FR3113811A1 - Nitrogen fertilizer composition intended for root application - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention presents a nitrogen fertilizer composition intended to be applied by the root route comprising at least one nitrogen agent characterized in that that it further comprises at least one root penetration and/or metabolization agent promoting the entry of said nitrogen agent into the natural protein synthesis cycle in that the nitrogen agent is constituted for at least 50% by 'urea.

Description

Nitrogen fertilizer composition intended for root application

Field of invention

The present invention relates to the field of nitrogen fertilizers intended for the cultivation of cereals, and in particular winter wheat.

Nitrogen is the most important nutrient for agricultural production. In nature, nitrogen is present in two forms: in the free state, where it constitutes 80% of the air, and in the combined state, in mineral (ammonia and nitrate) or organic form. Whether in water, soil or air, nitrogen undergoes various chemical and biological transformations that form a natural cycle. The nitrogen reserves of the soil are found in the organic state in the form of humus which contains about 5% nitrogen or in the soil solution (in the form of nitrates and ammonium). Nitrogen is part of the category of major elements for plants, because it participates in the formation of plant tissues. It represents on average 1 to 5% of the plant dry matter. This element is involved in the main processes of plant development and yield determination. Indeed, nitrogen is one of the constituents of chlorophyll, stimulates root growth, crop development and the absorption of other nutrients.

In general, nitrogen is taken from the soil in the form of ammonium nitrate or urea. Soil organic matter must be mineralized by microorganisms to make nitrogen available to plants. The speed of this process depends on the type of soil and climatic conditions. In natural ecosystems, this cycle remains more or less closed since the inputs compensate for the losses. On the other hand, in agricultural systems, the cycle is disturbed by significant exports of nitrogen contained in the harvested tissues. Therefore, the use of nitrogen fertilizers is essential to maintain the level of nitrogen in the environment to ensure quantitative and qualitative agricultural production.

Given current yield goals, soils cannot provide all the nitrogen needed for proper plant development. If no nutrient imports are carried out to maintain stocks, the soils become depleted and yield drops are inevitable. The increase in agricultural productivity cannot therefore take place without the supply of nitrogen through the use of fertilizers, mineral or organic, and/or nitrogen-fixing plants. Mineral fertilization is an effective means of providing plants with directly assimilable nutrients. Indeed, fertilizers make it possible to produce half of the world's cereal production and mineral nitrogen of industrial origin is the source of 40% of the world's proteins.

Alongside mineral fertilizers and ammonium nitrate, urea is a known nitrogen agent. It comes in the form of granules and contains 46% nitrogen entirely in urea form. This high concentration facilitates its handling. It is a non-polar and highly soluble form of organic nitrogen (CO(NH ₂ ) ₂ ). It is ideal for use as a spray, possibly mixed with other fertilizers.

State of the art

Known in the state of the art is European patent EP0784040A1 describing a nitrogenous fertilizer composition comprising at least one nitrogenous agent, at least one agent for penetrating said nitrogenous agent into the aerial part of plants and at least one metabolizing agent promoting the entry of said nitrogenous agent into the natural cycle of protein synthesis. The nitrogenous agent is chosen from compounds or compositions containing at least one nitrogen atom and capable, once it has penetrated inside the plant, of entering the natural cycle of protein synthesis by the plant. Such compounds or compositions are for example urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonia, nitrates, a liquid nitrogen solution for agricultural use such as the 390 solution (also called in the prior art 39% solution or liquid nitrogen solution ), organic nitrogen (including peptides and amino acids), a usual nitrogen fertilizer, or a by-product, raw or processed, agricultural or industrial, rich in organic or mineral nitrogen, usable in agriculture, or even a mixture of these.

Fertilizers intended to be sprayed, in liquid or granulated form, based on urea are also known. Patent EP1288179B1 describes an example of granulated nitrogen fertilizer, in particular for agricultural use, in the form of fertilizer granules formulated for a slow release of nitrogen.

Patent WO2019204163A1 describes additive solutions of at least one urease inhibitor and/or at least one nitrification inhibitor, the solution comprising urea, a urea-aldehyde adduct and/or a fertilizer based on urea-triazone, water and at least one co-solvent, and additionally at least about 2.5% by weight, preferably at least about 5% by weight urease and/or nitrification inhibitors. Up to about 30% by weight and more of the inhibitors can be dissolved as such.

Disadvantages of the Prior Art

Urea directly absorbed at leaf level can cause foliage burns and necrosis. These symptoms of phytotoxicity are all the more severe when the temperature is high, the humidity low, and the sprayed urea solution is concentrated.

The solution of the prior art can entrain the nitrogenous agent present in the fertilizer, during its descent by gravity towards the ground, following spreading or even by splashing phenomena. Poor diffusion to aerial parts due to dry water conditions.

It also limits the amount of nitrogen added to 40 kg/Ha.

It can also pose a risk of environmental pollution due to excessive water conditions.

Those skilled in the art are of course also familiar with solutions for nitrogen supply via the soil, but the known solutions lead to losses of effectiveness by leaching of the soils and by volatilization in the event of dry conditions, in particular in the granulated forms with delayed release. . These solutions generally require an overdose to ensure that a minimum amount will actually be taken up by the plants.

Solution provided by the invention

In order to remedy these drawbacks, the present invention relates, in its most general sense, to a nitrogenous fertilizer composition intended to be applied by the root route, comprising at least one nitrogenous agent, characterized in that it further comprises at least one root penetration and/or metabolization promoting the entry of said nitrogenous agent into the natural cycle of protein synthesis and in that the nitrogenous agent consists for at least 50% of urea, the balance optionally being nitrate d ammonium nitrate, ammonium and/or an organic form.

This composition provides a new solution for nitrogen supply avoiding overdoses as well as collateral damage by burning of the foliage, by allowing an accelerated transformation by the metabolism of the plant, and thereby allowing a moderate dosage due to the drastic reduction of losses through soil leaching and volatilization before uptake by roots.

• les alcools gras alcoxylés à coiffe terminale et alcools à chaîne droite alcoxylés à coiffe terminale,
• les éthers polyglycoliques de tributylphénol ayant 10 à 15 motifs OE (où EO signifie oxyde d'éthylène),
• les alcanol alcoxylates ramifiés de formule C_tH2t + 5-O - (- CH₂-CH₂-O-)_u-H, dans laquelle t représente des nombres de 11 à 13,5 et u représente des nombres de 6 à 25 et t et u sont des valeurs moyennes,
• les triglycérides polyalcoxylés,
• les amines grasses alcoxylées,
• le sulfate de sodium laureth,
• les terpènes alcoxylés et
• les compositions comprenant du sirop de maïs, de l'huile de pétrole et un émulsifiant non ionique.

Advantageously, said root metabolizing agent is chosen from the group consisting of the following substances:

• end-capped alkoxylated fatty alcohols and end-capped alkoxylated straight-chain alcohols,
• polyglycol ethers of tributylphenol having 10 to 15 EO units (where EO means ethylene oxide),
• branched alkanol alkoxylates of formula C _t H2t + 5-O - (- CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O-) _u -H, in which t represents numbers from 11 to 13.5 and u represents numbers from 6 to 25 and t and u are mean values,
• polyalkoxylated triglycerides,
• alkoxylated fatty amines,
• sodium laureth sulfate,
• alkoxylated terpenes and
• compositions comprising corn syrup, petroleum oil and a nonionic emulsifier.

According to a variant, said root metabolizing agent is chosen from a wetting, surfactant, surfactant or penetrating agent, with or without a component with a phyto-effector role such as derivatives of algae, soya, pine and other plants, organic or mineral oils or a mixture thereof.

• des éléments minéraux secondaires tels que le calcium, le magnésium et le soufre
• des oligoéléments tels que le fer, le zinc, le manganèse, le cuivre, le bore, et le molybdène
• des acides organiques tels que les acides maliques et acétiques
• des acides aminés tels que la lysine ou la glutamine
• des peptides
• des dérivés des acides précédents sous forme d’ester ou de sels comme un sulfate ou un acétate
• des enzymes telle que la nitrate réductase
• un mélange de ceux-ci.

According to another variant, said root metabolizing agent is chosen from:

• secondary mineral elements such as calcium, magnesium and sulfur
• trace elements such as iron, zinc, manganese, copper, boron, and molybdenum
• organic acids such as malic and acetic acids
• amino acids such as lysine or glutamine
• peptides
• derivatives of the above acids in the form of ester or salts such as a sulfate or an acetate
• enzymes such as nitrate reductase
• a mixture of these.

Alternatively, the nitrogen fertilizer composition said root metabolizing agent consists of glutamic acid or a derivative of glutamic acid.

Preferably, the composition contains between 0.8 and 8% of metabolic and penetration agents per kilogram of nitrogenous agent, in particular molybdenum.

According to a first embodiment, the composition is formed by solid granules.

Advantageously, it further comprises a binding agent and at least one polymer, optionally an organic polymer.

Preferably, said polymer is an at least partially cationic water-soluble polymer.

Preferably, the composition is dosed for 1 to 5, and preferably 5 liters per hectare treated with each fertilizer input.

According to a preferred application, the composition is intended for a treatment between sowing and post-flowering.

Advantageously, said penetrating agent consists of lactam of glutamic acid.

The invention also relates to a ready-to-use formulation, solid or liquid, useful for the preparation of a nitrogenous fertilizer composition according to any one of the aforementioned formulations, containing at least one root penetrating agent of an agent nitrogen and at least one agent for metabolizing said nitrogenous agent.

The invention also relates to a process for treating cereals, in particular winter wheat, in the field, consisting in delivering, in the form of a "trickle", a fertilizer composition in accordance with at least one of Claims 1 to 7 diluted.

Advantageously, said diluted composition is delivered by a ramp comprising a plurality of nozzles, the flow rate of which is controlled according to the geolocation of said ramp and a map of the nutritive qualities of said field.
Detailed description of non-limiting embodiment examples

This will be better understood on reading the following description, referring to the non-limiting examples illustrated by the appended drawings where:

there represents the impact of composition on the biomass of a plan

there represents the impact of composition on grain yield

there represents the impact of composition on the amount of nitrogen measured in a plant

there represents the impact of the composition on the quantity of nitrogen measured in the grains

there represents the impact of composition on the nitrogen harvest index

there represents the impact of the composition on the amount of nitrogen measured in the roots

there represents the impact of the composition on the quantity of nitrogen measured in the straws.

General background of the invention

The invention relates to a nitrogenous fertilizer combined with a root metabolizing agent consisting of an agronomic additive capable of stimulating the absorption, assimilation and above all the remobilization of nitrogen in a plant, making it possible to increase the yield and the plant proteins, consisting of a nitrogenous composition adapted to current growing conditions, respecting the environmental constraints encouraging to control the doses of nitrogen and nitrate. When nitrogen inputs exceed crop demand, losses can occur in different ways. In the case of excessive rainfall or irrigation, leaching, runoff and erosion phenomena are observed and carry nitrogen (in the form of nitrates) out of the soil-plant system. Moreover, the processes of nitrification and denitrification are natural in soils but cause losses of nitrogen by gaseous route in the form of ammonia, nitric oxide, nitrous oxide and dinitrogen, in particular during dry conditions. All these compounds are found in the environment and are the cause of various current problems such as green algae (nitrates), fine particles (ammonia) and global warming (nitrogen oxides).

In order to increase the protein content of plants, farmers use several types of nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonitrates, nitrogen solutions, urea or ammonium thiosulphate. Organic fertilizers also contain nitrogen. Most of the fertilizers offered have mixed compositions, that is, they include several forms of nitrogen. The form strongly influences the availability of nitrogen for the plant depending on the microbiological activity of the soil.

It is essential that plants can absorb and use nitrogen efficiently. Indeed, once absorbed by the plant, nitrogen must be assimilated and synthesized into proteins for growth. For annual plants, the senescence phase involving remobilization processes is also essential for the efficiency of nitrogen use. Thanks to autophagy mechanisms, the plant recycles its nitrogen to redistribute it to the seeds. Plant nitrogen remobilization efficiency is often low. However, a plant capable of absorbing, assimilating and remobilizing a significant quantity of nitrogen for its grains grows more quickly and improves the nutritional value of the harvested products.

Thus, the producer can reduce (1) the quantities of nitrogen supplied, which can present a financial gain, (2) reduce the losses of nitrogen by leaching and volatilization, which can present an environmental gain and (3) improve the agronomic value of the harvested products, which can represent a nutritional gain for the consumer.

There is therefore a need to develop treatments to stimulate the absorption, assimilation, and above all, the remobilization of nitrogen from the root parts to the reproductive organs in a plant.

One way to reduce nitrogen fertilizers without significantly affecting grain yields is to improve plant nitrogen recycling and remobilization performance. Fertilizers with improved efficiency such as those containing nitrification inhibitors and urease inhibitors have been developed to increase nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and reduce nitrogen losses by increasing the congruence between the nitrogen supply and crop nitrogen demand.

1. au moins un agent azoté constitué pour au moins 50% par de l’urée
2. au moins un agent métabolique de biostimulation
3. au moins un agent de pénétration racinaire favorisant l'entrée dudit agent azoté dans le cycle naturel de synthèse des protéines.

To this end, the compositions which are the subject of the present invention comprise:

1. at least one nitrogenous agent constituted for at least 50% by urea
2. at least one biostimulating metabolic agent
3. at least one root penetrating agent promoting the entry of said nitrogenous agent into the natural cycle of protein synthesis.

A plant biostimulant is a substance applied to plants for the purpose of improving the nutritional efficiency, abiotic stress tolerance or quality characteristics of crops, regardless of their nutrient content. The role of biostimulants is to control and accelerate the life processes of plants, increase resistance to stress and stimulate their development. These products are safe for the environment and contribute to sustainable, high-yielding, low-input crop production. Their application reduces the amount of chemicals used in agriculture.

The penetrating agent can be a wetting, surfactant or penetrating agent, with or without a component with a phytoeffector role such as derivatives of algae, soya, pine and other plants, organic or mineral oils or even a mixture of those -this.

The metabolizing agent entering into the composition of the agronomic additive of the invention may for example be a nutritive element, a chemical or organic complex influencing the activity of nitrate reductase enzymes, a microorganism influencing the biochemical chain of nitrogen. By way of non-limiting examples, we can cite:

• des oligoéléments tels que le fer, le zinc, le manganèse, le cuivre, le bore, et le molybdène
• des acides organiques tels que les acides maliques et acétiques
• des acides aminés tels que la lysine ou la glutamine
• des peptides
• des dérivés des acides précédents sous forme d’ester ou de sels comme un sulfate ou un acétate
• des enzymes telle que la nitrate réductase
• un mélange de ceux-ci
• les extraits de plantes
• ainsi que les biostimulants à base de protéines.

secondary mineral elements such as calcium, magnesium and sulfur

• trace elements such as iron, zinc, manganese, copper, boron, and molybdenum
• organic acids such as malic and acetic acids
• amino acids such as lysine or glutamine
• peptides
• derivatives of the above acids in the form of ester or salts such as a sulfate or an acetate
• enzymes such as nitrate reductase
• a mixture of these
• plant extracts
• as well as protein-based biostimulants.

These agents improve nitrogen metabolism, crop yield, grain characteristics, and macro and micronutrient content of winter wheat.

The composition of the agronomic additive can be applied as a mixture with a fertilizing composition such as urea or nitrogen solutions. The agronomic additive can be applied to soil, hydroponics or fertigation. Also, the composition of the invention is in a spreadable solid form or in a liquid form delivered in the form of "nets" by the nozzles of a spray boom, making it possible to deliver directly to the ground the quantity of additive precisely dosed liquid.

The composition of the additive according to the invention can be prepared by mixing each of the preceding agents, if necessary in a suitable liquid vehicle. The invention therefore also relates to a formulation of ready-to-use penetrating and metabolizing agent or to be used for the preparation of a “fertilizing composition” defined above. The fertilizing composition can then be produced by the user or the distributor by mixing the ready-to-use formulation with a nitrogenous fertilizer.

For the purposes of the invention, the term “absorption stimulant” means an increased increase in absorption and/or an improvement in the absorption mechanisms in a plant. Also, by “stimulating assimilation” we mean an increased increase in assimilation and/or an improvement in the mechanisms of assimilation in a plant. Finally, by "stimulating remobilization" we mean an increased recycling of nitrogen from the root and aerial parts to the benefit of the grains and/or an improvement in the mechanisms of remobilization in a plant. The present invention therefore relates to the use of an agronomic additive as a stimulant of the absorption, assimilation and especially remobilization mechanisms of nitrogen in a plant. The present invention also relates to the use of an agronomic additive to increase the absorption, assimilation and remobilization of nitrogen in a plant.

In the context of the invention, an effective quantity of the agronomic additive is provided to the plant to stimulate the absorption, assimilation and remobilization of nitrogen. The increase in uptake, uptake and remobilization is measured by determining the amount of nitrogen in the plant. The term “increase” refers to the plant having received no input of agronomic additive. The quantity of nitrogen is expressed in grams of nitrogen per gram of dry mass, which corresponds to the mass of nitrogen contained in a sample of dried plant. The measurement of the quantity of nitrogen is carried out by an appropriate analysis method.

• soit sous forme liquide dans des solutions nutritives racinaires, par exemple en une quantité allant de 0,8 à 8% par kilogramme d’agent azoté en hydroponie ou fertirrigation ;
• soit sous forme liquide par voie racinaire dans des fertilisants liquides, par exemple en une quantité allant de 3 et 37 L/1000L ;
• soit sous forme solide, dans des engrais pulvérulents ou granulés, par exemple en une quantité allant de 3 et 37 kg ou L/tonne.

The agronomic additive can be brought to the plant by the root route. In a particular embodiment, the agronomic additive is provided to the plant:

• either in liquid form in root nutrient solutions, for example in an amount ranging from 0.8 to 8% per kilogram of nitrogenous agent in hydroponics or fertigation;
• either in liquid form by the root route in liquid fertilizers, for example in an amount ranging from 3 and 37 L/1000L;
• either in solid form, in powdered or granular fertilizers, for example in an amount ranging from 3 and 37 kg or L/tonne.

The agronomic additive can thus be used as a supplement in fertilizing compositions, such as fertilizers, as a stimulant for the absorption, assimilation and remobilization of nitrogen in a plant. The agronomic additive can be combined with other fertilizing substances conventionally used in fertilizing compositions. The fertilizing substances likely to be used in association with the agronomic additive can be of varied natures and chosen for example from ammonium nitrate, urea, nitrogenous solutions, ammonium sulphate, organic fertilizers and amendments. organic.

Examples of compositions

The composition according to the invention is intended for all crops and more particularly cereals (wheat, barley, oats, corn and rice in particular), rapeseed, beets and potatoes.

Formula name CMP1 CMP2 CMP3 CMP4 CMP5 Protein content (mg L-1) 0 76 166 211 43 Items That 15.6 11.5 10.1 14.5 13.4 VS 6.26 9.43 14.51 15.53 11.49 NOT 0.76 0.72 1.36 1.18 0.88 K 0.31 0.26 0.23 0.33 0.29 N / A 0.31 0.16 0.14 0.19 0.18 Mo 0.15 0.19 0.18 0.19 0.18 Items
(ppm) S 300 130 120 150 140 B 30 20 20 20 20 mg 19 8 7 13 11 Whether 14 11 9 15 11 P 9.5 9 9.9 10.3 10.2 Cu 2.6 1 0.8 1.1 1.1 Zn 0.3 0.5 1.1 1.8 3.5 Se 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.06

Example 1: Preparation of plant material

Winter wheat cv. Recital (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown under controlled conditions. After two weeks, the seedlings were placed under vernalization conditions (6° C., photoperiod 8 h) for 6 weeks. Transplanting was carried out in tubes (Diameter: 8 cm, Height: 33 cm, 2 plants/pot) containing a neutral substrate sand:perlite (1:1, v:v) to obtain a seeding density similar to the conditions of open field (250 seeds per square meter).

A Hoagland 25% modified low-nitrogen nutrient solution (Table 1), associated with a percolate recycling system, fed the tubes 3 times a day. Nitrogen was brought to the soil in the form of a nitrogenous solution (50% urea, 25% nitrate, 25% ammonium). Nitrogen fertilization was applied in 3 doses: 50 units at the “tillering” stage, 80 units at the “2 nodes” stage and 20 units at the “heading” stage. The agronomic additive was mixed with nitrogen fertilizer and then compared to a control (nitrogen fertilizer alone). The plants were harvested at the mature stage.

Element Concentration CaCl2, 2 H2O 1.25mM KCl 1.25mM KH2PO4 0.25mM MgSO4 0.5mM EDTA, 2 NaFe, 3 H2O 0.2mM H3BO3 14µM MnSO4, H2O 5µM ZnSO4, 7 H2O 3µM CuSO4.5 H2O 0.7µM (NH4)6 Mo7O24 0.7µM CoCl2 0.1µM Table 1: composition of the modified Hoagland solution low in nitrogen
Example 2: Measurement of the physiological parameters of the plant

Figures 1 and 2 are the graphs which represent the biomass of a wheat plant, that is to say the dry mass of a wheat plant, and the grain yield, that is to say the dry mass of the grains of the wheat plant (1) with a diet that does not include the additive (bar “- Additive”) and (2) with a diet that includes the additive (bar “+ Additive”). The graphs show a 36% increase in biomass and 52% increase in grain yield from plants whose diets include the additive compared to plants whose diets do not include the additive. The additive therefore stimulates growth and yield.

Figures 3 to 5 are the graphs which represent the total nitrogen absorbed, the total nitrogen present in the grains and the harvest index, that is to say the ratio between the nitrogen of the grain and the nitrogen total, of a wheat plant (1) with a diet that does not include the additive (bar “- Additive”) and (2) with a diet that includes the additive (bar “+ Additive”). The graphs show an increase of 13% in total nitrogen, 35% in grain nitrogen and 20% in the harvest index of plants fed with the additive compared to plants fed with the additive. feed does not include the additive. The additive stimulates the uptake of nitrogen in the plant and improves the amount of nitrogen exported by the grains.

Figures 6 and 7 are the graphs that represent the amount of nitrogen in the roots and straws of a wheat plant (1) with a diet that does not include the additive (bar "- Additive") and (2 ) with a feed that includes the additive (“+ Additive” bar). The graphs show a 47% and 12% decrease in the amount of nitrogen in the roots and straws, respectively, of plants whose diet includes the additive compared to plants whose diet does not include the additive. The additive stimulates the remobilization of nitrogen from roots and straw for the benefit of the grain.

For each of the culture conditions (- Additive and + Additive), three batches of two plants harvested in Example 1 were formed (1 batch of 2 plants = 1 biological replicate). The aerial parts (straws), roots and seeds of each plant were separated, dried, weighed (dry biomass) and then finely ground. The measurement of whole plant biomass and grain yield is shown in Figures 1 and 2. The data obtained is in the form of the mean and the variability of the results was given as the standard error of the mean for n=3. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using Fisher's test.

Plants treated with the additive show a significant increase in their biomass (+36%) and grain yield (+52%).

The measurement of the total nitrogen concentration was carried out with the Dumas combustion method by a C/N/S analyzer (EA3000, EuroVector, Milan, Italy). All of the treatments were carried out systematically for each of the biological replicates, that is to say in triplicate. The quantities of nitrogen in the plant and the grains could thus be calculated, as well as the nitrogen harvest index ( ). The amount of nitrogen in roots and straws are shown in Figures 6 and 7.

Conclusion: the plants treated with the additive show a significant increase in total nitrogen in the plant (+13%) and total nitrogen in the grains (+35%). The nitrogen harvest index thus increases significantly by 20%. In parallel, the amount of nitrogen in the roots (-47%) and the straws (-12%) decreases significantly when the plants are treated with the additive. These results show that the additive improves the efficiency of nitrogen use thanks to better absorption, assimilation and remobilization efficiencies for the benefit of the grains.

Claims (16)

Nitrogen fertilizer composition intended to be applied by the root route comprising at least one nitrogen agent characterized in that

• that it further comprises at least one root penetration and/or metabolization agent promoting the entry of said nitrogenous agent into the natural cycle of protein synthesis
• in that the nitrogenous agent is constituted for at least 50% by urea.

Nitrogen fertilizer composition according to claim 1 characterized in that said nitrogen agent further comprises ammonium nitrate, nitrate, ammonium and/or an organic form of nitrogen. Nitrogen fertilizer composition according to Claim 1, characterized in that it also comprises a root penetrating agent is chosen from the group consisting of the following substances:

• end-capped alkoxylated fatty alcohols and end-capped alkoxylated straight-chain alcohols,
• polyglycol ethers of tributylphenol having 10 to 15 EO units (where EO means ethylene oxide),
• branched alkanol alkoxylates of formula Ct H2t + 5-O - (- CH2 -CH2 -O-)u -H, in which t represents numbers from 11 to 13.5 and u represents numbers from 6 to 25 and t and u are mean values,
• polyalkoxylated triglycerides,
• alkoxylated fatty amines,
• sodium laureth sulfate,
• alkoxylated terpenes and
• compositions comprising corn syrup, petroleum oil and a nonionic emulsifier.

Nitrogen fertilizer composition according to Claim 1, characterized in that the said root metabolizing agent is chosen from a wetting, surfactant, surfactant or penetrating agent, with or without a component with a phytoeffector role, such as derivatives of algae, soya, pine and other plants, organic or mineral oils or a mixture thereof. Nitrogen fertilizer composition according to Claim 1, characterized in that the said metabolic agent is chosen from:

• secondary mineral elements such as calcium, magnesium and sulfur
• trace elements such as iron, zinc, manganese, copper, boron, and molybdenum
• organic acids such as malic and acetic acids
• amino acids such as lysine or glutamine
• peptides
• derivatives of the above acids in the form of ester or salts such as a sulfate or an acetate
• enzymes such as nitrate reductase
• a mixture of these.

Nitrogen fertilizer composition according to Claim 1, characterized in that the said metabolic agent is glutamic acid or a derivative of glutamic acid. Nitrogen fertilizer composition according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the said penetrating agent consists of lactam of glutamic acid. Nitrogen fertilizer composition according to Claim 1, characterized in that it contains between 0.8 and 8% of metabolic and penetration agents per kilogram of nitrogen agent. Solid fertilizer composition according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the said metabolic agent comprises molybdenum. Solid fertilizer composition according to Claim 1, characterized in that it is formed by solid granules. Solid fertilizer composition according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises a binding agent and at least one organic polymer. Solid fertilizer composition according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the said organic polymer is an at least partially cationic water-soluble polymer. Use of a nitrogen fertilizer composition according to claim 1 for treatment between sowing and post-flowering. Ready-to-use formulation, solid or liquid, useful for the preparation of a nitrogenous fertilizer composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 13, containing at least one agent for penetrating a nitrogenous agent and at least one metabolizing agent of said nitrogenous agent. Process for treating cereals, in particular winter wheat, in the field, consisting in delivering, in the form of a "net" spray, a fertilizer composition in accordance with at least one of Claims 1 to 9. Process for the field treatment of cereals, in particular winter wheat, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the said diluted composition is delivered by a boom comprising a plurality of nozzles, the flow rate of which is controlled according to the geolocation of the said boom and a cartography of the nutritional qualities of said field.