GB1177748A - Improvements in or Relating to Reverse Osmosis Membranes - Google Patents
Improvements in or Relating to Reverse Osmosis MembranesInfo
- Publication number
- GB1177748A GB1177748A GB47776/68A GB4777668A GB1177748A GB 1177748 A GB1177748 A GB 1177748A GB 47776/68 A GB47776/68 A GB 47776/68A GB 4777668 A GB4777668 A GB 4777668A GB 1177748 A GB1177748 A GB 1177748A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- water
- membrane
- meoh
- acid
- solvent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title abstract 12
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 title abstract 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- -1 aluminium halide Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- ISPYQTSUDJAMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1Cl ISPYQTSUDJAMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004953 Aliphatic polyamide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004279 X-ray Guinier Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920003231 aliphatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- RNFNDJAIBTYOQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloral hydrate Chemical compound OC(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl RNFNDJAIBTYOQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229960002327 chloral hydrate Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940106681 chloroacetic acid Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002535 lyotropic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium thiocyanate Chemical compound [K+].[S-]C#N ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001988 small-angle X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229960004319 trichloroacetic acid Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004736 wide-angle X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
- B01D67/0093—Chemical modification
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/56—Polyamides, e.g. polyester-amides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/30—Cross-linking
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
1,177,748. Reverse osmosis membranes. E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & Co. 9 Oct., 1968 [11 Oct., 1967], No. 47776/68. Heading B5B. [Also in Division B1] A reverse osmosis membrane comprises a substantially linear, aliphatic polyamide having a thickness of 2-75Á and which has, when dry, (a) a crystal perfection index, determined by wide-angle X-ray diffraction of at least 90, (b) a small-angle X-ray diffraction pattern indicating the presence of scattering centres having an extra plated intercept scattering intensity at zero scattering angle of 50-220, when determined by the Dismore small-angle soft X-ray method, and calculated by the method of Guinier and (c) a water permeability of 50- 50,000 gall/day/1000 sq. ft. under the influence of an effective reverse osmosis pressure of 1000 p.s.i. The calculations necessary for the above factors are detailed in the Specification. The membrane is made by treating a polyamide membrane of appropriate thickness with a composition comprising (A) 1-100% of a treating agent which is selected from (i) a protonic acid having a pKa in water not greater than 10À3 and a pH in 0À01M aqueous solution not greater than 6À3 at 25 C., (ii) a lyotropic salt (defined in the specification) or (iii) a Lewis acid which is an aluminium halide of Formula AlX 3 , where X is Cl or Br, or a boron halide of formula BX<SP>1</SP> 3 , where X<SP>1</SP> is F, Cl or Br, and (B) 0-99% of a solvent for (A) which is inert to both (A) and the membrane, and is essentially a non-solvent for the membrane, at a temperature at least high enough to maintain the composition as a single phase, but below its b.pt., for at least one second, the conditions of temperature, time, concentration of (A) and choice of (B) being such that, when the membrane is dried to constant weight, treated as above, and again dried to constant weight, a weight loss of 1-35% is obtained, the treated membrane being finally rinsed in a medium containing at least 25% of water, and which is a solvent for (A) and is essentially inert to the treated membrane under the rinse conditions. The membrane may take the form of a flat film or hollow filament. Nylon 6 and nylon 66 are exemplified. Many treating agents are listed, the following being exemplified (stated as treating agent/solvent); formic acid/water; HCl/water; trichloracetic acid/water; chloroacetic acid/OHCl 3 ; H 3 PO 4 /water; formic acid/ CHCl 3 ; glacial acetic acid; o-chlorophenol/ EtOH; phenol/pyridine; phenol/water; chloralhydrate/water; KSCN/MeOH; FeCl 3 /MeOH; CaCl 2 /aq. MeOH; CaCl 2 /aq. dimethylacetamide; ZnBr 2 /water; ZnCl 2 , Zn(NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O, CoCl 2 , Co(NO 3 .) 2 .6H 2 O, MnCl 2 or MnBr 2 .4H 2 O/ MeOH and BF 3 /MeOH. Washing may be effected with pure water, ethanol, or aq. NaOH. The membranes are especially useful in removing SO 4 -and PO 4 -ions from brackish water.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US67442567A | 1967-10-11 | 1967-10-11 | |
| DE19681801651 DE1801651B2 (en) | 1967-10-11 | 1968-10-07 | HYPERFILTRATION MEMBRANE, THE PROCESS FOR THEIR MANUFACTURING AND THEIR USE FOR THE SEPARATION OF LIQUID MIXTURES |
| NL6816328A NL6816328A (en) | 1967-10-11 | 1968-11-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1177748A true GB1177748A (en) | 1970-01-14 |
Family
ID=27181523
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB47776/68A Expired GB1177748A (en) | 1967-10-11 | 1968-10-09 | Improvements in or Relating to Reverse Osmosis Membranes |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE1801651B2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR1602378A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1177748A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL6816328A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111603949A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-09-01 | 杭州科百特科技有限公司 | Nylon membrane and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111603947A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-09-01 | 杭州科百特科技有限公司 | Nylon membrane with support and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112981413A (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2021-06-18 | 沧州进展化工有限公司 | Special corrosion inhibitor for calcium chloride |
| CN113019142A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-06-25 | 河北工业大学 | Post-treatment modification method of polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5035032B1 (en) * | 1970-12-26 | 1975-11-13 | ||
| US3808303A (en) * | 1971-12-30 | 1974-04-30 | Du Pont | Ether treatment of nitrogen-containing polymer membranes |
| US4263053A (en) * | 1979-04-23 | 1981-04-21 | Mckinnon Jr Charles N | Method for cleaning and drying hollow fibers |
-
1968
- 1968-10-07 DE DE19681801651 patent/DE1801651B2/en active Pending
- 1968-10-09 GB GB47776/68A patent/GB1177748A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-10-11 FR FR1602378D patent/FR1602378A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-11-15 NL NL6816328A patent/NL6816328A/xx unknown
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111603949A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-09-01 | 杭州科百特科技有限公司 | Nylon membrane and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111603947A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-09-01 | 杭州科百特科技有限公司 | Nylon membrane with support and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111603949B (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2023-06-30 | 杭州科百特科技有限公司 | Nylon membrane and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111603947B (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2023-08-01 | 杭州科百特科技有限公司 | Nylon membrane with support and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112981413A (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2021-06-18 | 沧州进展化工有限公司 | Special corrosion inhibitor for calcium chloride |
| CN113019142A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-06-25 | 河北工业大学 | Post-treatment modification method of polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE1801651A1 (en) | 1970-10-01 |
| NL6816328A (en) | 1970-05-20 |
| FR1602378A (en) | 1970-11-16 |
| DE1801651B2 (en) | 1972-04-06 |
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