GB1583736A - Fluid filter assembly - Google Patents
Fluid filter assembly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1583736A GB1583736A GB21845/78A GB2184578A GB1583736A GB 1583736 A GB1583736 A GB 1583736A GB 21845/78 A GB21845/78 A GB 21845/78A GB 2184578 A GB2184578 A GB 2184578A GB 1583736 A GB1583736 A GB 1583736A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- housing
- cartridge
- sealing material
- end cap
- projection
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012858 resilient material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000220010 Rhode Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
- B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
- B01D46/2411—Filter cartridges
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/02—Air cleaners
- F02M35/024—Air cleaners using filters, e.g. moistened
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2265/00—Casings, housings or mounting for filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D2265/02—Non-permanent measures for connecting different parts of the filter
- B01D2265/028—Snap, latch or clip connecting means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2271/00—Sealings for filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D2271/02—Gaskets, sealings
- B01D2271/022—Axial sealings
Description
(54) FLUID FILTER ASSEMBLY
(71) We, FRAM CORPORATION, of 105
Pawtucket Avenue, East Providence, Rhode
Island 02916, United States of America, a corporation organised and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, United States of
America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: The invention relates to fluid filter assemblies and more particularly to such filter assemblies used in automotive vehicles to remove particles from the air supplied to the engine.
Filter assemblies generally include a cylindrical housing closed at one end and opened at the other end, a closure for the open end, an annular filter cartridge designed to be introduced into the housing through the open end, an inlet and an outlet provided in the housing so that fluid moving from the inlet to the outlet must flow across the filter cartridge, and means provided in the cartridge to provide tightness between the cartridge and the housing.
These means to provide tightness are generally sponge rubber gaskets fixed on both annular axial ends of the cartridge, the gaskets being pressed into fluid-tight contact with the housing and the closure by appropriate means.
In alternative embodiments, only one gasket is provided on one end of the cartridge to cooperate with the closed end of the housing, the other end of the cartridge being entirely closed by means of a continuous disc-shaped plate.
Although these prior art devices, in general, have worked quite well, they lead to expensive cartridges and increase the risk of damaged gaskets during cartridge transportation and replacing.
The invention relates to a fluid filter assembly, more particularly for the engine air intake of automotive vehicles, said assembly comprising a housing defining a chamber therewithin for receiving a filter cartridge, said housing having an open end through which the cartridge is inserted into said chamber and a closed end, and a removable closure for said open end, said filter cartridge including: a continuous length of filtering media forming an annulus, inner and outer cylindrical permeable support means terminating in circumferential, radially separated and axially extending edges circumscribing the inner and outer cylindrical surfaces defined by said annulus, and a pair of end caps joining said extending edges of the support means and cooperating therewith to define a compartment housing the filtering media, an inlet and an outlet being provided in said housing in a way that fluid moving from said inlet to said outlet must flow across said filtering media, characterized in that resilient sealing material is carried by the closed end of the housing, and that one of said end caps is annular and has a circumferential axially extending projection facing and penetrating said sealing material to thereby seal the cartridge with the housing.
As in the prior art devices, one end of the cartridge can be entirely closed. Preferably, however, both end caps are annular and the other end cap has a circumferential axially extending projection facing and adapted to penetrate resilient sealing material carried by the closure so as to seal the cartridge with the housing. With such an assembly, the sealing material remaining permanently fixed on the housing, the cartridges do not need to be provided with gaskets which results in reducing the cost of cartridges and avoiding the risk of damaged gaskets during transportation and replacing.
The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
Figure 1 is a side elevational view, partly in section, of a heavy-duty air cleaner and filter cartridge installed therein according to the present invention; and
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a heavyduty air cleaner and filter cartridge which represents an alternative embodiment to that disclosed in Figure 1.
Referring now to the drawings, a heavy-duty air cleaner generally indicated by the numeral
10 includes a housing 12 having an annular side wall 14, a closed end 16, and an open end
18 through which a filter cartridge generally indicated by the numeral 20 is installed and removed from the housing 12. The cartridge 20 includes an annular outer screen 22, an annular inner screen 24, both of conventional construction, and an upper disc shaped end cap 26 and lower annular end cap 28, which interconnect the upper and lower ends of the screens 22 and 24 respectively to define a compartment in which the filtering media 30 is received.
