GB1133957A - Flame resistant polyurethane compositions and production of ammonium polyphosphates for use therein - Google Patents

Abstract

1,133,957. Ammonium polyphosphates. MONSANTO CO. 21 Dec., 1965 [22 Dec., 1964 (2)], No. 54077/65. Heading C1A. [Also in Division C3] Substantially water - insoluble crystalline ammonium polyphosphates of the general formula H n-m+ 2 (NH 4 ) m P n O 3n+1 wherein n is an integer with an average value greater than 10, the maximum value of m is m n + 2 and - is between 0.7 and 1À1, are produced n by thermally condensing (e.g. at 100-350‹ C.) a composition comprising a phosphate containing material together with an ammoniating and condensing agent, or with a combined ammoniating and condensing agent, in the presence as additive of at least 1 part per 10 parts by weight of the composition of a crystalline ammonium polyphosphate as defined above. The phosphate containing material is preferably present in amounts to yield at least 1 mole of ammonia per mole of phosphorous. As phosphate containing materials there are detailed those materials containing or yielding on hydrolysis at least one PO<SP>3</SP> 4 -group, e.g. monoammonium orthophosphate, diammonium orthophosphate, tri - ammonium orthophosphate, orthophosphoric acid, condensed phosphoric acid, phosphorous pentoxide, phosphorous oxyhalides and mixtures of the above. Ammoniating agents detailed are those which supply or release ammonia under the conditions of the thermal condensation reaction, e.g. gaseous ammonia, liquid ammonia, inorganic ammonium salts containing non-oxidizing anions (e.g. halides, carbonates and sulphides) and including ammonium hydroxide, hydroxylamine chloride and fluoride, mono-, di-, and tri-ammonium orthophosphates, ammonium pyrophosphates, urea phosphate, and mixtures of the above. Condensing agents detailed are those which remove water from the system during thermal condensation, e.g. P 2 0 5 , phosphorous oxyhalides, urea phosphates, phosphorous pentahalides and mixtures of the above. Combined ammoniating and condensing agents detailed are nitrogenous compounds capable of releasing ammoniacal nitrogen and condensing with the phosphorous containing materials, e.g. compounds containing one or more amide groups, particularly primary amides and containing the elements carbon and/or sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen as well as no Carbon-carbon bonds. Urea, ammonium carbamate, biuret, sulphamide, sulphamic acid, ammonium sulphamate, guanyl urea, methyl urea, formamide, amino urea, 1-3-di-amino urea and biurea are listed. The ammonium polyphosphates may be incorporated into a composition for making a flame resistant polyurethane composition.