GB1581859A - Continuous drying apparatus - Google Patents

Continuous drying apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
GB1581859A
GB1581859A GB18162/77A GB1816277A GB1581859A GB 1581859 A GB1581859 A GB 1581859A GB 18162/77 A GB18162/77 A GB 18162/77A GB 1816277 A GB1816277 A GB 1816277A GB 1581859 A GB1581859 A GB 1581859A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
shaft
chamber
paddles
axis
spaced
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB18162/77A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GRAMPEX PROTEIN Ltd
Original Assignee
GRAMPEX PROTEIN Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GRAMPEX PROTEIN Ltd filed Critical GRAMPEX PROTEIN Ltd
Priority to GB18162/77A priority Critical patent/GB1581859A/en
Publication of GB1581859A publication Critical patent/GB1581859A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/18—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by conduction, i.e. the heat is conveyed from the heat source, e.g. gas flame, to the materials or objects to be dried by direct contact
    • F26B3/22—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by conduction, i.e. the heat is conveyed from the heat source, e.g. gas flame, to the materials or objects to be dried by direct contact the heat source and the materials or objects to be dried being in relative motion, e.g. of vibration
    • F26B3/24—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by conduction, i.e. the heat is conveyed from the heat source, e.g. gas flame, to the materials or objects to be dried by direct contact the heat source and the materials or objects to be dried being in relative motion, e.g. of vibration the movement being rotation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/90—Heating or cooling systems
    • B01F35/95—Heating or cooling systems using heated or cooled stirrers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
    • F26B11/12—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in stationary drums or other mainly-closed receptacles with moving stirring devices
    • F26B11/16—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in stationary drums or other mainly-closed receptacles with moving stirring devices the stirring device moving in a vertical or steeply-inclined plane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/18—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by rotating helical blades or other rotary conveyors which may be heated moving materials in stationary chambers, e.g. troughs
    • F26B17/20—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by rotating helical blades or other rotary conveyors which may be heated moving materials in stationary chambers, e.g. troughs the axis of rotation being horizontal or slightly inclined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/05—Stirrers
    • B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
    • B01F27/112—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers with arms, paddles, vanes or blades

Description

(54) CONTINUOUS DRYING APPARATUS (71) We GRAMPEX PROTEIN LIMITED, a British Company, of 109 Douglas Street, Glasgow, Great Britain, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention relates to apparatus for the continuous treatment of comminuted or mashed material to remove volatile liquid therefrom.
More particularly, the invention is concerned with apparatus for treating press cake to form a dried meal therefrom in a continuous process for the manufacture of ground fishmeal.
The invention relates also to plant for the continuous production of ground fishmeal and incorporating such apparatus as aforesaid.
In the production of fishmeal, successive treatment stages include cooking of the raw material, pressing of the cooked material to remove liquor, drying of the press cake, and grinding of the dried meal. The carrying out of such production on a continuous basis involves inter alia continuous material flow through a drying apparatus incorporating both a heating facility for driving off volatile liquid, mainly moisture, and a conveying facility for moving the material progressively between an inlet and an outlet. On entering the drying apparatus, the press cake is of a soft wet composition which is changed gradually by the heating facility to a dry friable composition which leaves the drying apparatus for subsequent grinding.This change in composition has hitherto constituted a principal factor or difficulty impeding the achievement of improvements in terms of thermal efficiency, dimensional compactness, flexibility of material flow rate, and component durability.
An object of the present invention is to obviate or mitigate the aforesaid difficulty.
According to the present invention, there is provided apparatus for the continuous treatment of comminuted or mashed material to remove volatile liquid therefrom, comprising a casing defining a cylindrical chamber having longitudinally spaced ports for the entry and exit respectively of material to and from the chamber, a shaft journalled for rotation within the chamber on the axis thereof and carrying a plurality of mutually spaced paddle elements at least some of which are given different screwpitch settings selected so that, in use, rotation of the shaft and paddles causes material in the chamber to be conveyed from the entry port to the exit port along paths portions of which are re-entrant with respect to the longitudinal direction of said axis, and means adapted and arranged for heating material within the chamber, said means comprising a plurality of annular heating elements arranged within the chamber co-axially with and spaced along the said axis and spaced radially from the shaft and from the casing.
Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a plant for the continuous production of fish meal and incorporating apparatus as aforesaid.
An embodiment of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principal treatment stages in a plant for the continuous production of fish meal and incorporating a drying apparatus in accordance with the present invention; Figure 2 is a part-sectional elevation of parts of the Figure 1 drying apparatus to a larger scale; Figure 3 is a sectional elevation of part of the apparatus of Figure 2 on the line A-A in Figure 2 and to a larger scale than Figure 2; Figure 4 is a sectional view on the line B-B in Figure 2 and to a still larger scale; Figure 5 is a diagram showing the angular settings of paddle elements, and Figure 6 is a diagram showing the screwpitch settings of paddle elements.
In Figure 1, raw material for the continuous production of fish meal is fed by means of a belt conveyor 10 to the intake 11 of a continuous cooker unit 12. The material is continuously moved through the cooker unit 12 by means of conveying elements (not shown) carried around by a rotatable shaft 13. The cooker unit 12 is provided with steam heating means (not shown). Cooked material and liquor pass from an outlet 14 of the cooker unit 12 by means of conveying elements (not shown) carried around by a rotatable shaft 13. The cooker unit 12 is provided with steam heating means (not shown). Cooked material and liquor pass from an outlet 14 of the cooker unit 12 to a continuously driven screw press 15 from which pressliquor is extracted by way of a manifold and pipe assembly 16, and press-cake is delivered from an outlet 17.The press-cake passes to an inlet 18 of a drying apparatus 19 and is treated therein to remove volatile liquid as is described in greater detail herebelow. Dried meal passes from an outlet 20 of the drying apparatus 19 to a grinding mill 21 wherefrom ground meal is delivered to a weighing and bagging apparatus indicated generally by a reference numeral 22.
In Figures 2 to 6 inclusive of the drawings, the drying apparatus 19 consists of a casing 23 defining a cylindrical chamber 24. The inlet 18 and outlet 20 of the drying apparatus 19 are not shown in Figure 2, but their respective positions in Figure 2 are indicated by their appropriate reference numerals. A shaft 25 is arranged for rotation co-axially within the chamber 24, the opposite end portions of the shaft 25 being journalled in bearings (not shown) carried by end plates (not shown) which may be bolted to flanges 26.
At the end of the shaft 25 adjacent the inlet 18, the shaft carries a helical flight 27 which is provided for the purpose of assisting the introduction of press-cake into the interior of the chamber 24. The shaft 25 also carries a plurality of paddle elements 28 which are mounted on the outer ends of radially projecting arms 29 the inner ends of which are attached to the shaft 25. The radial arms 29 with their paddle elements 28 are mutually spaced both longitudinally and angularly with respect to the axis of the shaft 25. Only two paddle elements are drawn in Figure 2, but the positions of the paddle elements 28 are indicated in Figure 2 by letters a to I inclusive and the corresponding angular settings are shown in Figure 5.Although not illustrated in Figure 2, some of the paddle elements 28 are given screw-pitch settings and these settings are as indicated in Figure 6. It will be noted that the paddle elements 28 in positions a b c fg j k I are given "positive" screw-pitch settings, that is to say, the settings are such as to give to material within the chamber 24 a component of movement in a direction towards the outlet 20. It will also be noted that the paddle elements 28 in the positions d and h are given "negative" screwpitch settings; and that paddle elements 28 in positions e and i are given "neutral" settings.
The end of the shaft 25 adjacent the outlet 20 carries a discharge member 30 which is adapted and arranged for the purpose of pushing dried material through the outlet 20.
The shaft 25 also carries heating means in the form of a series of annular heating elements 31, of which four are shown in Figure 2, each of which is tubular and communicates with ducts in the interior of the shaft 25 for the passage of steam. The structure of the heating elements 31 and the nature of the heating arrangements is depicted more particularly in Figures 3 and 4 in which it can be seen that each heating element 31 consists of a tube or pipe having closed ends and bent to an annular configuration. Each element 31 is carried on the shaft 25 by means of steam supply and condensate ducts 32 and 33 respectively. A main condensate duct 34 is carried within the hollow interior of the shaft 25 by means of peripherally-notched end supports 35, one end of the main condensate duct 34 being closed by a cap 36.The peripheral notches of the supports 35 are indicated by reference numeral 35A. In Figure 4, it can be seen that the condensate ducts 33 extend through the wall of the shaft 25 and communicate with the interior of the main condensate duct 34. The end assemblies 37 and 38 of the shaft 25 are provided with steam supply and condensate ducts 39 and 40 respectively.
The casing 23 is provided with a jacket 41 and manifold 42 (see Figure 1) in communication with the chamber 24 for the purpose of exhausting vapour from the chamber 24.
Figure 2 to 6 of the accompanying drawings are drawn to scale, and as a general indication as to dimensions it may be taken that the internal diameter of the cylindrical chamber 24 is of the order of 24 inches, and that the overall length of the chamber is of the order of 10 to 12 feet.
Operation of the drying apparatus is as follows: The shaft 25 is rotated as a speed of approximately 16 revolutions per minute while steam is supplied to the interior of the shaft 25 by way of the steam supply duct 39. Press cake, in a soft wet state, is introduced to the cylindrical chamber 24 by way of the inlet 18 and is engaged by the helical flight 27 and thereby moved rightwards in Figure 2 towards the paddles 28. During operation of the drying apparatus, it should be noted that all of the paddles 28 effect stirring of material within the cylindrical chamber 24 thereby to maximise the quantity of the material brought into contact with the heating elements 31. Whereas the paddles 28 in positions a b and c impart some rightward component of motion to the press cake material, the paddle 28 at position d, which is given a "negative" screw-pitch setting, imparts a leftward component of motion and thereby introduces a re-entrant characteristic in the flow-path of the press cake material at that point. This "negative" setting of the paddle at position d in conjunction with the "neutral" setting of the paddle at position e effectively increases the length of the flow-path of the material within the chamber 24.
The same effect is produced by the paddles 28 at positions h and i. It will be noted that the algebraic or arithmetic total of the screwpitch settings of the paddles 28 is biased to produce a generally rightward feeding movement of material within the chamber 24. However, the reentrant characteristic of the material flow-path brought about by the "negatively" set paddles, in conjunction with the stirring effect of the paddles, improves the thermal efficiency of the drying apparatus and enables the overall length of the apparatus to be reduced compared with proposals hitherto.Moreover, since the paddles 28 do not impart a positive feeding motion to material within the chamber 24, the stress loadings on the components of the apparatus are reduced as compared with those encountered with more positive feeding arrangements; and also the delivery rate of dried material at the outlet 20 may be controlled by varying the size of the outlet 20 by means of a simple shutter arrangement without causing any undue pressure build-up within the chamber 24. Finally, the exact screw-pitch settings of the paddles 28 may be adjusted to suit the changing consistency of the press cake brought about by the drying process.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. Apparatus for the continuous treatment of comminuted or mashed material to remove volatile liquid therefrom, comprising a casing defining a cylindrical chamber having longitudinally spaced ports for the entry and exit respectively of material to and from the chamber, a shaft joumalled for rotation within the chamber on the axis thereof and carrying a plurality of mutually spaced paddle elements at least some of which are given different screwpitch settings selected so that, in use, rotation of the shaft and paddles causes material in the chamber to be conveyed from the entry port to the exit port along paths portions of which are re-entrant with respect to the longitudinal direction of said axis, and means adapted and arranged for heating material within the chamber, said heating means comprising a plurality of annular heating elements arranged within the chamber co-axially with the spaced along the said axis and spaced radially from the shaft and from the casing.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the annular heating elements are carried by the shaft and are tubular and communicate with ducts in the shaft for the passage of steam or other heating fluid.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the paddle elements are adjustably mounted on respective radial arms each secured to the shaft.
4. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the paddle elements are disposed along a substantially helical path with respect to the shaft axis.
5. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the paddle elements are disposed at positions which are equiangularly spaced as viewed along the shaft axis.
6. Apparatus for the continuous treatment of comminuted or mashed material to remove volatile liquid therefrom, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in the accompanying drawings.
7. A plant for the continuous production of fish meal and incorporating apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (7)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. the reentrant characteristic of the material flow-path brought about by the "negatively" set paddles, in conjunction with the stirring effect of the paddles, improves the thermal efficiency of the drying apparatus and enables the overall length of the apparatus to be reduced compared with proposals hitherto. Moreover, since the paddles 28 do not impart a positive feeding motion to material within the chamber 24, the stress loadings on the components of the apparatus are reduced as compared with those encountered with more positive feeding arrangements; and also the delivery rate of dried material at the outlet 20 may be controlled by varying the size of the outlet 20 by means of a simple shutter arrangement without causing any undue pressure build-up within the chamber 24.Finally, the exact screw-pitch settings of the paddles 28 may be adjusted to suit the changing consistency of the press cake brought about by the drying process. WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. Apparatus for the continuous treatment of comminuted or mashed material to remove volatile liquid therefrom, comprising a casing defining a cylindrical chamber having longitudinally spaced ports for the entry and exit respectively of material to and from the chamber, a shaft joumalled for rotation within the chamber on the axis thereof and carrying a plurality of mutually spaced paddle elements at least some of which are given different screwpitch settings selected so that, in use, rotation of the shaft and paddles causes material in the chamber to be conveyed from the entry port to the exit port along paths portions of which are re-entrant with respect to the longitudinal direction of said axis, and means adapted and arranged for heating material within the chamber, said heating means comprising a plurality of annular heating elements arranged within the chamber co-axially with the spaced along the said axis and spaced radially from the shaft and from the casing.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the annular heating elements are carried by the shaft and are tubular and communicate with ducts in the shaft for the passage of steam or other heating fluid.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the paddle elements are adjustably mounted on respective radial arms each secured to the shaft.
4. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the paddle elements are disposed along a substantially helical path with respect to the shaft axis.
5. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the paddle elements are disposed at positions which are equiangularly spaced as viewed along the shaft axis.
6. Apparatus for the continuous treatment of comminuted or mashed material to remove volatile liquid therefrom, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in the accompanying drawings.
7. A plant for the continuous production of fish meal and incorporating apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
GB18162/77A 1978-04-20 1978-04-20 Continuous drying apparatus Expired GB1581859A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB18162/77A GB1581859A (en) 1978-04-20 1978-04-20 Continuous drying apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB18162/77A GB1581859A (en) 1978-04-20 1978-04-20 Continuous drying apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB1581859A true GB1581859A (en) 1980-12-31

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GB18162/77A Expired GB1581859A (en) 1978-04-20 1978-04-20 Continuous drying apparatus

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0231584A1 (en) * 1986-01-25 1987-08-12 Kubota Limited Screw conveyor type drying apparatus
EP0722671A1 (en) * 1994-12-21 1996-07-24 Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. Food product powder
AU2020204230B2 (en) * 2016-02-19 2021-08-12 Regreen Technologies, Inc. Apparatus for pressing and dehydrating of waste

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0231584A1 (en) * 1986-01-25 1987-08-12 Kubota Limited Screw conveyor type drying apparatus
US4761897A (en) * 1986-01-25 1988-08-09 Kubota, Ltd. Screw conveyor type drying apparatus
EP0722671A1 (en) * 1994-12-21 1996-07-24 Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. Food product powder
US5616356A (en) * 1994-12-21 1997-04-01 Nestec S.A. Process for milling, dehydrating and deodorizing plant fiber residues
AU2020204230B2 (en) * 2016-02-19 2021-08-12 Regreen Technologies, Inc. Apparatus for pressing and dehydrating of waste
US11718057B2 (en) 2016-02-19 2023-08-08 Regreen Technologies, Inc. Apparatus for pressing and dehydrating of waste

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PS Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949]
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee