FR3111965A1 - Ambient air treatment system allowing its filtration, sterilization, purification, refining and balancing of temperature and humidity - Google Patents

Abstract

Device allowing the filtration, sterilization, purification, refining and balancing of the temperature and the humidity level, of the ambient air in order to allow its diffusion (either directly to one or more users, or within a room), and also allowing the sterilization of exhaled air (either directly by a user or recovered from the ambient air) before release into the ambient air. The invention allows the aspiration of the ambient air, thanks to a ventilation system, by passing the air sucked in through a filter making it possible to capture the microbes and/or particles in suspension in the air, allowing its filtration. The filtered air then circulates through a thermal chamber allowing the heating of the air allowing its sterilization. This filtered and sterilized air then comes into contact with a greasy filter to allow the elimination of ashes and all burnt particles, during the air heating stage, allowing its purification. The filtered, sterilized and purified air then passes through a water tank allowing refining, balancing humidity and air temperature. According to the embodiment of the invention, the filtered, sterilized, purified, refined and balanced air: - circulates either through a ventilation system towards one or more nasal diffuser(s) connected to a /user(s) through tubes. - circulates through a ventilation system to a diffusion system in the ambient air. Whatever the embodiment, the present invention makes it possible to recover the exhaled air, in order to sterilize it before releasing it into the ambient air. (Abstract Figure: Fig 18)

Description

Ambient air treatment system allowing its filtration, sterilization, purification, refining and balancing of temperature and humidity

The present invention relates to an air treatment device, allowing its filtration, sterilization, purification, refining and balancing of temperature and humidity.

In the description or in the claims, the term “comprising” does not exclude other elements or other steps. The various characteristics presented and/or claimed can be advantageously combined. Their presence, in the description or in different dependent claims, does not exclude this possibility.

The invention makes it possible to treat the air so as to prevent the spread of contagious diseases and all microbes, bacteria, viruses, particles and/or germs suspended in the air, and which can be picked up by the respiratory tract, by filtering, sterilizing, purifying, refining and balancing the rate of humidity and the temperature of the air inspired by its user.

The use of the invention does not produce ozone gas (O3) or any other gas harmful to the lungs.

The invention allows several operations, namely for example the connection to one or more nasal diffuser(s) making it possible to supply users with filtered, sterilized, purified, refined air whose humidity rate and temperature are balanced, or to connect this invention to an air distribution system inside rooms in order to provide filtered, sterilized, purified, refined air whose humidity and temperature are balanced. This invention also makes it possible to recover the exhaled air, either directly via tubes connected to the nasal diffuser(s), or thanks to a ventilation system making it possible to capture the ambient air containing the exhaled air, in order to allow the sterilization of this recovered air, by the invention, before releasing it into the ambient air, once sterilized, in order to stop the spread of the virus through the respiratory tract by an already contaminated user.

According to particular embodiments, the invention can be made in different sizes. It can thus be large in size and include numerous possible connections, or miniaturized in order to allow a user to carry it directly on him.

Thus the invention is not limited to a single user and can be connected simultaneously to several users depending on the number of possible connections to the device.

Thus, this device may be made available to hotel customers, restaurants, hospital patients, and/or, without being exhaustive, transport and public transport users, on the sole condition of having a nasal diffuser as well as than its connecting tubes.

Such an embodiment allows the user/s to avoid using the power source of their personal air treatment systems by each connecting their nasal diffusers with the connection tube to a network of connections connected to the invention in order to allow them to benefit from sterilized and purified air without releasing exhaled air nearby.

The invention also allows the addition of additional pipes in order to supply the user with any gas or substances necessary for a possible therapy.

The invention is not limited to the supply of a user connected to the device, but can also make it possible to diffuse sterilized air in a place, for example via an air conditioning system, or any other mode of diffusion of air. 'air. In this other embodiment of the invention, it is necessary to add a ventilation and duct system making it possible to recover the ambient air containing the air exhaled by the people present in the room, in order to treat it and sterilize it, but also to prevent this air from circulating elsewhere.

The invention can be connected to different devices by means of different tubes allowing the circulation of air between these different devices and the invention.

The invention can be connected to a device for specific anti-fog goggles (protective, sight, sun) which are ventilated and ventilated both outside and inside, by a tube connected to the invention. , in order to protect the eyes and avoid any contact with the outside air which could be polluted/contaminated by parasites and/or dust and/or other particles existing in the air, and in order to avoid any fogging both inside and outside the glasses.

The invention can also be connected to a mask covering the entire face, in order to diffuse therein filtered, sterilized, purified, refined air whose humidity level and temperature are balanced, which could be useful by example in a particularly polluted environment.

In the embodiment described below, reference will be made to a nasal diffuser, without the use of this term limiting the scope of this patent to the use of a nasal diffuser. This nasal diffuser could be replaced by any type of respiratory diffuser.

The only existing devices to date to treat ambient air are devices using technologies such as Ultra-Violet light, which induces the production of ozone gas, which is harmful to the lungs. There are technologies using ionization techniques, which does not eliminate airborne germs and particles, but only weighs them down in order to make them fall before picking them up, and otherwise such solutions are only effective on a small area. Other devices use filters that do not eliminate all microbes, germs or particles present in the ambient air. No existing device can be directly portable by the user. Thus, none of the existing solutions can filter, sterilize, purify, refine and balance the temperature and humidity of the ambient air, thus allowing the elimination of viruses / bacteria / microbes or particles in suspension in the air, and the absence of diffusion of these in the ambient air, thus making it possible to prevent the spread of a virus for example.

The invention that is the subject of this patent would make it possible to meet these needs by making it possible to filter, sterilize, purify, refine and balance the temperature and the humidity level of the ambient air and to sterilize the air exhaled by the users connected to the invention (either directly or by a system making it possible to recover the exhaled air in the ambient air), without danger for the user, as well as the environment.

This invention allows the user, regardless of the temperature or the existing humidity level in the ambient air, to enjoy air at a pleasant temperature (neither too cold nor too hot) and at a rate of optimum humidity.

On the other hand, this invention would allow researchers and the medical profession to extend their fields of research in terms of gas therapies and other therapies by inhalation of gas or other substances.

This invention consists of the assembly of several devices, each of which taken individually has its own characteristics, properties and importance.

According to the embodiment of the invention, all of these devices can be manufactured and used as a single device or combined with each other according to the user's needs. Each device can be manufactured and marketed separately in order to allow users to choose the desired range (according to their needs) and benefit from its utility(s) and functions.

The invention is not limited to the supply of a user connected to the device, but can also make it possible to diffuse sterilized air in a place, of small or large surface, by any mode of diffusion of the air. , without heating the diffused air. Such a system will allow the diffusion of air at a pleasant temperature. This system also makes it possible to recover the ambient air containing the air exhaled by the people present in the room, in order to treat and sterilize it, but also to prevent this air from circulating elsewhere (in neighboring rooms).

The system for treating the air drawn in and exhaled from the ambient air can be located outside the room where the air is treated.

Such an invention could be used in hospitals, but also in the public domain, in transport, hotels, restaurants, cars, apartments, houses, or directly on the user, with a portable version of the invention. This list is not exhaustive, the system being made to be adapted to any place where it could be useful. Its format can also be adapted to the intended use.

All the elements making up the invention are complementary and linked, but can be used independently of each other.

The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows. This is purely illustrative and should be read in conjunction with the attached drawings in which:
- there ( ) shows a perspective view of the invention
- there ( ) represents the front face A1 of the invention
- there ( ) represents the upper face A2 of the invention
- there ( ) represents the right side face A3 of the invention
- there ( ) represents the left side face A4 of the invention
- there ( ) represents the rear face A5 of the invention
- there ( ) represents the lower face A6 of the invention
- there ( ) shows a perspective view of the AL chassis
- there ( ) shows a perspective view of the right side of the AL frame highlighting the holes in the AL frame
- there 0 ( ) shows a perspective view of the left side of the AL chassis highlighting the holes and electrical conduits of the AL chassis
- there 1 ( ) shows a rear view of the invention, the rear plate A23 of which has been removed to reveal a pipe
- there 2 ( ) shows a perspective view of the chassis highlighting the chambers of the invention
- there 3 ( ) represents the plate covering the left face A4 of box A
- there 4 ( ) represents the plate covering the front face of box A
- there 5 ( ) represents the plate covering the right side face of box A
- there 6 ( ) shows a perspective view of the chassis highlighting the chambers of the invention
- there 7 ( ) shows a cross-section of the invention highlighting some chambers of the invention
- there 8 ( ) shows a cross-section of the invention highlighting the spaces present inside the invention
- there 9 ( ) represents a cross section of the chambers AC1 and AC2 of the invention
- there ( ) represents a perspective view of the thermal chamber highlighting its ducts allowing the entry and exit of air
- there 1 ( ) represents a cross section of the thermal chamber
- there ( ) represents a perspective view of a microbead
- there ( ) represents a cross-section of the AC3 chamber
- there ( ) shows a cross-section of the AC3 chamber highlighting the water reservoir
- there ( ) represents a cross-section of the AC3 chamber highlighting the AS6 space
- there ( ) represents the AE11 reverse funnel
- there ( ) represents part of the refining device present in chamber AC3
- there ( ) shows a perspective view of the oily filter and the disc on which it is placed
- there ( ) represents a cross-section of chambers AC4 and AC5
- there ( ) represents the battery and the electronic control system
- there ( ) represents a section of the AC6 chamber highlighting the ventilation system
- there ( ) represents a system composed of several tubes and electric cables which could be connected to the invention in order to connect it to a nasal diffuser, or to a device for glasses, for example
- there ( ) shows a perspective view of one end of this tube and cable system
- there ( ) shows a perspective view of one end of this tube and cable system
- there ( ) represents the front face of a nasal diffuser and its protective mask, compatible with the invention
- there ( ) represents a rear view of a nasal diffuser and its protective mask, compatible with the invention
- there ( ) shows a bottom view of a nasal diffuser and its protective mask, compatible with the invention and highlighting the floppy disk system comprising the filter
- there ( ) represents a view of the interior of a nasal diffuser and its protective mask, compatible with the invention
- there ( ) represents the tubes necessary for the operation of a spectacle device compatible with the invention
- there ( ) represents the horizontal H junction between the tubes of a spectacle device compatible with the invention
- there 1 ( ) shows a perspective view of a spectacle device compatible with the invention and highlighting the tubes
- there ( ) represents a perspective view of a spectacle device compatible with the invention and highlighting the hermetic embodiment of this spectacle device
- there ( ) represents a device for fixing cables and tubes compatible with the invention

It should be noted that the figures expose the invention in detail to implement at least one embodiment of the invention, said figures can of course be used to better define the invention if necessary. In the description, the same alphanumeric references designate from one figure to another identical or functionally similar elements.

This invention consists of the assembly of several devices, each of which taken individually has its own characteristics, properties and importance.

According to the embodiment of the invention, all of these devices can be manufactured and used as a single device or combined with each other according to the user's needs. Each device can be manufactured and marketed separately in order to allow users to choose the desired range (according to their needs) and benefit from its utility(s) and functions.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention in its general embodiment.

Other embodiments of these devices exist.

The invention is an invention which filters, sterilizes, purifies and refines inspired air by balancing its humidity and temperature in order to allow in one embodiment to one or more user(s) connected to the invention by a system of tubes connected to a nasal diffuser, to inspire filtered, sterilized, purified and refined air and thus avoid any contamination by a virus or other germ in suspension in the ambient air.

In one embodiment of the invention, it also sterilizes the air exhaled by the user or users, then releases it into the ambient air, once sterilized, thus preventing the spread of the virus or germs. contaminants through the respiratory tract.

The invention is not limited to the supply of a user connected to the device, but can also make it possible to diffuse sterilized air in a place, for example via an air conditioning system, without risk of ozone production ( O3).

The invention is composed of nine chambers which make it possible to filter, sterilize, purify, refine and balance the temperature and humidity level of the inspired air, but also to sterilize the exhaled air before releasing it into the air. ambient.

The ambient air is sucked into the invention, thanks to a ventilation system, by passing the sucked air through one or more filters making it possible to filter and capture microbes, bacteria, viruses, particles and/or germs in suspension in the air, in order to allow its filtration.

According to other embodiments, the air can pass through one or more filters of different kinds (such as for example an activated carbon filter) and one or more sponges.

The filtered air then circulates through a thermal chamber allowing the heating of the air (for example with a thermal chamber/furnace system, or any type of system allowing the heating of the air and requiring or not electricity , or by using other sources of energy) in order to allow the sterilization of the air circulating in this heating system.

