GB1314906A - Display devices - Google Patents
Display devicesInfo
- Publication number
- GB1314906A GB1314906A GB2858470A GB2858470A GB1314906A GB 1314906 A GB1314906 A GB 1314906A GB 2858470 A GB2858470 A GB 2858470A GB 2858470 A GB2858470 A GB 2858470A GB 1314906 A GB1314906 A GB 1314906A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- suspension
- fluorescent
- particles
- sheet
- luminescent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21K2/00—Non-electric light sources using luminescence; Light sources using electrochemiluminescence
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21K2/00—Non-electric light sources using luminescence; Light sources using electrochemiluminescence
- F21K2/06—Non-electric light sources using luminescence; Light sources using electrochemiluminescence using chemiluminescence
- F21K2/08—Non-electric light sources using luminescence; Light sources using electrochemiluminescence using chemiluminescence activated by an electric field, i.e. electrochemiluminescence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
- G02F1/167—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/1675—Constructional details
- G02F1/1677—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. reflectors or illuminating devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G17/00—Electrographic processes using patterns other than charge patterns, e.g. an electric conductivity pattern; Processes involving a migration, e.g. photoelectrophoresis, photoelectrosolography; Processes involving a selective transfer, e.g. electrophoto-adhesive processes; Apparatus essentially involving a single such process
- G03G17/04—Electrographic processes using patterns other than charge patterns, e.g. an electric conductivity pattern; Processes involving a migration, e.g. photoelectrophoresis, photoelectrosolography; Processes involving a selective transfer, e.g. electrophoto-adhesive processes; Apparatus essentially involving a single such process using photoelectrophoresis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
- G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
- G09F9/37—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being movable elements
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
Abstract
1314906 Electrophoretic display device MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO Ltd 12 June 1970 [12 June 1969 31 July 1969] 28584/70 Heading G5C [Also in Divisions C4 C5 and H1] A display device (flat, curved and/or flexible) comprises material the luminescence of which is controllable by electrophocetic movement. The device may include in suspension at least one electrophosetion material (26) Fig. 1 (not shown) which may itself luminescence green under one or both Áv sources (32) (33) (e.g. fluorescent, Hg or Xe lamps, sunlight or alternatively X-ray, γ-ray electron or α-particle sources) the colour on the respective anode cathode sides varying as then continuous or pulse D.C. voltage polarity (Figs. 1b and 1c, not shown), the suspension medium and for material (26) being visible light and/or radiation flux absorbent and/or reflective. The suspension medium may alternatively or also be luminescent, and half tone and other images controlled by duration, size and field polarity, A.C. or mechanical vibrations also restoring original colour. Excitation may be by radium, strontium 90, titium or promethium 147 included in suspension, or by an electric field, and. the solid or liquid suspension medium, a few Á or mms. thick, may include non-electrophoretic particles, a blue suspension being oil black dyes dissolved in ethyl acetate or herosene. Figs. 2a and 2b (not shown) includes luminescent (e.g. red) or non-luminescent porous layer (35) of cloth or mesh fabric of natural or artificial fibres; a fibroid sheet; or a granular sheet bonded with resin or adhesive. Figs. 3a, 3b (not shown) include electrophocetic materials 41, 42 of differing emissions (e.g. red, green) intensities and/or persistencies and polarities while Figs. 4a, 4b (not shown) include particles (45) (46) (e.g. yellow and blue) of same plarity but different nobilities. One electrode may be E-shaped as in Fig. 5, including suspension layer 50 which may be electroluminescent or may emit on incidence of flux, or a plurality S 1 -S 7 selectively energized (Fig. 6, not shown), a series of such units forming a display panel, or a cross-bar array used (Fig, 7, not shown) and cyclically scanned, fabrication being by electro deposition, evaporation, printing or photoetching. Fig. 8 (not shown) includes polyester, cellulose acetate, cellophane or polyethylene insulating housing (55) and movable electrode (57) which may be pen-like to produce a pattern or writing. Alternatively surface charging may be by charged particles such as ions or electrons, particle incidence or an A.C. or D.C. roller being used to erase. Porous layer (58) (Fig. 8, not shown) or a sheet (59) (Fig. 8b, not shown) with projections and of nylon is preferably included as mechanical spacer. The device may be included in a c.r.t. (Fig. 9, not shown), electrons from gun (61) depositing on insulator (55), radiation flux being directed through window (63) or wall (25), and erasure being by a suitable secondary emission characteristic of wall (55). Wall (55) may be replaceable by a wire mosaic of a thin glass sheet with transversely embedded wires. In Fig. 10 (not shown) with paper, metal or plastic base (65), high viscosity suspension (50) is softened by heating or a solvent to produce sufficient electrophoretic mobility during voltage application, a permanent pattern ensuing. Fluorescent materials may be organic or inorganic (e.g. pigments or dyes) such as oxide, sulphide, selenide, silicate, phosphate or tungstate of Ca, Ba, Mg, Zn, Cd or Sr, with Mn, Ag, Cu, Sb, Pb or Bi activator or diaminostilbene, fluorescein, thioflavine, cosine or rhodamine B dyes of size 0À1 to 50 Á. Non- luminescent electro phocetic material may be carbon black, graphite or titanium dioxide. Charge control, dispersion or stabilizing agents may be included and electrophocetic particles are preferably coated in a resin not soluble, or only partically so, in the suspension medium, in the latter case acting as fixing agent. Suspension media may be kerosene, trichlorotrifluoroethane, isopropyl alcohol, liquid paraffin, mineral or olive oil; for permanent display, beeswax, vegetable, paraffin or synthetic wax; or thermosetting linseed, soya or tung oil. Liquid suspensions may include polystyrol, vinyl acetate resin or linseed oil, hardening by pressure reduction to effect evaporation or extraction. Fig. 11 (not shown) includes vinyl acetate resin, polystyrol or gelatin insulating layer to assist electrophoretio material removal and improve electrical breakdown resistance. The layer may be cellular with spacer sheet (73) (Figs. 12 and 13, not shown) with square, circular, rectangular or hexagonal holes containing varying colour suspensions (e.g. red, green, blue) selectively energized, or black-greywhite suspension with different coloured filters. A cylindrical device (Fig. 14, not shown) includes A or Kr and Hg, emitting at 2537 on U.V. exutation. The inner cylinder may be fluorescent coated and employed as a fluorescent lamp. In examples, cyanide green B, olive oil, fluorescent particles in ZnS are excited by U.V. radiation or on E field and ZnS, with toluene and vinyl acetate resin coated on polyester fibre produces a porous layer, with propyl alcohol as suspension medium.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP44046702A JPS5015356B1 (en) | 1969-06-12 | 1969-06-12 | |
JP6125769A JPS4947507B1 (en) | 1969-07-31 | 1969-07-31 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB1314906A true GB1314906A (en) | 1973-04-26 |
Family
ID=26386814
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB2858470A Expired GB1314906A (en) | 1969-06-12 | 1970-06-12 | Display devices |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE2029463C3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2051099A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1314906A (en) |
NL (1) | NL154068B (en) |
Cited By (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0703996A1 (en) * | 1993-05-21 | 1996-04-03 | Copytele Inc. | Methods of preparing electrophoretic dispersions containing two types of particles with different colors and opposite charges |
WO1998019208A2 (en) * | 1996-10-25 | 1998-05-07 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Nonemissive displays and piezoelectric power supplies therefor |
US6067185A (en) | 1997-08-28 | 2000-05-23 | E Ink Corporation | Process for creating an encapsulated electrophoretic display |
US6120839A (en) | 1995-07-20 | 2000-09-19 | E Ink Corporation | Electro-osmotic displays and materials for making the same |
US6124851A (en) | 1995-07-20 | 2000-09-26 | E Ink Corporation | Electronic book with multiple page displays |
US6249271B1 (en) | 1995-07-20 | 2001-06-19 | E Ink Corporation | Retroreflective electrophoretic displays and materials for making the same |
US6262833B1 (en) | 1998-10-07 | 2001-07-17 | E Ink Corporation | Capsules for electrophoretic displays and methods for making the same |
US6262706B1 (en) | 1995-07-20 | 2001-07-17 | E Ink Corporation | Retroreflective electrophoretic displays and materials for making the same |
US6300932B1 (en) | 1997-08-28 | 2001-10-09 | E Ink Corporation | Electrophoretic displays with luminescent particles and materials for making the same |
US6377387B1 (en) | 1999-04-06 | 2002-04-23 | E Ink Corporation | Methods for producing droplets for use in capsule-based electrophoretic displays |
US6445489B1 (en) | 1998-03-18 | 2002-09-03 | E Ink Corporation | Electrophoretic displays and systems for addressing such displays |
US6498114B1 (en) | 1999-04-09 | 2002-12-24 | E Ink Corporation | Method for forming a patterned semiconductor film |
US6504524B1 (en) | 2000-03-08 | 2003-01-07 | E Ink Corporation | Addressing methods for displays having zero time-average field |
US6515649B1 (en) | 1995-07-20 | 2003-02-04 | E Ink Corporation | Suspended particle displays and materials for making the same |
US6518949B2 (en) | 1998-04-10 | 2003-02-11 | E Ink Corporation | Electronic displays using organic-based field effect transistors |
US6531997B1 (en) | 1999-04-30 | 2003-03-11 | E Ink Corporation | Methods for addressing electrophoretic displays |
US6683333B2 (en) | 2000-07-14 | 2004-01-27 | E Ink Corporation | Fabrication of electronic circuit elements using unpatterned semiconductor layers |
US6693620B1 (en) | 1999-05-03 | 2004-02-17 | E Ink Corporation | Threshold addressing of electrophoretic displays |
US6704133B2 (en) | 1998-03-18 | 2004-03-09 | E-Ink Corporation | Electro-optic display overlays and systems for addressing such displays |
US6727881B1 (en) | 1995-07-20 | 2004-04-27 | E Ink Corporation | Encapsulated electrophoretic displays and methods and materials for making the same |
US7667684B2 (en) | 1998-07-08 | 2010-02-23 | E Ink Corporation | Methods for achieving improved color in microencapsulated electrophoretic devices |
US7746544B2 (en) | 1995-07-20 | 2010-06-29 | E Ink Corporation | Electro-osmotic displays and materials for making the same |
US7859637B2 (en) | 1999-07-21 | 2010-12-28 | E Ink Corporation | Use of a storage capacitor to enhance the performance of an active matrix driven electronic display |
US8466852B2 (en) | 1998-04-10 | 2013-06-18 | E Ink Corporation | Full color reflective display with multichromatic sub-pixels |
US9005494B2 (en) | 2004-01-20 | 2015-04-14 | E Ink Corporation | Preparation of capsules |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3875457A (en) * | 1972-12-26 | 1975-04-01 | Ibm | Field responsive photoluminescent display devices |
DE2930173A1 (en) * | 1979-07-25 | 1981-03-12 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | PHOSPHORESCENT PASSIVE DISPLAYS |
-
1970
- 1970-06-09 DE DE2029463A patent/DE2029463C3/en not_active Expired
- 1970-06-11 FR FR7021494A patent/FR2051099A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1970-06-11 NL NL707008551A patent/NL154068B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1970-06-12 GB GB2858470A patent/GB1314906A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (32)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0703996A4 (en) * | 1993-05-21 | 1996-07-10 | Copytele Inc | Methods of preparing electrophoretic dispersions containing two types of particles with different colors and opposite charges |
EP0703996A1 (en) * | 1993-05-21 | 1996-04-03 | Copytele Inc. | Methods of preparing electrophoretic dispersions containing two types of particles with different colors and opposite charges |
US7746544B2 (en) | 1995-07-20 | 2010-06-29 | E Ink Corporation | Electro-osmotic displays and materials for making the same |
US6680725B1 (en) | 1995-07-20 | 2004-01-20 | E Ink Corporation | Methods of manufacturing electronically addressable displays |
US6727881B1 (en) | 1995-07-20 | 2004-04-27 | E Ink Corporation | Encapsulated electrophoretic displays and methods and materials for making the same |
US6262706B1 (en) | 1995-07-20 | 2001-07-17 | E Ink Corporation | Retroreflective electrophoretic displays and materials for making the same |
US6120839A (en) | 1995-07-20 | 2000-09-19 | E Ink Corporation | Electro-osmotic displays and materials for making the same |
US6124851A (en) | 1995-07-20 | 2000-09-26 | E Ink Corporation | Electronic book with multiple page displays |
US6515649B1 (en) | 1995-07-20 | 2003-02-04 | E Ink Corporation | Suspended particle displays and materials for making the same |
US6249271B1 (en) | 1995-07-20 | 2001-06-19 | E Ink Corporation | Retroreflective electrophoretic displays and materials for making the same |
US6130773A (en) * | 1996-10-25 | 2000-10-10 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Nonemissive displays and piezoelectric power supplies therefor |
US5930026A (en) * | 1996-10-25 | 1999-07-27 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Nonemissive displays and piezoelectric power supplies therefor |
WO1998019208A3 (en) * | 1996-10-25 | 1998-07-09 | Massachusetts Inst Technology | Nonemissive displays and piezoelectric power supplies therefor |
WO1998019208A2 (en) * | 1996-10-25 | 1998-05-07 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Nonemissive displays and piezoelectric power supplies therefor |
US6067185A (en) | 1997-08-28 | 2000-05-23 | E Ink Corporation | Process for creating an encapsulated electrophoretic display |
US6300932B1 (en) | 1997-08-28 | 2001-10-09 | E Ink Corporation | Electrophoretic displays with luminescent particles and materials for making the same |
US6392785B1 (en) | 1997-08-28 | 2002-05-21 | E Ink Corporation | Non-spherical cavity electrophoretic displays and materials for making the same |
US6704133B2 (en) | 1998-03-18 | 2004-03-09 | E-Ink Corporation | Electro-optic display overlays and systems for addressing such displays |
US6445489B1 (en) | 1998-03-18 | 2002-09-03 | E Ink Corporation | Electrophoretic displays and systems for addressing such displays |
US6518949B2 (en) | 1998-04-10 | 2003-02-11 | E Ink Corporation | Electronic displays using organic-based field effect transistors |
US8466852B2 (en) | 1998-04-10 | 2013-06-18 | E Ink Corporation | Full color reflective display with multichromatic sub-pixels |
US9293511B2 (en) | 1998-07-08 | 2016-03-22 | E Ink Corporation | Methods for achieving improved color in microencapsulated electrophoretic devices |
US7667684B2 (en) | 1998-07-08 | 2010-02-23 | E Ink Corporation | Methods for achieving improved color in microencapsulated electrophoretic devices |
US6262833B1 (en) | 1998-10-07 | 2001-07-17 | E Ink Corporation | Capsules for electrophoretic displays and methods for making the same |
US6377387B1 (en) | 1999-04-06 | 2002-04-23 | E Ink Corporation | Methods for producing droplets for use in capsule-based electrophoretic displays |
US6498114B1 (en) | 1999-04-09 | 2002-12-24 | E Ink Corporation | Method for forming a patterned semiconductor film |
US6531997B1 (en) | 1999-04-30 | 2003-03-11 | E Ink Corporation | Methods for addressing electrophoretic displays |
US6693620B1 (en) | 1999-05-03 | 2004-02-17 | E Ink Corporation | Threshold addressing of electrophoretic displays |
US7859637B2 (en) | 1999-07-21 | 2010-12-28 | E Ink Corporation | Use of a storage capacitor to enhance the performance of an active matrix driven electronic display |
US6504524B1 (en) | 2000-03-08 | 2003-01-07 | E Ink Corporation | Addressing methods for displays having zero time-average field |
US6683333B2 (en) | 2000-07-14 | 2004-01-27 | E Ink Corporation | Fabrication of electronic circuit elements using unpatterned semiconductor layers |
US9005494B2 (en) | 2004-01-20 | 2015-04-14 | E Ink Corporation | Preparation of capsules |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL7008551A (en) | 1970-12-15 |
NL154068B (en) | 1977-07-15 |
DE2029463B2 (en) | 1973-04-12 |
DE2029463A1 (en) | 1971-02-25 |
FR2051099A5 (en) | 1971-04-02 |
DE2029463C3 (en) | 1973-11-15 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
746 | Register noted 'licences of right' (sect. 46/1977) | ||
PE20 | Patent expired after termination of 20 years |