GB1565798A - Prefabricated walling system - Google Patents
Prefabricated walling system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1565798A GB1565798A GB2399475A GB2399475A GB1565798A GB 1565798 A GB1565798 A GB 1565798A GB 2399475 A GB2399475 A GB 2399475A GB 2399475 A GB2399475 A GB 2399475A GB 1565798 A GB1565798 A GB 1565798A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- members
- cast
- portions
- column
- wall
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
- E04B2/26—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element the walls being characterised by fillings in all cavities in order to form a wall construction
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H7/00—Construction or assembling of bulk storage containers employing civil engineering techniques in situ or off the site
- E04H7/22—Containers for fluent solids, e.g. silos, bunkers; Supports therefor
- E04H7/24—Constructions, with or without perforated walls, depending on the use of specified materials
- E04H7/26—Constructions, with or without perforated walls, depending on the use of specified materials mainly of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete or other stone-like materials
- E04H7/28—Constructions, with or without perforated walls, depending on the use of specified materials mainly of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete or other stone-like materials composed of special building elements
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
Description
(54) PREFABRICATED WALLING SYSTEM
(71) I, TREVOR FRANCIS LUX
TON, a British subject, of 45 Bedford Row,
London, WC1R 4LT, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:
This invention relates to a prefabricated walling system in which longitudinally extending members have end portions which when fitted together with end portions of other members or with make-up pieces provide columns which enable the members to be coupled together and give strength to the structure, to a cast member for use in the system and to methods of assembling the members.
It will be understood that, although the invention is described in the following general description with reference to particular embodiments, variations and modifications can be made within the scope of the invention claimed. Thus, although the end portions and make-up members shown have cross-sections which are substantially rectangular and are arranged with diagonals in line with the walls, other cross-sectional shapes which can readily be coupled together can be used. There is no reason, for example, why the faces of the end members should not be curved or stepped in plan view in such a way that they can be readily coupled with the curved or stepped faces of other associated members, in a similar manner to the shape of many wellknown Continental interlocking tiles.
According to one aspect of the invention there are provided first and second cast members when used in constructing a wall, the members each having a first portion constituing a part of the wall and a second portion constituting a part of a post or column, the second portion of each member having a hole, defined by a continuous surface, therethrough for the introduction of a reinforcing member extending throughout the height of the post or column and having a side surface abutting a side surface of the second portion of the other cast member to form a part of it post or column, the members being arranged such that each second portion can be removed from the post or column in which the said sides are in abutment by a movement of the respective member relative to the remaining part of the post or column in a horizontal direction.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a prefabricated walling system including first and second pluralities of cast members, each of the members having a first portion designed to constitute a part of a wall and a second portion designed to constitute a part of a post or column, the second portions each having a hole, defined by a continuous surface, therethrough for the introduction of a reinforcing member extending throughout the height of the wall, in which the first portions of the members in each plurality are arranged one above the other to provide a wall, and the second portions of one plurality each abut a side surface of the second portions of the other plurality to form parts of the post or column, the arrangement of the members being such that one of the said second portions can be removed from the post or column by movement of the respective member relative to the remaining part of the post or column in a longitudinal direction.
According to yet another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of assembling the first and second cast members defined above in such a way that the second portions of the members are arranged in abutment side by side to form a post or column, including the steps of introducing a respective reinforcing member into the vertically extending hole in each of the second portions of the first and second members and tying together the reinforcing members.
Embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figures 1, 2 and 3 are sketches illustrating horizontal plan views of assemblies forming columns or posts,
Figure 4 is a part cross-sectional view on the line A-A of Figure 1,
Figure 5 is an elevational view on the line
B-B of Figure 1 with a part of the assembly omitted,
Figure 6 is a side elevation of a member,
Figure 7 is a cross-section on the line C-C of Figure 6,
Figure 8 is a cross-section of an alternative member,
Figure 9 is a plan view of a part of the member shown in Figure 6,
Figure 10 is a side elevation of a member,
Figure 11 is a cross-section on the line
D-D of Figure 10,
Figure 12 is a plan view of a part of the member shown in Figure 10,
Figure 13 is a plan view of a part of a silo,
Figure 14 is a diagrammatic cross-section through a typical silo,
Figure 15 is a diagrammatic side elevation view of a wall assembly,
Figure 16 is a diagrammatic plan view of the assembly of Figure 15,
Figures 17 and 18 are diagrammatic plan and section views on the line E-E of Figure 17, respectively, of a part of a reservoir,
Figures 19 and 20 are diagrammatic plan and section views on the line F-F of Figure 19, respectively, of a storage tank structure,
Figures 21 and 22 are diagrammatic vertical sections through building structures,
Figure 23 is a sectional plan view on the lines 1-1 of Figures 21 and 22,
Figure 24 is a sectional plan view on the line 2-2 of Figure view or 21, Figure 25 is a sectional view on the line 3-3 of Figures 21 and 22,
Figure 26 is a diagrammatic vertical section of a typical edge detail,
Figures 27 and 28 are a diagrammatic end view and a plan view on the line K-K of
Figure 27, respectively, of a retaining wall, and
Figures 29 and 30 are a diagrammatic end view and a plan view on the line L-L of
Figure 29, respectively, of a further retaining wall.
Features of cast members, in accordance with the invention, will now be described, in principle, with reference to Figures 1 to 5 of the drawings. In Figure 1, there is shown a horizontal plan view taken on a vertical joint between four cast members, each having a first portion 1 constituting a part of a wall and a second portion 2 constituting a part of a post or column. Each of the second portions 2 has a hole 3 extending vertically therethrough and reinforcing bars 4 extending through the holes 3. The tops la of the first portions 1 are higher than the tops 29 of the second portions 2, and in the recessed region above the tops 2a of the second portions 2, stirrups 5 are wrapped around the reinforcing bars 4. The reinforcing bars 4 extend through a plurality of the cast members stacked one above the other.
Referring to Figure 2, there is shown a horizontal plan view of a further arrangment in which the three cast members having first portions 1 forming parts of respective walls and second portions 2 constituting parts of a post or column are made up with a unit 7 which completes the post or column. The unit 7 also has a hole 3 for reinforcement.
In yet another arrangement, shown in
Figure 3, two cast members having first portions 1 forming respective wall members and second portions 2 forming parts of a post or column are assembled with a makeup unit 8 shown in doted lines to form a complete post or column. The make-up unit 8 may not be structurally required, but it too has a hole 3 for reinforcing members which are tied by stirrups 5.
Referring to Figure 4 there is shown at 10 a section on the line A-A of Figure 1 through a first portion 1 of a cast member and at 11 a section through a first portion 1 of a further cast member arranged on top of the cast member 10. A vertically extending reinforcing bar 4 is shown passing through holes 3 in the portions 10 and 11 and between the portions 10 and 11 there are horizontal reinforcing members 4 and a sand/cement mortar mixture 12.
Figure 5 illustrates, at 13 and 14, an elevational view on the line B-B of Figure 1, with the member which would have been sectioned, omitted. Above the members 13 and 14, there are arranged members 15 and 16 and between the wall portions 1 of the upper and lower cast members there are pointed joints 17 and 18, while between the column portions 2 of the upper and lower members can be seen a stirrup 5. The region between the column portions 2 is filled with a sand/cement mortar mixture 12, as in the arrangement of Figure 4.
The thickness, depth or height and length of each of the cast members can be varied to suit various uses and loading conditions, and members can be provided with the column portion 2 at one end only. The cast members can be in either precast reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete or be cast on site.
The quality of the concrete and the size of the reinforcement or prestressing wires will be chosen according to the requirements in each case. For certain uses, it is possible to employ special light-weight aggregates, for example to provide sound and heat insulation, in casting the members.
The stability of an assembly made from the cast members depends to a large extent upon the method of vertical jointing between the cast members constituting the assembly.
Some basic forms of cast member will now be described with reference to Figures 6 to 13. In Figures 6, 7 and 9, there are shown views of one form of cast member having a first portion 1 designed to constitute a part of a wall and a second portion 2 designed to constitute a part of a column or post. Figure 7 shows clearly a tapered rebate 20 in the upper edge of the portion 1 and a rectangular and less deep projection 21 from the bottom of the unit. It will thus be seen that, when the portions 1 are placed one on top of the other, there will be space between the projection 21 and the rebate 20 for reinforcement and for grouting between the portions 1.
An alternative tapered cross-section of the portion 1 to that shown in Figure 7 is shown in Figure 8.
In Figures 10, 11 and 12, there is shown another design of cast member having a base portion 22 which can be used to act as a foot when the member is used at the bottom of a wall. A projection 23 is used to key the member into a base. A further use for this alternative design is to employ the member at a higher level so that the portion 22 projects from the surface of the wall and can be used in supporting other members, for example beams.
In one particular use, the cast members are employed in the construction of a silo. A plan view of a part of the silo construction is illustrated in Figure 13, where columns 24, constituted by the assembly of four portions 2 of cast members whose portions 1 form walls, are shown.
A vertical section through a part of a typical silo is shown in Figure 14, where columns 24 formed by portions 2 of cast members are illustrated, together with portions 1 forming walls. At one level, saddle members 25, of the type illustrated in
Figures 10 - 12, are used for supporting a base for the silo and at 26 steel bottoms for the silo are indicated. An opening is provided at 27 in a wall for use, for example, in housing a conveyor or providing a door, while at 28 an open form of construction is employed to enable access to be obtained to the silo bottom.
A method of erecting cast members will now be described with reference to Figures 15 and 16.
First reinforcement members 4. such as those indicated at 30 and 31, are cast accurately into a foundation 32 with, for example, the aid of a template. A sandl cement mortar mixture is then applied to the top of the foundation. A cast member 34, containing an array of holes 3 along its length, is then threaded over the reinforcement members 4. Horizontal reinforcement members 35, including those providing ties or stirrups for binding the vertically extending reinforcing members, are then placed in position and a sand/cement mortar mixture is applied to the top of the cast member 34.
A second cast member 36 is then bedded on top of the cast member 34 and vertically extending reinforcing members, as indicated at 37, are placed in position. The reinforcement members are then grouted-in to the top of the cast member 34, as indicated at 38.
It will be appreciated that to couple the cast members together horizontally, it is necessary for all of the members on one level at a junction to be erected together.
The method described above for erecting members 34 and 36 is repeated for the erection of subsequent members.
In Figures 17 and 18, there is shown diagrammatically a reservoir structure having walls 40 and 41 constructed of cast members having portions 1 and 2 as previously described and employign make-up members, as indicated at 42, to complete the columns of the wall 41. The wall 40 is provided with counterfort units 43. The reservoir structure has a pre-cast concrete slab roof supported on cast members 44, similar to that shown in Figures 6, 7 and 9, forming support beams which, in turn, are supported on pre-cast columns 45.
Referring to Figures 19 and 20, there is shown a tank structure. having walls constructed of standard cast members 48, of the type shown in Figures 6, 7 and 9. A roof 49 of pre-cast concrete slabs is supported on similar cast members 50 to those used for the walls and slabs forming the floor are supported on saddle members 51 similar to that described with reference to Figures 10, 11 and 12. The tank structure is supported on columns 52.
Figures 21 and 22 illustrate vertical sections through building structures having cross-walls cast in situ. In the structure of
Figure 21 two floors 55 and 56 represent a maisonette arrangement and the floor 57 represents a flat structure. In Figure 22 the floors of the building provide a general purpose structure which could be used for example to provide a hotel, nursing home or apartment.
Figure 23 illustrates a sectional plan view on the lines 1-1 of Figure 21 and Figure 22, in which a column is provided by portions 2 of cast members 60, 61 and 62 and make-up member 63. The walls are provided by portions 1 of the cast members and blocks 64 forming an inner skin.
A sectional plan view in Figure 24 on the line 2-2 of Figure 21 illustrates a coupling, by means of U-shaped bars 64a between wall portions 1 of three members 65, 66 and 67 cast in situ.
In Figure 25, there is shown a section on the lines 3-3 of Figures 21 and 22 illustrating wall portions 1 of vertical cast members 68 and 69 having floor unit supporting projections 71 and 72 (as shown at 22 in Figures 10 to 12 supporting pre-cast floor units 73 and 74. Reinforcement members 75 and 76 are provided vertically and horizontally respec timely In Figure 26 a vertical section through an outer wall portion 1 of cast members 80 and 81 illustrates a damp proof course member 82 extending from between the wall portions
1 to between a pre-cast floor unit 83 and an inner skin made of blocks 84. The floor unit 83 is supported at its ends not shown.
In Figures 27 and 28 a wall of cast members 86 having wall portions 1 and column portions 2 is shown, the columns being completed by make-up pieces 87 and the end 88 of a counterfort 89.
A further construction of a retaining wall section is shown in Figures 29 and 30 in which a wall is constructed of cast members 90 and 91 having wall portions 1 and column portions 2 and make-up members 92 and 93.
It will thus be seen that a very simple construction method is provided in which, for a specific use, the number of basic cast members required need be only two, for example.
Other members can be made from the same moulds with the assistance of one or two relatively simple secondary make-up
units.
It will be appreciated that the vertical anti-crack or continuity reinforcement 4 passing through the wall portions 1 and illustrated, for example, in Figure 4, and in
Figures 15 and 16, can be less substantial
and pass through smaller holes than the vertical reinforcement members 4 passing
through the holes 3 in the column portions 2. However, the dimensioning of the elements and members will, of course, be conditioned by the particular structure and the use to which it is put.
It will also be appreciated that the use of cast members having a tapered vertical cross-section allows an easy flow of material on internal surfaces and prevents the formation of bridges, while allowing water to drain easily from the external surfaces.
Other shaping of the members can be provided for architectural purposes and special surface finishes, for example of exposed aggregate or mosaic can be provided.
Although in the particular embodiments
described, the stirrups or binders 5 tying the members together in the column portions are arranged on a surface that is stepped below the upper surface of the remainder of the cast unit, the tying means could be provided in other ways, for example by threading ties through horizontally extending holes in the portions 2.
WHAT I CLAIM IS:
1. First and second cast member when used in constructing a wall, the members each having a first portion constituting a part of the wall and a second portion constituting a part of a post or column, the seond portion of each member having a hole, defined by a continuous surface, therethrough for the introduction of a reinforcing member extending throughout the height of the post or column and having a side surface abutting a side surface of the second portion of the other cast member to form a part of the post or column, the members being arranged such that each second portion can be removed from the post or column in which the said sides are in abutment by a movement of the respective member relative to the remaining part of the post or column in a horizontal directon.
2. Members as claimed in claim 1, each having a longitudinally extending first portion, the said second portion of each member having a substantially square crosssection in a plane dat right angles to the longitudinal axis of the post or column and side surfaces which extend from the first portion at an angle of 45" to the longitudinal axis of the first portion.
3. Members as claimed in claim 1 or 2 in which the upper surface of the second portion of each member is at a lower level than the upper surface of the first portion.
4. Members as claimed in any preceding claim in which the upper surface of the first portion of each cast member is rebated to provide a housing for a projection from the lower surface of a first portion of a second cast member arranged above the first member.
5. Members as claimed in any any one of the preceding claims in which the first portion of each cast member has a sideways projecting portion.
6. Members as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the wall surfaces of each first portion are tapered vertically when viewed in cross-section.
7. Members as claimed in any one of the preceding claims having holes extending vertically therethrough for the insertion of reinforcing members.
8. A prefabricated walling system including first and second pluralities of cast members, each of the members having a first portion designed to constitute a part of a wall and a second portion designed to constitute a part of a post or column, the
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (12)
1 to between a pre-cast floor unit 83 and an inner skin made of blocks 84. The floor unit 83 is supported at its ends not shown.
In Figures 27 and 28 a wall of cast members 86 having wall portions 1 and column portions 2 is shown, the columns being completed by make-up pieces 87 and the end 88 of a counterfort 89.
A further construction of a retaining wall section is shown in Figures 29 and 30 in which a wall is constructed of cast members 90 and 91 having wall portions 1 and column portions 2 and make-up members 92 and 93.
It will thus be seen that a very simple construction method is provided in which, for a specific use, the number of basic cast members required need be only two, for example.
Other members can be made from the same moulds with the assistance of one or two relatively simple secondary make-up
units.
It will be appreciated that the vertical anti-crack or continuity reinforcement 4 passing through the wall portions 1 and illustrated, for example, in Figure 4, and in
Figures 15 and 16, can be less substantial
and pass through smaller holes than the vertical reinforcement members 4 passing
through the holes 3 in the column portions 2. However, the dimensioning of the elements and members will, of course, be conditioned by the particular structure and the use to which it is put.
It will also be appreciated that the use of cast members having a tapered vertical cross-section allows an easy flow of material on internal surfaces and prevents the formation of bridges, while allowing water to drain easily from the external surfaces.
Other shaping of the members can be provided for architectural purposes and special surface finishes, for example of exposed aggregate or mosaic can be provided.
Although in the particular embodiments
described, the stirrups or binders 5 tying the members together in the column portions are arranged on a surface that is stepped below the upper surface of the remainder of the cast unit, the tying means could be provided in other ways, for example by threading ties through horizontally extending holes in the portions 2.
WHAT I CLAIM IS:
1. First and second cast member when used in constructing a wall, the members each having a first portion constituting a part of the wall and a second portion constituting a part of a post or column, the seond portion of each member having a hole, defined by a continuous surface, therethrough for the introduction of a reinforcing member extending throughout the height of the post or column and having a side surface abutting a side surface of the second portion of the other cast member to form a part of the post or column, the members being arranged such that each second portion can be removed from the post or column in which the said sides are in abutment by a movement of the respective member relative to the remaining part of the post or column in a horizontal directon.
2. Members as claimed in claim 1, each having a longitudinally extending first portion, the said second portion of each member having a substantially square crosssection in a plane dat right angles to the longitudinal axis of the post or column and side surfaces which extend from the first portion at an angle of 45" to the longitudinal axis of the first portion.
3. Members as claimed in claim 1 or 2 in which the upper surface of the second portion of each member is at a lower level than the upper surface of the first portion.
4. Members as claimed in any preceding claim in which the upper surface of the first portion of each cast member is rebated to provide a housing for a projection from the lower surface of a first portion of a second cast member arranged above the first member.
5. Members as claimed in any any one of the preceding claims in which the first portion of each cast member has a sideways projecting portion.
6. Members as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the wall surfaces of each first portion are tapered vertically when viewed in cross-section.
7. Members as claimed in any one of the preceding claims having holes extending vertically therethrough for the insertion of reinforcing members.
8. A prefabricated walling system including first and second pluralities of cast members, each of the members having a first portion designed to constitute a part of a wall and a second portion designed to constitute a part of a post or column, the
second portions each having a hole defined by a continuous surface, therethrough for the introduction of a reinforcing member extending throughout the height of the wall in which the first portions of the members in each plurality are arranged one above the other to provide a wall, and the second portions of one plurality each abut a side surface of the second portions of the other plurality to form parts of the post or column, the arrangement of the members being such that one of the said second portions can be removed from the post or column by movement of the respective member relative to the remaining part of the post or column in a longitudinal direction.
9. A method of assembling the first and second cast members when used as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 in such a way that the second portions of the members are arranged in abutment side by side, to form a post or column, including the steps of introducing a respective reinforcing member into the vertically extending hole in each of the second portions of the first and second members and tying together the reinforcing members.
10. Members as claimed in claim 1 substantially as described herein with reference to Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5, Figures 6, 7 and 9 Figure 8, and
Figures 10, 11 and 12, of the accompanying drawings.
11. A method of constructing a wall employing members as claimed in claim 1 substantially as described herein with reference to Figures 15 and 16 of the accompanying drawings.
12. A method of building a structure employing members as claimed in claim 1, substantially as described herein with reference to Figure 13, Figure 14, Figures 17 and 18, Figures 19 and 20, Figures 21-15, Figure 26, Figures 27 and 28, or Figures 29 and 30 of the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2399475A GB1565798A (en) | 1976-09-03 | 1976-09-03 | Prefabricated walling system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2399475A GB1565798A (en) | 1976-09-03 | 1976-09-03 | Prefabricated walling system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1565798A true GB1565798A (en) | 1980-04-23 |
Family
ID=10204695
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2399475A Expired GB1565798A (en) | 1976-09-03 | 1976-09-03 | Prefabricated walling system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB1565798A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2614641A1 (en) * | 1987-04-30 | 1988-11-04 | Phenol Eng | Wall for a trough or tank, and element for the construction of such a wall |
-
1976
- 1976-09-03 GB GB2399475A patent/GB1565798A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2614641A1 (en) * | 1987-04-30 | 1988-11-04 | Phenol Eng | Wall for a trough or tank, and element for the construction of such a wall |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |