GB1571107A - Coal gasification plant - Google Patents

Coal gasification plant Download PDF

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Publication number
GB1571107A
GB1571107A GB3422276A GB3422276A GB1571107A GB 1571107 A GB1571107 A GB 1571107A GB 3422276 A GB3422276 A GB 3422276A GB 3422276 A GB3422276 A GB 3422276A GB 1571107 A GB1571107 A GB 1571107A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
hearth
slag
annular
outlet
tap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB3422276A
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British Gas Corp
Original Assignee
British Gas Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by British Gas Corp filed Critical British Gas Corp
Priority to GB3422276A priority Critical patent/GB1571107A/en
Publication of GB1571107A publication Critical patent/GB1571107A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C10J3/08—Continuous processes with ash-removal in liquid state
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C10J3/76—Water jackets; Steam boiler-jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Description

(54) IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO COAL GASIFICATION PLANT (71) We, BRITISH GAS CORPORA TION, of 59 Bryanston Street, London, W1A 2AZ, a British Body Corporate, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention relates to coal gasification plant, and more particularly to a hearth arrangement for use in slagging gasifier plants of the kind (hereinafter referred to as the kind specified) in which coal, or other carbonaceous fuel, is introduced into the top of a column- like gasifying vessel and is gasified under high pressure and temperature by means of oxygen and steam introduced near the fuel bed through tuyeres.The residual ash collects as a molten slag and iron in the hearth of the gasifier vessel from which it is periodically discharged (commonly known as slag-tapping) downwardly through a slag tap outlet or orifice in the hearth into water contained in a quenching chamber.
Usually, a pool of molten slag and iron is maintained in the hearth by directing hot combustion products from a burner located beneath the slag tap orifice up the tap orifice to retain the pool of slag and iron in the hearth, the tapping of the molten slag and iron being initiated and controlled by stopping or reducing the pressure in the quenching chamber by controlled venting to atmosphere through its venting system so as to produce a differential pressure between the quenching chamber and the gasifier vessel.
Examples of such slagging gasifier plant are those disclosed in United Kingdom Patent Specification No. 977,122 and The Gas Council Research Communications No's GC 50 and GC 112.
During operation of such gasifiers, the slag tap outlet and hearth are subject to aggressive erosion, corrosion and thermal attack by the slag and iron. High temperatures and mobility of the slag and iron over the hearth regions during slag-tapping and slag-retention operations make the containment materials of the slag tap outlet and its immediate hearth areas )priina?il? subilvect~to erosion and thermal attack.
Our co-pending Patent Application No.
48806/75 (Serial No. 1,569,400) describes a slagging gasifier (of the kind defined therein) in which the slag-removal orifice is located centrally within the gasifier hearth and is formed in a removable slag tap member com prising a solid mass of high thermal con ductivity material having an integral passage way for circulating a coolant liquid through said mass and an inlet and outlet communicat- ing said passageway exteriorly of the mass.
Furthermore, our co-pending Patent Appli cation No. 11445/76 (Serial No. 1,569,297) describes a slagging gasifier (of the kind de fined therein) in which there is provided a removable annular hearth member shaped to fit over and around the slag-tap and comprise ing a solid mass of high thermal conductivity material having an integral passageway for circulating a coolant liquid through said mass and an inlet and outlet communicating said passageway exteriorly of the mass.
Such a slagitap outlet and hearth member considerably reduced the problems of erosion experience in this slag tapping region of the gasifier hearth, and an object of the present invention is to provide an improved hearth arraangement in the vicinity surrounding the slagtap burner.
The invention accordingly provides a hearth arrangement for a slagging gasifier of the kind specified, including in combination a metal slag-itap outlet, located centrally within the gasifier hearth, and an annular hearth member shaped to fit over and around the slag-tap outlet with its annular upper surface located below the upper rim of the slag-tap outlet so as to provide an annular recessed hearth region for the gasifier chamber bounded by the outer rim wall of the slag-tap outlet and the inner wall of the gasifier chamber, the slag-tap outlet and the hearth member each having water coolant conduits terminating in a water inlet and outlet The slag-tap outlet and the hearth member may each comprise an annular -metal body having an internally formed spiral water coolant conduit.
Although, in some cases, the annular hearth member may be constituted by the aforesaid water-cooled anular metal body alone, in a preferred arrangement the hearth member is provided by an assembly of said water-cooled annular metal body surmounted by a layer of refractory material, the upper surface of which is again located below the rim of the slag-tap outlet.
In use of such arrangements, the annular recessed hearth will allow a pool of molten slag to be constantly present below the rim level of the slag-tap. Since the surfaces of the recessed hearth region will be cooled by heat transfer to the water coolant through said conduits, then some of the molten slag pool will solidify adjacent these recessed hearth surfaces so as to form a protective layer against erosion and thermal attack. This protective layer of solidified or 'frozen' slag could not be 'washed' away during a slag-tapping operation since the moving high temperature liquid slag being tapped would pass over both it and the relatively cooler pool of slag retained in the annular recessed hearth.
Where for example, the annular metal bodies of the slag-tap outlet and -the hearth member are each formed internally with a water-coolant conduit as aforesaid, then preferably the conduit is formed by shaping a metal tube, the shaped tube then being assembled in a mould and the metal body cast in the mould. The cast body is suitably of copper or copper alloy, and the tube of nickel-chrome or nickel-chrome alloy.
In an alternative arrangement, in accordance with the present invention, the slagging gasifier may include a further slag removal outlet located at one side of the hearth so as to communicate with said annular recessed hearth region.
One embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the single figure of the accompanying diagrammatic drawing which is a general longi tudinal sectional elevation of the lower parts of a slagging gasifier chamber.
The gasifier has a refractory-lined pressur ised gasification chamber 10 into which coal is fed from the top. Oxygen and steam are introduced into the fuel bed (not shown) through tuyeres (not shown) to promote gasi cation of the coal. In use of the gasifier, a reservoir of molten slag and iron collects on a sloping hearth 12 and is periodically passed via a central orifice 14 formed in a slagntap outlet 16 into a water reservoir contained in a quenching chamber (not shown) where it is quenched before being transferred to a lock hopper (not shown) in the form of a dense small-grained frit.The region of the hearth surrounding the central slag tap 16 is provided with an annular copper hearth member 18 surmounted by a layer of refractory material 20, both of which have a slightly tapered central aperture 19 and 31 respectively which are arranged to fit over the frusto-conical outer surface 22 of the slag-tap 16, so that the upper surface of the refractory layer 20 is located below the upper outer rim of the slag tap outlet 16 so as to provide an annular recessed hearth region 23 for the purpose aforesaid. In this respect the layer of solidified slag 24 is shown adjacent the recessed hearth region 23.
The quenching chamber is attached to the bottom end of the gasification chamber 10 through the intermediary of a spacing member or sandwich flange 26. A metal tube 27 is fixed to, and extends upwardly from, the flange 26 and is fixed at its upper end to an annular metal block 28 which supports a ring-like gas burner 29 concentrically beneath the slag tap 16.
The central slag tap 16 and the annular hearth ring 18 are each provided with a spiral water coolant passage 31 and 32 respectively, terminating in external water inlets and outlets 33, 34 and 35, 36 respectively for connection to coolant water flow and return pipes 37 and 38.
The bodies of .the slag-tap outlet 16 and the annular hearth member 1ç8 are formed of copper or copper alloy which is cast around spirally wound water coolant tubes which provides said water coolant passage 3il, 32 respectively and which terminate as the inlet and outlet ports 3X3, 34 and 35, 3-6 respectively. The coolant tubes may be formed of nickel-chrome or nickel-chrome alloy and may also be of convuluted form to improve heat transfer.
The refractery-lined regions of the hearth 12 surrounding the water cooled copper hearth ring 18 together with the refractory layer 20 may also be provided with coolant water tubes, (not shown).
In a modification, a further outlet 42 may be provided for the removal of molten slag, at least from the annular recessed hearth region 23 of the gasifier.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. A hearth arrangement for a slagging gasifier of the kind specified, including in combination, a metal slag-tap outlet, located centrally within the gasifier hearth, and an annular hearth member shaped to fit over and around the slag-tap outlet with its annular upper surface located below the upper rim of the slagtap outlet so as to provide an annular recessed hearth region for the gasifier chamber bounded by the outer rim wall of the slag-tap outlet and the inner wall of the gasifier chamber, the slag-tap outlet and the hearth member each having water coolant conduits terminating in a water inlet and outlet 2. A hearth arrangement according to Claim 1, wherein the slag-tap outlet and hearth mem-
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (10)

  1. **WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **.
    may each comprise an annular -metal body having an internally formed spiral water coolant conduit.
    Although, in some cases, the annular hearth member may be constituted by the aforesaid water-cooled anular metal body alone, in a preferred arrangement the hearth member is provided by an assembly of said water-cooled annular metal body surmounted by a layer of refractory material, the upper surface of which is again located below the rim of the slag-tap outlet.
    In use of such arrangements, the annular recessed hearth will allow a pool of molten slag to be constantly present below the rim level of the slag-tap. Since the surfaces of the recessed hearth region will be cooled by heat transfer to the water coolant through said conduits, then some of the molten slag pool will solidify adjacent these recessed hearth surfaces so as to form a protective layer against erosion and thermal attack. This protective layer of solidified or 'frozen' slag could not be 'washed' away during a slag-tapping operation since the moving high temperature liquid slag being tapped would pass over both it and the relatively cooler pool of slag retained in the annular recessed hearth.
    Where for example, the annular metal bodies of the slag-tap outlet and -the hearth member are each formed internally with a water-coolant conduit as aforesaid, then preferably the conduit is formed by shaping a metal tube, the shaped tube then being assembled in a mould and the metal body cast in the mould. The cast body is suitably of copper or copper alloy, and the tube of nickel-chrome or nickel-chrome alloy.
    In an alternative arrangement, in accordance with the present invention, the slagging gasifier may include a further slag removal outlet located at one side of the hearth so as to communicate with said annular recessed hearth region.
    One embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the single figure of the accompanying diagrammatic drawing which is a general longi tudinal sectional elevation of the lower parts of a slagging gasifier chamber.
    The gasifier has a refractory-lined pressur ised gasification chamber 10 into which coal is fed from the top. Oxygen and steam are introduced into the fuel bed (not shown) through tuyeres (not shown) to promote gasi cation of the coal. In use of the gasifier, a reservoir of molten slag and iron collects on a sloping hearth 12 and is periodically passed via a central orifice 14 formed in a slagntap outlet 16 into a water reservoir contained in a quenching chamber (not shown) where it is quenched before being transferred to a lock hopper (not shown) in the form of a dense small-grained frit.The region of the hearth surrounding the central slag tap 16 is provided with an annular copper hearth member 18 surmounted by a layer of refractory material 20, both of which have a slightly tapered central aperture 19 and 31 respectively which are arranged to fit over the frusto-conical outer surface 22 of the slag-tap 16, so that the upper surface of the refractory layer 20 is located below the upper outer rim of the slag tap outlet
    16 so as to provide an annular recessed hearth region 23 for the purpose aforesaid. In this respect the layer of solidified slag 24 is shown adjacent the recessed hearth region 23.
    The quenching chamber is attached to the bottom end of the gasification chamber 10 through the intermediary of a spacing member or sandwich flange 26. A metal tube 27 is fixed to, and extends upwardly from, the flange 26 and is fixed at its upper end to an annular metal block 28 which supports a ring-like gas burner 29 concentrically beneath the slag tap 16.
    The central slag tap 16 and the annular hearth ring 18 are each provided with a spiral water coolant passage 31 and 32 respectively, terminating in external water inlets and outlets 33, 34 and 35, 36 respectively for connection to coolant water flow and return pipes 37 and 38.
    The bodies of .the slag-tap outlet 16 and the annular hearth member 1ç8 are formed of copper or copper alloy which is cast around spirally wound water coolant tubes which provides said water coolant passage 3il, 32 respectively and which terminate as the inlet and outlet ports 3X3, 34 and 35, 3-6 respectively. The coolant tubes may be formed of nickel-chrome or nickel-chrome alloy and may also be of convuluted form to improve heat transfer.
    The refractery-lined regions of the hearth 12 surrounding the water cooled copper hearth ring 18 together with the refractory layer 20 may also be provided with coolant water tubes, (not shown).
    In a modification, a further outlet 42 may be provided for the removal of molten slag, at least from the annular recessed hearth region 23 of the gasifier.
    WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. A hearth arrangement for a slagging gasifier of the kind specified, including in combination, a metal slag-tap outlet, located centrally within the gasifier hearth, and an annular hearth member shaped to fit over and around the slag-tap outlet with its annular upper surface located below the upper rim of the slagtap outlet so as to provide an annular recessed hearth region for the gasifier chamber bounded by the outer rim wall of the slag-tap outlet and the inner wall of the gasifier chamber, the slag-tap outlet and the hearth member each having water coolant conduits terminating in a water inlet and outlet
  2. 2. A hearth arrangement according to Claim 1, wherein the slag-tap outlet and hearth mem-
    ber each comprise an annular metal body having an internally formed spiral water coolant conduit.
  3. 3. A hearth arrangement according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein the hearth member is provided by an assembly of said water-cooled annular metal body surmounted by a layer of refractory material, the upper surface of which is located below the rim of the slagitap outlet.
  4. 4. A hearth arrangement according to Claim 2 or Claim 3, wherein the annular metal bodies of the slag-tap outlet and the hearth member are each formed by a shaped metal tube constituting said water coolant conduit, the shaped tube then being assembled in a mould and the metal body cast in the mould.
  5. 5. A hearth arrangement according to Claim 4, wherein the cast body of the slag-tap and hearth member annular metal bodies is of copper or copper alloy.
  6. 6. A hearth arrangement according to Claim 4 or Claim 5, wherein each coolant conduit tube of said annular metal bodies is of nickelchrome or nickel-chrome alloy.
  7. 7. A hearth arrangement according to any preceding Claim including a further slagremoval outlet located at one side of the hearth so as to communicate with said annular recessed hearth region.
  8. 8. A slagging gasifier of the kind specified hereinbefore incorporating a hearth arrangement according to any preceding Claim.
  9. 9. A hearth arrangement for a slagging gasiger of the kind specified substantially as shown in and as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
  10. 10. A slagging gasifier of the kind specified incorporating a hearth arrangement according to Claim 9, substantially as shown in and as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
GB3422276A 1977-05-26 1977-05-26 Coal gasification plant Expired GB1571107A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB3422276A GB1571107A (en) 1977-05-26 1977-05-26 Coal gasification plant

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB3422276A GB1571107A (en) 1977-05-26 1977-05-26 Coal gasification plant

Publications (1)

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GB1571107A true GB1571107A (en) 1980-07-09

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2290304A (en) * 1994-06-09 1995-12-20 British Gas Plc Coal slagging gasifier

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2290304A (en) * 1994-06-09 1995-12-20 British Gas Plc Coal slagging gasifier
US5630853A (en) * 1994-06-09 1997-05-20 British Gas Plc Coal slagging gasifier
GB2290304B (en) * 1994-06-09 1998-08-19 British Gas Plc Coal slagging gasifier

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PS Patent sealed
732 Registration of transactions, instruments or events in the register (sect. 32/1977)
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee