GB1583392A - Voltage or current regulating apparatus - Google Patents

Voltage or current regulating apparatus Download PDF

Info

Publication number
GB1583392A
GB1583392A GB2815077A GB2815077A GB1583392A GB 1583392 A GB1583392 A GB 1583392A GB 2815077 A GB2815077 A GB 2815077A GB 2815077 A GB2815077 A GB 2815077A GB 1583392 A GB1583392 A GB 1583392A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
counter
voltage
output
switch
turned
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB2815077A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
BBC Brown Boveri France SA
Original Assignee
BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
BBC Brown Boveri France SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland, BBC Brown Boveri France SA filed Critical BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
Publication of GB1583392A publication Critical patent/GB1583392A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/02—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M5/25—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M5/253—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using discharge tubes only

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Ac-Ac Conversion (AREA)

Description

(54) IMPROVEMENTS IN VOLTAGE OR CURRENT REGULATING APPARATUS (71) We, BBC BROWN, BOVERI AND COMPANY LIMITED, a Swiss company of Baden, Switzerland, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention concerns a static regulating transformer for the production of variable voltages and/or currents when fed with a constant alternating voltage.
In a known voltage control arrangement illustrated by Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing, a series of eight resistors R1-R8 having binary graded values are each connected by way of a respective triac T1-T8 to an alternating voltage source UN. The triacs T1-T8 are controlled by the outputs from respective stages of an 8-stage binary counter 2, so that as the counter is steppped the total resistance falls in 28 = 256 steps from a maximum value (T8 only turned on) to a minimum value (all triacs T1-T8 turned on).
By setting the counter 2 by external means to provide any 8-digit binary number at its outputs any arbitrary intermediate value of resistance can be obtained. By the use of this variable resistance arrangement a variable current or a variable voltage can be produced. It is true that when this arrangement is used the available output power is limited because of the heat developed in the variable resistance.
It is the object of the present invention to provide a means of obtaining a variable alternating current or voltage in which the mentioned disadvantage of the known circuit arrangement is avoided and which enables a variable voltage to be provided without substantial losses.
According to the present invention there is provided voltage or current regulating apparatus including a transformer having a secondary winding divided into a plurality of sections arranged, when a constant amplitude alternating voltage is applied to a primary winding of said transformer, to develop no-load voltages mutually related as successive powers of 2, said winding sections being arranged to be connectable in series between output terminals by way of respective first electronic switches and each series combination of a winding section and a respective first electronic switch being shunted by a respective second electronic switch, said first and second electronic switches being coupled to the respective outputs of a binary counter so that when any said first electronic switch is turned on the respective second electronic switch is turned off, and vice versa, whereby the output voltage appearing at said output terminals varies in accordance with the state of count of said binary counter.
It will be understood that in apparatus embodying the invention the parallel resistors of the known arrangement are replaced by the series-connected winding sections, thus enabling a variable alternating voltage or current to be obtained substantially without power loss. This arrangement is therefore suitable to provide high powers.
Figure 2 of the accompanying drawing illustrates the basic circuit of apparatus in accordance with the invention. A transformer 1 includes eight secondary winding sections arranged to provide no-load voltages that are mutually related as successive powers of 2, so that W1 - 1V, W2 = 2V, W3 = 4V, W4 = 8V, W5 = 16V, W6 = 32V, W7 = 64V and W8 = 128V. Each winding section is connectable with the next in sequency by way of a respective first electronic switch Al to A8 and each series combination of a winding section Wn and a first electronic switch An is shunted by a respective second electronic switch Bn. Thus the winding sections Wn are all connected in series with first electronic switches An lying .between each two winding sections while each respective second electronic switch Bn when turned on short circuits the respective series combination WnAn of winding section and first electronic switch. It will be seen that the second electronic switches are all connected in series between the output terminals a, b. The first and second electronic switches are preferably triacs. When triacs are used as the electronic switches the pulse source is preferably arranged to provide pulses so timed that change-over from any said triac pair to another is effected as said current passes through zero amplitude.
Each pair of electronic switches AnBn is controlled by an individual stage output of an eight-stage binary counter 2, the connections not being shown in the drawing for reasons of simplicity in illustration. When a counter stage yields a binary zero output the associated first electronic switch is turned off, while the associated second electronic switch, for which the zero control signal is inverted before application to its control input, is turned on. When the respective counter stage yields a binary "1" output then the conditions of the associated electronic switches are reversed, the first electronic switch being turned on and the second electronic switch being turned off.
The manner of operation of the abovedescribed embodiment will nbw be explained with examples for individual code combinations at the counter outputs.
a) Counter Output 10000000 = 1 The pair of electronic switches Al, B1 reverse their condition, that is, switch Al is turned on and switch B1 is turned off. In all the other switch pairs the A switches remain turned off and the B switches turned on. The winding sections W2 to W8 are thus excluded from the circuit between output terminals a, b without being short circuited and only winding section W1 is connected in that circuit. The output voltage Va-b iS thus that of W1 = 1V.
b) Counter Output 01000000 = 2 The condition of the pair of switches A2, B2 is reversed, all other switches unchanged.
Va-b = W2 = 2V c) Counter Output 11000000 = 3 The switch pairs Al, B1 and A2, B2 reverse their condition, all other switches unchanged.
Va-b = WI + W2 = 3V d) Counter Output 00100000 = 4 Switch pair A3. B3 reverses its condition, all other pairs unchanged.
Va-b = W3 = 4V x) Counter Output 1111 1111 = 256 The condition of all the switch pairs Al, Bl to A8, B8 is reversed.
Va-b = Wl + W2+ +W7 + W8 = 256V It is possible to set counter 2 by external means to any arbitrary binary value and in this manner to select any desired output voltage Va-b in the range from 1 to 256V. Obviously the described apparatus may be modified to provide different voltage ranges and gradations if desired. It is advantageous to arrange that reversal of the switch pairs shall be synchronized with zero crossings in the output current in order to avoid disadvantageous switching transients in the output voltage. This is readily done by synchronizing the counter operation with the applied alternating voltage.
The voltage drop in the electronic switches (which as has been said are preferably triacs) can be compensated by arranging an additional winding section 3 in series with the binary graded winding sections W1 - W8.
Since in all conditions of the apparatus eight electronic switches are connected in series, a compensating voltage equal to eight times the voltage loss in one switch is always correct. The compensating ^ winding 3 is arranged accordingly.
In some applications it will be convenient to provide a source of pulses of constant frequency and means for connecting these pulses to drive the counter, thereby to produce a progressive charge in the output voltage.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. Voltage or current regulating apparatus including a transformer having a secondary winding divided into a plurality of sections arranged, when a constantamplitude alternating voltage is applied to a primary winding of said transformer to develop no-load voltages mutually related as successive powers of 2, said winding sections being arranged to be connectable in series between output terminals by way of respective first electronic switches and each series combination of a winding section and a respective first electronic switch being shunted by a respective second electronic switch, said first and second electronic switches being coupled to the respective outputs of a binary counter so that when any said first electronic switch is turned on the respective second electronic switch is turned off, and vice versa, whereby the output voltage appearing at said output terminals varies in accordance with the state of count of said binary counter.
2. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 and further including a source of pulses of constant frequency and means for connecting said pulses to drive said counter thereby to produce a progressive change in said output voltage.
3. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 or claim 2, wherein all said first and second electronic switches are triacs arranged to be controlled complementarily in pairs by said computer outputs.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (7)

