GB1583255A - Composition for dyeing hair - Google Patents

Description

PATENT SPECIFICATION ( 11) 1583 255

}/' ( 21) Application No 33140/77 ( 22) Filed 8 Aug 1977 t ( 31) Convention Application No 7 609 628 ( 19) ( 32) Filed 31 Aug 1976 in ( 33) Sweden (SE)

0 ( 44) Complete Specification published 21 Jan 1981

R.

( 51) INT CL 3 A 61 K 7/13 ( 52) Index at acceptance D 1 B 2 J 25 ( 54) A COMPOSITION FOR DYEING HAIR ( 71) I, CARL VIKTOR DANIELSON, a Swedish subject, of Esplanaden 20, S-265 01 Astorp, Sweden, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a Patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:-

This invention relates to a composition for dyeing hair 5 At present, in cosmetic technology, for light and wash resistant dyeing of human hair, there is used patically only oxidation dyes, i e low molecular starting substances which are oxidized by means of H,202 to the desired colour These low molecular starting substances readily penetrate into the hair, are there oxidized to large dye molecules and in this way fixed medanically This weil-known method yields good colouring 10 results, but neverheless the hair cosmetic industry believe 'it is desirable to have it replaced by methods which are simpler and kinder to the hair A composition which satisfies modem requirements should not contain H 202 and should have a low p H value which to-day lies at a level as high as about 10.

An attempt to meet this requirement has been to replace the oxidation dyes by dis 15 persion dyes which are not water soluble abut merely dispersle in water These dyes, therefore, are not capable of penetrating appreciably into the hair even if the hair is strongly massaged during the application of the dye Where a mechanical fixing is possible the dyeing process has to be effected at an increased temperature, namely 40 to 50 C Although this temperature increase is moderate in itself and can easily be 20 provided by usual heating means, for example a heating hood, the a dyeing only takes place only on heating of the hair In this case a difficulty has been that it has not been possible to apply sufficient amounts of the dyestuff imn water-thin solution This may be compensated for by making the dispersion more viscous, and therefore attempts have been made by means of thickening agents to obtain a compositon which satisfies 25 the condition of applying a sufficient amount of the dyestuff for the subsequent treatment at an increased temperature.

Up to now, however, one has not been successful in finding an aceptable thickening agent, since 'it must have suitable properties from a great many different aspects.

By way of example it 'may be mentioned that thickening agents of the type of high 30 molecular substances in most cases have a detrimental influence on the colouring at the heat treatment and/or produce deposits especially within the acid range An exception from this is ammonium polyacrylate, which, however, on the other hand, is a pure glue and, therefore, afects, the hair in an unfavourable way, in so far as it becomes rough and difficult to comb out even after vigorous rining 35 Further, in hair dyeing preparations there are sometimes also used relatively highly concentrated suifactant solutions which in this concentration are viscous, for example nonyl phenols, or 'which become viscous after the addition of a slight percentage of common salt, for example shampoo, on the basis of ether sulfates Nor are such viscous surfactant solutions suited for dispersion dyes Even after heating the dye particles in 40 this environment adhere poorly to the hair apart from the fact that it is little desirable to let the slkin be in contact with heated concentrated surfactant solution for a prolonged period.

