FR3124422A1 - METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A PART IN COMPOSITE MATERIAL AND PART SO MANUFACTURED - Google Patents
METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A PART IN COMPOSITE MATERIAL AND PART SO MANUFACTURED Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR3124422A1 FR3124422A1 FR2106759A FR2106759A FR3124422A1 FR 3124422 A1 FR3124422 A1 FR 3124422A1 FR 2106759 A FR2106759 A FR 2106759A FR 2106759 A FR2106759 A FR 2106759A FR 3124422 A1 FR3124422 A1 FR 3124422A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- zone
- composite
- preform
- matrix
- zones
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011153 ceramic matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010002 mechanical finishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/003—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised by the matrix material, e.g. material composition or physical properties
- B29C70/0035—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised by the matrix material, e.g. material composition or physical properties comprising two or more matrix materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/02—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making reinforced articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/14—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product the objects being filamentary or particulate in form
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
- B29C70/86—Incorporated in coherent impregnated reinforcing layers, e.g. by winding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- B29D99/0025—Producing blades or the like, e.g. blades for turbines, propellers, or wings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/08—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by contacting the fibres or filaments with molten metal, e.g. by infiltrating the fibres or filaments placed in a mould
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C49/14—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the fibres or filaments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C6/00—Coating by casting molten material on the substrate
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/147—Construction, i.e. structural features, e.g. of weight-saving hollow blades
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
- F01D5/282—Selecting composite materials, e.g. blades with reinforcing filaments
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
- F01D5/284—Selection of ceramic materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
- F05D2220/36—Application in turbines specially adapted for the fan of turbofan engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
- F05D2300/12—Light metals
- F05D2300/121—Aluminium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
- F05D2300/13—Refractory metals, i.e. Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
- F05D2300/133—Titanium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
- F05D2300/17—Alloys
- F05D2300/174—Titanium alloys, e.g. TiAl
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/20—Oxide or non-oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/21—Oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/2102—Glass
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/20—Oxide or non-oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/21—Oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/2112—Aluminium oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/20—Oxide or non-oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/22—Non-oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/224—Carbon, e.g. graphite
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/20—Oxide or non-oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/22—Non-oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/226—Carbides
- F05D2300/2261—Carbides of silicon
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/20—Oxide or non-oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/22—Non-oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/228—Nitrides
- F05D2300/2282—Nitrides of boron
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
- F05D2300/603—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
- F05D2300/6031—Functionally graded composites
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
- F05D2300/603—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
- F05D2300/6032—Metal matrix composites [MMC]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
- F05D2300/603—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
- F05D2300/6033—Ceramic matrix composites [CMC]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
- F05D2300/603—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
- F05D2300/6034—Orientation of fibres, weaving, ply angle
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
L’invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d’une pièce composite (10’) à partir d’une préforme comprenant des fibres de renfort et deux zones adjacentes reliées entre elles par des fibres de renfort, le procédé comprenant la réalisation d’une structure composite distincte pour chaque zone, en réalisant une première structure composite (10a’) d’une première zone, puis une deuxième structure composite (10b’) d’une deuxième zone, chaque structure composite distincte étant réalisée, d’une part, en introduisant une matrice composite dans une zone de la préforme et, d’autre part, en appliquant à cette zone des conditions opératoires, notamment de température, propres à la réalisation de la structure à partir des fibres de la zone et de la matrice introduite, les différentes zones de la préforme étant traitées dans un ordre qui correspond à l’ordre décroissant des températures utilisées dans les conditions opératoires appliquées à la réalisation des structures composites distinctes. Figure pour l’abrégé : Fig. 1HThe invention relates to a method for manufacturing a composite part (10') from a preform comprising reinforcing fibers and two adjacent zones interconnected by reinforcing fibers, the method comprising the production of a structure separate composite structure for each zone, by producing a first composite structure (10a') of a first zone, then a second composite structure (10b') of a second zone, each separate composite structure being produced, on the one hand, in introducing a composite matrix into a zone of the preform and, on the other hand, by applying to this zone operating conditions, in particular temperature, specific to the production of the structure from the fibers of the zone and the introduced matrix, the various zones of the preform being treated in an order which corresponds to the decreasing order of the temperatures used in the operating conditions applied to the production of the distinct composite structures. Figure for abstract: Fig. 1 hour
Description
Le présent exposé concerne un procédé de fabrication d’une pièce en matériau composite et une pièce ainsi fabriquée.This presentation concerns a process for manufacturing a part made of composite material and a part thus manufactured.
L’invention s’applique notamment aux pièces aéronautiques et spatiales, en particulier dans les turbomachines, notamment aéronautiques.The invention applies in particular to aeronautical and space parts, in particular in turbomachines, in particular aeronautical.
En aéronautique les pièces qui sont utilisées, par exemple dans les turboréacteurs et, en particulier, les aubes de rotor, sont soumises à des contraintes opérationnelles sévères.In aeronautics, the parts which are used, for example in turbojet engines and, in particular, rotor blades, are subjected to severe operational constraints.
De plus en plus de pièces aéronautiques sont réalisées dans des matériaux composites en raison du très bon compromis poids/raideur que ces matériaux permettent d’atteindre.More and more aeronautical parts are made of composite materials because of the very good weight/stiffness compromise that these materials make it possible to achieve.
Le choix d’un matériau composite est généralement opéré en fonction des températures d’utilisation prévues. Pour une pièce aéronautique, le choix peut par exemple porter sur l’utilisation d’un Composite à Matrice Organique (CMO), d’un Composite à Matrice Métallique (CMM) ou d’un Composite à Matrice Céramique (CMC).The choice of a composite material is generally made according to the expected operating temperatures. For an aeronautical part, the choice may for example relate to the use of an Organic Matrix Composite (OMC), a Metal Matrix Composite (CMM) or a Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC).
Toutefois, une problématique peut survenir lorsque la pièce doit être adaptée à un champ de contraintes ou de températures qui est susceptible de varier spatialement et/ou temporellement, de manière significative, lors de l’utilisation de la pièce.However, a problem can arise when the part must be adapted to a field of stresses or temperatures which is likely to vary spatially and/or temporally, in a significant way, during the use of the part.
Pour tenir compte d’une telle adaptation, la pièce peut être réalisée en plusieurs parties qui sont adaptées chacune à un champ de contraintes/températures spécifique et qui sont ensuite assemblées pour obtenir la pièce finale. Toutefois, l’opération d’assemblage des différentes parties peut s’avérer critique, voire très complexe à mettre en œuvre et d’un coût économique relativement élevé.To take account of such an adaptation, the part can be made in several parts which are each adapted to a specific stress/temperature field and which are then assembled to obtain the final part. However, the operation of assembling the different parts can prove to be critical, even very complex to implement and at a relatively high economic cost.
Au vu de ce qui précède, il serait donc utile de pouvoir réaliser de manière simple une pièce en composite dont certaines zones peuvent être soumises, lors de l’utilisation de la pièce, à des environnements spécifiques, notamment représentés par des champs de contraintes et/ou de températures spécifiques d’une zone à l’autre.In view of the foregoing, it would therefore be useful to be able to produce a composite part in a simple manner, certain zones of which may be subjected, during use of the part, to specific environments, in particular represented by stress fields and /or specific temperatures from one area to another.
L’invention a ainsi pour objet un procédé de fabrication d’une pièce en matériau composite à partir d’une préforme comprenant des fibres de renfort et qui comporte plusieurs zones, caractérisé en ce que la préforme comporte au moins deux zones adjacentes qui sont telles qu’au moins certaines fibres de renfort de la préforme ont une longueur qui s’étend dans lesdites au moins deux zones adjacentes de manière à assurer une continuité des fibres de renfort d’une zone à l’autre, le procédé comprenant la réalisation d’une structure composite distincte pour chacune desdites au moins deux zones adjacentes de la préforme, en réalisant d’abord une première structure composite d’une première de ces zones, puis une deuxième structure composite d’une deuxième zone adjacente à cette première zone, et ainsi de suite pour chaque zone additionnelle adjacente éventuelle, chaque structure composite distincte étant réalisée, d’une part, en introduisant une matrice composite dans une zone de la préforme et, d’autre part, en appliquant à cette zone des conditions opératoires, notamment de température, propres à la réalisation de la structure composite à partir des fibres de renfort de la zone et de la matrice composite introduite, les différentes zones desdites au moins deux zones adjacentes de la préforme étant traitées dans un ordre qui correspond à l’ordre décroissant des températures utilisées dans les conditions opératoires appliquées à la réalisation des structures composites distinctes.The subject of the invention is thus a process for manufacturing a part made of composite material from a preform comprising reinforcing fibers and which comprises several zones, characterized in that the preform comprises at least two adjacent zones which are such that at least certain reinforcing fibers of the preform have a length which extends in said at least two adjacent zones so as to ensure continuity of the reinforcing fibers from one zone to the other, the method comprising the production of a distinct composite structure for each of said at least two adjacent zones of the preform, by first producing a first composite structure of a first of these zones, then a second composite structure of a second zone adjacent to this first zone, and so on for each optional adjacent additional zone, each distinct composite structure being produced, on the one hand, by introducing a composite matrix into a zone of the preform and t, on the other hand, by applying to this zone operating conditions, in particular temperature, specific to the production of the composite structure from the reinforcing fibers of the zone and the composite matrix introduced, the different zones of said at least two adjacent zones of the preform being treated in an order which corresponds to the decreasing order of the temperatures used in the operating conditions applied to the production of the distinct composite structures.
Ce procédé permet de fabriquer des pièces en matériau composite de manière particulièrement simple et efficace dans la mesure où la pièce ainsi fabriquée ne résulte pas de l’assemblage de plusieurs parties qui auraient été préalablement fabriquées de manière séparée. Le procédé décrit ci-dessus permet de traiter séparément (spatialement et temporellement) des zones adjacentes ou contigües (deux par deux) d’une même préforme dans la mesure où ces zones adjacentes ont en commun des fibres de renfort de la préforme qui s’étendent physiquement dans chacune de ces zones et relient une zone à l’autre. Ces fibres de renfort assurent ainsi une continuité spatiale/géométrique entre les zones traitées à l’intérieur desquelles elles s’étendent, de telle manière que la préforme est formée d’un seul tenant et non en plusieurs parties. Chacune de ces zones peut ainsi subir un traitement qui lui est propre (spécifique) afin d’y réaliser une structure en matériau composite spécifique, distincte d’une zone à l’autre. Le traitement spécifique est un traitement ou une méthode de traitement (type de matrice composite utilisée, conditions opératoires, notamment de température, de pression, propres à la réalisation d’un composite donné) qui vise à réaliser une structure composite dans une zone dite zone d’application, alors que la zone adjacente à cette zone d’application, au sens défini précédemment (c’est-à-dire la zone qui est liée spatialement à la zone d’application par l’intermédiaire de fibres de renfort) n’est pas traitée pendant ce temps (elle peut avoir déjà été traitée ou sera traitée après). La zone adjacente est par exemple protégée ou isolée de la zone d’application (zone en cours de traitement). Ce procédé permet ainsi de réaliser une pièce en matériau composite qui présente des structures composites distinctes correspondant à des zones ou portions géométriques distinctes de la pièce qui répondent à des contraintes d’utilisation, d’environnement ou d’interface variant d’une zone à l’autre (ces différentes contraintes empêchent de réaliser la pièce dans un seul et même matériau composite qui ne pourrait en effet pas répondre simultanément à un tel cahier des charges).This process makes it possible to manufacture parts in composite material in a particularly simple and efficient way insofar as the part thus manufactured does not result from the assembly of several parts which would have been previously manufactured separately. The method described above makes it possible to treat separately (spatially and temporally) adjacent or contiguous zones (two by two) of the same preform insofar as these adjacent zones have in common reinforcing fibers of the preform which are physically extend into each of these areas and connect one area to another. These reinforcing fibers thus ensure spatial/geometric continuity between the treated areas within which they extend, in such a way that the preform is formed in one piece and not in several parts. Each of these areas can thus undergo its own (specific) treatment in order to produce a structure in specific composite material, distinct from one area to another. The specific treatment is a treatment or a method of treatment (type of composite matrix used, operating conditions, in particular temperature, pressure, specific to the production of a given composite) which aims to produce a composite structure in a zone called the zone application area, whereas the area adjacent to this application area, in the sense defined above (i.e. the area which is spatially linked to the application area by means of reinforcing fibers) n is not processed during this time (it may have already been processed or will be processed later). The adjacent area is for example protected or isolated from the application area (area being treated). This method thus makes it possible to produce a part in composite material which has distinct composite structures corresponding to distinct geometric zones or portions of the part which respond to usage, environmental or interface constraints varying from one zone to the other (these different constraints prevent the part from being produced in one and the same composite material which could not in fact simultaneously meet such specifications).
Selon d’autres caractéristiques possibles :
-la préforme comporte deux zones distinctes adjacentes, la matrice introduite dans chaque zone étant différente d’une zone à l’autre et choisie parmi une matrice organique, une matrice métallique, une matrice céramique ;
-la préforme comporte trois zones distinctes adjacentes deux à deux, la matrice introduite dans chaque zone étant différente d’une zone à l’autre et choisie parmi une matrice organique, une matrice métallique, une matrice céramique;
-chacune des trois zones distinctes est adjacente aux deux autres zones ;
-les fibres de renfort comprennent des fibres de carbone, des fibres de carbure de silicium, des fibres de verre, des fibres de bore, des fibres d’alumine;
-la préforme est formée d’un seul tenant.According to other possible characteristics:
the preform comprises two distinct adjacent zones, the matrix introduced into each zone being different from one zone to another and chosen from among an organic matrix, a metal matrix, a ceramic matrix;
the preform comprises three distinct zones adjacent two by two, the matrix introduced into each zone being different from one zone to another and chosen from among an organic matrix, a metal matrix, a ceramic matrix;
-each of the three distinct zones is adjacent to the other two zones;
- the reinforcing fibers comprise carbon fibers, silicon carbide fibers, glass fibers, boron fibers, alumina fibers;
- the preform is formed in one piece.
L’invention a également pour objet une pièce en matériau composite qui comprend plusieurs structures composites distinctes réalisées par le procédé brièvement exposé ci-dessus et qui sont intimement liées l’une à l’autre par les fibres de renfort communes.The invention also relates to a part made of composite material which comprises several distinct composite structures produced by the method briefly described above and which are intimately linked to one another by the common reinforcing fibers.
Selon d’autres caractéristiques possibles :
-les structures composites distinctes sont destinées à être soumises chacune à un champ de contraintes mécaniques et/ou de températures distinct d’une zone à l’autre;
-la pièce en matériau composite est une aube de rotor de turbomachine (aube de soufflante);
-l’aube de rotor comprend, d’une part, un pied d’aube formant une structure composite réalisée à partir d’une matrice métallique (CMM) et, d’autre part, une pale formant une structure composite réalisée à partir d’une matrice organique (CMO);
-la pièce est une hélice de turbopropulseur.According to other possible characteristics:
the distinct composite structures are each intended to be subjected to a field of mechanical stresses and/or temperatures distinct from one zone to another;
the composite material part is a turbomachine rotor blade (fan blade);
-the rotor blade comprises, on the one hand, a blade root forming a composite structure made from a metal matrix (CMM) and, on the other hand, a blade forming a composite structure made from an organic matrix (CMO);
- the part is a turboprop propeller.
L’invention a également pour objet un rotor (soufflante) de turbomachine comprenant une pluralité de pièces en matériau composite (aubes de rotor) telles que brièvement exposées ci-dessus.The invention also relates to a turbomachine rotor (fan) comprising a plurality of parts made of composite material (rotor blades) as briefly described above.
L’invention a aussi pour objet une turbomachine comprenant un rotor de turbomachine tel que brièvement exposé ci-dessus.The invention also relates to a turbomachine comprising a turbomachine rotor as briefly described above.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'objet du présent exposé ressortiront de la description suivante de modes de réalisation, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, en référence aux figures annexées.Other characteristics and advantages of the object of this presentation will emerge from the following description of embodiments, given by way of non-limiting examples, with reference to the appended figures.
Claims (13)
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EP2340160A1 (en) * | 2008-10-08 | 2011-07-06 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | A method of manufacturing a polymer composite member by use of two or more resins |
JP2019098591A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2019-06-24 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method of resin material |
EP3578760A1 (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2019-12-11 | Safran Aircraft Engines | A composite material fan blade integrating large clearance |
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EP2340160A1 (en) * | 2008-10-08 | 2011-07-06 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | A method of manufacturing a polymer composite member by use of two or more resins |
JP2019098591A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2019-06-24 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method of resin material |
EP3578760A1 (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2019-12-11 | Safran Aircraft Engines | A composite material fan blade integrating large clearance |
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