GB1573919A - Method and apparatus for disinfecting - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for disinfecting Download PDF

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Publication number
GB1573919A
GB1573919A GB5431276A GB5431276A GB1573919A GB 1573919 A GB1573919 A GB 1573919A GB 5431276 A GB5431276 A GB 5431276A GB 5431276 A GB5431276 A GB 5431276A GB 1573919 A GB1573919 A GB 1573919A
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Prior art keywords
chamber
disinfecting
gas
formaldehyde
neutralisation
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GB5431276A
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Detec SA
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Detec SA
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/16Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
    • A61L2/20Gaseous substances, e.g. vapours
    • A61L2/204Formaldehyde

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)

Description

(54) METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DISINFECTING (71) We, SOCIETE DETEC S. A., a Swiss Company, of 18, Place Cornavin, Geneve, Switzerland, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for disinfecting, by the action of formaldehyde, such items as for example medical apparatus which may be the seat of pathogenic germs and which may therefore require regular disinfection.
The invention relates more especially to an apparatus for disinfecting medical apparatus, such as in particular an artificial respirator by the action of formaldehyde.
When an artificial respiration or reanimation apparatus is subjected to disinfection by formaldehyde, the crystalline hexamethylene-tetramine produced by the ammonia neutralising the formaldehyde is deposited in the pipes of the apparatus and may hinder the later functioning thereof and impede the perfect regularity of the patient's breathing.
In addition, the hexamethylenetetramine which is a mild antiseptic thus slightly toxic, may in the long run provoke pulmonary disorders as it is inhaled with the air from the respirator apparatus into the patient's lungs.
There is provided according to the invention a process for disinfecting medical apparatus comprising emitting formaldehyde gas into a disinfecting chamber, and at the end of the disinfecting cycle evacuating formaldehyde gas from the disinfecting chamber by injecting into said disinfecting chamber a stream of rinsing gas which has previously been brought to a temperature in the range 300 to 40"C so that formaldehyde gas is removed from the disinfecting chamber without polymerisation and without formation of a deposit of trioxymethylene. Preferably the rinsing gas is air, preferably at a temperature in the range 32 to 360C.
Further there is provided according to the invention an apparatus, for the disinfecting of medical apparatus by the action of formaldehyde in accordance with the above process comprising: a disinfecting chamber, adapted to be hermetically closed after the apparatus to be disinfected has been placed therein, the disinfecting chamber comprising a source of formaldehyde gas, which is capable of spreading within said disinfecting chamber, and a source of rinsing gas, which causes the formaldehyde gas inside the disinfecting chamber to be evacuated therefrom so rinsing the atmosphere inside the disinfecting chamber.
According to another feature of the invention, the installation is preferably associated with an auxiliary chamber communicating with said enclosure and adapted to receive, at the end of the disinfection cycle, the formaldehyde fumes coming from the disinfecting enclosure, said auxiliary chamber comprising a source of ammonia fumes for neutralising the formaldehyde fumes.
One embodiment of the invention will now be illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying illustrative drawings, in which: Figure 1 shows a schematic view of the different functions of an apparatus according to the invention; Figure 2A shows a perspective view of a compartment of an apparatus according to the invention, when open, and Figure 2B shows the same compartment with the doors closed.
Figure 3 shows the electrical diagram representing the various control and signalling elements of the various members of which the apparatus according to the invention is composed.
Referring now to the drawings, Figures 1 and 2 show an installation for disinfecting various items, particularly medical apparatus, composed of a compartment 1, generally parallelepipedic in form and defined by two side walls, a bottom or floor and a top or ceiling; two opposite doors 2 and 2' constitute the entrance and exit respectively of the apparatus, thus allowing the contaminated apparatus to arrive from a soiled one and leave in an aseptic or clean one at the end of the disinfection cycle.
The apparatus to be disinfected will therefore be kept in the compartment 1 for the time necessary for the disinfectant to act.
The compartment is preheated, in known manner, by resistor 3; the actuation of said latter enables a temperature to be obtained of from 30 to 40"C so as to bring the walls of the apparatus placed inside the compartment and subjected to disinfection to a temperature of about 35"C, this being particularly suitable for an effective action of the formaldehyde without the formation of its trimer, trioxymethylene; if the temperature is too low and the relative humidity is too low, said trioxymethylene may in fact be formed as crystals deposited on the walls of the apparatus to be disinfected; the polymeric form of the formaldehyde thus constituted would then be subjected to sublimation with subsequent emission of secondary or induced formaldehyde when the apparatus is used, and its toxic action would therefore be feared.
In order to obtain the desired relative humidity inside the compartment 1, a member for regulating the rate of humidity, e.g. in the form of a container 4 subjected to the action of a heater element 5, enables the desired relative humidity to be maintained in the compartment; the resistors 3 and 5 are subjected to a thermostatic regulation as will be described hereinbelow with reference to Figure 3.
Inside the compartment 1, the formaldehyde is emitted by the action of the resistor 6 forming a heating plate and raising the temperature of the beaker 7 containing trioxymethylene, i.e. the trimeric form of formaldehyde which emits monomeric formaldehyde when sublimating by rise in temperature.
A pipe 8 is provided for blowing air into the enclosure or compartment 1 and it injects air therein which is intended to ensure an excessive pressure inside the compartment at the end of the disinfection cycle.
To this end, when the action of the formaldehyde is prolonged during the programmed time which corresponds to the optimum conditions of disinfection of the apparatus placed in the compartment, the pressurised air is injected through the electrovalve 28; in order to avoid a drop in temperature within the compartment, which would risk the formation of the trimeric formaldehyde, the pipe 8 is associated with a resistor 9 which raises the temperature of the rinsing gas injected into the enclosure, raising it to a temperature close to 400 C; this air comes from a turbine 10 and it is purified by passage over a filter !i, then decontaminated by passage in a compartment 12 with UV tubes 13, 13'.
The compartment or enclosure 1 is associated with a secondary chamber 14 which is advantageously located thereabove; to this end, a channel 15 opens into the chamber 14 which it places in communication with the compartment 1 with the interposition of an electrovalve 16, preferably associated with a non-return valve.
The excessive pressure provoked in the compartment 1 will allow the mixture of air and formaldehyde fumes contained therein to be driven towards chamber 14; however, a pump 18 of the vacuum pump type may also be provided in pipe 15, consequently enabling the fumes to be sucked from the compartment 1 into the neutralisation chamber 14.
The source of ammonia fumes is located near the opening of the passage -15 from the compartment 1 to the chamber 14. This is preferably a container, e.g. a beaker 19 containing an aqueous solution of ammonia and associated with a heater element 20.
The ammonia fumes thus emitted will mix with the formaldehyde fumes leaving the compartment 1 and the reaction of neutralisation with the formation of hexamethylene-tetramine will thus occur in the neutralisation chamber 14; to multiply the contacts of the two reagents (formaldehyde and ammonia) and in order to reduce the speed of the gaseous stream by increasing the dwell time in the neutralisation chamber, baffles 21, 21', 21" are positioned in the chamber 14, thus obliging the gaseous stream to follow a zigzag path from the opening of the chamber 15 guiding the formaldehyde fumes in the neutralisation chamber to the evacuation thereof towards the atmosphere through the outlet 22 provided with the electrovalve 23.
The doors 2 and 2' are obviously provided with gaskets to avoid any loss or leakage of formaldehyde from the inside of the compartment.
Ramps (one of which is shown), 24, forming an inclined plane are associated with each door so as to allow the apparatus to be disinfected to be easily rolled into the compartment.
Portholes 25, 25' disposed on the front and rear doors enable the interior of the compartment to be supervised from the outside, whilst a "glove" type device 26 also enables items inside the compartment to be handled from the outside.
A control board 26 enables the different successive phases of functioning of the apparatus to be displayed and controlled by pressing on control buttons.
The apparatus to be disinfected, e.g. an artificial respirator, is introduced through door 2 into the interior of the compartment; the two doors 2 and 2' are closed and a cycle of heating and humidity regulation begins for a preregulated period so as to bring the interior of the compartment to the desired temperature and relative humidity; for example, a temperature of the order of 35"C and a relative humidity of the order of 75%, these conditions avoiding the formation of polymerised formaldehyde.
The functioning of the apparatus will be described hereinafter with reference to Figure 3.
By acting on starter button M, the telebreaker A allows the general 20 amps switch F to function; this latter trigger the time-switch B of 45 minutes corresponding to the time for the heater element 3, the thermostat device associated therewith, as well as the humidity regulation assembly 4 and 5 to be switched on and operate; at the end of the preparatory cycle of 45 minutes, the interior of the compartment and the apparatus subjected to disinfection which it contains, are brought to the optimum conditions of temperature and relative humidity, i.e. substantially 35 to 40"C and 75% respectively.
At the end of the 45 minute preheating period, the time-switch B triggers a timed relay C of 3 seconds which will automatically stop the assembly at the end of the cycle. A contact of the relay C starts off the fast motor Ml which positions the cam 30: the cycle commences and the rest contact of the cam 31 triggers the heating of the resistor 6 causing the formaldehyde fumes to be emitted; to this end, the sublimation of the trioxymethylene contained in the beaker 7 provokes the emission of formaldehyde fumes (more stable than the formaldehyde in liquid solution); the resistor 6 is a heater element of 300W thermostat 1500C maximum, in order not to degrade the product.
After twenty minutes of sublimation, the formaldehyde fumes have developed in the compartment and the period of contact of the fumes in the disinfection enclosure, which has been previously selected on the keyboard by pressing one of keys: 3 hours, 6 hours or 9 hours, is started. Whatever the cycle chosen, operation is ensured by the slow motor M2.
At the end of the contact time, the cam 32 actuates its contact in position R, this having for its effect to apply a voltage of 220V on the 300W heater element 20 which consequently heats the beaker 19 containing a solution of ammonia. The duration of evaporation of the ammonia is also twenty minutes. The emission of ammonia in the auxiliary neutralisation chamber 14 is effected by means of a pump 18 which is turned on for a duration varying from 30 minutes to one hour. At the same time, a first electrovalve 16 is actuated in order to suck the fumes contained in the compartment and which are constituted by hot, humid air containing formaldehyde fumes.The second electrovalve 23 will be actuated after an adjustable delay time (of the order of a few seconds) following the actuation of the electrovalve 16, in order thus to ensure the evacuation of the gases, i.e. the air containing hexamethylene tetramine, resulting from the neutralisation of the formaldehyde by ammonia, to the outside, but after separation of the solid hexamethylene-tetramine.
At the end of the disinfection, neutralisation and rinsing cycle, the slow motor M2, by the position of the cams, stops pump 18 (for delivering formaldehyde towards the neutralisation enclosure) and pump 10 (for injecting rinsing gas) with closure of the electrovalves 16, 28 and 23; the slow motor then continues to rotate in order to position the cams for subsequent cycle and the timed relay E selects the stop of the cycle.
Various warning lights enable the development of the cycle to be followed; as shown in the diagram of Figure 3 and in Figure 2B, the warning lights are as follows; Vl Start V2 Preheating V3 Hygrometric regulation V4 Fast Motor (Ml) V5 Slow motor (M2) V6 Formaldehyde cycle 9 hours (contact time of the formaldehyde fumes) V7 Formaldehyde cycle 3 hours (contact time of the formaldehyde fumes) V8 Formaldehyde cycle 6 hours (contact time of the formaldehyde fumes) V9 Emission of ammonia V10 Delivery pump (either pump 18 or pump 10 or both) V1 1 Emission of the formaldehyde.
The return to zero may be triggered off and the fast motor Ml may be started up again by disconnecting the slow motor M2 cams return to position at the end of the cycle.
It will be noted that upon each stop (voluntary or otherwise) such as for example due to a power cut, the heating and relative humidity regulating cycle is automatically re-established for its duration of 45 minutes as soon as the current returns. Under these circumstances, the cycle will continue from where it was cut, but after said preheating the relative humidity regulation period of 45 minutes; during this time, no return to zero can be effected.
In this way, the development of formaldehyde in the compartment under temperature conditions which would not be optimum and which would lead to the deposit of trioxymethylene crystals inside the apparatus to be disinfected, is avoided.
The disinfection of the apparatus does not require any prior dismantling and thus avoids loss of time.
A female socket may be provided inside the compartment for connecting an electrically operated medical apparatus such as a respirator, thus enabling this apparatus to operate during the disinfection period in order to allow a circulation of the formaldehyde fumes inside said apparatus.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. A process for disinfecting medical apparatus comprising emitting formaldehyde gas into a disinfecting chamber and, at the end of the disinfecting cycle evacuating formaldehyde gas from the disinfecting chamber by injecting into said disinfecting chamber a stream of rinsing gas which has previously been brought to a temperature in the range 300 to 400C so that formaldehyde gas is removed from the disinfecting chamber without polymerisation and without formation of a deposit of trioxymethylene.
2. A process as claimed in Claim 1, in which the rinsing gas is air.
3. A process as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2 in which the rinsing gas is brought to a temperature in the range of 32 to 360C.
4. A process as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims comprising guiding the formaldehyde gas from the disinfecting chamber towards an auxiliary neutralisation chamber placed in communication with the disinfecting chamber, the auxiliary chamber receiving ammonia gas to provide neutralisation of the formaldehyde so forming hexamethylene-tetramine inside the neutralisation chamber, the disinfecting chamber being totally evacuated of active formaldehyde gas by the rinsing gas, and at the end of a disinfecting, neutralisation and rinsing cycle any deposit hexamethylenetetramine is formed in the auxiliary chamber.
5. An apparatus, for the disinfecting of medical apparatus by the action of formaldehyde in accordance with a process as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims comprising: a disinfecting chamber, adapted to be hermetically closed after the apparatus to be disinfected has been placed therein, the disinfecting chamber comprising a source of formaldehyde gas, which is capable of spreading within said disinfecting chamber, and a source of rinsing gas, which causes the formaldehyde gas inside the disinfecting chamber to be evacuated therefrom so rinsing the atmosphere inside the disinfecting chamber.
6. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 5, in which the source of rinsing gas comprises an air inlet pipe penetrating the disinfecting chamber and being associated with a source of heat for raising the temperature of the rinsing gas to its optimum value, with disinfecting means such as a decontamination compartment with UV tubes and with means adapted to regulate the flow of rinsing gas passing through the pipe and being conveyed into the disinfecting chamber.
7. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 6, in which the means adapted to regulate the flow of rinsing gas passing through the pipe is a pump with an electro valve.
8. An apparatus as claimed in any one of Claims 5 to 7, comprising an auxiliary neutralisation chamber associated and communicating with the disinfecting chamber said auxiliary chamber being adapted to receive, at the end of a disinfecting cycle, formaldehyde gas coming from the disinfecting chamber, the auxiliary chamber including a source of ammonia gas for neutralising a formaldehyde gas.
9. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 8, in which the auxiliary neutralisation chamber includes a passage associated with an electro valve enabling the auxiliary chamber to be placed in communication with the disinfecting chamber and responsive to the disinfecting, neutralisation and rinsing cycle the passage further including a non-return valve for allowing formaldehyde gas to be conveyed to the neutralisation chamber and opposing the return of the formaldehyde gas from the neutralisation chamber to the disinfecting chamber.
10. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 8 or Claim 9, in which the passage of communication between the disinfecting chamber and the auxiliary chamber comprises a pump for removing gas from the disinfecting chamber and delivering said gas to the auxiliary chamber.
11. An apparatus as claimed in any one of Claims 8 to 10, in which the auxiliary chamber comprises a container for an ammonia solution, said container being associated with temperature raising means to provide ammonia gas for neutralising the formaldehyde gas from the disinfecting chamber, the auxiliary chamber further comprising baffles adapted to retard and extend the path of the ammonia gas and the formaldehyde gas in the auxiliary chamber by increasing the contacts between the two
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (16)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. minutes; during this time, no return to zero can be effected. In this way, the development of formaldehyde in the compartment under temperature conditions which would not be optimum and which would lead to the deposit of trioxymethylene crystals inside the apparatus to be disinfected, is avoided. The disinfection of the apparatus does not require any prior dismantling and thus avoids loss of time. A female socket may be provided inside the compartment for connecting an electrically operated medical apparatus such as a respirator, thus enabling this apparatus to operate during the disinfection period in order to allow a circulation of the formaldehyde fumes inside said apparatus. WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A process for disinfecting medical apparatus comprising emitting formaldehyde gas into a disinfecting chamber and, at the end of the disinfecting cycle evacuating formaldehyde gas from the disinfecting chamber by injecting into said disinfecting chamber a stream of rinsing gas which has previously been brought to a temperature in the range 300 to 400C so that formaldehyde gas is removed from the disinfecting chamber without polymerisation and without formation of a deposit of trioxymethylene.
2. A process as claimed in Claim 1, in which the rinsing gas is air.
3. A process as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2 in which the rinsing gas is brought to a temperature in the range of 32 to 360C.
4. A process as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims comprising guiding the formaldehyde gas from the disinfecting chamber towards an auxiliary neutralisation chamber placed in communication with the disinfecting chamber, the auxiliary chamber receiving ammonia gas to provide neutralisation of the formaldehyde so forming hexamethylene-tetramine inside the neutralisation chamber, the disinfecting chamber being totally evacuated of active formaldehyde gas by the rinsing gas, and at the end of a disinfecting, neutralisation and rinsing cycle any deposit hexamethylenetetramine is formed in the auxiliary chamber.
5. An apparatus, for the disinfecting of medical apparatus by the action of formaldehyde in accordance with a process as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims comprising: a disinfecting chamber, adapted to be hermetically closed after the apparatus to be disinfected has been placed therein, the disinfecting chamber comprising a source of formaldehyde gas, which is capable of spreading within said disinfecting chamber, and a source of rinsing gas, which causes the formaldehyde gas inside the disinfecting chamber to be evacuated therefrom so rinsing the atmosphere inside the disinfecting chamber.
6. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 5, in which the source of rinsing gas comprises an air inlet pipe penetrating the disinfecting chamber and being associated with a source of heat for raising the temperature of the rinsing gas to its optimum value, with disinfecting means such as a decontamination compartment with UV tubes and with means adapted to regulate the flow of rinsing gas passing through the pipe and being conveyed into the disinfecting chamber.
7. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 6, in which the means adapted to regulate the flow of rinsing gas passing through the pipe is a pump with an electro valve.
8. An apparatus as claimed in any one of Claims 5 to 7, comprising an auxiliary neutralisation chamber associated and communicating with the disinfecting chamber said auxiliary chamber being adapted to receive, at the end of a disinfecting cycle, formaldehyde gas coming from the disinfecting chamber, the auxiliary chamber including a source of ammonia gas for neutralising a formaldehyde gas.
9. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 8, in which the auxiliary neutralisation chamber includes a passage associated with an electro valve enabling the auxiliary chamber to be placed in communication with the disinfecting chamber and responsive to the disinfecting, neutralisation and rinsing cycle the passage further including a non-return valve for allowing formaldehyde gas to be conveyed to the neutralisation chamber and opposing the return of the formaldehyde gas from the neutralisation chamber to the disinfecting chamber.
10. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 8 or Claim 9, in which the passage of communication between the disinfecting chamber and the auxiliary chamber comprises a pump for removing gas from the disinfecting chamber and delivering said gas to the auxiliary chamber.
11. An apparatus as claimed in any one of Claims 8 to 10, in which the auxiliary chamber comprises a container for an ammonia solution, said container being associated with temperature raising means to provide ammonia gas for neutralising the formaldehyde gas from the disinfecting chamber, the auxiliary chamber further comprising baffles adapted to retard and extend the path of the ammonia gas and the formaldehyde gas in the auxiliary chamber by increasing the contacts between the two
reagents so providing a complete neutralisation of the formaldehyde gas by the ammonia gas.
12. An apparatus as claimed in any one of Claims 8 to 11. in which the auxiliary chamber is in communication with the atmosphere through an opening allowing the evacuation of the residue layer after neutralisation of the formaldehyde gas by the ammonia gas and formation of hexamethyl-tetramine in said auxiliary chamber, said auxiliary chamber comprising means adapted to retain the crystalised tetramethylene-tetramine resulting from the combination of the formaldehyde gas from the ammonia gas.
13. An apparatus as claimed in any one of Claims 5 to 12, in which the disinfecting chamber includes two doors disposed on opposite walls of the chamber, one for the entrance of the apparatus to be disinfected and the other for the exit of the apparatus to be disinfected, the disinfecting chamber thus forming a lock between a contaminated zone and a septic or decontaminated zone.
14. An apparatus as claimed in any one of Claims 5 to 13, in which the disinfecting chamber includes a female socket inside said chamber for connecting an electrically operated medical apparatus to an electrical source so allowing the medical apparatus to operate during a disinfecting, neutralisation and rinsing cycle in order to allow a circulation of the formaldehyde gas inside said medical apparatus.
15. A process for disinfecting medical apparatus substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying illustrative drawings.
16. An apparatus for disinfecting medical apparatus substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying illustrative drawings.
GB5431276A 1976-12-30 1976-12-30 Method and apparatus for disinfecting Expired GB1573919A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB5431276A GB1573919A (en) 1976-12-30 1976-12-30 Method and apparatus for disinfecting

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB5431276A GB1573919A (en) 1976-12-30 1976-12-30 Method and apparatus for disinfecting

Publications (1)

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GB1573919A true GB1573919A (en) 1980-08-28

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB5431276A Expired GB1573919A (en) 1976-12-30 1976-12-30 Method and apparatus for disinfecting

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GB (1) GB1573919A (en)

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