GB1043748A - Controlled polymerization process - Google Patents

Controlled polymerization process

Info

Publication number
GB1043748A
GB1043748A GB3958863A GB3958863A GB1043748A GB 1043748 A GB1043748 A GB 1043748A GB 3958863 A GB3958863 A GB 3958863A GB 3958863 A GB3958863 A GB 3958863A GB 1043748 A GB1043748 A GB 1043748A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
polymerization
catalyst
temperature
styrene
polymerizing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB3958863A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Czech Academy of Sciences CAS
Original Assignee
Czech Academy of Sciences CAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Czech Academy of Sciences CAS filed Critical Czech Academy of Sciences CAS
Publication of GB1043748A publication Critical patent/GB1043748A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J19/0013—Controlling the temperature of the process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00087—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor
    • B01J2219/00099—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor the reactor being immersed in the heat exchange medium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/19—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor
    • B01J2219/194—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor round
    • B01J2219/1941—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor round circular or disk-shaped
    • B01J2219/1942—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor round circular or disk-shaped spherical

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

Linear polymers and copolymers are produced by a chain addition polymerization process in the presence of a polymerization initiator or catalyst, which decomposes under polymerization conditions by a first order reaction to form free radicals or ions, the polymerization being carried out in a non-stationary state at such temperature that the major part of each portion of the added polymerization initiator or catalyst is consumed during a period of from one to fifteen minutes, and the polymerization being controlled by feeding or metering said polymerization initiator or catalyst into the polymerizing medium at such a rate that the temperature of the polymerizing mixture is kept at a substantially constant level. (The expression "stationary state" means that state during which the concentration of free radicals or ions remains unchanged, their rates of creation and destruction being the same.) Preferably, the polymerization temperature does not exceed 80 DEG C. and suitable catalysts for such low-temperature polymerization include peracetals, peroxides, hydroperoxides, alkyl hyponitrites, azo compounds and azides. The polymerizing medium is generally maintained in a liquid state, the process therefore being particularly suitable for solvent, precipitation and emulsion polymerization and for making prepolymers where the polymer is soluble in the monomer. The process can be carried out in a continuous manner. Examples illustrate the formation of methyl methacrylate and styrene prepolymers using cetyl hyponitrite and methyl azoisobutyrate respectively as catalysts, and the solution polymerization of acrylonitrile using cetyl hyponitrite as catalyst. The ionic polymerization of styrene using a complex of anhydrous aluminium or iron trichloride with a ,b -dibromo-styrene is also referred to.
GB3958863A 1962-10-08 1963-10-08 Controlled polymerization process Expired GB1043748A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CS572662 1962-10-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB1043748A true GB1043748A (en) 1966-09-28

Family

ID=5402687

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB3958863A Expired GB1043748A (en) 1962-10-08 1963-10-08 Controlled polymerization process

Country Status (3)

Country Link
DE (1) DE1245128B (en)
GB (1) GB1043748A (en)
NL (1) NL298888A (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140357814A1 (en) * 2008-12-22 2014-12-04 ATRP Solutions, Inc. Control Over Controlled Radical Polymerization Processes
US20150259449A1 (en) * 2008-12-22 2015-09-17 ATRP Solutions, Inc. Control over Reverse Addition Fragmentation Transfer Polymerization Processes
US9587064B2 (en) 2010-12-08 2017-03-07 ATRP Solutions, Inc. Salt-tolerant star macromolecules
US9783628B2 (en) 2009-04-23 2017-10-10 ATRP Solutions, Inc. Dual-mechanism thickening agents for hydraulic fracturing fluids
US10259901B2 (en) 2013-02-04 2019-04-16 Pilot Polymer Technologies, Inc. Salt-tolerant star macromolecules
US10336848B2 (en) 2014-07-03 2019-07-02 Pilot Polymer Technologies, Inc. Surfactant-compatible star macromolecules
US10654960B2 (en) 2012-08-30 2020-05-19 Pilot Polymer Technologies, Inc. Dual-mechanism thickening agents for hydraulic fracturing fluids

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0004851B1 (en) 1978-04-22 1983-07-13 Röhm Gmbh Process for the partial polymerisation of vinyl monomers and use of the polymer syrups obtained

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB894429A (en) * 1957-08-30 1962-04-18 Du Pont Improvements in and relating to polymerization

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9856331B2 (en) * 2008-12-22 2018-01-02 ATRP Solutions, Inc. Control over reverse addition fragmentation transfer polymerization processes
US20150191552A1 (en) * 2008-12-22 2015-07-09 ATRP Solutions, Inc. Control Over Reverse Addition Fragmentation Transfer Polymerization Processes
US20150259449A1 (en) * 2008-12-22 2015-09-17 ATRP Solutions, Inc. Control over Reverse Addition Fragmentation Transfer Polymerization Processes
US9518136B2 (en) * 2008-12-22 2016-12-13 ATRP Solutions, Inc. Control over reverse addition fragmentation transfer polymerization processes
US9546225B2 (en) * 2008-12-22 2017-01-17 ATRP Solutions, Inc. Control over controlled radical polymerization processes
US11390696B2 (en) * 2008-12-22 2022-07-19 Pilot Polymer Technologies, Inc. Control over controlled radical polymerization processes
US20140357814A1 (en) * 2008-12-22 2014-12-04 ATRP Solutions, Inc. Control Over Controlled Radical Polymerization Processes
US9783628B2 (en) 2009-04-23 2017-10-10 ATRP Solutions, Inc. Dual-mechanism thickening agents for hydraulic fracturing fluids
US9587064B2 (en) 2010-12-08 2017-03-07 ATRP Solutions, Inc. Salt-tolerant star macromolecules
US10654960B2 (en) 2012-08-30 2020-05-19 Pilot Polymer Technologies, Inc. Dual-mechanism thickening agents for hydraulic fracturing fluids
US10259901B2 (en) 2013-02-04 2019-04-16 Pilot Polymer Technologies, Inc. Salt-tolerant star macromolecules
US11370871B2 (en) 2013-02-04 2022-06-28 Pilot Polymer Technologies, Inc. Salt-tolerant star macromolecules
US10336848B2 (en) 2014-07-03 2019-07-02 Pilot Polymer Technologies, Inc. Surfactant-compatible star macromolecules

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL298888A (en)
DE1245128B (en) 1967-07-20

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