GB1001359A - Refractory carbides - Google Patents

Refractory carbides

Info

Publication number
GB1001359A
GB1001359A GB26565/61A GB2656561A GB1001359A GB 1001359 A GB1001359 A GB 1001359A GB 26565/61 A GB26565/61 A GB 26565/61A GB 2656561 A GB2656561 A GB 2656561A GB 1001359 A GB1001359 A GB 1001359A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
carbide
spherules
carbon
isolating
medium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB26565/61A
Inventor
Harold G Sowman
James R Johnson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3M Co
Original Assignee
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co filed Critical Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Priority to GB26565/61A priority Critical patent/GB1001359A/en
Priority to GB15298/65A priority patent/GB1001360A/en
Priority to FR881537A priority patent/FR1311516A/en
Publication of GB1001359A publication Critical patent/GB1001359A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/628—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/62802—Powder coating materials
    • C04B35/62828—Non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/62839—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
    • B22F1/065—Spherical particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/90—Carbides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/90—Carbides
    • C01B32/914—Carbides of single elements
    • C01B32/928—Carbides of actinides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/90—Carbides
    • C01B32/914—Carbides of single elements
    • C01B32/991—Boron carbide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/51—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on compounds of actinides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
    • G21C3/42—Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel
    • G21C3/58—Solid reactor fuel Pellets made of fissile material
    • G21C3/62—Ceramic fuel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C7/00—Control of nuclear reaction
    • G21C7/02—Control of nuclear reaction by using self-regulating properties of reactor materials, e.g. Doppler effect
    • G21C7/04—Control of nuclear reaction by using self-regulating properties of reactor materials, e.g. Doppler effect of burnable poisons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
    • C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
    • C01P2002/54—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants one element only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/30—Particle morphology extending in three dimensions
    • C01P2004/32—Spheres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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    • C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
    • C01P2004/82—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/32—Thermal properties
    • C01P2006/33—Phase transition temperatures
    • C01P2006/34—Melting temperatures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/42—Non metallic elements added as constituents or additives, e.g. sulfur, phosphor, selenium or tellurium
    • C04B2235/422—Carbon
    • C04B2235/425—Graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/528—Spheres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
    • C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
    • C04B2235/5427—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof millimeter or submillimeter sized, i.e. larger than 0,1 mm
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/72—Products characterised by the absence or the low content of specific components, e.g. alkali metal free alumina ceramics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

Crystalline carbide spherules of uranium carbide, thorium carbide, or uranium (thorium) carbide of diameter 10m to 125 mils. are prepared by heating discrete irregular particles of these carbides uniformly dispersed throughout a finely divided inert solid isolating medium in a non-reactive atmosphere to above the melting point of the carbide but below that of the isolating medium to form spheres by the effect of the surface tension of the molten carbide. In a modification of the process, the carbide particles are replaced with irregular particles of the corresponding metal or oxide thereof, and the isolating medium is carbon or contains sufficient carbon to produce the carbide on heating. The preferred isolating media are boron nitride and carbon, e.g. graphite, carbon black, lampblack, amorphous carbon, or petroleum coke, and the particle size of the medium is at least one order of magnitude smaller than the material to be converted into spherules. The proportion of isolating material to carbide or carbide precursor can be varied over a wide range, and the non-reactive atmosphere may be helium or argon and the temperature 2300-2700 DEG C. The spherules are cooled rapidiy, e.g. by removal from the furnace, whilst maintaining the nonreactive atmosphere. The process may be carried out in a furnace or on a refractory pallet or on a bigger scale using a rotary kiln. Carbon may be removed from the surface of the spheres produced by treatment with a detergent or alternatively by oxidation under controlled conditions, e.g. by refluxing with chromic acid solution. Adherent isolating medium may be removed from uranium carbide spherules by milling in a ball-mill with an organic solvent, e.g. acetone, and rubber covered steel balls. Ultrasonic vibrations may also be utilized for cleaning the spherules. The spherules may be coated with a continuous layer of carbon by the pyrolysis of methane or carbon monoxide at 1300-1700 DEG C., or plated with metal, e.g. by immersing in an electrolyte of CuSO4 and H2SO4 in a copper dish which is the cathode of the plating cell, a sheet of copper being the anode, the spherules being agitated with a stream of argon during plating. The spherules are used in atomic reactors as fuel elements, being dispersed in a metallic matrice or being packed in containers. Specification 1,001,360 is referred to.
GB26565/61A 1961-07-21 1961-07-21 Refractory carbides Expired GB1001359A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB26565/61A GB1001359A (en) 1961-07-21 1961-07-21 Refractory carbides
GB15298/65A GB1001360A (en) 1961-07-21 1961-07-21 Boron carbide spherules
FR881537A FR1311516A (en) 1961-07-21 1961-12-11 Crystalline spherules

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB26565/61A GB1001359A (en) 1961-07-21 1961-07-21 Refractory carbides

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB1001359A true GB1001359A (en) 1965-08-18

Family

ID=10245645

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB26565/61A Expired GB1001359A (en) 1961-07-21 1961-07-21 Refractory carbides
GB15298/65A Expired GB1001360A (en) 1961-07-21 1961-07-21 Boron carbide spherules

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB15298/65A Expired GB1001360A (en) 1961-07-21 1961-07-21 Boron carbide spherules

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (2) GB1001359A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110577216A (en) * 2019-10-10 2019-12-17 燕山大学 method for preparing carbon material with nano diamond structure through normal pressure catalysis
CN114605170A (en) * 2022-04-13 2022-06-10 北航（四川）西部国际创新港科技有限公司 Infiltration agent with multilayer coating structure and preparation method thereof
CN115976495A (en) * 2022-12-19 2023-04-18 杭州邦齐州科技有限公司 ALD coating clamp for micro-nano grating cathode assembly

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2515735A (en) * 2013-07-01 2015-01-07 Metal Nanopowders Ltd Hard Materials

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110577216A (en) * 2019-10-10 2019-12-17 燕山大学 method for preparing carbon material with nano diamond structure through normal pressure catalysis
CN110577216B (en) * 2019-10-10 2022-07-29 燕山大学 Method for preparing carbon material with nano diamond structure through normal pressure catalysis
CN114605170A (en) * 2022-04-13 2022-06-10 北航（四川）西部国际创新港科技有限公司 Infiltration agent with multilayer coating structure and preparation method thereof
CN115976495A (en) * 2022-12-19 2023-04-18 杭州邦齐州科技有限公司 ALD coating clamp for micro-nano grating cathode assembly
CN115976495B (en) * 2022-12-19 2024-04-12 杭州邦齐州科技有限公司 ALD (atomic layer deposition) coating fixture for micro-nano grating cathode assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1001360A (en) 1965-08-18

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