GB1256395A - Electrical surface heating - Google Patents
Electrical surface heatingInfo
- Publication number
- GB1256395A GB1256395A GB22063/69A GB2206369A GB1256395A GB 1256395 A GB1256395 A GB 1256395A GB 22063/69 A GB22063/69 A GB 22063/69A GB 2206369 A GB2206369 A GB 2206369A GB 1256395 A GB1256395 A GB 1256395A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- heating
- resin
- graphite
- metal strips
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title abstract 11
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 abstract 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- WFUGQJXVXHBTEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroperoxy-2-(2-hydroperoxybutan-2-ylperoxy)butane Chemical compound CCC(C)(OO)OOC(C)(CC)OO WFUGQJXVXHBTEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
- H05B3/286—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an organic material, e.g. plastic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D15/00—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft
- B64D15/12—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft by electric heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
- F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
- H05B3/283—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/026—Heaters specially adapted for floor heating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Central Heating Systems (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
1,256,395. Laminated heating elements. K. GAISER, E. KRAFT, D. GOTZ, and H. HAUSER. 30 April, 1969 [11 May, 1968], No. 22063/69. Heading B5N. [Also in Division H5] A surface heating resistor comprises a layer 3 of graphite in a cold setting, synthetic casting resin, sandwiched between two insulating layers 2, 4, e.g. of synthetic resin, and provided with suitable current supply terminals 7, Fig. 2 (not shown). The layer 3 may be 50-70% polyester resin and 50-30% graphite, and this resin may be 35-45% weakly reactive polyester resin and 10-20% medium reactive polyester resin and up to 5% monomeric reactive ester resin. The mixture also contains conventional accelerators for cold curing purposes, and other additions, such as 1À5-1À7% methylethyl ketone peroxide and paraffin wax. In an alternative, the layer 3 is 40-70% polyurethane resin and 60-30% graphite. Epoxy resins, alkyd resins and phenol resins are further alternatives. The heating layers are applied by coating, painting or spraying or the heating elements are preformed plates or films, possibly strengthened with glass fibres, or are cast in situ. An earthed protective layer 5 and an outer mechanically protective layer 6 are provided. One layer can be provided as a heat storage layer, and the layers 5, 6 preferably have high heat conductivity. Applications to space heating and deicing are mentioned, particularly floors, walls, ceilings, partitions, roads, bridges, terraces, pathways and aircraft surfaces. When the heating layer is a film, it may be calendered and then cut to the necessary dimensions. It can be supplied in long webs or cut pieces. The heating element can be operated direct from the mains supply or via a transformer. Terminals 7 may be perforated strips embedded in the heating layer 3. Alternatively, metal strips line the edges of layer 3 and a plurality of heating elements are interconnected in series or parallel using contact springs between these metal strips. Additional metal strips may be embedded in layer 3 for optional connection to a current supply, e.g. to improve the current distribution or to allow for acceleration of hardening of the heating layer.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19681778570 DE1778570A1 (en) | 1968-05-11 | 1968-05-11 | Electric surface heating |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1256395A true GB1256395A (en) | 1971-12-08 |
Family
ID=5703508
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB22063/69A Expired GB1256395A (en) | 1968-05-11 | 1969-04-30 | Electrical surface heating |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT289969B (en) |
| CH (1) | CH506226A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1778570A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2008334A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1256395A (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1995012785A1 (en) * | 1993-11-03 | 1995-05-11 | Darcon Golvsystem Ab | Surface heater, method for manufacturing same, construction element and use thereof |
| FR2798548A1 (en) * | 1999-09-15 | 2001-03-16 | Muller Et Cie | Radiator electrical heating unit having calorific source mains fed/outer guard cover and intermediate electrically conducting screen neutral mains connected. |
| GB2423224A (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2006-08-16 | Goodrich Corp | Heated floor panel for aircraft |
| WO2009055959A1 (en) * | 2007-10-29 | 2009-05-07 | Boquan Wang | Electric heating panel, and manufacturing method and usage thereof |
| ITAL20100001A1 (en) * | 2010-01-07 | 2011-07-08 | Francesco Calogero | THERMO-RADIANT PANEL FOR AIR-CONDITIONING OF ENVIRONMENTS AND METHOD FOR ITS REALIZATION. |
| CN112178742A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-01-05 | 付成龙 | Electric heating floor heating pipe |
| CN112591105A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-02 | 中国航空工业集团公司成都飞机设计研究所 | Electric heating and self-lubricating composite anti-icing and deicing functional structure |
| CN112629093A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-04-09 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Method for removing ice growing on surface of film hot knife and model |
| NO20191312A1 (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2021-05-05 | Safe Arctic As | A heat module for a flooring, a heat module device, a heat module arrangement, a method for producing a heat module, and use of such module, device and arrangement |
| CN113079596A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-07-06 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Electric heating membrane assembly and forming method thereof |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FI80828C (en) * | 1988-04-08 | 1990-08-10 | Piscina Oy | ANORDINATION FOR THE END OF VAT. |
| JPH02504197A (en) * | 1988-05-04 | 1990-11-29 | アクリリコン ノルゲ エーエス | surface coating |
| AU6275190A (en) * | 1989-09-14 | 1991-04-18 | Norina Bautechnik Gmbh | Floor with electrical resistance heating |
| DE4036849A1 (en) * | 1990-11-19 | 1992-05-21 | Buchtal Gmbh | ELECTRICALLY HEATED CERAMIC PLATE |
| DE4036848A1 (en) * | 1990-11-19 | 1992-05-21 | Buchtal Gmbh | HEATABLE COATING FROM CERAMIC COVER PANELS |
| GB2281017B (en) * | 1991-04-26 | 1995-05-03 | Merriott Mouldings Limited | A heating device |
| DE19726689B8 (en) * | 1997-06-24 | 2008-02-28 | Ts Thermo Systeme Gmbh | Electric heating system for heating a room in flats and buildings by large-scale heat dissipation |
| DE102006012647B4 (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2008-01-31 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Heating system and component with such a heating system |
| US8630534B2 (en) | 2006-03-20 | 2014-01-14 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | Heating system and component with such a heating system |
| DE102006024383A1 (en) | 2006-05-24 | 2007-11-29 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Device for increasing individual comfort in an aircraft |
| CN103974470A (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2014-08-06 | 刘佳 | Epoxy fiber plate heat insulation module |
| DE102017011019A1 (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-05-29 | ZKS Effektiv Heizung GmbH | Building material mixture for use as an electrical heating material mixture and radiator with such a building material mixture |
| CN111289804B (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2021-02-19 | 西南交通大学 | Method for evaluating correlation between transformer oil paper insulation dielectric response and paraffin content |
-
1968
- 1968-05-11 DE DE19681778570 patent/DE1778570A1/en active Pending
-
1969
- 1969-04-25 CH CH633369A patent/CH506226A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-04-28 AT AT407669A patent/AT289969B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-04-30 GB GB22063/69A patent/GB1256395A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-05-08 FR FR6915174A patent/FR2008334A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1995012785A1 (en) * | 1993-11-03 | 1995-05-11 | Darcon Golvsystem Ab | Surface heater, method for manufacturing same, construction element and use thereof |
| FR2798548A1 (en) * | 1999-09-15 | 2001-03-16 | Muller Et Cie | Radiator electrical heating unit having calorific source mains fed/outer guard cover and intermediate electrically conducting screen neutral mains connected. |
| GB2423224A (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2006-08-16 | Goodrich Corp | Heated floor panel for aircraft |
| GB2423224B (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2008-04-02 | Goodrich Corp | Aircraft floor panel |
| WO2009055959A1 (en) * | 2007-10-29 | 2009-05-07 | Boquan Wang | Electric heating panel, and manufacturing method and usage thereof |
| ITAL20100001A1 (en) * | 2010-01-07 | 2011-07-08 | Francesco Calogero | THERMO-RADIANT PANEL FOR AIR-CONDITIONING OF ENVIRONMENTS AND METHOD FOR ITS REALIZATION. |
| NO20191312A1 (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2021-05-05 | Safe Arctic As | A heat module for a flooring, a heat module device, a heat module arrangement, a method for producing a heat module, and use of such module, device and arrangement |
| CN112178742A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-01-05 | 付成龙 | Electric heating floor heating pipe |
| CN112591105A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-02 | 中国航空工业集团公司成都飞机设计研究所 | Electric heating and self-lubricating composite anti-icing and deicing functional structure |
| CN112629093A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-04-09 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Method for removing ice growing on surface of film hot knife and model |
| CN112629093B (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-07-02 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Method for removing ice growing on surface of film hot knife and model |
| CN113079596A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-07-06 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Electric heating membrane assembly and forming method thereof |
| CN113079596B (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2022-06-03 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Electric heating membrane assembly and forming method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AT289969B (en) | 1971-05-10 |
| FR2008334A1 (en) | 1970-01-16 |
| DE1778570A1 (en) | 1972-03-23 |
| CH506226A (en) | 1971-04-15 |
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