FR3113474A1 - PART COMPRISING AN ABRADABLE COATING AND ASSOCIATED MANUFACTURING METHOD - Google Patents

Abstract

PART COMPRISING AN ABRADABLE COATING AND ASSOCIATED MANUFACTURING METHOD The invention relates to a part (12) intended to cooperate by friction with another part (13) to form a labyrinth seal (11), the part (12) comprising: a metallic substrate (14) having a surface (14a), a coating (15) formed of an abradable material arranged on the surface (14a) of the substrate (14), anda layer of polymerizable adhesive (16) arranged between the substrate (14) and the coating (15) to secure the coating (15) to the substrate (14). Abstract figure: 3

Description

PART COMPRISING AN ABRADABLE COATING AND ASSOCIATED MANUFACTURING METHOD

Technical field of the invention

The invention relates to the technical field of assembling an abradable coating on a metal substrate to form a part, generally intended to cooperate by friction with a part carrying wipers to form a labyrinth seal.

The invention falls within the general technical field of aircraft turbine engines.

Technical background

In a well-known manner, an aircraft turbine engine comprises a fan allowing the suction of an air flow which is divided into a primary flow and a secondary flow. The primary flow passes through the engine of the turbomachine while the secondary flow is directed towards a secondary stream delimited by a casing fixed to a nacelle of the aircraft and an engine support structure.

The primary flow is compressed within, for example, a low pressure compressor then a high pressure compressor of the engine. The compressed air is then mixed with fuel and burned in an annular combustion chamber arranged downstream of the series of compressors. The gases formed by the combustion pass through a high pressure turbine and a low pressure turbine located downstream of the combustion chamber and which drive the compressors. The gases finally escape through a nozzle whose section allows the acceleration of these gases to generate propulsion.

Typically, the turbomachine comprises at least one sealing device comprising at least one labyrinth seal. The labyrinth seal generally seals between a fixed part and another rotating part. For example, the turbine or the compressor comprises moving blades rotating within a stator which constitute rotating parts. The surface of the moving blades has a series of teeth, called wipers, which extend radially with respect to the axis of the turbomachine. The wipers cooperate by friction, for example with a metal stator element forming a fixed part of the turbomachine to form the labyrinth seal. The labyrinth seal thus seals between the blades and the metal stator element such as a stator casing.

The metallic stator element comprises a metallic substrate having an internal surface on which is arranged an abradable coating. The abradable coating makes it possible to limit premature wear of the seals by friction with the stator element. The abradable coating is usually machined.

The stresses of the abradable coating in operation lead to decohesion between the abradable coating and the metallic substrate. The abradable coating no longer performs its role of protecting the wipers and such decohesion is therefore detrimental to the performance of the labyrinth seal.

Furthermore, the abradable coating is typically assembled on the metal substrate, by brazing, spraying or fitting. These assembly methods have several drawbacks.

Assembly by brazing or by spraying limits the nature of the material forming the metal substrate that can be used. Indeed, an assembly by brazing or spraying cannot be carried out on a substrate formed from an aluminum-based alloy. However, aluminum is particularly appreciated in the technical field of the invention since it has a resistance to high temperatures superior to other alloys.

Also, certain grades of steel cannot be used when assembly by brazing or spraying is envisaged due to geometric limitations of the metal substrate on which the abradable coating must be assembled.

Also, none of these three assembly processes can be implemented on a metal substrate formed of light alloys because these processes can lead to structural deformations of the metal substrate when it is formed of light alloys.

In this context, there is a need to provide a part comprising a metal substrate on which an abradable coating is arranged, presenting a low risk of decohesion, improved mechanical properties and resistance to high temperatures and in which the nature of the metal substrate n is not limited.

To this end, the invention proposes a part intended to cooperate by friction with another part to form a labyrinth seal, the part comprising:

• a metal substrate having a surface,
• a coating formed of an abradable material arranged on the surface of the substrate, and
• a layer of polymerizable adhesive arranged between the substrate and the coating to secure the coating to the substrate.

The part according to the invention comprises a layer of polymerizable adhesive arranged between the metal substrate and the coating. The implementation of an adhesive layer to secure the coating to the substrate makes it possible to dispense with assembly processes by brazing, spraying or fitting. Thus, the polymerizable adhesive layer can fix the abradable material on the metallic substrate independently of the nature of the alloy forming the metallic substrate. Thanks to the invention, a metal substrate formed from an aluminum-based alloy can therefore be implemented. The high temperature resistance of the part is therefore improved.

Furthermore, by avoiding assembly processes by brazing, spraying or fitting, the stresses on the part are limited, which makes it possible to reduce the structural deformations of the part and in particular of the substrate. The mechanical properties of the part are improved.

Also, the bonding resistance of the coating on the substrate is sufficient to limit the risks of decohesion.

The part according to the invention may comprise one or more of the following characteristics, taken separately from each other or in combination with each other:

- the adhesive layer includes a glue.

- the substrate is made of a material chosen from among steels and refractory alloys, and the glue is IP2902TM.

- the surface of the substrate comprises a thread.

- the substrate is made of an aluminum-based alloy, and the glue is LOCTITE® ABLESTIK 104.

- the coating comprises at least one layer formed of a non-woven fabric.

- the coating comprises at least two layers formed of a non-woven fabric and which are joined together by the adhesive layer.

- the adhesive layer comprises a first sub-layer arranged between the substrate and the coating and a second sub-layer arranged between the two layers of the coating.

The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a part according to one of the preceding characteristics, comprising the following steps:

- a step of supplying a metal substrate having a surface;
- a step of providing a coating formed of an abradable material;
- a step of supplying an adhesive;
- a step of placing a layer of polymerizable adhesive on the coating and/or on the surface of the substrate;
- a step of arranging the coating on the surface of the substrate; And
- a step of polymerization of the adhesive layer to secure the coating to the substrate.

The method according to the invention may comprise one or more of the following characteristics, taken separately from each other or in combination with each other:

• the step of supplying the substrate includes a sub-step of machining the surface of the substrate intended to increase the roughness of the surface.
• the step of supplying the adhesive comprises a sub-step of preparing the adhesive during which a first compound in the form of a powder is mixed with a second compound in the liquid state.
• the step of arranging the coating on the substrate includes a sub-step of applying a pressure, for example between 5 and 10 N/m².
• the step of providing the coating includes a sub-step of chamfering the coating.
• the step of supplying the coating comprises a sub-step of preparing the coating comprising an operation of preparing at least two layers formed of a non-woven fabric and an attachment of the layers to one another by the layer of adhesive.

Brief description of figures

Other characteristics and advantages will emerge from the following description of a non-limiting embodiment of the invention with reference to the appended drawings in which:

there is a schematic representation of a half aircraft turbomachine;

there is a schematic representation of a labyrinth seal,

there is a cross-sectional view of an example of a part according to the invention that can be fitted to the seal of the ,

there is an example of a process according to the invention.

Detailed description of the invention

An example of an aircraft turbomachine 1 is shown in the . The turbomachine 1 comprises a gas turbine engine extending along an axis X.

The engine has, upstream to downstream in the direction of flow of the gases F along the axis X, a fan 2, at least one compressor such as a low pressure compressor 3 and a high pressure compressor 4, a chamber combustion 5, at least one turbine such as a high pressure turbine 6 and a low pressure turbine 7, and a gas exhaust nozzle 8.

In the particular example of , the low pressure turbine 7 is connected to the fan 2 and to the low pressure compressor 3 by a low pressure shaft 10 supported by bearings 10a. The high pressure turbine 6 is itself connected to the high pressure compressor 4 by a high pressure shaft 9.

The blower 2 allows the suction of an air flow dividing into a primary flow F1 and a secondary flow F2. The primary flow F1 passes through the engine of the turbomachine 1 while the secondary flow F2 is directed towards a secondary stream.

The primary flow F1 is compressed within the low pressure compressor 3 then the high pressure compressor 4. The compressed air is then mixed with a fuel and burned within the combustion chamber 5. The gases formed by the combustion pass through the turbine high pressure 6 and low pressure 7. The gases finally escape through the nozzle 8 whose section allows the acceleration of these gases to generate propulsion.

The turbomachine 1 comprises at least one sealing device comprising at least one labyrinth seal 11 shown by way of example in the . The labyrinth seal 11 seals against a fluid such as air or oil within the turbomachine 1 between a part 12, for example fixed, and another part 13, for example rotating.

The labyrinth seal 11 thus comprises the fixed part 12 which cooperates by friction with the other rotating part 13.

The rotating part 13 is for example a blade of the high pressure 6 or low pressure 7 turbine or of the low pressure 3 or high pressure 4 compressor and extends for example inside the part 12. The rotating part 13 comprises a surface 13a on which is arranged a series of teeth 13b extending transversely (and in particular radially) with respect to the axis X of the turbomachine 1. The teeth 13b are called wipers and make it possible to disturb the flow of fluid vis- against which sealing must be ensured.

Part 12 is for example fixed. Part 12 is for example annular and extends around axis X of turbomachine 1. Part 12 is for example a casing of turbomachine 1, such as a casing of high pressure turbine 6. As shown in there , part 12 comprises a substrate 14, a coating 15 and a polymerizable layer of adhesive 16 placed between the substrate 14 and the coating 15.

The substrate 14 according to the invention is metallic. According to a first embodiment, the substrate 14 is formed of a material chosen from among steels and refractory alloys. The refractory alloy is for example a nickel-based alloy or a stainless steel. According to a second embodiment, the substrate 14 is made of an aluminum-based alloy. By aluminum-based alloy, it is understood an alloy in which the main element by weight is aluminum.

Substrate 14 includes surface 14a. The surface 14a advantageously has a roughness comprised between 1 μm and 4 μm, typically comprised between 1.6 μm and 3.2 μm . Such a roughness makes it possible to increase the bonding resistance of the coating 15 on the substrate 14. In the particular embodiment in which the substrate 14 is formed from a steel or a refractory alloy, the surface 14a comprises a thread. The thread makes it possible to increase the roughness of the surface 14a. The thread has a pitch for example comprised between 0.2 mm and 0.8 mm and a depth for example comprised between 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm, typically 0.15 mm.

Coating 15 is arranged on surface 14a of substrate 14. Coating 15 is formed from an abaradable material. By abradable, it is meant a material intended to wear under the effect of friction with the rotating part 13. The coating 15 comprises for example at least one layer formed of a non-woven fabric, commonly called felt in the technical field. of the invention. The nonwoven fabric includes metal fibers. Metal fibers are usually compacted. They are formed for example by a metal alloy based on nickel and chromium, the mass percentage of which is 20%. As shown for example in the Advantageously, the coating 15 comprises at least two layers 15a formed of non-woven textiles comprising metal fibers. The two coating layers 15a are joined together by means of the adhesive layer 16. This makes it possible to easily adjust the thickness of the coating 15 by superimposing layers 15a.

Furthermore, as seen in the , the coating 15 is secured to the substrate 14 by the polymerizable layer of adhesive 16 arranged between the substrate 14 and the coating 15. The adhesive layer 16 is polymerizable, that is to say that the adhesive passes from one first state to a second state under the effect of a stimuli, typically from a liquid state to a solid state under the effect of temperature. In part 12, the polymerizable adhesive layer 16 is in the solid state. The adhesive layer 16 includes a glue. The glue comprises a first compound A and a second compound B. According to a first embodiment in which the substrate 14 is formed from a steel or a refractory alloy, the glue is preferably IP2902 TM glue. The IP2902 TM adhesive comprises between 30 g and 50 g of compound A, typically 40 g and between 50 g and 70 g of compound B, typically 60 g. Compound B is for example silicate in solution. Compound A is for example a mixture of aluminum powder and zinc oxide.

According to a second embodiment in which the substrate 14 is made of an aluminum-based alloy, the adhesive is preferably LOCTITE® ABLESTIK 104 adhesive. The LOCTITE® ABLESTIK 104 adhesive comprises by mass between 50 parts and 70 parts of the A, typically 64 parts of compound A and between 90 parts and 110 parts of compound A, typically 100 parts of compound A. other glues.

According to an exemplary embodiment shown in the , the adhesive layer 16 comprises a first sub-layer 16a arranged between the substrate 14 and the coating 15 and a second sub-layer 16b disposed between the layers 15a of the coating 15. Advantageously, the second sub-layer 16b impregnates the layers 15a of the coating 15 and the coating is in the form of an agglomerate of fibers and adhesive.

According to another exemplary embodiment not shown, the adhesive layer 16 extends from the substrate 14 to the layers 15a of the coating 15 to secure both the substrate 14 to the coating 15 and each layer 15a of the coating 15. In this case, the coating 15 is in the form of an agglomerate of fibers and adhesive.

A method 100 for manufacturing part 12 will now be described. As shown by way of example in the , the method 100 comprises a step 110 of supplying the metal substrate 14 having the surface 14a. The step 110 of supplying the substrate 14 optionally comprises the following sub-steps taken alone or in combination with each other:

- a sub-step 111 of machining the surface 14a,

- a sub-step 112 of degreasing the surface 14a, and

- A sub-step 113 of sandblasting the surface 14a.

The degreasing sub-step 112 can be repeated after the sandblasting sub-step 113.

The sub-step 111 of machining the surface 14a can be carried out using a machining fluid such as a soluble lubricating oil.

The degreasing sub-step 112 makes it possible to improve the adhesion of the substrate 14 to the coating 15. It can be carried out by a blowing operation and/or an operation of immersing the substrate 14 in a solvent followed by drying of the substrate 14. The drying of the substrate is for example carried out in an oven at a temperature for example between 60°C and 100°C, typically 80°C and for a period for example between 10 min and 60 min, typically between 15 mins and 30 mins. The blowing operation is for example carried out with pressurized compressed air.

The sub-step 113 of sandblasting the surface 14a can comprise a preliminary operation of masking part of the surface 14a by depositing a mask. The preliminary masking operation makes it possible to protect a part of the surface 14a which is not intended to be secured to the coating 15. This optional masking operation is moreover followed by the sandblasting sub-step 113 which is for example carried out by projection of an abrasive, such as 130-grit corundum, under a pressure for example between 1 bar and 2 bar, typically between 1.1 bar and 1.5 bar. The projection of the abrasive is for example carried out at a distance from the surface 14a comprised between 5 cm and 20 cm, typically comprised between 10 cm and 15 cm.

The method 100 further comprises a step 120 of supplying the coating 15 formed from the abradable material which can be carried out before, in parallel, or after the step 110 of supplying the substrate 14. The step 120 of supplying the coating 15 optionally comprises the following sub-steps taken alone or in combination with each other:

- A sub-step 121 for preparing the coating 15;

- A sub-step 122 of knurling the coating 15;

- A sub-step 123 of preforming the coating 15;

- a sub-step 124 for adjusting the coating 15;

- a sub-step 125 of chamfering the coating 15 and

- a sub-step 126 of degreasing the coating 15.

The sub-step 121 of preparation of the covering 15 comprises for example an operation of preparing at least two layers 15a each formed of a non-woven fabric and of an attachment of the layers 15a to each other by the adhesive layer 16. The sub-step 121, as indicated below, can be carried out in parallel with step 130 where the layer of adhesive 16 to secure the coating 15 and the substrate 14 is provided. In this case, the adhesive can be injected or applied to the two layers 15a by crossing the nonwoven fabric thereof or in the form of a second sub-layer 16b of the adhesive layer 16.

This operation can be followed by a cutting operation and/or optionally a compacting operation and/or a machining operation in order to adjust the length and/or the thickness of the coating 15. This substep 121 can be followed of the knurling sub-step 122. The knurling sub-step 122 is performed on the surface of the coating 15 intended to be secured to the surface 14a of the substrate 14. This knurling sub-step 122 makes it possible to improve the adhesion of the adhesive layer 16. the knurling step 122 can be performed by applying a roller to the surface of the coating 15. The operation can be performed several times.

Next, an optional sub-step 123 of preforming the coating 15 is carried out. It consists in particular in conforming the geometry of the coating 15 to the geometry of the substrate 14. The preforming sub-step 123 can be carried out by bending the coating 15.

The sub-step 124 of adjustment of the coating 15 makes it possible to adjust the dimensions of the coating to the substrate 14. It can be carried out by cutting the coating 15.

The sub-step 125 of chamfering the coating makes it possible to improve the wettability of the coating 15. Indeed, the capillarity between the coating 15 and the substrate 14 is improved, ensuring better wettability and consequently, optimal bonding between the coating 15 and the substrate 14.

The sub-step 126 of degreasing the coating 15 can be identical to the sub-step 112 of degreasing the surface 14a.

The method 100 further comprises a step 130 of supplying the adhesive which can be carried out in parallel, before or after the steps 110 and 120 of respectively supplying the substrate 14 and the coating 15.

The step 130 of supplying the adhesive optionally comprises the following sub-steps taken alone or in combination with each other:

- a sub-step 131 for preparing compound A;

- a sub-step 132 for preparing compound B;

- a sub-step 133 for preparing the adhesive.

In the sub-step 131 of preparation of compound A, the latter is supplied in the form of a powder. Sub-step 131 comprises a heat treatment operation of compound A at a temperature between 50° C. and 130° C., typically between 80° C. and 100° C., for a duration for example between 20 min and 80 min, typically between 30 min and 60 min. A powder grain selection operation can then be carried out using, for example, a sieve whose opening size is for example 500 μm.

During the sub-step 132 of preparation of compound B carried out in parallel, before or after the sub-step 131, the latter is supplied in liquid form. Sub-step 132 comprises an operation of mixing compound B in order to homogenize the liquid.

According to a particular embodiment in which the adhesive is LOCTITE® ABLESTIK 104 glue, the sub-step 132 of preparing compound B comprises a step of heat treatment of compound B. The heat treatment is for example carried out at a temperature between 40°C and 70°C, typically between 50°C and 60°C. The heat treatment of compound B is for example carried out in a water bath. Such a heat treatment makes it possible to reduce the viscosity of compound B to facilitate its handling.

After the sub-steps 131 and 132 of supplying component A and compound B respectively, the sub-step 133 of preparing the adhesive is carried out. It comprises an operation of mixing compound A with compound B. The mixing operation is carried out for a time greater than or equal to 5 min, typically greater than or equal to 10 min.

The method 100 according to the invention further comprises a step 140 of placing the layer of polymerizable adhesive 16 on the coating 15 and/or on the surface 14a of the substrate 14. Preferably, the delay (duration) between the sub-step 140 of arrangement of the layer of adhesive 16 and the sub-step of 133 of preparation of the adhesive is less than 15h, typically less than or equal to 12h.

The arrangement step 140 is advantageously carried out at a temperature between 15°C and 30°C, typically between 18°C and 25°C. Such a temperature preserves the properties of the adhesive. Advantageously, step 140 is carried out in an environment whose humidity level is between 30% and 70%. During step 140, adhesive layer 16 is for example deposited on surface 14a of substrate 14 and/or on a surface of coating 15 intended to be in contact with surface 14a of substrate 14. The adhesive layer 16 is for example deposited manually using a spatula. The adhesive layer 16 is for example deposited in the form of a first sub-layer 16a. Alternatively, the adhesive layer 16 can be injected so as to extend as far as the layers 15a of the coating 15 to secure both the substrate 14 to the coating 15 and each layer 15a of the coating 15.

Optionally, step 140 of arrangement comprises an initial operation of mixing the adhesive in order to standardize the properties of the layer of adhesive before its deposition.

After the step 140 of arranging the layer of adhesive 16, the method 100 further comprises a step 150 of arranging the coating 15 on the substrate 14. According to this step, the substrate 14a and the coating 15 are placed against each other so that the adhesive layer 16 is arranged between the substrate 14a and the coating 15. The arrangement step 140 is advantageously carried out at a temperature between 15° C. and 30° C., typically between 18°C and 25°C. Advantageously, the arrangement step 150 is carried out in an environment whose humidity level is between 30% and 70%.

Advantageously, the arrangement step 150 includes a sub-step 151 of applying a pressure, for example between 5 and 10 N/m². During this sub-step 141, the part 12 is for example positioned in a tightening tool. When the part 12 is annular, an expandable tool is for example positioned in a bore of the part 12. According to another example, the clamping tool comprises an elastic clamping ring called a circlip. An expanding cone can also be used. A combination of these tools can also be used.

Then, after the arrangement step 150, an optional intermediate rest step is performed. The part 12 is left to rest for a period of 1 hour to 12 hours, preferably at a temperature between 15° C. and 30° C., typically between 18° C. and 25° C. and advantageously in an environment whose humidity level is between 30% and 70%.

According to the invention, the method 100 then comprises a step 160 of polymerization of the adhesive layer 16 to secure the coating 15 to the substrate 14.

Step 160 advantageously comprises the following sub-step:

- a sub-step 163 of cooking part 12.

According to a first embodiment in which the substrate 14 is formed of a refractory steel or alloy, the firing sub-step 163 is carried out at a temperature between 300° C. and 400° C., advantageously between 330° C. and 350° C., for a period greater than 20 min, typically greater than 30 min and advantageously less than or equal to 60 min.

According to this first embodiment, the cooking sub-step 163 is advantageously preceded by the following sub-steps:

- a pre-cooking sub-step 161,

- an optional finishing sub-step 162.

The sub-step 161 of pre-firing the part 12 is for example carried out at a temperature between 50°C and 100°C, typically between 75°C and 85°C. The pre-cooking sub-step 161 is carried out for a duration for example comprised between 2 h and 30 h, typically comprised between 4 h and 20 h. The pre-cooking sub-step 161 is for example carried out in an oven.

Then, the optional sub-step 162 of finishing part 12 can be performed. During this sub-step, the clamping tools are removed from the part 12. During this sub-step, an adjustment of the adhesive layer 16 is carried out to standardize the thickness of the adhesive layer and improve the bonding properties. .

After the pre-firing sub-step 161 and possibly the finishing sub-step 162, the sub-step 161 of firing the part is carried out. Advantageously, an inter-cooking step is carried out between the pre-cooking sub-step 161 and the cooking sub-step 162. The duration of the inter-firing step is greater than or equal to 30min, typically greater than or equal to 60min and less than 24h. The inter-firing step is typically carried out at a temperature between 15°C and 30°C, i.e. at room temperature.

According to a second embodiment in which the substrate 14 is made of an aluminum-based alloy, the firing sub-step 163 is carried out at a temperature between 100° C. and 200° C., typically between 145° C. and 155° C., for a period of between 2 h and 6 h, typically between 3 h and 5 h.

The chamfering sub-step 125 can be carried out again after the baking sub-step 163 according to the two embodiments.

Thus, according to the invention, the part 12 comprises a metal substrate 14 and a coating 15 formed of an abradable material secured to the substrate 14 by a layer of adhesive 16. The metal substrate 14 may be formed of a steel, a refractory alloy or an aluminum-based alloy so that the resistance to high temperatures of the part 12 is improved. Furthermore, according to the invention, assembly processes by spraying, brazing or fitting are dispensed with, which makes it possible to improve the mechanical and adhesion properties of the part 12.

Claims (14)

Part (12) intended to cooperate by friction with another part (13) to form a labyrinth seal (11), the part (12) comprising:

• a metal substrate (14) having a surface (14a),
• a coating (15) formed of an abradable material arranged on the surface (14a) of the substrate (14), and
• a layer of polymerizable adhesive (16) arranged between the substrate (14) and the coating (15) to secure the coating (15) to the substrate (14).

Part (12) according to claim 1, characterized in that the adhesive layer (16) comprises a glue. Part (12) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the substrate (14) is formed of a material chosen from among steels and refractory alloys, and in that the glue is IP2902TM. Part (12) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the surface (14a) of the substrate (14) comprises a thread. Part (12) according to Claim 2, characterized in that the substrate (14) is made of an aluminum-based alloy, and in that the glue is LOCTITE® ABLESTIK 104. Part (12) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coating (15) comprises at least one layer (15a) formed from a non-woven fabric. Part (12) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the coating (15) comprises at least two layers (15a) formed from a non-woven fabric and which are secured together by the adhesive layer (16). Part (12) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the adhesive layer (16) comprises a first sub-layer (16a) arranged between the substrate (14) and the coating (15) and a second sub-layer (16b) arranged between the two layers (15a) of the covering (15). Method (100) for manufacturing a part (12) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps:
- a step (110) of providing a metal substrate (14) having a surface (14a);
- a step (120) of providing a coating (15) formed of an abradable material;
- a step (130) of supplying an adhesive;
- a step (140) of placing a layer of polymerizable adhesive (16) on the coating (15) and/or on the surface (14a) of the substrate (14);
- a step (150) of arranging the coating (15) on the surface of the substrate (14);
- a step (160) of polymerization of the adhesive layer (16) to secure the coating (15) to the substrate (14). Manufacturing method (100) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the step of supplying (110) the substrate comprises a sub-step (111) of machining the surface (14a) of the substrate (14) intended to increase the roughness of the surface (14a). Manufacturing process (100) according to one of Claims 9 to 10, characterized in that the step (130) of supplying the adhesive comprises a sub-step (133) of preparing the adhesive during which a first compound (A) in powder form is mixed with a second compound (B) in liquid state. Manufacturing method (100) according to any one of Claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the step (150) of arranging the coating on the substrate comprises a sub-step (151) of applying pressure, for example between 5 and 10 N/m². Manufacturing method (100) according to any one of Claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the step (120) of providing the coating (15) comprises a sub-step (125) of chamfering the coating (15). Manufacturing process (100) according to any one of Claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the step (120) of providing the coating (15) comprises a sub-step (121) of preparing the coating (15) comprising an operation of preparing at least two layers (15a) formed of a non-woven fabric and of joining the layers (15a) together by the layer of adhesive (16).