  1. **WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **.
    .between each two winding sections while each respective second electronic switch Bn when turned on short circuits the respective series combination WnAn of winding section and first electronic switch. It will be seen that the second electronic switches are all connected in series between the output terminals a, b. The first and second electronic switches are preferably triacs. When triacs are used as the electronic switches the pulse source is preferably arranged to provide pulses so timed that change-over from any said triac pair to another is effected as said current passes through zero amplitude.
    Each pair of electronic switches AnBn is controlled by an individual stage output of an eight-stage binary counter 2, the connections not being shown in the drawing for reasons of simplicity in illustration. When a counter stage yields a binary zero output the associated first electronic switch is turned off, while the associated second electronic switch, for which the zero control signal is inverted before application to its control input, is turned on. When the respective counter stage yields a binary "1" output then the conditions of the associated electronic switches are reversed, the first electronic switch being turned on and the second electronic switch being turned off.
    The manner of operation of the abovedescribed embodiment will nbw be explained with examples for individual code combinations at the counter outputs.
    a) Counter Output 10000000 = 1 The pair of electronic switches Al, B1 reverse their condition, that is, switch Al is turned on and switch B1 is turned off. In all the other switch pairs the A switches remain turned off and the B switches turned on. The winding sections W2 to W8 are thus excluded from the circuit between output terminals a, b without being short circuited and only winding section W1 is connected in that circuit. The output voltage Va-b iS thus that of W1 = 1V.
    b) Counter Output 01000000 = 2 The condition of the pair of switches A2, B2 is reversed, all other switches unchanged.
    Va-b = W2 = 2V
    c) Counter Output 11000000 = 3 The switch pairs Al, B1 and A2, B2 reverse their condition, all other switches unchanged.
    Va-b = WI + W2 = 3V d) Counter Output 00100000 = 4 Switch pair A3. B3 reverses its condition, all other pairs unchanged.
    Va-b = W3 = 4V
    x) Counter Output 1111 1111 = 256 The condition of all the switch pairs Al, Bl to A8, B8 is reversed.
    Va-b = Wl + W2+ +W7 + W8 = 256V It is possible to set counter 2 by external means to any arbitrary binary value and in this manner to select any desired output voltage Va-b in the range from 1 to 256V. Obviously the described apparatus may be modified to provide different voltage ranges and gradations if desired. It is advantageous to arrange that reversal of the switch pairs shall be synchronized with zero crossings in the output current in order to avoid disadvantageous switching transients in the output voltage. This is readily done by synchronizing the counter operation with the applied alternating voltage.
    The voltage drop in the electronic switches (which as has been said are preferably triacs) can be compensated by arranging an additional winding section 3 in series with the binary graded winding sections W1 - W8.
    Since in all conditions of the apparatus eight electronic switches are connected in series, a compensating voltage equal to eight times the voltage loss in one switch is always correct. The compensating ^ winding 3 is arranged accordingly.
    In some applications it will be convenient to provide a source of pulses of constant frequency and means for connecting these pulses to drive the counter, thereby to produce a progressive charge in the output voltage.
    WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. Voltage or current regulating apparatus including a transformer having a secondary winding divided into a plurality of sections arranged, when a constantamplitude alternating voltage is applied to a primary winding of said transformer to develop no-load voltages mutually related as successive powers of 2, said winding sections being arranged to be connectable in series between output terminals by way of respective first electronic switches and each series combination of a winding section and a respective first electronic switch being shunted by a respective second electronic switch, said first and second electronic switches being coupled to the respective outputs of a binary counter so that when any said first electronic switch is turned on the respective second electronic switch is turned off, and vice versa, whereby the output voltage appearing at said output terminals varies in accordance with the state of count of said binary counter.
  2. 2. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 and further including a source of pulses of constant frequency and means for connecting said pulses to drive said counter thereby to produce a progressive change in said output voltage.
  3. 3. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1 or claim 2, wherein all said first and second electronic switches are triacs arranged to be controlled complementarily in pairs by said computer outputs.
  4. 4. Apparatus in accordance with claim 1,
    2 or 3 wherein means are provided whereby said counter may be set to a predetermined number whereby a predetermined voltage is applied to said output terminals.
  5. 5. Apparatus in accordance with claim 2 or in accordance with claim 3 or claim 4 as dependent upon claim 2, wherein said pulse source is arranged to provide pulses so timed that change-over from any said triac pair to another is effected as said current passes through zero amplitude.
  6. 6. Apparatus in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein an additional said winding section, always connected between said output terminals in series with the selected winding section or sections, is arranged to supply a voltage equal to the voltage drop in the triacs.
  7. 7. Voltage or current regulating apparatus substantially as herein described with reference to Figure 2 of the accompanying drawing.
GB2815077A 1976-07-07 1977-07-05 Voltage or current regulating apparatus Expired GB1583392A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH868676A CH599664A5 (en) 1976-07-07 1976-07-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB1583392A true GB1583392A (en) 1981-01-28

Family

ID=4343530

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB2815077A Expired GB1583392A (en) 1976-07-07 1977-07-05 Voltage or current regulating apparatus

Country Status (4)

Country Link
CH (1) CH599664A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2634742A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2357996A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1583392A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3321999A1 (en) * 1983-06-18 1984-12-20 Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH, 6100 Darmstadt Circuit arrangement for energy supply
DE3829251A1 (en) * 1988-08-29 1990-03-01 Interatom DC voltage supply having stepped fast interruption

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2912776A1 (en) * 1979-03-30 1980-10-09 Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck VOLTAGE REGULATOR WITH SETPOINT VALUE FOR STEPPING TRANSFORMERS
DE3214973A1 (en) * 1982-04-22 1983-10-27 Friedrich Dr.-Ing. e.h. 8600 Bamberg Raupach Variable transformer with an electronic controller
DE3310816A1 (en) * 1983-03-24 1984-09-27 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Method for compensation of the switching threshold voltage in a voltage-injection converter circuit, and a converter circuit for this purpose
DE3422961A1 (en) * 1984-06-18 1985-12-19 Nieke Elektroapparate GmbH Berlin, 1000 Berlin Adjustable transformer
DE4230727A1 (en) * 1992-09-14 1994-03-17 Antohi Nikolaus Dipl Ing Fh Linear inverter for power supply to sensitive measuring appts. - employs multiplying D=A converter for sync. adaptation of control voltage to maintain output within tolerances
DE19848428C2 (en) * 1998-10-21 2001-09-13 Thomas Klein Graduated voltage stabilizer

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL229392A (en) * 1950-01-31
US2970308A (en) * 1957-08-07 1961-01-31 Gen Dynamics Corp Parallel digital to a. c. analog converter
NL278413A (en) * 1961-05-15
US3255403A (en) * 1963-03-20 1966-06-07 Gen Electric Voltage regulating system
DE1589621A1 (en) * 1967-07-06 1970-04-30 Continental Elektro Ind Ag Electric coil with taps
US3600664A (en) * 1970-01-20 1971-08-17 Gen Electric Overcurrent protection for solid-state voltage regulator
FR2155839B1 (en) * 1971-10-08 1975-04-18 Alsthom Cgee
IT1010601B (en) * 1974-03-11 1977-01-20 Legnaioli L ELECTRIC MACHINE TO CHANGE THE TRANSFORMATION RATIO OF A VOLTAGE WITH THE AID OF SWITCHES

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3321999A1 (en) * 1983-06-18 1984-12-20 Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH, 6100 Darmstadt Circuit arrangement for energy supply
DE3829251A1 (en) * 1988-08-29 1990-03-01 Interatom DC voltage supply having stepped fast interruption

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2634742A1 (en) 1978-01-12
CH599664A5 (en) 1978-05-31
FR2357996A1 (en) 1978-02-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4192007A (en) Programmable ringing generator
GB1583392A (en) Voltage or current regulating apparatus
US4313061A (en) Method and apparatus for supplying electric current to a number of electrical loads
SU760299A1 (en) Device for inverse regulating of voltage across two series-connected loads
SU1676027A1 (en) Controllable transformer of alternating voltage
SU1175010A1 (en) Three-phase a.c.voltage-to-three-phase a.c.voltage converter
SU572769A1 (en) Switchable high-voltage power source
US3271655A (en) Apparatus for generating a plurality of phase displaced periodic electrical quantities
SU817843A1 (en) Device for comparing phases of several signals
GB1564626A (en) Inverter system
US3470458A (en) Solid state load control
SU1437842A1 (en) A.c. to a.c. voltage converter
US3274396A (en) Multi-waveform generator
SU866673A1 (en) Controllable inverter
SU1182617A1 (en) Controlled inverter
SU1432686A2 (en) Secondary power suppldy system
SU1283925A1 (en) Device for controlling rotational speed of induction electric motor
SU1272426A1 (en) A.c.voltage-to-d.c.voltage converter
SU1603354A1 (en) A.c.voltage control
SU604105A1 (en) Multiphase inverter
SU1506502A1 (en) Three-phase self-exciting inverter
SU1606965A1 (en) Device for controlling a.c. voltage
SU1624632A1 (en) Power supply
SU1557650A1 (en) Controllable ac voltage-to-ac voltage converter
SU1095330A1 (en) Device for adjustable a.c. voltage

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
CSNS Application of which complete specification have been accepted and published, but patent is not sealed