GB1559449A - Semipermeable membranes of polyamides - Google Patents
Semipermeable membranes of polyamides Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1559449A GB1559449A GB39529/77A GB3952977A GB1559449A GB 1559449 A GB1559449 A GB 1559449A GB 39529/77 A GB39529/77 A GB 39529/77A GB 3952977 A GB3952977 A GB 3952977A GB 1559449 A GB1559449 A GB 1559449A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- disulphimide
- semipermeable membrane
- aromatic
- dicarboxylic acid
- solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 64
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 title description 12
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 title description 12
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 1,5-diaminonaphthyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HUWXDEQWWKGHRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine Chemical group C1=C(Cl)C(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C(Cl)=C1 HUWXDEQWWKGHRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CIUQDSCDWFSTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C]1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical class [C]1=CC=CC=C1 CIUQDSCDWFSTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzidine Chemical group C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000605281 Anaplasma phagocytophilum Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241001077660 Molo Species 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 44
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 14
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- FDQSRULYDNDXQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(Cl)=O)=C1 FDQSRULYDNDXQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229940113088 dimethylacetamide Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004984 aromatic diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 3
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- IZRWZLBCZMYWIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dinitro-3-phenylbenzene Chemical group [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1[N+]([O-])=O IZRWZLBCZMYWIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SDQJTWBNWQABLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-quinazoline-2,4-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)NC2=C1 SDQJTWBNWQABLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXTQURPQLVHJRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide Chemical compound NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 TXTQURPQLVHJRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282461 Canis lupus Species 0.000 description 1
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012696 Interfacial polycondensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005862 Whey Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000007544 Whey Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010046377 Whey Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010730 cutting oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001760 dimethyl sulfoxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015203 fruit juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylphosphoric triamide Chemical compound CN(C)P(=O)(N(C)C)N(C)C GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006017 homo-polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003295 industrial effluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940018564 m-phenylenediamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- HKTBRYQNVRPBCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene;sulfurochloridic acid Chemical compound OS(Cl)(=O)=O.[O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HKTBRYQNVRPBCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127557 pharmaceutical product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003880 polar aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940086542 triethylamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylamine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCC YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/66—Polymers having sulfur in the main chain, with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
- B01D71/69—Polysulfonamides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/56—Polyamides, e.g. polyester-amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/42—Polyamides containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Polyamides (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2642979A DE2642979C2 (de) | 1976-09-24 | 1976-09-24 | Semipermeable Membranen aus Polyamiden |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB1559449A true GB1559449A (en) | 1980-01-16 |
Family
ID=5988737
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB39529/77A Expired GB1559449A (en) | 1976-09-24 | 1977-09-22 | Semipermeable membranes of polyamides |
Country Status (12)
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2741669A1 (de) * | 1977-09-16 | 1979-03-22 | Bayer Ag | Semipermeable membranen aus acrylnitrilcopolymerisaten |
JPS5569961A (en) * | 1978-11-21 | 1980-05-27 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Manufacturing method for cadmium plate for cell |
DE3220376A1 (de) * | 1982-05-29 | 1983-12-01 | Seitz-Filter-Werke Theo & Geo Seitz GmbH und Co, 6550 Bad Kreuznach | Membranfilter fuer mikrofiltration und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
GB8310666D0 (en) * | 1983-04-20 | 1983-05-25 | Limit Instant Ltd | Treatment of membranes |
US4544484A (en) * | 1983-06-24 | 1985-10-01 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Reverse osmosis membrane quenching |
DE3342823A1 (de) * | 1983-11-26 | 1985-06-05 | Seitz-Filter-Werke Theo & Geo Seitz GmbH und Co, 6550 Bad Kreuznach | Verfahren zum herstellen von filterelementen auf der basis von aromatischem polyamid |
JPH0624146B2 (ja) * | 1984-07-30 | 1994-03-30 | 新神戸電機株式会社 | 密閉形アルカリ蓄電池製造法 |
US4695383A (en) * | 1986-03-12 | 1987-09-22 | Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha | Permselective membrane |
AUPP521298A0 (en) * | 1998-08-12 | 1998-09-03 | Life Therapeutics Limited | Purification of fibrinogen |
AUPP790698A0 (en) | 1998-12-23 | 1999-01-28 | Life Therapeutics Limited | Separation of microorganisms |
US20050224355A1 (en) * | 1999-12-23 | 2005-10-13 | Brendon Conlan | Removal of biological contaminants |
AUPP790898A0 (en) | 1998-12-23 | 1999-01-28 | Life Therapeutics Limited | Renal dialysis |
US7077942B1 (en) | 1999-12-23 | 2006-07-18 | Gradipore Limited | Removal of biological contaminants |
AUPQ691400A0 (en) * | 2000-04-14 | 2000-05-11 | Life Therapeutics Limited | Separation of micromolecules |
ATE449200T1 (de) | 2000-04-18 | 2009-12-15 | Gradipore Ltd | Trennung und behandlung von proben durch elektrophorese |
AUPQ697300A0 (en) * | 2000-04-18 | 2000-05-11 | Life Therapeutics Limited | Separation apparatus |
US6923896B2 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2005-08-02 | The Texas A&M University System | Electrophoresis apparatus and method |
DE60142520D1 (de) * | 2000-10-06 | 2010-08-19 | Arturus Capital Ltd | Multi-port-elektrophorese-trennvorrichtung und entsprechendes verfahren |
AUPR222300A0 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2001-01-25 | Life Therapeutics Limited | Electrophoresis device and method |
US10143976B2 (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2018-12-04 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Composite semipermeable membrane |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1254100A (en) * | 1968-02-23 | 1971-11-17 | Bayer Ag | Copolyamides having a large disulphimide group content |
US3696031A (en) * | 1969-07-08 | 1972-10-03 | Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche | Osmosis process |
US3664986A (en) * | 1969-10-14 | 1972-05-23 | Du Pont | 1,2,5-thiadiazole polymers |
DE2017509A1 (de) * | 1970-04-13 | 1971-11-04 | Bayer Ag | Basisch anfärbbare hochmolekulare aromatische Polyamide |
DE2017968A1 (de) * | 1970-04-15 | 1971-10-28 | Bayer | Sauer modifizierte hochmolekulare Polyamide |
US4129559A (en) * | 1973-01-16 | 1978-12-12 | Montedison S.P.A. | Reverse osmosis anisotropic membranes based on polypiperazine amides |
US4123424A (en) * | 1973-05-07 | 1978-10-31 | Montedison S.P.A. | Polymeric piperazinamides and membranes for reverse osmosis made therefrom |
US3993625A (en) * | 1973-05-28 | 1976-11-23 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Permselective polymeric membranes of organic polyamide or polyhydrazide |
-
1976
- 1976-09-23 ES ES462585A patent/ES462585A1/es not_active Expired
- 1976-09-24 DE DE2642979A patent/DE2642979C2/de not_active Expired
-
1977
- 1977-09-20 CH CH1151677A patent/CH629970A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-09-21 NL NL7710362A patent/NL7710362A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-09-22 JP JP11341377A patent/JPS5339980A/ja active Pending
- 1977-09-22 AT AT0679877A patent/AT367649B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-09-22 CA CA287,267A patent/CA1104748A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-09-22 GB GB39529/77A patent/GB1559449A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-09-22 BE BE181104A patent/BE858937A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-09-23 FR FR7728835A patent/FR2365361A1/fr active Granted
- 1977-09-23 IE IE1945/77A patent/IE45936B1/en unknown
-
1979
- 1979-05-30 US US06/043,623 patent/US4269967A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IE45936L (en) | 1978-03-24 |
FR2365361B1 (US06649357-20031118-C00005.png) | 1983-11-25 |
JPS5339980A (en) | 1978-04-12 |
CH629970A5 (de) | 1982-05-28 |
BE858937A (fr) | 1978-03-22 |
AT367649B (de) | 1982-07-26 |
ATA679877A (de) | 1981-12-15 |
DE2642979C2 (de) | 1986-02-06 |
FR2365361A1 (fr) | 1978-04-21 |
NL7710362A (nl) | 1978-03-29 |
DE2642979A1 (de) | 1978-03-30 |
US4269967A (en) | 1981-05-26 |
ES462585A1 (es) | 1978-07-16 |
IE45936B1 (en) | 1983-01-12 |
CA1104748A (en) | 1981-07-07 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |