GB1078663A - Improvements in or relating to continuous chemical reactions - Google Patents

Improvements in or relating to continuous chemical reactions

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Publication number
GB1078663A
GB1078663A GB3270164A GB3270164A GB1078663A GB 1078663 A GB1078663 A GB 1078663A GB 3270164 A GB3270164 A GB 3270164A GB 3270164 A GB3270164 A GB 3270164A GB 1078663 A GB1078663 A GB 1078663A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
vessel
inlet
vessels
outlet
column
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB3270164A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to GB3270164A priority Critical patent/GB1078663A/en
Publication of GB1078663A publication Critical patent/GB1078663A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
    • C07C2/86—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon
    • C07C2/861—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon the non-hydrocarbon contains only halogen as hetero-atoms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J10/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting liquid with gaseous media other than in the presence of solid particles, or apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
    • B01J19/1862—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside placed in series
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B01J19/2415—Tubular reactors
    • B01J19/242—Tubular reactors in series
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/20—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium
    • B01J8/22—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium gas being introduced into the liquid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C303/00—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides
    • C07C303/02—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of sulfonic acids or halides thereof
    • C07C303/04—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of sulfonic acids or halides thereof by substitution of hydrogen atoms by sulfo or halosulfonyl groups
    • C07C303/06—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of sulfonic acids or halides thereof by substitution of hydrogen atoms by sulfo or halosulfonyl groups by reaction with sulfuric acid or sulfur trioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C37/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C37/62—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by introduction of halogen; by substitution of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
    • C07C67/08—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D213/81—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12J—VINEGAR; PREPARATION OR PURIFICATION THEREOF
    • C12J1/00—Vinegar; Preparation or purification thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00054—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system
    • B01J2219/00056—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system involving measured parameters
    • B01J2219/00058—Temperature measurement
    • B01J2219/00063—Temperature measurement of the reactants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00132—Controlling the temperature using electric heating or cooling elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00159—Controlling the temperature controlling multiple zones along the direction of flow, e.g. pre-heating and after-cooling

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

<PICT:1078663/C4-C5/1> A vertical reaction column, suitable for the continuous alkylation of benzene with C10- 14 alkyl chlorides in the presence of AlCl3, comprises a series of reaction vessels 1, the top one having an inlet for a liquid reactant and each having its own heating or cooling coil 8, an overflow outlet 5 to the vessel below, and a gas inlet 12. At least some vessels may also have thermometer wells 10, outlets 11 for removing some or all reaction products, a rotary agitator 6, and at least one inlet 9 for further solid and/or liquid reactants. Inlet 9 may open above a downcomer 5 to facilitate mixing. In addition, a vent 3 is provided which allows gases to leave. In Fig. 1, vents 3 enclose the agitator shaft 4 and pass all gases upwards to an outlet in the top vessel, or alternatively (Fig. 2, not shown) each vessel has an independent gas vent, either straight through its own wall or up through the vessel above and then through that vessel's wall. The gas outlet or individual vents in each case may connect to a pressure retaining valve or a vacuum pump.ALSO:<PICT:1078663/C6-C7/1> A vertical reaction column, used for continuous chemical reactions or for distilling or evaporation, comprises a series of reaction vessels 1, the top one having an inlet for a liquid reactant and each having its own heating or cooling coil 8, an overflow outlet 5 to the vessel below, and a gas inlet 12. At least some vessels may also have thermometer wells 10, outlets 11 for removing some or all reaction products, a rotary agitator 6, and at least one inlet 9 for further solid and/or liquid reactants. Inlet 9 may open above a downcomer 5 to facilitate mixing. In addition, a vent 3 is provided which allows gases to leave. In Fig. 1, vents 3 enclose the agitator shaft 4 and pass all gases upwards to an outlet in the top vessel, or alternatively Fig. 2 (not shown) each vessel has an independent gas vent, either straight through its own wall or up through the vessel above and then through that vessel's wall. The gas outlet or individual vents in each case may connect to a pressure retaining valve or a vacuum pump. An example is directed to the making of vinegar by action of a Mycoderma aceti culture on 12% ethyl alcohol flowing down a 32-vessel column, sterilized air being added to each vessel. Other fermentation reactions mentioned are the production of ethanol, butanol, acetone and citric acid.ALSO:<PICT:1078663/C2/1> A vertical reaction column, used for continuous chemical reactions or for distilling or evaporation, comprises a series of reaction vessels 1, the top one having an inlet for a liquid reactant and each having its own heating or cooling coil 8, an overflow outlet 5 to the vessel below, and a gas inlet 12. At least some vessels may also have thermometer wells 10, outlets 11 for removing some or all reaction products, a rotary agitator 6, and at least one inlet 9 for further solid and/or liquid reactants. Inlet 9 may open above a downcomer 5 to facilitate mixing. In addition, a vent 3 is provided which allows gases to leave. In Fig. 1, vents 3 enclose the agitator shaft 4 and pass all gases upwards to an outlet in the top vessel, or alternatively (Fig. 2, not shown) each vessel has an independent gas vent, either straight through its own wall or up through the vessel above and then through that vessel's wall. The gas outlet or individual vents in each case may connect to a pressure retaining valve or a vacuum pump. Particular chemical reactions exemplified are: making benzene sulphonic acid in a 14-stage column, H2SO4 entering the top vessel and benzene being injected into each of the upper 12 vessels; making p-chloro-o-cresol in a 24-stage column, o-cresol entering at the top and sulphuryl chloride being added to the top 20 vessels to obtain at the bottom a 96% mono-chloro-o-cresol mixture which is subsequently fractionated; making p-chlorophenol by reacting phenol and sulphuryl chloride as in the last example; making nicotinic acid amide, an aqueous solution of ammonium nicotinate entering the top vessel at 90 DEG C. and being heated to 140 DEG C. as it descends through 50 vessels, into each of which NH3 is bubbled; making dibutyl maleate by passing a mixture of maleic anhydride, butyl alcohol and H2SO4 down a column and injecting gasoline into each vessel.
GB3270164A 1964-08-11 1964-08-11 Improvements in or relating to continuous chemical reactions Expired GB1078663A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB3270164A GB1078663A (en) 1964-08-11 1964-08-11 Improvements in or relating to continuous chemical reactions

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB3270164A GB1078663A (en) 1964-08-11 1964-08-11 Improvements in or relating to continuous chemical reactions

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB1078663A true GB1078663A (en) 1967-08-09

Family

ID=10342729

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB3270164A Expired GB1078663A (en) 1964-08-11 1964-08-11 Improvements in or relating to continuous chemical reactions

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (1) GB1078663A (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2322864A1 (en) * 1975-09-02 1977-04-01 Lummus Co CONTINUOUS PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NICOTINAMIDE
EP0113416A1 (en) * 1982-12-02 1984-07-18 BASF Aktiengesellschaft Process for the preparation of nicotinic-acid amide
FR2836481A1 (en) * 2002-02-22 2003-08-29 Reithem On-site plant for cultivating micro-organisms, such as bacteria, has reaction vessel with conservation zone for volume of culture
ITPD20120123A1 (en) * 2012-04-20 2013-10-21 Serichim S R L MULTIFUNCTIONAL CHEMICAL REACTOR
CN113274961A (en) * 2021-05-31 2021-08-20 浙江宝泽高分子材料有限公司 Preparation method and production equipment of organic silicon foam homogenizing agent

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2322864A1 (en) * 1975-09-02 1977-04-01 Lummus Co CONTINUOUS PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NICOTINAMIDE
EP0113416A1 (en) * 1982-12-02 1984-07-18 BASF Aktiengesellschaft Process for the preparation of nicotinic-acid amide
FR2836481A1 (en) * 2002-02-22 2003-08-29 Reithem On-site plant for cultivating micro-organisms, such as bacteria, has reaction vessel with conservation zone for volume of culture
ITPD20120123A1 (en) * 2012-04-20 2013-10-21 Serichim S R L MULTIFUNCTIONAL CHEMICAL REACTOR
WO2013156973A1 (en) 2012-04-20 2013-10-24 Serichim S.R.L. Multifunctional chemical reactor
CN113274961A (en) * 2021-05-31 2021-08-20 浙江宝泽高分子材料有限公司 Preparation method and production equipment of organic silicon foam homogenizing agent

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