GB1384916A - Reacation zone control - Google Patents
Reacation zone controlInfo
- Publication number
- GB1384916A GB1384916A GB2408372A GB2408372A GB1384916A GB 1384916 A GB1384916 A GB 1384916A GB 2408372 A GB2408372 A GB 2408372A GB 2408372 A GB2408372 A GB 2408372A GB 1384916 A GB1384916 A GB 1384916A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- reactor
- ratio
- performance index
- signal
- conversion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G35/00—Reforming naphtha
- C10G35/24—Controlling or regulating of reforming operations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/32—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with formation of free hydrogen
- C07C5/327—Formation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds only
- C07C5/333—Catalytic processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S585/00—Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
- Y10S585/919—Apparatus considerations
- Y10S585/921—Apparatus considerations using recited apparatus structure
- Y10S585/922—Reactor fluid manipulating device
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S585/00—Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
- Y10S585/919—Apparatus considerations
- Y10S585/921—Apparatus considerations using recited apparatus structure
- Y10S585/924—Reactor shape or disposition
- Y10S585/926—Plurality or verticality
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Feedback Control In General (AREA)
Abstract
1384916 Dehydrogenating ethylbenzene; reforming naphtha UNIVERSAL OIL PRODUCTS CO 23 May 1972 [24 May 1971] 24083/72 Heading C5E [Also in Division G3] In a conversion process wherein a reactant stream passes through at least two reactors in series the reactors are automatically controlled in response to an analysis of the final effluent so as to maintain a given conversion specification and to optimize a performance characteristic, e.g. maximize or minimize a ratio of substances in the effluent. (See Division G3). Fig. 3 shows a three stage reactor 51 having catalyst zones A, B, C for the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene (EB) to styrene. The catalyst is preferably an alkali-promoted iron catalyst. Reactor pressure may be sub- or super-atmospheric, preferably 1À3 to 2À4 atm. Superheated steam at 760 C. is introduced from 85 into at a ratio of 0À65 to 1 steam to EB, and also into zones B and C at higher temperatures and ratios. The effluent 53 is analysed by a chromatograph 68 for quantities of benzene (B), toluene (T), styrene (S), and EB. The peak or average values of these quantities are supplied to amplifiers 35 ... 38. The ratio of S to EB is determined at 45 and supplied as a "conversion" signal to a controller 71. The sum of B and T, obtained at 46, is compared with S at 47 and this ratio is a "performance index" signal and this is optimized at 80. The output of 80 is combined with that from 71 to form the set point of temperature controllers 64 which regulate the flow of steam. The arrangement is such that S is kept at 80% of EB while the "performance index" ratio is kept at a minimum consistent with this. Fig. 4 shows catalytic reforming units using the invention. A low octane naphtha on line 100 is combined with a recycle gas stream of hydrogen, with some methane, ethane, and propane and traces of heavier hydrocarbons from line 99 and fed to a heater 104, which it leaves at 900 to 1000 F. It enters a reactor 101 at a pressure of 21À4 atm. The reactor has a noble metal catalyst and the mixture is converted to hydrocarbons having a higher octane number. This leaves the reactor at 20 to 150 F. cooler than the inlet temperature and is reheated at 154 to 900 to 1000 F. again. Further cooling occurs in a second catalytic reactor 151 and in a heat exchanger 135, which the mixture leaves at 60 to 120 F. A vapour phase is separated at 136 on line 99 from which a net hydrogen rich gas is withdrawn at 140. A liquid phase is withdrawn on line 141 for fractionation. Control is effected by regulating the fuel supply to heaters 104, 154. For this purpose the octane value of the liquid phase is measured at 118 and the signal from this is supplied to controller 121 as a "conversion signal". A "performance index" signal is obtained by measurement at 143 of the flow of liquid from 136 and this is optimized by device 130. The output signals from 121 and 130 are combined to from the set point of temperature controllers 114. The arrangement is such that the liquid flow is maximized, consistent with maintaining the required octane value. Modifications.-Control may be effected other than by temperature adjustment, e.g. adjustment of feed components or catalyst circulation. In HF alkylation, circulation of isobutane reactant may be controlled. The system may include a computer which modifies the set specification to compensate for the interaction between conversion and performance index, or time delays may be incorporated for the same purpose. Alternatively, temperature adjustment may be made subject to maintainance of an average for all the reactors. The optimizer may "look" at the cross product of two related variables, e.g. yield and octane. The performance index could be established by measuring recycle gas density. A specific system similar to Fig. 4, but using four reactors is described, with performance figures given.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14640071A | 1971-05-24 | 1971-05-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB1384916A true GB1384916A (en) | 1975-02-26 |
Family
ID=22517197