The invention aims at providing a composition which contains dispersion dye and thickening agent and through which the above-mentioned drawbacks have been entirely 45 overcome Accordingly, the 'hair dyeing shall be practicable while the composition has such a viscosity that during the application thereof lit is retained on the hair through adhesion in a sufficient amount Another object is that the hair shall be given the desired shade from a light tinting to, a stronger colouring effect which permanentldy remains in the hair, after the heat tmreatmnent has taken place and excess dye has been rinsed off fromn the hair The structure of the hair will not be influenced by the dyeing an a weakerning direction, and the hair otherwise maint ains is orginal properties with regard to softness and combing 5 According to the present invention there is provided a composition for dyeing hair, said composition comprising dispersion dye in a thickened aqueous dispesion and having a p H value lower than 8, characterized by the fact that as emulsified component of the aqueous dispersion it contains fatty alcohol and/or fatty acid ester, and a paraffin hydrocarbon The dispersion dye is preferably of azo or anthraquinone type, 10 respectively, for example Celliton (Trade Mark) dyes from BASF The fatty alcohol preferably consists of Co,-CQ O alcohols, thus for example lauryl, cerylstearyl alcohol and the like, or mixtures thereof The fatty acid esters consist of similar fatty acids and mono or polyvalent alxohos, for example isopropyl alcohol or glycerol Without being disadvantageously influenced in other respects the composition has, by an addition 15 of acid substances, a p H value which is lower than 8 and preferably lies within the imits 5 to 3, which for various reasons is highly desirable.

Among a number of various substances, fatty alcohol, fatty acid ester and paraffin have already been proposed as hickening agents in hair dyeing compositions These proposals have not led to any practically useful result by the fact that these substances 20 individually make the effet of the dispersion dye on the hair more difficult or impede such effect, respectively, with the simultaneous fulfilment of the condition that the composition must posses 'high viscosity With these substrates individually the dye is not capable of penetrating the hair but is rinsed off for the most pact at a subsquent washing in water This is true to a particularly high degree in respect of paraffin when 25 used on its own However, unexpectedly paraffin together with fatty alcohol or fatty acid esters, respectively, gives the composition dyeing properties which are widely superior to those of a compositfion in which merely the lastmentioned component is contained.

Only 'by the combination of the two components fatty alcohol or fatty acid 30 ester, respectively, and paraffin was it found possible to overcome this difficulty and, thus, to' solve the problem of dyeing hair by means Of the dispersion dyes favourable in so many respects The influence of the paraffin in the mixture on the dyeing procedure will probably have to, do with interface processes in a 3-phase system The hardly measurable 3-phase surface tension and diffusion constant plays a great part 35 It is found that the best dyeing result is obtained when the addition of paraffin is kept between 20 or 25 and 40 percentage by weight of the other comnponent, i e the fatty alcohol and/or the fatty acid ester The proportion of paraffin may be increased short of % with a favourable result.

The emulsifying substance or the emulsifier contained in the composition is in the 40 first place selected among nonionic sufactants, but also anionic surfactants may be added Examples thereof are 'high-ethoxylated polyglycol ethers and diethanolamine phosphates, respectively The purpose of the addition of emulsifiers is essentially to create an emulision of the thickening agent with a desired viscosity and permanence.

The composition is given a viscosity wfithin the range of 1000 to 35000 c P, 45 depending upon hairdressers requirements Optimum dyeing effect is obtained in the range of 2500 to 15000 c P Outside these limits the effect is slightly less but still satisfactory.

Suitable compositions for dyeing hair in accordance with the present invention are set out below by way of exaple 50 Example 1.

Lauryl alcohol 3 5 % Paraffin oil 1 4 % Eumulgin B 1 (Trade Mark) 1 4 % Dispersion dye brown, e g Celliton Bg braun 4 O % 55 Citric acid or water ad 100 and p H 4,5, respectively; viscosity about 1500 c P.

) Eumnulgin B 1: Nonlionic, high-eoxylated fatty alcohol (Henkel) (emulsifier).

1,583,255 Example 2.

Cetyl alcohdl 5 O % Paraffin oil 2 0 % Eumulgin B 1 (Trade Mark) 2 0 % Brown dye as above 4 0 % 5 Citric acid and water ad 100 and p H 4,5, respectively Viscosity about 3000 c P.

Example 3.

Outina MD 6 0 % Paraffin oil 2 0 % 10 Eumulgin B,1 (Trade Mark) 3 0 % Diethanoilanine alkyl phosphate 2 0 % Brown dye as above 4 0 % Viscosity about 3000 c P.

15) Cutina MD: A mixture of fatty acid mono and digiycedes 1 s (Henkel).

) Diethanolamine alkyl phosphate: Anionic surfactant (emulsifier) Example 4.

Cutina Mi D 8 0 % Isopropyl myristate 2 0 % 20 (fatty acid ester) Pain 3 0 % Eumulgin B 1 (Trade Mark) 4 0 % Brown dye as above 4 0 % Citric acid and water ad 100 and p H 3,5, respectively Viscsity 25 about 3000 o P.

Example 5.

As example 4, but isaopyl myristate is replaced by 2 % Mygliol 812 (NobelDynamit) = fatty acid ester, namely the triglyceride of C,,-CG 2 fatty acids.

Viscosity about 3000 c P 30 Example 6.

Lanette 0 (Trade Mark) 10 0 % Paraffin oil 4 0 % Eumltgin B 1 4 O % Brown dye as above 5 0 % 35 Citric acid and water ad 100 and p H 4, respectively Viscosity about 20,000 m 25,000 c P.

) Lanette 0 (Trade Mark): Cetyl-stearyl alcohol (Henkel).

After applying the liquid composition the hair is subjected to a heat treatment with a customry,heating appartus (heating hood, dark radiator etc) at a temperature 40 of 40 to 50 C At this treatment the composition is not allowed to dry but has to maintain at least part of its moisture content Therefore, during the treatment the air surrounding the hair shall have a high percentage of moisture Thereupon an excess of the dye composition is washed off by means of water before further treament (shampoo, drying etc) takes place 45 The fact that surfactant-containing emulsions give good dyeing results is not in contrast to what has been said eadrlier about pure, concentrated surfactant solutions As will be seen from the examples the suffactants (emulsifiers) are used in low concentration More particularly, only so much emulsifier is used that a durable emulsion is produced In this condition the emulsifier is substantially changed also chemically, 50 for example, it does no longer foam Also the thickening is in the first place brought about through the emulsified substance, such as the fatty alcohol, not through the emulsifier On the contrary, through excess of emulsifier a lowering of viscosity of the emnulsion is brought about.

According to the invention there has been produced a composition which forms 55 a commercially finished unit for immediate use and mixing of several components, as takes place in the case of the oxidation dye method used to-day, is disposed of The p H 'of the dye may be kept low and due to the size of the particles contained in the dye the a isk 'of penetration into fthe skin is practically eliminated Dispersion hair dyes according to the invention not only produce uniformn, satisfactory dyeing results but 60 1,583,255 also have an excellent hair coaet effect They lend a pleaant softness and lustre to the hair and make the combing easier.

Claims (1)

1. WHAT I CLAIM IS:-

   1 A composition for dyeing hair, said composition comprising dispersion dye in a thickened aqueous dispersion and having a p H value lower than 8, characterized 5 by the fasct that as emulsified component of the aqueous dispersion it contains a fatty alcohol and/or fatty acid ester, and a paraffin hydocarbon.

   2 A com on according to daim 1 wherein as emulsified substances there is used a mixture of paraffin and cetyl alcohol or seary alcohol or a mixture thereof.

   3 A composition according to claim '1 or 2 wherein it contains acidic substances 10 in such amount that the p H value is wiiin the limi ts 5 to 3.

   4 A composition according to any of the preceeding clainms wherein the emulsifying substance or emulsifier consists of anionic or non-ionic surfactants, respectively.

   A composition according to any of the preceding claims wherein it has a viscosity within the range of 1000 to 35000 c P 15 6 A composition according to claim 5 wherein it has a viscosity within the range of 2500 to 15000 c P.

   7 A composition for dyeing hair according to claim 1 and having constituents as set out in any one of examples 1 to 6.

   WITHERS & ROGERS, 4 Dyers Buildings, Holbornm, London, EC 1 N 2 JT, Agents or the Applcant.

   Printed for Her Majesty's Stationery Office by the Courier Press, Leamington Spa, 1981.

   Published by the Patent Office, 25 Southampton Buildings, London, WC 2 A l AY, from which copies may be obtained.

   1,583,255 a