This filtered and sterilized air then comes into contact with a greasy filter in order to allow the elimination of ashes and all particles, microbes, bacteria, etc., burnt during the air heating stage, in order to allow its cleansing.

According to another embodiment, the fatty filter can be constituted by a set of fatty micro-elements (such as for example and without this list being exhaustive, micro-beads, micro-rings, filaments, grids, fabrics, in flat shape, but also in spiral shape or other shape, and arranged or not in a layer, so as or not to form a labyrinth, etc.)

The filtered, sterilized and purified air then passes through a water tank allowing the refining of the air, but also the balancing of its humidity and temperature.

In one embodiment of the invention, the filtered, sterilized, purified, refined and balanced air then circulates through a ventilation system to one or more respiratory diffuser(s)/nasal(s) connected ) to one or more users through tubes connected to the apparatus which is the subject of the present invention.

In another embodiment, the filtered, sterilized, purified, refined and balanced air then circulates through a ventilation system to an air diffusion system in the ambient air.

The invention makes it possible to treat the air exhaled either within the nasal diffuser, or within any type of diffuser, or the air exhaled in the ambient air, by the user(s), whatever the embodiment of the invention, by drawing in the air exhaled by the user(s), in order to direct it, using various tubes, towards the heating system, in order to allow the exhaled air to circulate around the air heating system, and allow its sterilization, before releasing it into the ambient air, and thus avoid the diffusion into the ambient air of air "contaminated" by the user, and thus avoid the spread of a virus or a microbe by a sick user.

An embodiment of the invention therefore allows the circulation of filtered, sterilized, purified, refined and balanced air towards a nasal diffuser placed hermetically around the nose of a user, or even fixed hermetically around the face of the user. the user.

This nasal diffuser has a motor activating valves, allowing filtered, sterilized, purified, refined and balanced air to enter the airtight space, when the user inhales, and to let the air out. air exhaled by the user from this airtight space, when exhaling from the user.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the user can choose, according to his needs or desires, between a hermetic configuration or an "open" position allowing the passage of ambient air through a filter contained in a floppy disk, located under the nose of the user.

According to one embodiment, the nasal diffuser makes it possible to recover the air exhaled by the user, via a system of tubes connected to the air treatment device, in order to allow the passage of the exhaled air around of the air heating system, in order to allow the sterilization of the air before releasing it into the ambient air.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the invention makes it possible to diffuse the ambient air sucked in, filtered, sterilized, towards a system of glasses connected to a user by means of tubes connected to the invention. The air diffused has a pleasant temperature and is dry, due to its passage through the heating system, and thus prevents the formation of fog on the lenses of the glasses.

This goggle device can, according to the embodiments, be fixed hermetically around the eyes of the user, in order to allow the diffusion of filtered, sterilized, dry air of pleasant temperature in a space sealed from the ambient air around of the user's eyes, and also allowing the diffusion of this filtered, sterilized and dry air on the outer surface of the lenses in order to prevent the formation of fog.

All of these elements (diffuser and bezels) can be connected to the invention via a set of tubes and electric cables.

The invention is a system which filters, sterilizes, purifies and refines the inspired air by balancing its humidity and its temperature in order to allow each user to inspire the filtered, sterilized, purified and refined air and thus avoid any contamination by a virus or other germ suspended in the ambient air.

The invention also sterilizes the air exhaled by the user, then releases it into the ambient air, once sterilized, thus preventing the spread of the virus or contaminating germs through the respiratory tract.

The invention comprises a housing A allowing the filtration, sterilization, purification and refining of the air.

The invention consists of a frame (AL) designed by molding and machining, comprising nine chambers, as well as spaces allowing the passage of electrical wires, tubes, orifices or conduits, etc. A first chamber (AC1) relates to the filtration of inspired air. A second chamber (AC2) is related to the sterilization of inspired and expired air. A third chamber (AC3) allows the purification, refining and cooling of inspired air. A fourth chamber (AC4) is used to store the gas bottle and a fifth chamber (AC5) allows the storage of the battery and the electronic control system of certain devices. The sixth chamber (AC6) has a fan allowing the circulation of filtered, sterilized, purified and refined air, with a natural humidity level and a pleasant temperature, towards the tap (A8) located on the front face (A1) of the invention. A seventh chamber (AC7) located below the chamber (AC2) and accessible after removal of the grid (A23) located on the underside (A6) of box A, contains an automatic device (AE23) controlling the opening and closure of the gas supply necessary to supply the torch according to needs and necessities. The eighth chamber (AC8) is the chamber for receiving filtered, sterilized, purified and refined air, with a natural humidity level and a pleasant temperature of the space (AS4) of the chamber (AC3). This chamber (AC8) is empty and allows the circulation of filtered, sterilized, purified and refined air, with a natural humidity level and a pleasant temperature in the duct (AO8) located under the lower wall of the chamber (AC2 ) to the fan (AE19) located in the chamber (AC6). A ninth chamber (AC9) is the chamber for receiving the air exhaled by the user and which arrives in the chamber (AC9) after passing through the valve (A9) and its duct (AO3). This chamber (AC9) is empty and is used to circulate the air exhaled by the user to the torch (AE7) located in the space (AS3) of the chamber (AC2) in order to be sterilized before being released into the wild.

The invention can be made in different sizes, whether very large in order to allow many users to connect, or miniaturized, in order to allow a user to move around with it. In this last embodiment, the invention may for example be fixed, placed, clipped, positioned on the arms of glasses or positioned at the level of the ears/temples of the user, near the diffuser (nasal diffuser). In such an embodiment, the invention would be fixed using a system similar to that of audio headsets, and fixed using tubes connected to the diffuser (nasal diffuser) and thanks to one or more bands passing at the back and/or above the user's skull (or even by a headband system). Such an embodiment requires either a battery directly integrated into the device, or an external battery to which the device can be connected, or even a direct connection to a power socket (for example a low current input socket allowing connection to the cigarette lighter socket of a car). The foregoing does not exclude any other means of realization. Similarly, the arrangement of the various components of the invention may be different.

Each chamber or space is delimited either by a plate or by a disk, fixed on a rim (A1-1 for chamber AC1; A3-1 for chamber AC8; A4-1 for chamber AC6) ensuring the sealing of spaces thanks to a system of seals. These edges consist of a concave edge resembling a gutter sinking a few millimeters into the frame (AL) allowing the fixing of the seal.

The frame (AL) has on its front face the conduit inlet (AO10). This duct (AO10) allows the passage of air within the duct (AE4), then within the thermal chamber (AE5), then within the duct (AE6), before exiting within the chamber (AC3 ).

The chassis (AL) has on its left side face a hole (AO7) allowing access to the spark plug (AE8).

The invention has on its front face (A1) four elements, including an electrical connection system (A10), in order to operate the diffuser (nasal diffuser) and/or the spectacle system (device D), as well as two devices connection (A8) and (A9) corresponding to the pipes allowing the inspired air and the expired air to circulate between the box A and the diffusers (nasal diffuser), via the tubes (device B) connected to these devices. The front face also includes a ventilation grille (A7), allowing the ambient air to be captured.

On the front face (A1) is visible the edge of the chassis (AL) of the box A, which frames the plate (A1-1) which covers this surface.

The plates (A1-1) (A3-1), (A4-1) covering the faces (A1), (A3) and (A4) of the invention can be fixed by a screw system, or even by a system of magnets. Other methods of fixing the outer plates of the invention are possible.

The frame (AL) has on its front face an orifice (AO2) located between the orifices (AO1) and (AO3). This orifice (AO2) allows the passage of electrical wires to the electrical conduit (AT1).

The grille on the front face (A7) has a first filter (AE1) which filters the ambient air sucked in by the internal fan (AE3) to be filtered, sterilized, purified and refined.

The right side face (A3) of the invention comprises a control panel (A14) with the on and off buttons allowing the control and monitoring of the correct operation of this set of devices via a LCD screen installed on this panel.

On the right side face (A3) is visible the edge of the chassis (AL) of box A, which frames the plate (A3-1) which covers this surface.

On this control panel (A14) there is a low current input socket (A14-1) for connection to the cigarette lighter socket of a car.

Below this control panel (A14) is the 110/220 Volt electrical connection (A15) relating to the power supply of the charger (AE24-1) of the battery (AE24) which is installed inside this box A. The charger (AE24-1) is attached to the electronic control system (AE22).

Below this connection (A15) is a ventilation window (A16) of the electrical control system.

On the lower part of the right side face (A3) of box A, there is an additional air inlet system (A17), allowing the flame of the torch (AE7) to be supplied with oxygen.

The left side face (A4) of box A has three taps.

The valve (A18) located furthest back on the left side face (A4) is provided to send sterilized air, slightly heated to the goggles (device D), in order to allow ventilation, both inside and 'on the outside of the lenses, thus preventing the formation of fogging on both the internal and external face of the lenses.

The two taps (A19) and (A20) located at the front of the left side face (A4) of this box A allow the connection of pipes in order to allow the supply of the user with any gas or substances necessary for a possible therapy.

On the left side face (A4) is visible the edge of the chassis (AL) of box A, which frames the plate (A4-1) which covers this surface.

The underside (A6) of this case A has four rubber feet (A22), located at each corner, to absorb shocks and ensure a reasonable space between the case and the floor.

The lower face (A6) also has a grid (A23) to allow air circulation which will be used to keep the torch (AE7) lit.

The rear face (A5) of this box A comprises a closed plate (A21) and behind which there is a pipe/conduit (AT2) allowing the passage of electric wires.

The invention has on the front part of its upper face (A2) a ventilation grille (A11) allowing the air exhaled once sterilized to be diffused into the ambient air. This last grid (A11) also makes it possible to evacuate the heat released during the implementation of the invention, and in particular the heat generated by the thermal chamber (AE5) and the weak smoke released by the torch (AE7) during its use.

The middle cover (A12) is provided to allow access to the chamber (AC3) which contains the water tank (AS5-1) and the refinement systems.

The second cover (A13) located behind the upper face (A2) of box A provides access to the chamber (AC4) containing the gas cylinder (AE20).

The chamber (AC1) corresponds to the filtration chamber.

A first filter (AE1) is fixed against the grid (A7) on the front face of the housing (A1) and a second grid (AE2) located inside the housing A. This second grid (AE2) is attached to a fan (AE3).

This fan (AE3) allows the circulation of air towards the chamber (AC2) relating to the sterilization of the air.

This system makes it possible to suck in the outside air which crosses the first filter (AE1) and is blown/directed by the first fan (AE3) of the air to enter through the connecting duct (AE4), located in the orifice (AO10), inside the thermal chamber (AE5) allowing air sterilization.

The fixing of the thermal chamber (AE5) is ensured on one side by this conduit (AE4) and on the other side, by a second conduit (AE6). This duct (AE6) is made of an insulating material such as PTFE (polyetrafluoroethylene) which limits the transfer of heat from the thermal chamber to the chassis.

This duct (AE4) also allows filtered air to enter and pass through the thermal chamber (AE5).

The thermal chamber (AE5) consists of two bodies, one inside the other. An internal body (AE5-2) where the sucked air circulates, fixed within an external body (AE5-1) intended to be heated. The inner body (AE5-2) is fixed within the outer body (AE5-1) on both sides via its own ducts, made of non-oxidizable material and able to withstand the heat circulating within the thermal chamber (AE5), d inlet (AE5-10) and outlet (AE5-11) of the air sucked in, intended to be connected to the inlet (AE4) and outlet (AE6) ducts of the air sucked into the thermal chamber (AE5 ).

This thermal chamber therefore consists of a small casing (AE5-2) fixed in a second larger casing (AE5-1) using the two conduits (AE5-10) and (AE5-11) which, in addition to this fixing, the filtered air to pass through the small box (AE5-2) entirely, without being in contact with the air existing between the two boxes (AE5-1 and AE5-2).

The outer body of the thermal chamber (AE5-1) is surrounded by several small electric heating plates (AE5-3), which produce heat of up to 300 degrees, which is far greater than the heat required to kill all kinds of germs (viruses, microbes, bacteria) passing through the thermal chamber (AE5).

The control of the heating system can be manual and/or automatic.

According to the embodiment, the internal body of the thermal chamber (AE5-2) is constituted either by several corridors (AE5-4) forming a labyrinth; either by a set of solid micro-beads (AE5-5) pierced with an orifice, and whose final appearance may resemble micro-rings, the ring of which has a width preferably between 1 and 2 millimeters, without this size being essential; or the combination of the labyrinth and the micro-beads (AE5-5). The purpose of these labyrinth and perforated micro-bead systems is to slow down the passage of air in the thermal chamber (AE5), and thus allow optimal heating of the air.

In one embodiment including the perforated microbeads (AE5-5), the inlet (AE5-10) and outlet (AE5-11) ducts of the small box (AE5-2) must be closed by a veil/mesh of metal fibres, non-oxidizable, resistant to the heat of the thermal chamber and whose mesh of metal wires is fine enough to prevent the balls (AE5-5) from coming out of the small case of the thermal chamber (AE5-2), without preventing the air in and out.

The internal walls (AE5-4) of the small box (AE5-2) of the thermal chamber (AE5), as well as those of the labyrinth, as well as the ducts (AE5-10 and AE5-11), as well as the perforated balls ( AE5-5), or even the wires constituting the mesh are made of or covered with non-oxidizable materials, which can withstand the heat produced by the thermal chamber (AE5), and have high thermal conductivity. (Such as for example and without this list being exhaustive, in gold, in platinum, etc.)

A torch (AE7) is located below the electric plates (AE5-3), so as to allow, in the event of a power failure, to heat the thermal chamber (AE5) instead of the electric plates (AE5- 3).

This torch (AE7) can increase the interior heat of the thermal chamber (AE5) enough to kill all kinds of germs (viruses, microbes, bacteria) present in the air that passes through the thermal chamber.

The large box of the thermal chamber (AE5-1) includes on its upper side an exhaust duct (AE5-7) for exhaled and sterilized air. It includes on its underside a second duct (AE5-8) allowing the passage of exhaled air, the heat released by the torch (AE7), as well as the weak smoke released by the torch (AE7) if necessary .

This system makes it possible to release the air exhaled once sterilized into the ambient air, as well as the weak smoke, via the grid (A11) located on the upper face (A2) of the box (A), while guaranteeing a space ( AS2-1) minimum between the thermal chamber (AE5) and the box (A), in order to avoid any risk of the user coming into contact with the thermal chamber (AE5) accidentally.

The torch flame (AE7) is located inside the duct (AE5-8) located on the underside of the large housing (AE5-1).

On the side face of this duct (AE5-8) is a spark plug (AE8) similar to a spark plug in a motor vehicle. This spark plug (AE8) is used to create the spark necessary to ignite the flame of the torch (AE7) when the thermal chamber is running on gas.

On the side face of this duct (AE5-8) there is also a type C thermocouple (AE9) controlled by the control panel (A14) located in the chamber (AC5) of the invention. This is a thermocouple allowing the control system to - Maintain and manage the supply to the spark plug (AE8) until ignition; - Shut off the gas in the event of ignition failure or in the event of a fault.

The lower part of the duct (AE5-8) is fixed in the center of a disc (AE5-9). This duct (AE5-8) crosses the disc (AE5-9) by a few millimetres. This disc (AE5-9) separates the upper space (AS2) comprising the thermal chamber (AE5), from the lower space (AS3) containing the exhaled air. The disc (AE5-9) includes on its outer perimeter a seal (AE5-10) to separate the spaces located above (AS2) and below (AS3) of this disc (AE5-9).

This seal (AE5-10) stabilizes the disc (AE5-9) and allows the insulation and separation between the upper space (AS2) comprising the thermal chamber (AE5), from the lower space (AS3) comprising the torch (AE7).

In the part located under the disc (AE5-9), there is a space (AS3) which allows the recovery of the exhaled air within the chamber (AC9).

This space (AS3) comprises a torch system (AE7) located on the lower part of this space (AS3), and fixed to the base of this space. This system comprises a gas supply pipe (AE7-2) and a system for diffusing this gas inside a flexible pipe (AE7-1) which goes up to the underside of the disc (AE5- 9).

This duct (AE7-1) includes perforations (AE7-3) at its base, allowing air to enter this duct (AE7-1) which will be mixed with the gas.

This duct (AE7-1) stops a few millimeters before the duct (AE5-8) which crosses the disc (AE5-9) thus allowing the passage of exhaled air towards the inside of the large case (AE5-1 ) of the thermal chamber (AE5), without this air entering inside the small box (AE5-2), so that this air is heated, thus allowing its sterilization.

The duct (AE7-1) of the torch carries the gas mixed with air, to the duct (AE5-8) of the thermal chamber (AE5), to the spark plug (AE8). The air also allows the supply of oxygen necessary to maintain the flame of the torch.

A duct (horizontal) (AE6) connected to the duct (AE5-11) is located at the outlet of the thermal chamber (AE5) and allows the passage of sterilized air into a space (AS4) for receiving sterilized air at the within the chamber (AC3), called the purification and refining chamber.

This space (AS4) for receiving filtered and sterilized air is between a funnel (AE10) and a suspended inverted funnel (AE11). The lower base of this space (AS4) includes a disc (AE12) covered with a grease filter (AE13) allowing the capture of ashes and all particles, microbes, bacteria, etc., burned in the thermal chamber (AE5). This disc (AE12) has in its center a cylinder (AE12-1) in which is inserted the prominence (AE10-2) located at the level of the lower tip of the funnel (AE10). This prominence (AE10-2) of the funnel (AE10) therefore crosses the inverted funnel (AE11) and the cylinder (AE12-1).

This filter (AE13) can, according to different embodiments, have a flat shape, or a bulkier shape in order to increase its contact surface with the air circulating nearby, such as for example the filter shown in the drawing ( ) in the shape of a turbine, but it could also have a spiral shape, or other shapes.

At this space (AS4) within chamber AC3, there is an opening (AO6) on the left side face of box A, directly connected to the valve (A18) on the left side (A4) of box A necessary to the air flow to the device D.

The filter (AE13) can be changed. It is necessary to remove the lid (AE18), the funnel (AE10) and the inverted funnel (AE11), in order to access the filter (AE13) and change it.

A space (AS4-1) is provided between the filter (AE13) and the suspended inverted funnel (AE11), thus allowing the circulation of filtered, sterilized and now purified air, towards the upper part of this suspended inverted funnel ( AE11).

The filtered, sterilized and now purified air circulates to the top of the inverted funnel (AE11) and enters the interior of the cylinder (AE12-1) by crossing the perforations (AE12-3) located on the upper part of the cylinder (AE12-1).

The air enters within the cylinder (AE12-1) up to a duct (AE15).

This conduit (AE15) is fixed within the cylinder (AE12-1) using seals (AE15-1). This duct (AE15) ends in a water tank (AS5-1) located in the lower part of the chamber AC3 of the invention. The lower part of this duct (AE15) is perforated to allow the release of filtered, sterilized and purified air into the water in this tank (AS5-1).

The perforations (AE15-2) located on the lower part of this duct (AE15) have specific diameters. The diameter of the perforations increases from the top to the bottom of the tube (AE15).

The passage of filtered, sterilized and purified air in water allows its refining, its balancing in terms of its humidity level, as well as the reduction of its temperature.

The filtered, sterilized, purified and now refined air with a balanced humidity level arrives in a space (AS6) located above the water in the tank.

The air will then pass through a duct (AE16) surrounding the duct (AE15) in order to allow the filtered, sterilized, purified and refined air to arrive in a new space (AS6) after having crossed the or the ports (AE14-4) located on the cylinder (AE14-1).

This duct (AE16) is fixed inside a cylinder (AE14-1) integrated into the disc (AE14) separating the water tank (AS5-1) from the space (AS6) containing the filtered air , sterilized, purified and refined.

The disc (AE14) comprises in its center a cylinder which is divided into two parts of different diameters, a first part of large diameter (AE14-1) on which is located the orifice (AE14-4), then a second part of a lower diameter (AE14-3), which is attached to the base of the cylinder (AE12-1).

This cylinder (AE14-1) includes one or more holes (AE14-4) allowing the diffusion of filtered, sterilized, purified and refined air within the space (AS6).

This pipe (AE16) is positioned in such a way as to prevent the water located in the tank (AS5-1), from leaving this space (AS5).

The space (AS6) for receiving filtered, sterilized, purified and refined air includes a duct (AO9) allowing the filtered, sterilized, purified and refined air to circulate towards the chamber (AC8). The filtered, sterilized, purified and refined air will then cross a corridor (AO8) located at the bottom of this chamber (AC8), and crossing the box A from its right side face (A3), towards the chamber AC6) located on its left side face (A4), comprising a fan (AE19), allowing the circulation of air towards the duct (AO1) then towards the outlet connection (A8) allowing the diffusion of filtered, sterilized, purified and refined air towards the user via a tube (B1) connected to the diffuser (nasal diffuser).

This conduit (AO1) has two other outputs (AO4) and (AO5) on the left side face of the chassis (AL).

The upper part of the AC3 chamber is closed by a funnel (AE10) which is closed and sealed by a cover (AE18) and a seal (AE18-1). This funnel (AE10) is connected to the inverted funnel (AE11) by a prominence (AE10-2) which crosses the funnel (AE11). This funnel (AE10) allows the supply of the water tank (AS5-1) when needed. The added water circulates from the funnel (AE10), to the water tank (AS5-1), via the duct (AE15) allowing the circulation of filtered, sterilized and purified air. The funnel (AE10) includes a flat handle (AE10-1) allowing it to be removed when changing the grease filter (AE13).

The cover (AE18) of the funnel (AE10), once closed, is at the same height as the upper face (A2) of the invention. This lid (AE18) has a concave shape, and includes a handle (AE18-2) in the middle allowing easy removal of the lid (AE18) when needed. The tightness of this cover is ensured by a circular seal (AE18-1) placed in contact with the walls of the invention.

Within the tank (AS5-1) is placed a device to control the water level. This device consists of a fixed bar (AE17), around which is installed a floating cylinder (AE17-1) to control the water level of the tank (AS5-1). The assembly is connected to the control panel (A14).

The three spaces (AS4), (AS6), and (AS5-1) comprising respectively for the first (AS4) the filtered and sterilized air, for the second (AS6) the filtered, sterilized, purified and refined air, as well that the third space (AS5) comprising the water tank (AS5-1), are perfectly sealed with respect to each other, by the existence of gaskets (AE14-2) and (AE12-2) for sealing between each space.

The first space (AS4) is separated from the second by the disc (AE12). The second space (AS6) is separated from the third space (AS5) by the disc (AE14).

These discs are fixed by the seals (AE14-2) and (AE12-2).

The invention comprises a fourth chamber AC4 in which the gas cylinder (AE20) is installed as well as the connection (AE20-1) necessary for supplying gas to the torch (AE7) if necessary.

This AC4 chamber is closed by a lid (AE21) located on the upper face (A2) of the invention. The lid (AE21) of the AC4 chamber, once closed, is at the same height as the upper face (A2) of the invention. This lid (AE21) has a concave shape, and includes a handle (AE21-2) in the middle allowing easy removal of the lid (AE21) when needed. The sealing of this cover (AE21) is ensured by a circular seal (AE21-1) arranged in contact with the walls of the invention.

The invention comprises a fifth chamber AC5 within which is installed a box (AE22) which contains all the electrical systems for controlling and operating all the devices of this invention. This box (AE22) is accessible via the right side face (A3) of the invention, after removal of the right side plate (A3-1) of the invention.

In another embodiment, the invention comprises additional systems of ultraviolet lamps which can be fixed for example under the disk (AE5-9) and disk (AE12) and on the walls of the space (AS4). These Ultra-Violet lights allow the sterilization of the air present in these spaces, in the event of failure of the heating system, for example in the event of a lack of energy to supply the heating system.

This invention is compatible with other devices which can be connected to the invention via a system of electrical tubes and cables, an embodiment of which is described below for information purposes. This is an embodiment using these tubes, but the invention can work without.

It is a set of different tubes allowing the circulation of air and an electric cable allowing the supply of electricity to different devices (B4).

This set of tubes and cables can be made in a single piece or be made up of the assembly of different pieces made separately, via a sheath system, bonding, wires, etc.

The double cable (B4) is an electrical cable for plugging and connecting the invention to the nasal diffuser.

The connection (B4-1) is fixed on the connection (A10) of the invention and the connection (B4-2) is fixed on the connection (C13) of the nasal diffuser.

The connection heads on both sides of the cable (B4) must be secured by a blocking system to avoid any unexpected disconnection.

A tube (B3) of lower circumference than the cables (B1 and B2) and of greater length than the cables (B1 and B2), allows the supply of filtered and sterilized air exiting through the connection (A18) of the invention to a device glasses via the connection (D1).

The branch (B1-1) of the tube B1 is fixed to the branch (A18) of the invention and the branch (B3-2) of the tube B3 is fixed to the branch (D1) of the glasses device.

The tube (B1) of this set of tubes and cables, of a certain length, has a greater circumference than the tube (B3-1), and allows the circulation of filtered, sterilized, purified and refined air, with a rate of natural humidity, and a pleasant temperature, from the connection (A8) to the nasal diffuser.

The connection (B1-1) of the tube (B1) of the set of tubes and cables is fixed on the connection (A8) of the invention located on the front face of the invention (A1).

The other connection (B1-2) of the tube (B1) of the set of tubes and cables, is fixed by its connection to the connection (C1) of the nasal diffuser.

The tube (B2) of the set of tubes and cables identical in circumference and in length to the tube B1 of the set of tubes and cables, allows the circulation of exhaled air, from the connection (C2) of the nasal diffuser, towards the invention.

The branch (B2-2) of the tube (B2) is fixed to the branch (C2) of the nasal diffuser. The branch (B2-1) of the tube (B2) is fixed to the branch (A9) of the invention.

The invention is compatible in one embodiment with one or more nasal diffusers, which attaches to the nose of the user. This (these) diffuser(s) (nasal diffuser) is made of a waterproof material.

This is an embodiment of the invention using a nasal diffuser, it being understood that other embodiments of the invention exist without the use of such a diffuser (another type of diffuser, or operation without connection to any broadcaster).

The nasal diffuser is fixed on the nose of the user, either thanks to the air inlet and outlet tubes of the set of tubes and cables, which cross at the back of the user's skull, either by means of a system of rubber bands, or ropes attaching to the rings present on the rear face of the nasal diffuser, at the level of its 2 lateral ends. Other fixing systems can be developed.

The air coming from the invention (the device allowing the filtering, the sterilization, the purification and the refining and the balancing of the humidity and the temperature of the air) passes through the connection located at the entrance of this diffuser (nasal diffuser) and is diffused through an opening within the hermetic space located around the nostrils by passing a valve/non-return valve which operates thanks to a micromotor allowing this valve/non-return valve to be opened during inspiration and to close this flap/non-return valve when the user exhales.

At the time of expiration, the exhaled air will be diffused into the airtight space located around the nostrils involving the closure of the inlet flapper/check valve and involving the opening of the outlet flapper/check valve which is on the other side of the hermetic space, towards the connection which allows the exit of the exhaled air of the user. The air leaving the hermetic space is diffused towards an opening before passing an exit non-return valve/valve in order to allow the circulation of the exhaled air towards the invention (the device allowing the filtering, the sterilization, purification and refining and balancing the humidity of the air) to be sterilized before being released into the wild.

A socket is located on the front face of the diffuser (nasal diffuser), at the level of the inlet flap/valve allowing to connect the connection of the electrical cable of the set of tubes and cables (consisting of a set of tubes and the electric cable with multiple connections) in order to supply the micromotors which open and close the flap/valve of the diffuser (nasal diffuser) with each inspiration and expiration of the user, and thus allow the operation of the opening and closing system of the floppy disk with an internal filter, placed under the nose.

The nasal diffuser allows the diffusion of filtered, sterilized, purified and refined air with natural humidity, and a pleasant temperature which circulates from the invention to the nasal diffuser, via the tube (B1), connected to the connection C1 of the nasal diffuser by its connection (B1-2) which is inserted inside connection C1.

The air coming from the invention crosses the connection (C1) passing through the non-return valve (C11). This air will then be diffused within the space (C8) then will circulate in the hermetic space located around the nostrils (C10) in order to be inspired by the user.

At the time of expiration, the exhaled air will be diffused into the space (C10) involving the closing of the non-return valve (C11) and will allow the opening of the non-return valve (C12) which is located between space (C9) and branch (C2).

The connection socket (C13) which is located on the nasal diffuser, at the level of the valve (C11) and allows the connection (B4) to be connected.

This connection (C13) is designed to supply two micromotors. A micromotor (C14) is located in the space between the space (C8) and the non-return valve (C11). The other micromotor (C15) is located in the space between the space (C9) and the non-return valve (C12) making it possible to open the non-return valve (C11) and close the non-return valve ( C12) during inspiration, and close the non-return valve (C11) and open the non-return valve (C12) when the user exhales.

This system includes a device for comfortable goggles which also makes it possible to diffuse filtered, sterilized and dry air, at a pleasant temperature, and free of any dust or particles in suspension in the ambient air, in the space in contact with the eyes, while preventing the lenses of these goggles from fogging up.

The invention can be connected to a system of comfortable glasses (for protection, sight, sun) anti-fog, which makes it possible to diffuse filtered, sterilized, and dry air, at a pleasant temperature, and free of any dust or particle in suspension in the ambient air, in the space in contact with the eyes, while preventing the formation of fogging both inside and outside the glasses thanks to the diffusion of air on the surface external glasses. This aeration and ventilation is permitted by a tube (B3) connected to the invention, with the aim of protecting the eyes and avoiding any contact with the outside air which could be polluted/contaminated, and avoiding any fogging and any contact with parasites and/or dust and/or other particles existing in the air.

The embodiment of the invention described below describes the invention when connected to a goggle system, but the invention can operate without this goggle device.

The filtered and sterilized air with a pleasant temperature leaves through the tap (A18) and circulates in the tube (B3) passing through the connection (B3-1). The air circulates in the tube (B3) towards the device D, and arrives in the tube (B3) by the branch (B3-2) connected to the branch (D1).

The air then circulates in the tube (D3) then in the tube (D4) passing the junction (D7) via the connections (D7-1) and (D7-2).

The connection (D1) is located at the level of the hinge (D8).

The tube (D3) continues to the middle of the two spectacle lenses and connects to the outlet (D7-1) of the horizontal H-shaped junction (D7) with 4 air inlets/outlets.

The tube (D4) is connected to the exit (D7-2) of the junction (D7) and continues to the hinge (D9) while closing a few millimeters before the hinge at the level of the closure (D2).

The tube (D3) has several holes (D3-1) arranged every millimeter, up to the exit (D7-1) of the junction (D7).

The tube (D4) has several holes (D4-1) arranged every millimeter, from the outlet (D7-2) of the junction (D7) to the limit of the hinge (D9).

These holes (D3-1 and D4-1) allow air to be blown directly onto the internal surface of the lenses (D13 and D14) of the glasses and not towards the eyes.

These holes have a diameter allowing the circulation and diffusion of air on the lenses from one end to the other end. The diameter of these holes must not be too large, and all the air circulating in its tubes must come out too quickly before reaching the end of each tube. It is indeed necessary to ensure an equivalent diffusion of the air from one end to the other.

Located a few millimeters from the closure (D2) is a cylindrical outlet (D10) a few millimeters in length and diameter, comprising a filter preventing any entry into the interior of the glasses, but allowing the air inside glasses to come out as you go.

The part (D7-5) of the junction (D7) allows the air coming from the tubes (D3) and (D4) to circulate towards the tubes (D5) and (D6) located outside the goggles, passing by the connections (D7-3 and D7-4).

The air enters the tube (D5) through the outlet (D7-3) and continues to the closure (D5-2) which is at the limit of the hinge (D8).

The air enters the tube (D6) through the outlet (D7-4) and continues to the closure (D6-2) which is at the limit of the hinge (D9).

The tube (D5) has several orifices (D5-1) arranged every millimeter, from the outlet (D7-3) to the closure (D5-2).

The tube (D6) has several orifices (D6-1) arranged every millimeter, from the outlet (D7-4) to the closure (D6-2).

These holes (D5-1 and D6-1) allow air to be blown directly onto the external surface of the glasses (D13 and D14).

The tubes (D3 and D4) are installed inside the goggles at the upper edge of the goggle lenses.

The tubes (D5 and D6) are installed on the outside of the glasses at the level of the upper edge of the lenses of the glasses.

A space is provided in the middle of the glasses in order to allow the installation of the junction (D7) at the level of its central part (D7-5).

These tubes are located on the upper edge of the glasses, but could also, in another embodiment of the invention, be fixed on the lower edge of the glasses, or even around the lenses.

These tubes allowing the circulation of air, can also be integrated directly into the structure of the glasses, in the form of a "pipe".

These tubes located on the outside, each connect to the H-shaped junction located in the center of the glasses, and end a few millimeters before the hinges located on each side. These ends are closed/plugged and do not let air out.

This eyewear device is completely airtight. The rear faces of these glasses being in contact with the skin of the user during their use, are covered by a rather thick fabric in order to ensure comfort during their use as well as the tightness of these glasses compared to the 'ambiant air. This fabric is interchangeable.

Another non-hermetic embodiment of these glasses can be envisaged, or even a system allowing the tubes of this device to be fixed on an existing pair of glasses, in order to prevent the formation of fogging thanks to the air diffused both at the inside and outside of the lenses of the glasses.

Spaces are located on each side of the glasses, for example at the level of the branches, in order to allow the possible addition of electric batteries allowing the supply of electricity to the various electrical systems integrated into the glasses.

Claims (11)

Apparatus for treating ambient air integrating several devices, characterized in that it comprises a ventilation system (AE3) allowing ambient air to be sucked in by passing it through one or more filters (AE1) capturing microbes, bacteria , viruses, particles and/or germs in suspension in the air, in order to allow its filtration. Apparatus for treating ambient air according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a thermal chamber system (AE5) making it possible to heat the air sucked in and filtered, in order to allow its sterilization. Apparatus for treating ambient air according to Claim 2, characterized in that it comprises a grease filter system (AE13) coming into contact with the air drawn in, filtered and sterilized, allowing the elimination of ashes and all particles, microbes, bacteria, etc., burned during the passage of air within the thermal chamber, in order to allow its purification. This fat filter (AE13) can be of different shapes in order to increase its volume and its contact surface with the air circulating in the space of the fat filter. Apparatus for treating ambient air according to Claim 3, characterized in that it comprises an air refining system, consisting of a perforated duct (AE15) immersed within a water tank (AS5 -1) in order to allow the refining of the air diffused within this tank, by allowing the capture by the water molecules of any molecule still present in the air, but also the balancing of its humidity level and its temperature. Apparatus for treating ambient air according to Claim 4, characterized in that it makes it possible to diffuse the air that is sucked in, filtered, sterilized, purified, refined and balanced towards one or more nasal diffuser(s) (Fig. 35) respiratory (s) connected (s) to one or more user (s) through tubes (B) connected to the ambient air treatment unit. Apparatus for treating ambient air salt according to claim 4, characterized in that it makes it possible to diffuse the air that is sucked in, filtered, sterilized, purified, refined and balanced towards an apparatus allowing the diffusion of the air in the ambiant air. Apparatus for treating ambient air according to Claim 4, characterized in that it makes it possible to diffuse the air drawn in, filtered, sterilized, dry at a pleasant temperature, towards a system of glasses (Fig 41) connected to one or several users through tubes (B) connected to the ambient air treatment unit. Apparatus for treating ambient air according to Claim 5, characterized in that it makes it possible to recover the air exhaled by one or more users using the nasal diffuser mentioned in Claim 5, by a system of tubes (B) connected to the nasal diffuser (Fig 35) and to the air treatment device, in order to allow the passage of exhaled air in contact with the thermal chamber (AE5) in order to heat it to a temperature allowing the sterilization of the air before its release into the ambient air. Apparatus for treating ambient air according to Claim 6, characterized in that it contains a ventilation system (AE19) making it possible to suck in the ambient air containing the air exhaled by one or more users according to Claim 6, in order to allow the passage of the air containing the exhaled air in contact with the thermal chamber (AE5) in order to heat it to a temperature allowing the sterilization of the air before its release into the ambient air. Apparatus for treating ambient air according to Claim 2, characterized in that it contains a system of Ultra-Violet (UV) lamps making it possible to sterilize the air inspired and expired, instead of the heating system in the event of lack of energy allowing it to function optimally. Apparatus for treating ambient air according to one of Claims 2 to 10, characterized in that the thermal chamber (AE5) constitutes a box making it possible to heat the air passing inside, and consisting either of a system of corridors (AE5-4) forming a labyrinth, i.e. a system of solid microbeads (AE5-5) pierced with an orifice, and whose final appearance may resemble micro-rings, or the combination of the labyrinth and microbeads. These systems of labyrinth and perforated microbeads are intended to slow down the passage of air in the heating system, and thus allow optimal heating of the air. In one embodiment including the perforated microbeads, the inlet (AE5-10) and outlet (AE5-11) ducts of the heating system must be closed by a veil/mesh of non-oxidizable metal fibers, resistant to the heat of the thermal chamber and whose mesh of metal wires is fine enough to prevent the balls from leaving the heating system, without preventing the air from entering and leaving. All of these elements are made of or covered with non-oxidizable materials, which can withstand the heat given off by the thermal chamber, and which have a high thermal conductivity.