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB2408372A Expired GB1384916A (en) | 1971-05-24 | 1972-05-23 | Reacation zone control |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3760168A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5225834B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU471086B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR7203287D0 (en) |
CA (1) | CA984858A (en) |
EG (1) | EG10932A (en) |
ES (1) | ES403086A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2138943B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1384916A (en) |
IT (1) | IT958026B (en) |
PL (1) | PL82832B1 (en) |
SE (1) | SE384033B (en) |
SU (1) | SU710522A3 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA723337B (en) |
Families Citing this family (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3937747A (en) * | 1974-04-18 | 1976-02-10 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Balancing adiabatic reactors |
US3917931A (en) * | 1974-05-03 | 1975-11-04 | Texaco Inc | Means and method for controlling an absorber system |
US3969078A (en) * | 1974-05-10 | 1976-07-13 | Universal Oil Products Company | HF Alkylation reaction temperature control system |
US3948603A (en) * | 1974-05-10 | 1976-04-06 | Universal Oil Products Company | Control system for HF alkylation |
NL190151C (en) * | 1976-03-26 | 1993-11-16 | Schoeller & Co Ag A | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A PLASTIC PALLET |
US4092722A (en) * | 1976-10-18 | 1978-05-30 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Fluid catalytic cracking with automatic temperature control |
US4251224A (en) * | 1978-09-19 | 1981-02-17 | Erco Industries Limited | Control system for chlorine dioxide plants |
US4318178A (en) * | 1980-05-28 | 1982-03-02 | Phillips Petroleum Co. | Control of a cracking furnace |
US4371944A (en) * | 1981-01-16 | 1983-02-01 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Ethylene process control |
JPS57176250U (en) * | 1981-04-30 | 1982-11-08 | ||
JPS6270803U (en) * | 1985-10-25 | 1987-05-06 | ||
US5091075A (en) * | 1990-07-06 | 1992-02-25 | Uop | Reforming process with improved vertical heat exchangers |
US7740751B2 (en) | 2006-11-09 | 2010-06-22 | Uop Llc | Process for heating a stream for a hydrocarbon conversion process |
US20080110801A1 (en) * | 2006-11-09 | 2008-05-15 | Leon Yuan | Process For Heating A Hydrocarbon Stream Entering A Reaction Zone With A Heater Convection Section |
US8282814B2 (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2012-10-09 | Uop Llc | Fired heater for a hydrocarbon conversion process |
US8961891B2 (en) * | 2010-08-20 | 2015-02-24 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Catalytic alcohol dehydrogenation heat sink for mobile application |
RU2486227C1 (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2013-06-27 | Государственное унитарное предприятие Институт нефтехимпереработки Республики Башкортостан (ГУП ИНХП РБ) | Method of catalytic reforming control |
WO2019210239A1 (en) | 2018-04-26 | 2019-10-31 | Uop Llc | Process and apparatus for a convection charge heater |
US11186784B2 (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2021-11-30 | Uop Llc | Dehydrogenation process having improved run time |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3458691A (en) * | 1958-12-29 | 1969-07-29 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Process control system |
US3257363A (en) * | 1961-05-22 | 1966-06-21 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Control of the composition of a reaction mixture |
US3321280A (en) * | 1964-06-26 | 1967-05-23 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Computer control method for production of butyl rubber |
US3497449A (en) * | 1966-05-17 | 1970-02-24 | Mobil Oil Corp | Controlling a continuous process by concentration measurements |
US3402212A (en) * | 1966-07-18 | 1968-09-17 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene |
US3594559A (en) * | 1968-06-26 | 1971-07-20 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Process control for polymerization control system having equation updating feedback networks |
-
1971
- 1971-05-24 US US00146400A patent/US3760168A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1972
- 1972-05-15 CA CA142,129A patent/CA984858A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-05-16 ZA ZA723337A patent/ZA723337B/en unknown
- 1972-05-16 AU AU42317/72A patent/AU471086B2/en not_active Expired
- 1972-05-22 EG EG207/72A patent/EG10932A/en active
- 1972-05-23 SE SE7206699A patent/SE384033B/en unknown
- 1972-05-23 ES ES403086A patent/ES403086A1/en not_active Expired
- 1972-05-23 PL PL1972155552A patent/PL82832B1/pl unknown
- 1972-05-23 GB GB2408372A patent/GB1384916A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-05-23 IT IT50443/72A patent/IT958026B/en active
- 1972-05-24 JP JP47051567A patent/JPS5225834B1/ja active Pending
- 1972-05-24 FR FR7218410A patent/FR2138943B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-05-24 SU SU721787634A patent/SU710522A3/en active
- 1972-05-24 BR BR3287/72A patent/BR7203287D0/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SU710522A3 (en) | 1980-01-15 |
US3760168A (en) | 1973-09-18 |
ZA723337B (en) | 1973-03-28 |
FR2138943B1 (en) | 1975-06-13 |
DE2224637A1 (en) | 1972-11-30 |
AU471086B2 (en) | 1976-04-08 |
DE2224637B2 (en) | 1976-12-23 |
BR7203287D0 (en) | 1973-05-31 |
CA984858A (en) | 1976-03-02 |
PL82832B1 (en) | 1975-10-31 |
SE384033B (en) | 1976-04-12 |
EG10932A (en) | 1976-10-31 |
ES403086A1 (en) | 1975-04-16 |
JPS5225834B1 (en) | 1977-07-09 |
FR2138943A1 (en) | 1973-01-05 |
AU4231772A (en) | 1973-11-22 |
IT958026B (en) | 1973-10-20 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |