GB1459952A - Cyclic fluidized catalytic cracking process - Google Patents
Cyclic fluidized catalytic cracking processInfo
- Publication number
- GB1459952A GB1459952A GB2119774A GB2119774A GB1459952A GB 1459952 A GB1459952 A GB 1459952A GB 2119774 A GB2119774 A GB 2119774A GB 2119774 A GB2119774 A GB 2119774A GB 1459952 A GB1459952 A GB 1459952A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- sulphur
- catalyst
- metal
- alumina
- crystalline aluminosilicate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 title 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 title 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical class [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/02—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G11/04—Oxides
- C10G11/05—Crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
- B01J20/18—Synthetic zeolitic molecular sieves
- B01J20/186—Chemical treatments in view of modifying the properties of the sieve, e.g. increasing the stability or the activity, also decreasing the activity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
- B01J8/26—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with two or more fluidised beds, e.g. reactor and regeneration installations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
- B01J2229/20—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements in the catalyst composition comprising the molecular sieve, but not specially in or on the molecular sieve itself
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S502/00—Catalyst, solid sorbent, or support therefor: product or process of making
- Y10S502/515—Specific contaminant removal
- Y10S502/517—Sulfur or sulfur compound removal
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00363082A US3835031A (en) | 1973-05-23 | 1973-05-23 | Catalytic cracking with reduced emission of sulfur oxides |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1459952A true GB1459952A (en) | 1976-12-31 |
Family
ID=23428712
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2119774A Expired GB1459952A (en) | 1973-05-23 | 1974-05-14 | Cyclic fluidized catalytic cracking process |
| GB2500175A Expired GB1459953A (en) | 1973-05-23 | 1974-05-14 | Cracking catalyst |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2500175A Expired GB1459953A (en) | 1973-05-23 | 1974-05-14 | Cracking catalyst |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3835031A (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| JP (1) | JPS5129882B2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| BE (1) | BE815414A (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| CA (1) | CA1029359A (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| DE (1) | DE2425001C2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| FR (1) | FR2230711B1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| GB (2) | GB1459952A (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| IT (1) | IT1013195B (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| NL (1) | NL187581C (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
Families Citing this family (60)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3985641A (en) * | 1974-04-15 | 1976-10-12 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Catalytic cracking of alkanes |
| US4153535A (en) * | 1975-12-19 | 1979-05-08 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Catalytic cracking with reduced emission of noxious gases |
| CA1093050A (en) * | 1975-12-19 | 1981-01-06 | Iacovos A. Vasalos | Catalytic cracking with reduced emission of noxious gases |
| US4153534A (en) * | 1975-12-19 | 1979-05-08 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Catalytic cracking with reduced emission of noxious gases |
| IT1074228B (it) * | 1975-12-19 | 1985-04-17 | Standard Oil Co | Perfezionamento nei procedimenti di piroscissione catalitica di idrocarburi contenenti composti organici dello zolfo |
| US4071436A (en) * | 1976-03-11 | 1978-01-31 | Chevron Research Company | Process for removing sulphur from a gas |
| CA1122912A (en) * | 1977-04-11 | 1982-05-04 | William A. Blanton, Jr. | Method for removing pollutants from catalyst regenerator flue gas |
| CA1124224A (en) * | 1977-04-11 | 1982-05-25 | Chevron Research And Technology Company | Process for removing pollutants from catalyst regenerator flue gas |
| US4171260A (en) * | 1978-08-28 | 1979-10-16 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Process for reducing thiophenic sulfur in heavy oil |
| US4839026A (en) * | 1978-09-11 | 1989-06-13 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Catalytic cracking with reduced emissions of sulfur oxides |
| CA1154735A (en) * | 1978-09-11 | 1983-10-04 | Stanley M. Brown | Catalytic cracking with reduced emissions of sulfur oxides |
| US4259175A (en) * | 1978-10-10 | 1981-03-31 | Union Oil Company Of California | Process for reducing sox emissions from catalytic cracking units |
| US4243557A (en) * | 1978-12-26 | 1981-01-06 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Sulfur transfer cracking catalyst |
| US4233276A (en) * | 1979-03-30 | 1980-11-11 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Process for the desulfurization of waste gases |
| US4381991A (en) * | 1979-04-11 | 1983-05-03 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Process for removing sulfur oxides from a gas |
| US4240899A (en) * | 1979-11-05 | 1980-12-23 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Sulfur transfer process in catalytic cracking |
| US4376696A (en) * | 1979-11-14 | 1983-03-15 | Ashland Oil, Inc. | Addition of MgCl2 to catalyst for cracking carbo-metallic feed oils |
| US4377494A (en) * | 1980-01-15 | 1983-03-22 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Cracking catalysts passivated by barium |
| US4473463A (en) * | 1980-01-15 | 1984-09-25 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Use of cracking catalysts passivated by barium |
| US4341660A (en) * | 1980-06-11 | 1982-07-27 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Catalytic cracking catalyst |
| US4309280A (en) * | 1980-07-18 | 1982-01-05 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Promotion of cracking catalyst octane yield performance |
| US4495304A (en) * | 1980-07-29 | 1985-01-22 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Catalyst for conversion of hydrocarbons |
| US4495305A (en) * | 1980-07-29 | 1985-01-22 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Catalyst for conversion of hydrocarbons |
| US4957892A (en) * | 1980-07-29 | 1990-09-18 | Uop | Process for combusting solid sulfur containing material |
| JPS5761085A (en) * | 1980-07-29 | 1982-04-13 | Atlantic Richfield Co | Conversion of hydrocarbon |
| US4383916A (en) * | 1981-08-28 | 1983-05-17 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Sweetening and desulfurizing sulfur-containing hydrocarbon streams |
| JPS58174770U (ja) * | 1982-05-18 | 1983-11-22 | 二葉計器株式会社 | タクシ−メ−タ |
| GB2138314B (en) * | 1983-04-21 | 1987-07-22 | Grace W R & Co | Catalytic cracking catalyst and process |
| US4929338A (en) * | 1983-04-21 | 1990-05-29 | W. R. Grace & Co. - Conn. | Catalytic cracking catalyst and process |
| US4836993A (en) * | 1983-09-27 | 1989-06-06 | Amoco Corporation | Process for removing sulfur oxides from a gas |
| US4529502A (en) * | 1984-02-27 | 1985-07-16 | Uop Inc. | Sulfur oxide acceptance from a flue gas |
| EP0208798A1 (en) * | 1985-07-13 | 1987-01-21 | Uop Inc. | Sulfur oxide acceptance from a flue gas |
| US4492677A (en) * | 1984-05-17 | 1985-01-08 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Preparative process for alkaline earth metal, aluminum-containing spinels and their use for reducing the sulfur oxide content of gases |
| US4492678A (en) * | 1984-05-17 | 1985-01-08 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Preparative process for alkaline earth metal, aluminum-containing spinels and their use for reducing sulfur oxide content in gases |
| US4918036A (en) * | 1984-08-16 | 1990-04-17 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Cracking catalyst/sulfur oxide gettering agent compositions |
| US4925549A (en) * | 1984-10-31 | 1990-05-15 | Chevron Research Company | Sulfur removal system for protection of reforming catalyst |
| EP0224992B1 (en) * | 1985-08-30 | 1990-06-27 | Engelhard Corporation | Fcc catalysts of increased effective heat capacity |
| US5071539A (en) * | 1985-08-30 | 1991-12-10 | Engelhard Corporation | FCC catalysts of increased effective heat capacity |
| US4781816A (en) * | 1987-10-19 | 1988-11-01 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Cracking process |
| US5141624A (en) * | 1989-03-30 | 1992-08-25 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Catalytic cracking process |
| US5114898A (en) * | 1990-01-18 | 1992-05-19 | Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University | Layered double hydroxide sorbents for the removal of SOx from flue gas and other gas streams |
| US5114691A (en) * | 1990-01-18 | 1992-05-19 | Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University | Process using sorbents for the removal of SOx from flue gas |
| US5116587A (en) * | 1990-01-18 | 1992-05-26 | Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University | Layered double hydroxide sorbents for the removal of sox from flue gas resulting from coal combustion |
| US5591417A (en) * | 1992-04-15 | 1997-01-07 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Removing SOx, CO and NOx from flue gases |
| US5292492A (en) * | 1992-05-04 | 1994-03-08 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Recovering sulfur from ammonia acid gas stream |
| US5458861A (en) * | 1992-04-15 | 1995-10-17 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Desulfurizing a gas stream |
| US5514351A (en) * | 1992-04-15 | 1996-05-07 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Desulfurizing tailgas from sulfur recovery unit |
| US5358701A (en) * | 1992-11-16 | 1994-10-25 | Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University | Process of using layered double hydroxides as low temperature recyclable sorbents for the removal of SOx from flue gas and other gas streams |
| US5785938A (en) * | 1992-11-16 | 1998-07-28 | Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University | Process using recyclable sorbents for the removal of sox from flue gases and other gas streams |
| US5545604A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1996-08-13 | Intercat, Inc. | Processes for reacting bastnaesite with alkaline-earth metals |
| US5422332A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1995-06-06 | Intercat, Inc. | Processes for reacting bastnaesite with metal oxides |
| US5843862A (en) * | 1994-06-01 | 1998-12-01 | Amoco Corporation | Process for manufacturing an absorbent composition |
| US5426083A (en) * | 1994-06-01 | 1995-06-20 | Amoco Corporation | Absorbent and process for removing sulfur oxides from a gaseous mixture |
| JP2925963B2 (ja) * | 1994-12-05 | 1999-07-28 | 石油公団 | メタンの酸化カップリング方法とその装置 |
| US6048821A (en) * | 1996-11-18 | 2000-04-11 | Bulldog Technologies U.S.A., Inc. | SOx additive systems based upon use of multiple particle species |
| US6074984A (en) | 1996-11-18 | 2000-06-13 | Bulldog Technologies U.S.A., Inc. | SOx Additive systems based upon use of multiple particle species |
| US5990030A (en) * | 1997-06-13 | 1999-11-23 | Tricat Industries, Inc. | Sox reducing additive for FCC systems |
| US9993810B2 (en) | 2012-07-23 | 2018-06-12 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn | Silica sol bound catalytic cracking catalyst stabilized with magnesium |
| US10005072B2 (en) | 2012-07-23 | 2018-06-26 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn | High matrix surface area catalytic cracking catalyst stabilized with magnesium and silica |
| WO2025193126A1 (ru) * | 2024-03-15 | 2025-09-18 | Публичное акционерное общество "Газпром нефть" | Металлоустойчивый катализатор крекинга и способ его приготовления |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1358164A (fr) * | 1962-06-02 | 1964-04-10 | Fichtel & Sachs Ag | Amortisseur hydraulique d'oscillations pour machines à laver |
| JPS466445Y1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) * | 1966-09-17 | 1971-03-06 | ||
| US3459679A (en) * | 1967-03-07 | 1969-08-05 | Mobil Oil Corp | Catalyst prepared by steaming alkali metal aluminosilicate in a matrix with polyvalent metal salt |
| CA964255A (en) * | 1970-12-23 | 1975-03-11 | Geoffrey E. Dolbear | Cracking catalyst containing nickel and magnesium exchanged zeolites |
-
1973
- 1973-05-23 US US00363082A patent/US3835031A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1974
- 1974-05-10 CA CA199,505A patent/CA1029359A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-05-14 GB GB2119774A patent/GB1459952A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-05-14 GB GB2500175A patent/GB1459953A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-05-16 NL NLAANVRAGE7406561,A patent/NL187581C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-05-20 IT IT51132/74A patent/IT1013195B/it active
- 1974-05-22 DE DE2425001A patent/DE2425001C2/de not_active Expired
- 1974-05-22 BE BE144641A patent/BE815414A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-05-22 JP JP49057764A patent/JPS5129882B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1974-05-22 FR FR7417990A patent/FR2230711B1/fr not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL187581C (nl) | 1991-11-18 |
| NL187581B (nl) | 1991-06-17 |
| JPS5021004A (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) | 1975-03-06 |
| FR2230711A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) | 1974-12-20 |
| JPS5129882B2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) | 1976-08-28 |
| DE2425001C2 (de) | 1986-12-04 |
| CA1029359A (en) | 1978-04-11 |
| FR2230711B1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) | 1977-10-14 |
| IT1013195B (it) | 1977-03-30 |
| GB1459953A (en) | 1976-12-31 |
| BE815414A (fr) | 1974-11-22 |
| DE2425001A1 (de) | 1974-12-12 |
| NL7406561A (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) | 1974-11-26 |
| US3835031A (en) | 1974-09-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19920514 |