The upper and lower edges of the filtering media 30 are bonded to the end caps to effect a seal against contaminant penetration. The filtering media 30 may be of any conventional type, such as pleated paper, which is effective in filtering fluid flow. The lower end cap 28 is provided with a circumferentially extending, axially projecting ridge or projection 31, which is adapted to penetrate an annular bed of sealing material 32, such as polyurethane, which is received in a circumferentially extending groove 34 in the closed end 16 of the housing 12. One edge of the groove 34 is defined by a filter stop ledge 36, which locates the cartridge in a predetermined position within the housing, and which engages a circumferentially extending portion of the end cap 28 adjacent the projection 31. Engagement of the cartridge 20 with the stop ledge 36 controls the distance that the ridge 31 penetrates the sealing material 32. A closure 38 is provided for closing the open end 18 of the housing, and conventional, circumferentially spaced clamps 40 are provided for securing the closure 38 to the housing 12. The clamps 40 are of conventional design, and are adapted to cause the closure 38 to exert a downwardly directed force, viewing Figure I, on the cartridge 20 when the clamps are fastened. This downwardly directed force causes the projection 31 to penetrate the annular sealing material. The housing 12 also includes an air inlet 42 which communicates with the annular chamber 44 defined between the screen 22 and the wall 14.
An outlet 46 communicates with the inner chamber 48 defined within the screen 24, so that all incoming air through the inlet 42 must pass through the filter media 30 in order to communicate with the chamber 48 and thence to the outlet 46.
When it is necessary to change the filter cartridge 20, the clamps 40 are loosened, cover 38 is removed, and the filter cartridge 20 is removed through the open end 1 8. Because the contact area between the projection 31 and
the sealing material 32 is relatively small, the
filter cartridge 20 can be easily removed, because of the nonstick properties of the sealing material 32. A new filter cartridge is then in
stalled in the housing through the open end 18.
Because of the low compression-set characteristics of the sealing material 32, it can be used
over and over again when new filter cartridges
are installed even if the contact area is identical
with that used with previous cartridges. How
ever, if desired, filter cartridges 20 may be
manufactured with random diameter projec
tions 31 to assure that a fresh surface is used
each time, but this is not necessary.
Referring now to the alternate embodiment
of Figure 2, elements substantially the same as those in the preferred embodiment retain the same reference character, but are increased by 100. The air cleaner assembly illustrated in
Figure 2 is substantially identical with that illustrated in Figure 1. However, the filter cartridge 120 is provided with an annular upper end cap 126 which extends only between the inner and outer screens 122 and 124, while the closed upper end cap 26 in the embodiment described hereinabove extends across the diameter of the outer screen 22, thus closing the annulus defined by the inner screen 24. Prior art filter cartridges usually provided a disc shaped upper end cap, since a closed end cap eliminated the need for a second gasket to seal with the closure member. The present invention, however, eliminates gaskets from the cartridge entirely, thus permitting the substitution of an annular upper end cap which seals against the removable cover in the same way that the lower end cap seals against the housing, as illustrated in Figure 2. In the embodiment of Figure 2, the closure member 138 is provided with a circumferentially extending band of sealing material 150, and the annular end cap 126, is provided with a projection 152 which penetrate the sealing material 150 when the cover 138 is installed on the housing 112 by manipulation of the clamp 140. Therefore, both the upper and lower end caps are sealed against the housing in the same manner. It will be noted that the diameter of the projection 152 is different from that of the projection 131. Consequently, the filter cartridge 120 may be inverted on alter nate installations in order to assure a different contact area between the projections 131 or 152 and the sealing material 150 or 132. In this way, a fresh sealing diameter is obtained each time the filter cartridge 1 20 is changed, since the formerly compressed diameter completely recovers while the new filter cartridge is used so that the formerly compressed diameter of the sealing material 32 may be reused the next time.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A fluid filter assembly, more particularly for the engine air intake of automotive vehicles, said assembly comprising a housing defining a chamber therewithin and a filter cartridge, said housing having an open end through which the cartridge is inserted into said chamber and a closed end and a removable closure for said open end, said filter cartridge including: a continuous length of filtering media forming an annulus, inner and outer cylindrical permeable support means terminating in circumferential, radially separated and axially extending edges circumscribing the inner and outer cylindrical surfaces defined by said annulus, and a pair of end caps joining said extending edges of the support means and cooperating therewith to define a compartment housing the filtering media, an inlet and an outlet being provided in said housing in a way that fluid moving from said inlet to said outlet must flow across said
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (1)
- **WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **.26 and lower annular end cap 28, which interconnect the upper and lower ends of the screens 22 and 24 respectively to define a compartment in which the filtering media 30 is received.The upper and lower edges of the filtering media 30 are bonded to the end caps to effect a seal against contaminant penetration. The filtering media 30 may be of any conventional type, such as pleated paper, which is effective in filtering fluid flow. The lower end cap 28 is provided with a circumferentially extending, axially projecting ridge or projection 31, which is adapted to penetrate an annular bed of sealing material 32, such as polyurethane, which is received in a circumferentially extending groove 34 in the closed end 16 of the housing 12. One edge of the groove 34 is defined by a filter stop ledge 36, which locates the cartridge in a predetermined position within the housing, and which engages a circumferentially extending portion of the end cap 28 adjacent the projection 31. Engagement of the cartridge 20 with the stop ledge 36 controls the distance that the ridge 31 penetrates the sealing material 32. A closure 38 is provided for closing the open end 18 of the housing, and conventional, circumferentially spaced clamps 40 are provided for securing the closure 38 to the housing 12. The clamps 40 are of conventional design, and are adapted to cause the closure 38 to exert a downwardly directed force, viewing Figure I, on the cartridge 20 when the clamps are fastened. This downwardly directed force causes the projection 31 to penetrate the annular sealing material. The housing 12 also includes an air inlet 42 which communicates with the annular chamber 44 defined between the screen 22 and the wall 14.An outlet 46 communicates with the inner chamber 48 defined within the screen 24, so that all incoming air through the inlet 42 must pass through the filter media 30 in order to communicate with the chamber 48 and thence to the outlet 46.When it is necessary to change the filter cartridge 20, the clamps 40 are loosened, cover 38 is removed, and the filter cartridge 20 is removed through the open end 1 8. Because the contact area between the projection 31 and the sealing material 32 is relatively small, the filter cartridge 20 can be easily removed, because of the nonstick properties of the sealing material 32. A new filter cartridge is then in stalled in the housing through the open end 18.Because of the low compression-set characteristics of the sealing material 32, it can be used over and over again when new filter cartridges are installed even if the contact area is identical with that used with previous cartridges. How ever, if desired, filter cartridges 20 may be manufactured with random diameter projec tions 31 to assure that a fresh surface is used each time, but this is not necessary.Referring now to the alternate embodiment of Figure 2, elements substantially the same as those in the preferred embodiment retain the same reference character, but are increased by 100. The air cleaner assembly illustrated in Figure 2 is substantially identical with that illustrated in Figure 1. However, the filter cartridge 120 is provided with an annular upper end cap 126 which extends only between the inner and outer screens 122 and 124, while the closed upper end cap 26 in the embodiment described hereinabove extends across the diameter of the outer screen 22, thus closing the annulus defined by the inner screen 24. Prior art filter cartridges usually provided a disc shaped upper end cap, since a closed end cap eliminated the need for a second gasket to seal with the closure member. The present invention, however, eliminates gaskets from the cartridge entirely, thus permitting the substitution of an annular upper end cap which seals against the removable cover in the same way that the lower end cap seals against the housing, as illustrated in Figure 2. In the embodiment of Figure 2, the closure member 138 is provided with a circumferentially extending band of sealing material 150, and the annular end cap 126, is provided with a projection 152 which penetrate the sealing material 150 when the cover 138 is installed on the housing 112 by manipulation of the clamp 140. Therefore, both the upper and lower end caps are sealed against the housing in the same manner. It will be noted that the diameter of the projection 152 is different from that of the projection 131. Consequently, the filter cartridge 120 may be inverted on alter nate installations in order to assure a different contact area between the projections 131 or 152 and the sealing material 150 or 132. In this way, a fresh sealing diameter is obtained each time the filter cartridge 1 20 is changed, since the formerly compressed diameter completely recovers while the new filter cartridge is used so that the formerly compressed diameter of the sealing material 32 may be reused the next time.WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. A fluid filter assembly, more particularly for the engine air intake of automotive vehicles, said assembly comprising a housing defining a chamber therewithin and a filter cartridge, said housing having an open end through which the cartridge is inserted into said chamber and a closed end and a removable closure for said open end, said filter cartridge including: a continuous length of filtering media forming an annulus, inner and outer cylindrical permeable support means terminating in circumferential, radially separated and axially extending edges circumscribing the inner and outer cylindrical surfaces defined by said annulus, and a pair of end caps joining said extending edges of the support means and cooperating therewith to define a compartment housing the filtering media, an inlet and an outlet being provided in said housing in a way that fluid moving from said inlet to said outlet must flow across saidfiltering media, characterized in that resilient sealing material is carried by the closed end of the housing, and that one of said end caps is annular and has a circumferential axially extending projection facing and penetrating said sealing material to thereby seal the cartridge with the housing.2. A fluid filter assembly according to claim 1 characterized in that the other end cap is a continuous disc-shaped plate which entirely closes the other end of the cartridge.3. A fluid filter assembly according to claim 1 characterized in that the other end cap is annular and also has a circumferential axially extending projection facing and adapted to penetrate resilient sealing material carried by the closure so as to seal the cartridge with the housing.4. A fluid filter assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that the diameters of the axially extending projections on said end caps are unequal.5. A fluid filter assembly according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the closed end is formed with a groove therein, said resilient material carried by said closed end being locate of the preceding claims, characterized in that clamp means are provided to hold said closure on the housing, said clamp means exerting an axially directed force on said cartridge when the closure is installed on the housing to thereby force said projection or projections to penetrate the corresponding sealing material.7. A fluid filter assembly according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said housing includes means defining a cartridge stop ledge located on the closed end of the housing and engaging a portion of said one end cap of the cartridge when it is installed in the housing to thereby locate the cartridge in a predetermined position within the housing, said sealing material being located adjacent said ledge and adapted to cooperate with said one end cap projection.8. A fluid filter assembly substantially as herein described with reference to and as shown in Figures 1 or 2 of the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US80351077A | 1977-06-06 | 1977-06-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1583736A true GB1583736A (en) | 1981-02-04 |
Family
ID=25186694
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB21845/78A Expired GB1583736A (en) | 1977-06-06 | 1978-05-24 | Fluid filter assembly |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS543973A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU3685178A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7803579A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1099220A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2824280A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2393597A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1583736A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1096428B (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ187353A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA783091B (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2228689B (en) * | 1989-03-01 | 1993-09-15 | Norman John Taylor | Improvements relating to tanks |
| US6280492B1 (en) | 1994-12-06 | 2001-08-28 | Filterwerk Mann & Hummel Gmbh | Flange for a device for separating an oil aerosol from air |
| GB2364256A (en) * | 2000-05-16 | 2002-01-23 | Walker Filtration Ltd | Mounting filter elements to end caps |
| CN106975325A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-07-25 | 中国科学院新疆理化技术研究所 | A kind of trace standard explosive method for concentration based on molecular screen membrane |
| CN109422379A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-03-05 | 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 | The filter device of bath apparatus |
| WO2019238212A1 (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2019-12-19 | Volvo Truck Corporation | A disposable air filter unit, an air cleaner assembly and an air cleaner arrangement |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4235611A (en) * | 1979-04-23 | 1980-11-25 | Fram Corporation | Air filter |
| JPS59227705A (en) * | 1983-06-09 | 1984-12-21 | Toho Rayon Co Ltd | Filament bundle of activated carbon and its manufacture |
| JPS6147827A (en) * | 1984-08-10 | 1986-03-08 | Kuraray Co Ltd | Hollow activated carbon fiber |
| US4950317A (en) * | 1989-01-09 | 1990-08-21 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Air filter assembly and method of putting filter element in same |
| DE4024898A1 (en) * | 1990-08-06 | 1992-02-13 | Mann & Hummel Filter | INTAKE AIR FILTER FOR THE COMBUSTION ENGINE OF A VEHICLE |
| US5594302A (en) * | 1995-08-22 | 1997-01-14 | Lamptech Ltd. | Metal halide lamp including iron and molybdenum |
| DE19547575A1 (en) * | 1995-12-20 | 1997-06-26 | Mann & Hummel Filter | Air filter element |
| KR20030040634A (en) * | 2001-11-15 | 2003-05-23 | 기아자동차주식회사 | Air-cleaner for preventing noise for vehicles |
| DE202007014822U1 (en) * | 2007-10-02 | 2009-02-19 | Mann+Hummel Gmbh | Filter element Zackendichtung |
| DE112018000692T5 (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2019-10-17 | Cummins Filtration Ip, Inc. | FILTRATION SEALING SYSTEM |
| US11772028B2 (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2023-10-03 | The Sy-Klone Company, Llc | Radial seal filter |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1257374A (en) * | 1960-05-16 | 1961-03-31 | Filter with interchangeable filter insert, in particular for the air drawn into internal combustion engines |
-
1978
- 1978-03-31 CA CA300,167A patent/CA1099220A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-05-24 NZ NZ187353A patent/NZ187353A/en unknown
- 1978-05-24 GB GB21845/78A patent/GB1583736A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-05-30 ZA ZA00783091A patent/ZA783091B/en unknown
- 1978-05-31 FR FR787816259A patent/FR2393597A1/en active Granted
- 1978-06-02 DE DE19782824280 patent/DE2824280A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-06-05 IT IT24189/78A patent/IT1096428B/en active
- 1978-06-05 BR BR7803579A patent/BR7803579A/en unknown
- 1978-06-06 AU AU36851/78A patent/AU3685178A/en active Pending
- 1978-06-06 JP JP6735178A patent/JPS543973A/en active Pending
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2228689B (en) * | 1989-03-01 | 1993-09-15 | Norman John Taylor | Improvements relating to tanks |
| US6280492B1 (en) | 1994-12-06 | 2001-08-28 | Filterwerk Mann & Hummel Gmbh | Flange for a device for separating an oil aerosol from air |
| GB2364256A (en) * | 2000-05-16 | 2002-01-23 | Walker Filtration Ltd | Mounting filter elements to end caps |
| GB2364256B (en) * | 2000-05-16 | 2003-06-25 | Walker Filtration Ltd | Filter assembly |
| CN106975325A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-07-25 | 中国科学院新疆理化技术研究所 | A kind of trace standard explosive method for concentration based on molecular screen membrane |
| CN109422379A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-03-05 | 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 | The filter device of bath apparatus |
| CN109422379B (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2024-04-02 | 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 | Filter device for bath equipment |
| WO2019238212A1 (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2019-12-19 | Volvo Truck Corporation | A disposable air filter unit, an air cleaner assembly and an air cleaner arrangement |
| CN112512662A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2021-03-16 | 沃尔沃卡车集团 | Disposable air filter unit, air filter assembly and air filter device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS543973A (en) | 1979-01-12 |
| IT7824189A0 (en) | 1978-06-05 |
| BR7803579A (en) | 1979-07-10 |
| DE2824280A1 (en) | 1978-12-14 |
| FR2393597B1 (en) | 1983-01-21 |
| FR2393597A1 (en) | 1979-01-05 |
| ZA783091B (en) | 1979-05-30 |
| AU3685178A (en) | 1979-12-13 |
| CA1099220A (en) | 1981-04-14 |
| NZ187353A (en) | 1982-06-29 |
| IT1096428B (en) | 1985-08-26 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |