CN111053984A

CN111053984A - Device for blocking transmission of diseases such as new coronavirus through droplet

Info

Publication number: CN111053984A
Application number: CN202010101478.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李建和
Original assignee: Shandong Daiyou Pharmaceutical Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shandong Daiyou Pharmaceutical Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-02-19
Filing date: 2020-02-19
Publication date: 2020-04-24

Abstract

The invention provides a device for blocking the transmission of droplets such as the infection of new coronavirus diseases, which comprises a chemical sterilization unit, a physical sterilization sterilizer, an air filter, a head cover and other auxiliary units, wherein different combinations of the units of the device can realize two working states: a positive pressure working state and a negative pressure working state; the hood is filled with sterilized and disinfected air in a positive pressure working state, and the pressure is higher than the environmental pressure, so that the hood is suitable for healthy people working in the environment with the possibility of infection; when the negative pressure working state is in the negative pressure working state, the internal pressure of the hood is lower than the environmental pressure, and the air exhaled by the user is discharged into the environment after sterilization and disinfection, so that the hood is suitable for suspected infected patients or confirmed infected patients. The invention relates to a device for reducing the concentration of bacteria and viruses in a local environment by direct sterilization and disinfection, which removes the bacteria and viruses from the source, kills the bacteria and viruses before diffusion, protects healthy people who have to work in the environment and promotes the recovery process of patients.

Description

Device for blocking transmission of diseases such as new coronavirus through droplet

Technical Field

The invention relates to an air sterilization and disinfection device for blocking or reducing cross infection of infectious diseases, in particular to a device which is suitable for blocking or reducing the infection of diseases transmitted by patient droplets, such as new coronavirus Covid-19 diseases.

Background

In the epidemic situation of viral influenza, SARS and the current new coronavirus pneumonitis, the generally accepted mechanism of epidemic transmission is mainly the transmission of the virus by the patient's coughing, sneezing and oral spray in the speech-exhalation has the same meaning in the following text. The main channel of infection of new patients is achieved by means of the channels of inhalation entering respiratory tract system, contact of hands touching virus interface and eye mask, nasal and oral cavity membrane, direct contact of healthy people and patients and the like. The large particles in the spray from the patient can fall to the ground generally quickly, while the fine spray containing 50-200 nm virus forms aerosol, which is easy to be inhaled into the respiratory system by other people or infected by touching the mucosa along with the air drift. The terms: atomized or aerosol refers to a stable dispersion system formed by suspending and dispersing 0.002 μm to 100 μm particles in air. Most viruses belong to nanoparticles that are highly susceptible to aerosol formation and remain in a state of drift with flow in the air, infectious until they lose activity. Because of these properties, the rapid spread of most viral infections is through the air. How to block such infections has not been a good problem. Whether the infection is carried out through respiratory tract or body mucosa touch, the source of active virus is mainly the eruption brought by cough, sneeze or speech of patients so far, and although the scientific report shows that the virus protein in the human excrement is detected positively, the report that people are infected through the transmission channel of the virus does not exist at present: for example, the reports that flies become the medium for reporting infectors have not been reported in science.

In epidemic disease epidemics, protection of healthy workers in contact with patients with infection possibility is a simple mask, and for example, detection personnel for suspicious patients in traffic departments, supervision and management personnel for suspicious infected patients such as police and other general law enforcement personnel, patient reception personnel in hospitals, service personnel in which government offices and the public are in direct contact, and the like all use masks to attempt to block the infection of such diseases. Their protective measures are insufficient, especially against epidemic situations during the virus circulation, and even for medical personnel using the N95/N99 mask, such protection is insufficient to achieve the effect of blocking infection. The reason is that even the N99 mask has the effect of self-filtering virus of not 100 percent, and the performance of the mask is reduced along with the prolonging of the using time, and medical staff are in a polluted environment for a long time, and after the concentration of the virus accumulated in the body exceeds the concentration of the virus which can be killed by the self-ability of the human body, the infection and the attack of the disease are inevitable.

In the case of suspicious persons who are self-observed at home or patients with mild or moderate symptoms who are self-isolated at home due to crowded medical resources, the family members are at risk of infection because only a simple mask can be worn without a good sterilization device which can be used; in fact, many of these cases have already infected family members when self-diagnosis is confirmed, and burden on medical resources is increased. How to block such infections does not provide any better measures than fenestration ventilation.

Even professional workers with the protection of medical care-level high-grade protective clothing can be infected by a large number of people due to the accumulation effect of long-time contact and high virus concentration in the working environment in the long-time working process.

In addition, in the environment where contagious patients exist, the central air conditioner is useless and harmful except for the one-way flow air conditioner designed according to the high-grade clean room. The aerosol containing virus particles in the spray discharged by the patient flows along with the air of the air conditioner, and the centralized air conditioner can be a channel for large-scale spread of the virus in local areas.

In the process of preventing, controlling and treating the infectious diseases, under the condition that no specific medicine or vaccine exists up to now, all the treatments are applied according to the symptoms, various measures are taken to prolong the survival time of the patient, more chances are provided for the immune system of the patient to kill viruses, and side effects are reduced. For diseases transmitted through respiratory tract and mucous membrane, the eruption containing virus from cough, sneeze and speech is the active reaction of human body to actively resist virus, and is an effective method for reducing virus concentration in vivo, if the human body can not be disinfected in time, the eruption and/or fine aerosol is floated in the air, not only the physical solid interface in the environment is polluted before the virus is inactivated, but also health personnel working in the environment, such as medical care personnel or relatives, are infected, and simultaneously the patient inhales the air, the virus concentration in the body is undoubtedly increased, so that the disease condition which can be relieved originally can not be recovered because of the self-infection, and as a result, the recovery time of the patient is slowed down, and even the disease condition of the patient which can be recovered is aggravated due to repeated infection in the environment. The patient is required to wear the mask, so that the pollution of the patient on the ambient air by the foam is reduced, and the virus concentration in the ambient air is reduced, but the use of the mask undoubtedly reduces the capability of the patient of expelling the foam through coughing, sneezing and speech discharge and then expelling toxin. Only from the source, the virus in the spray discharged by the patient is killed, the quality of the ambient air is improved, the healthy personnel working in the environment, such as medical care personnel and family members, can be protected, the chances of infection of the healthy personnel are blocked or reduced, the toxin expelling capability of the patient through cough and sneeze, namely speech, can be fully utilized, the recovery of the patient is accelerated, and the utilization rate of medical resources is improved. Such products are in urgent need in the market today.

Similar situations are not rare, and all measures are passive countermeasures: reducing contact with airborne viruses and confirming patient contact. Currently, there is no device that blocks or reduces the spread of viruses, i.e., the transmission of diseases, in the above-mentioned situations by direct active sterilization and disinfection.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a device for blocking or reducing the transmission of diseases transmitted by the droplets of a patient, such as the new coronavirus Covid-19, by direct active sterilisation and disinfection to block or reduce the transmission in said situations. The invention provides a device for reducing the concentration of bacteria and viruses in local environment by direct sterilization and disinfection to overcome the defects, thereby removing viruses from the source, killing the viruses before diffusion and transmission, realizing local sterilization and disinfection of air, protecting healthy personnel who have to work in the environment and promoting the recovery process of patients.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a device for blocking the transmission of droplets, such as the infection of new coronavirus diseases, comprises a chemical sterilization and disinfection unit, a physical sterilization and disinfection device, an air filter, a hood and other auxiliary units, wherein the chemical sterilization and disinfection unit, the physical sterilization and disinfection device: a positive pressure working state and a negative pressure working state,

the head cover is filled with sterilized air in a positive pressure working state, and the pressure is higher than the environmental pressure, so that the head cover is particularly suitable for healthy people working in the environment with the possibility of infection, the quality of air inhaled by the healthy people is ensured, and the infection path through breathing is blocked;

the inside of the head cover is lower than the ambient pressure in the negative pressure working state, the air exhaled by a user is discharged into the environment after being sterilized and disinfected, and the air respirator is particularly suitable for suspected infected patients or patients with confirmed infection, so that the concentration of bacteria or/and viruses in the air is reduced, the quality of air inhaled by the users and surrounding personnel is improved, the phenomenon that the patients inhale the air polluted by virus-containing droplets exhausted by the patients and the patient can be infected again is reduced, the recovery speed of the patients is improved, and the hospitalization time is shortened.

When the device is in a negative pressure working state, the device comprises a hood, an air filter, a physical sterilization disinfector, a chemical sterilization disinfection unit consisting of a gas-liquid mixer, a gas-liquid separator, a liquid pump, a sterilization disinfectant, a liquid collector and the like, and a plurality of pipelines for connecting the components, wherein the gas-liquid separator is filled with the sterilization disinfectant, the hood, the air filter and the physical sterilization disinfector are communicated in sequence through the pipelines, and the physical sterilization disinfector is communicated with the gas-liquid mixer through the pipelines;

the liquid collector is communicated with the gas-liquid separator, the liquid pump and the gas-liquid mixer are sequentially connected through pipelines to form a closed loop, a gas outlet is formed above the liquid collector, and a gas inlet is formed below the hood.

The gas outlet above the liquid collector can be connected with a gas booster, an air filter or a physical sterilization sterilizer through a pipeline so as to achieve the set clean level.

The head cap comprises a head cap body, a one-way valve, an elastic hole body and an outlet, wherein the head cap body is made of transparent materials such as transparent plastics; the elastic hole body is made of elastic materials, forms an airtight structure with the main body, forms an airtight structure with the neck of a user, the one-way valve and the proper position of the main body or the elastic hole body can be arranged in, and in a negative pressure operation system, the installation direction of the one-way valve plays a role in enabling ambient air to enter the hood in a one-way mode and preventing the user from exhaling to directly enter the environment. By adjusting the mounting orientation of the one-way valve, the same hood can control the flow of air from within the hood to the ambient air for positive pressure operation of the system to prevent infection by healthy users inhaling the ambient air.

Preferably, the inside of the head cover can be provided with a plurality of supporting structures according to the requirement, the inner support of the cover is combined with the inner wall of the main body and is contacted with the head of a user, and the elastic hole body is closely contacted with the neck, so that the head cover is stabilized.

Preferably, the material of the hood main body is transparent plastic and can be injection molded, and the material of the elastic hole body is rubber latex, plastic film and the like and can be directly processed and molded through a mold.

Preferably, the hood is provided with a U-tube like structure to indicate the pressure inside the hood.

Preferably, the air filter is of a bag, frame or wafer construction, preferably the filter has a filtration efficiency of up to 99.9% for filtering 0.3 μm particles, more preferably a filtration efficiency of 99.5% or more for filtering 0.2 μm particles.

Or primary coarse filtration and medium/high two-stage or even medium/high-grade air filters are used in series in three stages. The filter is made of filter cloth, filter paper, glass fiber, HEPA or ULPA.

Preferably, the physical sterilization sterilizer comprises an air inlet hood, an ultraviolet lamp holder, an ultraviolet lamp and a sterilization chamber, wherein the air inlet hood comprises an upper air inlet, a shell and an inner cavity, and the inner cavity is used for shunting and accommodating a connecting lead of the ultraviolet lamp; the ultraviolet lamp holder consists of an ultraviolet lamp interface and a diversion hole, and the ultraviolet lamp holder are connected through screws or bonded through an adhesive; the disinfection chamber consists of a shell, an inner cavity, a reflective aluminum foil on the inner wall of the disinfection chamber and a gas outlet.

Preferably, the sterilizer employs ultraviolet lamps of suitable power as UVA, UVB ozone or ozone generating UVC, UVD ultraviolet sterilizing lamps, more preferably UVC ultraviolet lamps.

The gas-liquid mixer preferably adopts a Venturi tube type.

Preferably, the sterilizing and disinfecting liquid is a solution with a bacteria disinfecting effect, chemical substances which kill viruses or change the pH value of the solution to be higher than 9 or lower than 5 to inactivate the viruses through oxidation or a mixture of the chemical substances and water or a proper solvent of gas.

Preferably, a mixture of various salts such as sodium chloride and potassium chloride with water can be used as the sterilizing disinfectant.

Preferably, the usual chemical agents: the virus particles can be directly killed or inactivated by using aqueous solutions with proper concentrations prepared from sodium hypochlorite/potassium, potassium permanganate, sodium hydroxide/potassium, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, acetic acid, propionic acid, hydrochloric acid sulfuric acid, nitric acid and the like, and the virus particles can be in the form of liquid drops after contacting with the liquid or form larger liquid drops after being wrapped by the liquid drops after being fully mixed with the gas and the liquid, so that the virus particles are convenient to collect by a liquid collector, and further the sterilization and disinfection efficiency is improved.

To enhance contact between the gas and liquid, suitable surfactants such as anionic, cationic, amphoteric and nonionic surfactants, preferably nonionic and amphoteric surfactants, more preferably nonionic surfactants such as fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers and/or long chain alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers, and the like, may be added to the disinfecting solution. Different chemical substances can be selected in different environments, and for most application occasions, the water solution of sodium hypochlorite, acetic acid, sodium hydroxide and/or sodium bicarbonate/sodium carbonate can meet the requirement. When a sodium hydroxide solution is used, the solution can absorb carbon dioxide exhaled by a user in addition to the sterilization and disinfection effects. The pH of the acid-base solution is preferably less than 5 or greater than 9, more preferably not greater than 3 or not less than 11. The using temperature of the preferred sterilizing and disinfecting liquid is room temperature, and if the sterilizing and disinfecting liquid is used in an environment with particularly serious pollution, the using temperature can be higher than the room temperature so as to achieve better sterilizing and disinfecting effects.

If the gas-liquid mixer is of a Venturi type, Venturi jet pumps made of various specifications and types and various materials can be selected on the market to meet the requirements of the used solution on the materials and the requirements of the whole device on the mixing effect of the mixer and the gas suction speed;

the liquid pump adopts a pipeline pump, a magnetic pump, a diaphragm pump or a centrifugal pump and the like. The preferred is a magnetic pump or a pipeline pump, the pump head and the flow rate of the pump need to be matched with the requirements of a gas-liquid mixer, and the materials need to be matched with the selected disinfectant; the gas-liquid separator and the liquid collector belong to common chemical equipment and can be directly selected from the market, and if the liquid collector can adopt a filler tower type, the liquid collector can further strengthen gas-liquid contact to further remove the missed residual viruses possibly existing in the gas while collecting the liquid.

When the negative pressure operation is carried out, a pipeline type gas booster, such as a pipeline type exhaust fan, can be added at a proper position of the pipeline if necessary. Also, a gas check valve may be added to the tubing at a suitable location to prevent backflow of accumulations on the air filter and physical sterilizer, if desired.

How to reduce the amount of airborne droplets in the ambient air becomes a key point for controlling viral infectious diseases. The negative pressure operation system solves the problem, and the patient uses the device to avoid the spread of virus from the source.

The inner surface of the head cover can be modified properly to improve the entrapment efficiency of the spray, and the selected modified materials can be liquid coating chemicals which can form various kinds of viscosity on the inner wall of the head cover, such as silicone oil, glycerin, various vegetable oils, various surfactants and the like.

The positive pressure operation system for sterilization and disinfection of workers in an environment with an infection source comprises an air filter, a physical sterilization and disinfection device, a chemical sterilization and disinfection unit consisting of a gas-liquid mixer, a gas-liquid separator, a liquid pump, a liquid collector, sterilization and disinfection liquid and the like, a gas supercharger, an air filter, a physical sterilizer, a hood and a plurality of pipelines for connecting the components, wherein the gas-liquid separator is filled with the sterilization and disinfection liquid, the air filter and the physical sterilization and disinfection device are communicated in sequence through the pipelines, and the physical sterilization and disinfection device is communicated with the gas-liquid mixer through the pipelines; a gas inlet is arranged below the air filter;

the liquid collector is communicated with the gas-liquid separator, the liquid pump and the gas-liquid mixer are sequentially connected through a pipeline to form a closed loop, the upper portion of the liquid collector is sequentially communicated with the gas supercharger, the physical sterilizer, the physical filter and the hood through pipelines, and a gas outlet is formed in the lower portion of the hood.

The air filter, the physical sterilization disinfector, the gas-liquid mixer, the gas-liquid separator, the liquid pump, the liquid collector and the sterilization disinfectant used in the positive pressure operation system are the same as or similar to those used in the negative pressure operation system, and detailed description is omitted.

The purpose of the gas booster is to pressurize the sub-atmospheric sterile gas to ensure that the pressure after passing through the physical sterilizer is sufficiently powered through the gas filter to ensure that the gas inhaled by the user into the hood reaches a predetermined level of decontamination, preferably a gas decontamination level not less than the 1000 level standard of the clean room general code, and more preferably a 100 level standard required by the code.

In the actual use of the positive pressure operation system, the ultraviolet lamp with the preferential proper power of the sterilization disinfector is an ozone-free UVA, UVB or low-ozone UVC ultraviolet disinfection lamp, and more preferably a low-power ozone-free/low-ozone UVC ultraviolet lamp, so as to avoid the harm of excessive ozone generated by the ultraviolet irradiation on air to users.

The negative pressure operating system and the positive pressure operating system are only for illustrative purposes, and various other variations do not depart from the spirit of the invention: the virus and bacteria discharged by the respiratory system of the patient are removed as much as possible, the environment where the patient is located is purified, the virus discharging efficiency of the patient is promoted, and the chances that staff such as medical care personnel and family members for caring the patient have to infect in the environment are reduced; the positive pressure operation system used by the health staff is added, and the air sucked from the environment is further sterilized and disinfected, so that the aim of isolating the infection of the patient to the staff is fulfilled.

Another kind of simple and easy malleation operating system includes that gas booster, physics disinfect sterilizer, air cleaner, hood and be used for connecting a plurality of pipelines of above-mentioned part, gas booster communicates physics sterilizer, air cleaner, hood that disinfects in proper order through the pipeline, and gas is got into by gas booster, discharges from hood one end.

By the design, the air inhaled by a user is sterilized and disinfected, the air after the sterilization and disinfection of the proper components can reach 1000 levels of the standard requirement of a clean room, even the requirement of 100 levels of cleanliness, and the user can work without worry about the infection caused by the fact that the concentration of the virus accumulated in the body exceeds the self-immunity and can bear the virus because the air containing the virus particles is inhaled for a long time.

The pressure in the hood is higher than the ambient air pressure, so the design and the function of the self-contained one-way valve of the hood, the ambient air containing high-concentration virus particles can not enter the hood and is inhaled by a user, and the infection passage of the user by a patient can be blocked.

The simple positive pressure operated system may be designed as an integrated device having a mass of less than 10Kg or more preferably less than 6Kg which may be moved with the user, for example a simple backpack device or on a small hand propelled wheeled cart. The power supply of the gas booster can be supplied by a storage battery, or the storage battery is supplied by combining with a longer power line, so that the device is convenient for a user to freely walk in the working environment and is beneficial to work.

The other structural form of the hood is a mask, the mask comprises a one-way valve, a mask main body and an elastic sealing element which can form airtight contact with the face of a user, the lower part of the mask main body is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and two straight edges are arranged on two sides of the back; the upper part of the sealing element is provided with a curved surface so as to be in airtight contact with the forehead part of a user, the lower part of the sealing element is provided with a smaller curved surface so as to form an airtight structure with the chin of the user, the right back of two edges of the sealing element is in airtight structure with the face of the user, the left front of the sealing element is provided with a groove, two straight edges of the mask main body can be directly inserted into the groove of the sealing element, and the upper edge and the lower edge of the mask main body can be directly inserted into the groove of the sealing element. The one-way valve is suitably positioned on the face mask to provide gas diversion, and the face mask can be used in either positive or negative pressure operation systems as described above by changing the mounting orientation of the one-way valve.

The mask main body is made of transparent material with certain elasticity, is combined with the elastic sealing piece, can be adjusted in shape within a certain range to be suitable for facial structures of different users, and does not change the air tightness of the whole assembly part and the air tightness between the whole assembly part and the face of the user.

Two check valves are shown in the present example, and only one or more check valves may be provided as needed.

The seal may be made of an air impermeable sponge or soft rubber.

In addition, the airtight structure of the entire assembly with the user's face allows a little gas leakage, as long as the airflow conditions inside the mask are not changed: namely, the gas flows from the inside to the outside of the face mask in the positive pressure state, and the gas enters the inside of the face mask from the environment in the negative pressure working state.

Although in the above text the preferred resilient aperture body of the hood forms an airtight structure with the neck area of the user, the hood may be eliminated for mild to moderate patients in a less contaminated environment. The user of the negative pressure operating system relies on the airflow through the interior of the hood to cause the exhaled, coughed air to flow into the air filter without directly entering the environment; a user of a positive pressure operated system causes infection by blocking ambient air from entering the interior of the hood by the positive pressure of the air flow and inhaling into the respiratory system. The hood without the elastic hole body of the positive pressure operation system is particularly suitable for occasions such as officials working in certain government administration halls, operators on fixed post production lines with harmful gas, registration departments of hospitals and the like, and can also be used for generating an environment with local sterilization and disinfection, so that medical staff can feel relieved in the small environment with meals, beverages and small living environment with much staff flow, such as an elevator. The negative pressure operation system can also be used in some small habitats such as pleasure boats, warships, aircraft carriers and the like with diseases infected by patient droplets, so as to avoid local disasters caused by rapid spread of the diseases.

The basic data of the design of the gas booster, the physical sterilization disinfector, the hood, the liquid pump, the gas-liquid mixer, the gas-liquid separator, the liquid collector, each pipeline and the like are as follows: the average inspiratory frequency of the adult is measured by 20 times/minute, the average tidal volume inhaled and exhaled by the adult every time is 500 milliliters, 10 liters of air is consumed every minute, 600 liters every hour, and 3 times or more of air consumption can be selected as design basic data for keeping the set negative pressure and positive pressure condition in the hood and the smooth breathing of a user, for example, the gas flow of the system is not less than 2000 liters/hour to select and design each component.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:

the whole set of technical scheme is used for collecting the droplets of the infected patients and further killing bacteria and viruses in the droplets so as to achieve the aim of purifying the ambient air of the patients; meanwhile, the invention provides a set of sterilization and disinfection device for workers in an environment with infectious characteristics. When used by patients and health workers in the environment, the device can achieve the purposes of purifying air, blocking the infection of the health workers by the patients, improving the virus discharge efficiency in the bodies of the patients, shortening the time for recovering health, improving the utilization efficiency of medical resources and the like.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:

FIG. 1 is a negative pressure operated air purification system for collecting and sterilizing patient exhalations;

fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the head cover, left: assembly drawing; and (3) right: an explosion diagram;

fig. 3 physical sterilizer, left: an assembly drawing; and (3) right: an explosion diagram;

FIG. 4 is a positive pressure operating system for providing sterile, sanitized air to a user;

FIG. 5 is a simplified positive pressure operating system for providing sterile, sanitized air to a user;

fig. 6 mask schematic, left: assembly drawing; and (3) right: explosion diagram.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

For a better understanding of the patent, it is described below by way of a preferred embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 shows a negative pressure operation system for collecting exhaled breath of a patient and sterilizing bacteria, which includes a head cover 100, an air filter 200, a physical sterilizer 300, a chemical sterilization unit composed of a gas-liquid mixer 400, a gas-liquid separator 500, a liquid pump 600, a liquid collector 700, a sterilization disinfectant, and the like, and various pipes 801 to 807 or more pipes or components provided as needed. When in use, the gas-liquid separator 500 is firstly added with a proper amount of sterilizing disinfectant, which is called disinfectant for short, the user switches on the liquid pump 600, the disinfectant enters the gas-liquid mixer 400 through the

pipelines

806 and 807 under the driving of the pump and is mixed with the gas entering the gas mixer through the pipeline 803, at the moment, the user wears the head cover, the lower part of the head cover is provided with an elastic hole which forms an airtight structure with the neck of the user or the clothes worn by the user, the air enters the head cover from the one-

way valves

120 and 120A (shown in figure 2) on the head cover, the user inhales the entering fresh air, the expired air can only flow out of the head cover through the pipeline 801 along with the gas flow to enter the physical filter 200, then enters the physical sterilizer 300 through the pipeline 802, then enters the gas mixer 400 through the pipeline 803, and enters the gas-liquid separator 500 through the pipeline 804 after being mixed with the disinfectant, the separated gas enters the liquid collector 700 to remove residual liquid drops in the gas-liquid separator and then enters And continuously recycling. The air exhaled by the patient passes through the physical filter 200, the physical sterilizer 300 and the gas-liquid mixer 400, is mixed with the disinfectant and then further contacts with the disinfectant in the liquid collector 700, so that the effects of purification can be achieved by three times of sterilization and disinfection, and compared with the situation that the patient directly exhales into the environment after entering the environment, the concentration of virus particles in the air is greatly reduced, and the health of the patient and the personnel who have to work in the environment is beneficial; even if very few individual viruses enter the environment with the gas passing through the conduit 805, they lose infectivity because of their rapid inactivation due to contact with the sterilizing disinfectant.

Although the apparatus is shown in fig. 1 without any equipment installed after the pipe 805, one skilled in the art can simply add more equipment such as a gas booster, air filter, and physical sterilizer to achieve the required level of cleanliness for the environment of use, if desired. In addition, the device can be conveniently transformed into equipment for sterilizing and disinfecting air in some niches: if the hood is changed into a proper air inlet hole and a proper air distributor is added after the pipeline 805, the negative pressure operation system can be used for an air sterilization and disinfection system in a niche such as an elevator and the like, so that the concentration of virus and bacteria in the centralized environment is reduced, the spreading chance is reduced, and the spreading of infectious diseases is reduced.

The hood 100 is constructed as shown in FIG. 2. The hood 100 is composed of a main body 110, a check valve 120, an elastic hole body 130, an outlet 111, etc. The hood body 110 is made of a transparent material such as transparent plastic; the elastic hole body 130 is made of an elastic material, and forms an airtight structure with the main body 110 and an airtight structure with the neck portion of the user. The one-

way valves

120 and 120A may be positioned in the body 110 or the resilient vent body 130 such that the one-way valve 120 is oriented to provide one-way access of ambient air into the hood and prevent direct exhalation from the user into the environment during a negative pressure operation. By adjusting the orientation of the one-way valve 120, the same hood can control the flow of air from within the hood to the ambient air for positive pressure operation of the system to avoid infection by healthy users inhaling the ambient air. Some bearing structure can be added as required in the hood, and this kind of in-hood supports and main part 110's inner wall and combines together, contacts with user's head, combines the in close contact with of elasticity hole body 130 and neck, plays the effect of stabilizing the hood, in addition through this kind of bearing structure's reasonable optimal design, can reach the air current water conservancy diversion effect that makes the user feel comfortable. The structure of the support inside the cover, although not shown, can be easily implemented by one of ordinary skill in the art with the design intent of the inventor, such as using a structure similar to the interior of a helmet. The material of the main body 110 is preferably transparent plastic and can be injection molded, and the material of the elastic hole body 130 is preferably rubber latex, elastic plastic and the like, and can be directly processed and molded by a mold. The hood may also incorporate U-tube like structures and/or wind-carrying ribbons in appropriate locations to indicate pressure and/or airflow direction within the hood. The elastic vent body 130 preferably has an airtight characteristic with the neck of the user, and a slight leakage of air is acceptable as long as the negative or positive pressure characteristic is not changed in the entire operation of the interior of the hood. Although two

check valves

120 and 120A are illustrated, one or more may be provided according to particular needs. The position of the one-way valve is not fixed, but can be adjusted according to the convenient and comfortable principle of a user, and the position of the one-way valve also plays a role in adjusting the gas flowing mode in the hood.

The air filter 200 may be of the bag type, frame type or wafer type, preferably the filter has a filtration efficiency of up to 99.9% for filtering 0.3 μm particles, more preferably the filter has a filtration efficiency of up to 99.5% or more for filtering 0.2 μm particles. In actual operation, if a single filter does not meet the requirement or can meet the requirement but is higher in cost performance, for example, the single filter can be used for a long time or can meet the requirement, primary coarse filtration and medium/high two-stage or even medium and high-grade air filters can be used in series in three stages. The purpose of this filter is to remove the larger spray particles from the patient's exhaled air first. The filter has various shapes such as square, round and special forms designed and manufactured according to requirements, is made of various materials such as filter cloth, filter paper, glass fiber, HEPA (high efficiency particulate air), ULPA (ultra high pressure emulsion) and the like, and can be directly purchased from the market. The present invention will not be described in detail.

The structure of the physical sterilizer 300 is shown in fig. 3, which is simply referred to as a sterilizer, and the sterilizer is exemplified by an ultraviolet lamp. Comprises an air inlet cover 310, an ultraviolet lamp holder 320, an ultraviolet lamp 330, a disinfection chamber 340 and the like. The inlet cover 310 is composed of an upper inlet 311, a housing, an inner cavity 312, etc. The inner cavity 312 is used for shunting and accommodating the connecting wires of the ultraviolet lamp; the ultraviolet lamp holder 320 is composed of an ultraviolet lamp interface 321, a gas diversion hole 322 and the like, and the ultraviolet lamp 330 and the ultraviolet lamp holder 320 can be connected through screws or bonded through an adhesive; the sterilizing chamber 340 is composed of a housing, an inner cavity 341, a reflective aluminum foil 342 on the inner wall of the sterilizing chamber, a gas outlet 343, etc. When in use, gas enters the inner cavity 312 of the gas inlet cover from the gas inlet 311, passes through the gas diversion hole 322, is sterilized by ultraviolet rays in the inner cavity 341 of the sterilizing chamber 340, is sterilized by ultraviolet rays, passes through the gas outlet 343, and then enters the next step. The purpose of the reflective aluminum foil 342 placed on the inner wall of the sterilization chamber 340 is to enhance the sterilization effect. Such selection of the inlet hood 310 and the sterilization chamber 340 may be of materials that block ultraviolet light to avoid ultraviolet light from causing injury to the user.

The design mode of the sterilization and disinfection flowing gas with the built-in ultraviolet lamp has multiple advantages, the distance between the ultraviolet lamp tube and the air flow is reduced through precise processing, and the effect of irradiating the air flow by high-intensity ultraviolet light is achieved so as to improve the sterilization efficiency of bacteria; the flowing gas passes through the ultraviolet lamp at a short distance, so that the sterilization and disinfection effects can be improved, heat generated by the ultraviolet lamp can be taken away, and the service life of the ultraviolet lamp is prolonged; in addition, a layer of reflective aluminum foil is additionally attached to the inner wall of the air flow channel to reflect partial ultraviolet light, so that the sterilization and disinfection effects of the ultraviolet lamp can be enhanced. Three ultraviolet lamps are used as an example, in practical use, more lamps or less ultraviolet lamps can be used as required, and when the residence time of the gas inside the disinfection chamber 340 is designed, the residence time is preferably 0.1 to 99 seconds, preferably 0.5 to 25 seconds, and more preferably 1 to 15 seconds, in combination with the optimized design of the irradiation intensity of the ultraviolet lamps and the optimized disinfection effect. In practical use, the ultraviolet lamps of the sterilizer 300 preferably having suitable power are ozone-free or low-ozone UVA, UVB, UVC ultraviolet sterilizing lamps, and more preferably non/low-ozone UVC ultraviolet lamps; when a low-ozone ultraviolet lamp is used, trace ozone generated by ultraviolet irradiation and ultraviolet rays are cooperatively acted in the sterilization disinfector to sterilize, and the rest trace ozone enters the gas-liquid mixer 400 along with the gas flow, is partially dissolved in the sterilization disinfectant and continues to play a role in sterilization before decomposition; as the air flow enters the part of the ambient air, the bacteria and viruses in the air are continuously killed before the air flow is decomposed, and the function of further purifying the ambient air is achieved.

The gas-liquid mixer 400 is preferably a venturi tube type, during operation, the liquid flows through the pipe 806, is pressurized by the pump 500, then flows through the pipe 807, enters the gas-liquid mixer 400, forms a jet flow therein, generates a negative pressure in the gas-liquid mixer 400 compared with the external ambient air pressure, under the action of the negative pressure, the ambient air enters the head cap through the one-way valve of the head cap 100, the patient continuously inhales fresh air, the exhaled air and the redundant fresh air are sucked into the gas-liquid mixer 400 through the air filter 200, the pipe 802, the physical sterilizer 300 and the air pipe 803 connected thereto, the fine particles of the virus aerosol which are not removed by the air filter 200 and the bacteria sterilizer 300 in the mixing process are fully mixed with the liquid together with the killed virus residues, are absorbed into the liquid or form larger liquid drops with the liquid, and then enter the gas-liquid separator 500 through the pipe 804, the gas-liquid mixture is preferably introduced into the gas-liquid separator 500 in a tangential manner after the gas and liquid are mixed, so that the gas and liquid are naturally separated by centrifugal force, and the gas is introduced into the liquid trap 700 at the upper portion of the gas-liquid mixer, so as to collect liquid droplets which are not completely separated and carried by the gas flow. The gas from which the liquid has been removed is passed via line 805 to ambient air. If desired, to prevent the liquid trap 700 from collecting such droplets incompletely, and viral particles that may be present in such droplets from escaping to the environment, a suitable air filter may be connected to the conduit 805 or to an outlet (not shown in FIG. 1).

Such liquids are preferably solutions having a bacterial disinfecting action, such as chemicals which kill viruses by oxidation or change the ph of the solution to above 9 or below 5 to inactivate viruses or mixtures thereof with water or a suitable solvent for the gas, mixtures with water of commonly used salt-like chemicals which inactivate proteins, etc. may also be used here. The virus collected by the liquid can be directly killed or inactivated by using the aqueous solution with proper concentration prepared by common chemical agents such as sodium hypochlorite/potassium, potassium permanganate, sodium hydroxide/potassium, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, acetic acid, propionic acid, hydrochloric acid sulfuric acid, nitric acid, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and the like, and the virus particles are fully mixed with the liquid through gas-liquid mixing, namely the virus particles exist in the form of liquid drops after contacting the liquid or form larger liquid drops after being wrapped by the liquid drops, so that the liquid collector 700 is convenient to collect, and the sterilization and disinfection efficiency is further improved. In addition, even if such micro-droplets enter the air, the adhered disinfection solution can lose activity quickly due to the continuous action of the disinfection solution and is no longer infectious. To enhance contact between the gas and liquid, suitable surfactants such as anionic, cationic, amphoteric and nonionic surfactants, preferably nonionic and amphoteric surfactants, more preferably nonionic surfactants such as fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers and/or long chain alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers, and the like, may be added to the disinfecting solution. Different chemical substances can be selected in different environments, and for most application occasions, the water solution of sodium hypochlorite, acetic acid, sodium hydroxide and/or sodium bicarbonate/sodium carbonate can meet the requirement. When a sodium hydroxide solution is used, the solution can absorb carbon dioxide exhaled by a user in addition to the sterilization and disinfection effects. The pH of the acid-base solution is preferably less than 5 or greater than 9, more preferably not greater than 3 or not less than 11. The using temperature of the preferred sterilizing and disinfecting liquid is room temperature, and if the sterilizing and disinfecting liquid is used in an environment with particularly serious pollution, the using temperature can be higher than the room temperature so as to achieve better sterilizing and disinfecting effects.

If the gas-liquid mixer 400 is a venturi type, venturi type jet pumps made of various specifications and types and various materials can be selected on the market to meet the requirements of the used solution on the materials and the requirements of the whole device on the mixing effect of the mixer and the speed of the sucked gas; the pump 600 may be directly selected from various pumps supplied in the market, such as a pipeline pump, a diaphragm pump, a magnetic pump, a centrifugal pump, and the like, and is preferably a magnetic pump or a pipeline pump, the pump head and the flow rate of the pump need to be matched with the requirements of the gas-liquid mixer 400, and the materials need to be matched with the selected disinfectant; the gas-liquid separator 500 and the liquid collector 700 belong to common chemical equipment and can be directly selected from the market, for example, the liquid collector 700 can adopt a packed tower type, and the liquid collector can further enhance gas-liquid contact to further remove the missed residual viruses possibly existing in the gas while collecting the liquid.

Viral infections such as influenza, SARS, MERS and the now prevalent nCoV new coronavirus Covid-19 are by far the most common diseases transmitted through the patient's breath and mainly transmitted through the respiratory tract. For example, a patient can spray 10000 droplets at one sneeze, the farthest is more than 8 meters, 1000-2000 droplets at one cough and the farthest is 6 meters, and 500 droplets can be generated every minute even if the patient speaks. It is these droplets, which are the main mediators of viral transmission, and the main killers of patients with their own infections and healthy people with infections, even through contact infections, the virus sources are mainly from such droplets of patients. The disease process of the infected patients is gradually aggravated, and from the initial asymptomatic stage to the middle stage, the patients mostly suffer from coughing and sneezing symptoms to severe dyspnea, and die due to failure to recover respiratory function and exhaustion of systemic organ function. For the patient, the droplets containing the virus cause the further deterioration of the environment of the patient, cause the quality of the inhaled air to be reduced, the virus which is difficult to be discharged out of the body is further circulated to the lung along with the inhaled air, which is equivalent to strengthening the strength of the virus, and reducing the toxin expelling efficiency of the patient, so that the illness state of some patients which can be automatically recovered is prolonged, and then some patients can be recovered without entering a severe phase, the number of severe patients is increased, the recovery time of the patient is prolonged, the extrusion of public medical resources is easy to form, and finally unnecessary patient death is caused. In addition, for persons who must come into contact with the patient, such as relatives in early and middle stages and medical care personnel after hospitalization, high concentration of virus exists in the ambient air and various interfaces, increasing their chances of infection, such as inhalation of aerosol containing virus through respiratory system and infection of disease through mucous membrane such as eye membrane, lip membrane, etc. after coming into contact with various unclean interfaces. In fact, one person gets ill, reports of infectious whole families are rare, reports of medical staff infectious and paying lives for the medical staff are common in news reports, the infections easily cause great psychological shadow to medical staff and relatives of patients, great pressure is caused to the psychology of the public society, unhealthy psychology infection is promoted, various types of robbery wind such as food, medicines, medical supplies and the like are formed, mutual confidence among social members is reduced, and further, the stability and normal operation of the society are adversely affected. How to reduce the amount of airborne droplets in the ambient air becomes a key point for controlling viral infectious diseases. This problem is solved by the negative pressure operation system shown in fig. 1, which is used by the patient to prevent the spread of viruses from the source.

The negative pressure operation system can also be used as a droplet collector for coughing and sneezing directly or after being modified by proper shape and size for the light and/or medium-sized patients. The user does not need to wear the head all the time, the system does not need to be in a working state all the time, but when the user intentionally coughs and sneezes, the power supply of the pump 600 is firstly switched on, the gas-liquid mixer starts working, the air in the hood 100 forms natural flow to the pipeline 801 under the action of negative pressure, the patient coughs or sneezes against the lower opening of the hood 100, the spitted or sprayed droplets enter the gas-liquid mixer 400 along with the air flow after entering the air filter 200 and the ultraviolet sterilization sterilizer 300, the droplets containing virus are sterilized and disinfected after being mixed with the sterilizing disinfectant, the clean gas enters the environment after passing through the gas-liquid separator and the liquid collector, thus the concentration of the virus in the air can be greatly reduced, the pollution of the patient to the environment is reduced, the quality of air inhaled by the personnel in the environment is improved, and the chance of infection in the environment is reduced for the personnel, for patients, the virus concentration of inhaled air is reduced, the self-pollution degree and the opportunity of repeated infection are reduced, and the virus discharge efficiency in vivo is improved. When the liquid spray head cover is used, the inner surface of the head cover can be modified properly to improve the trapping efficiency of spray, and the selected modified material can be liquid coating chemicals which can form various kinds of viscosity on the inner wall of the head cover 100, such as silicone oil, glycerin, various vegetable oils, various surfactants and the like.

The positive pressure operation system for sterilization and disinfection of workers in an environment with an infection source shown in fig. 4 includes an air filter 200, a physical sterilizer 300, a chemical sterilization and disinfection unit composed of a gas-liquid mixer 400, a gas-liquid separator 500, a liquid pump 600, a liquid collector 700, a sterilization and disinfection liquid, etc., a gas booster 900, an air filter 300A, a physical sterilizer 200A, a head cover 100A, and various pipes 801 to 810, or further pipes or instruments, etc., provided as necessary. When the gas-liquid separator 500 is used, a proper amount of sterilization disinfectant, referred to as disinfectant for short, is added firstly, a user connects the power supplies of the liquid pump 600 and the gas booster 900, the disinfectant enters the gas-liquid mixer 400 through the

pipelines

806 and 807 under the driving of the pump and is mixed with the gas entering the gas mixer through the pipeline 803, at the moment, the user puts on the hood, and the lower part of the hood is provided with an elastic hole which forms an airtight structure with the neck of the user. Air in the environment flows into the physical filter 200 from a pipeline 801, then enters the physical sterilizer 300 through a pipeline 802, then enters the gas mixer 400 through a pipeline 803, enters the gas-liquid separator 500 through a pipeline 804 after being mixed with disinfectant, the separated gas enters the liquid collector 700 to remove residual liquid drops in the gas-liquid separator, the disinfectant is remained in the gas-liquid separator for continuous recycling, the gas enters the gas supercharger 900 through a pipeline 805, the pressurized air enters the hood 100A after passing through the physical sterilizer 300A and the physical filter 200A, the gas inhaled by a user is sterilized and disinfected, and the exhaled gas and redundant purge gas are discharged into the ambient air through a one-way valve of the hood. Compared with the method that the user directly inhales the air in the environment, the method greatly reduces the concentration of virus particles in the inhaled air and greatly reduces the chance of virus infection of the user. The gas discharged to the ambient air is a mixture of clean air exhaled by health workers and sterilized air, wherein the concentration of virus particles is far lower than that of the virus particles in the ambient non-sterilized air.

The

air filters

200 and 200A, the

physical sterilizers

300 and 300A, the gas-liquid mixer 400, the gas-liquid separator 500, the liquid pump 600, the liquid collector 700, the sterilizing liquid used in the positive pressure operation system are the same as or similar to those used in the negative pressure operation system, and thus, detailed description thereof will be omitted. The purpose of the gas booster 900 is to pressurize the sub-atmospheric sterile gas to ensure that the pressure after passing through the physical sterilizer 300A is sufficiently powered through the gas filter 200A to ensure that the gas inhaled by the user into the hood 100A reaches a predetermined level of decontamination, preferably a level of decontamination that is not less than the 1000 standard of the clean room standard, and more preferably a level of 100 standard required by the standard. In practical use, if the energy of the liquid pump 600 converted by the gas-liquid mixer 400 is large enough, the gas can smoothly flow out of the liquid collector 700 to the hood 100A through the physical sterilizer 300A and the gas filter 200A, and the gas booster 900 can be omitted.

In practical use of the positive pressure operation system, the ultraviolet lamps of the sterilizer 300A preferably have appropriate power are non-ozone UVA, UVB or low-ozone UVC ultraviolet sterilizing lamps, and more preferably have low-power non-low-ozone UVC ultraviolet lamps, so as to prevent ozone generated by ultraviolet irradiation of air from damaging users.

When the device is used, a patient adopts a negative pressure operation system, and healthy people moving in the same environment adopt a positive pressure system, so that the infection between the patient and the healthy people can be guaranteed to be blocked, the virus concentration in the air of the co-located environment is greatly reduced, the natural virus discharge efficiency of the patient is improved, the recovery speed is further improved, the time required by recovery is reduced, and the psychological pressure of the healthy people is reduced; the method has great practical significance, such as improving the utilization rate of medical resources, reducing the death rate of patients, greatly reducing the basic infection number R0 of the infectious diseases, and reducing the social public panic psychology caused by the infection.

The negative pressure operating system shown in fig. 1 and the positive pressure operating system shown in fig. 4 are only exemplary in nature and many other variations do not depart from the spirit of the invention: the virus and bacteria discharged by the respiratory system of the patient are removed as much as possible, the environment where the patient is located is purified, the virus discharging efficiency of the patient is promoted, and the chances that staff such as medical care personnel and family members for caring the patient have to infect in the environment are reduced; the positive pressure operation system used by the health staff is added, and the air sucked from the environment is further sterilized and disinfected, so that the aim of isolating the infection of the patient to the staff is fulfilled.

The positive pressure operation system shown in fig. 4 allows the worker to work in the environment of contagious patients with great care, regardless of whether the virus discharged from the patient is treated by the negative pressure operation system as shown in fig. 1, the two-stage air filter and the physical sterilizer with the chemical sterilizing unit interposed therebetween, and the quality of the air inhaled by the health worker can meet the specification requirement of not less than 1000-stage cleanliness by selecting appropriate components. The clean air is inhaled, and the infection chance of the health workers is very little.

If a patient in the same environment uses the negative pressure operation system shown in fig. 1, the virus discharged from the patient enters the environment after being purified, sterilized and disinfected, the protection of workers in the environment can be simplified, and a simplified version of the positive pressure operation system is shown in fig. 5 after the part overlapping with the negative pressure system is removed.

The simplified version of the positive pressure operation system shown in FIG. 5 comprises a gas booster 900, a physical sterilizer 300A, an air filter 200A, a hood 100A, and

conduits

805, 808, 809, 810, etc. The components used are the same as or similar to the positive pressure operating system shown in fig. 4. When the air sterilizer is used, a user turns on a power switch of the air supercharger 900, ambient air enters the air supercharger 900 through the pipeline 805, then enters the physical sterilization sterilizer 300A through the pipeline 808, and then enters the hood 100A through the pipeline 809, the air filter 200A and the pipeline 810. As with the positive pressure operated system of FIG. 4, the pressure within the hood 100A is higher than the ambient air pressure, and thus the design, coupled with the self-contained one-way valve of the hood, prevents ambient air containing a high concentration of virus particles from entering the hood and being inhaled by the user. Thus, the user can be prevented from being infected by the patient. A simplified version of the positive pressure operated system may be designed to have a mass of less than 10Kg or more preferably less than 6Kg integrated into a single device which may be moved with the user, for example a simple backpack device or on a small hand propelled wheeled cart. The power supply to the gas booster 900 may be provided by a battery or by a combination of a battery and a relatively long power cord, which facilitates the user's freedom to walk around in such work environments and facilitates work. Although a little workload is added, compared with anxiety and tension worrying about being infected by patients, the device is willing to be accepted by users, compared with the morale loss caused by the infection of medical care personnel, the popularization of the device has positive social significance for fighting the virus in the infection period and ensuring the victory of the battle epidemic situation. .

Fig. 6 is a modified version of the mask of the hood. The mask is comprised of a one-way valve 620, a mask body 610, and an elastomeric seal 630 that can make airtight contact with the user's face. The lower portion of the mask body 610 has an air inlet and outlet opening 611, shown as two straight edges 612 from the rear; the sealing member 630 has a curved surface 631 at an upper portion thereof to make airtight contact with the forehead portion of the user, and a smaller curved surface 632 at a lower portion thereof to make airtight contact with the chin of the user, and the sealing member 630 has two sides 634, a right rear door (right rear side as viewed in the drawing) to make airtight contact with the face of the user, and a left front side (left front side as viewed in the drawing) having a groove, and the mask body 610 has two straight sides 612 directly inserted into the groove of the sealing member and the mask body 610 has upper and lower sides directly inserted into the groove 633 of the sealing member 630, so that the airtight structure is formed between the mask body 610 and the sealing member 630. The one-

way valves

620 and 620A are positioned in the mask to effect gas diversion, and the mask can be used in either the positive or negative pressure operating systems described above by changing the mounting orientation of the one-way valves. The mask body 610 may be made of a transparent material having elasticity, and in combination with the elastic sealing member 630, may be shaped to fit different users 'facial structures within a range without changing the airtight characteristics of the entire assembly and the airtight characteristics with the user's face. Although two check valves are shown in the drawings, only one or more check valves may be provided as necessary. The seal 630 may be made of an airtight sponge or soft rubber. In addition, the airtight structure of the entire assembly with the user's face allows a little gas leakage, as long as the airflow conditions inside the mask are not changed: namely, the gas flows from the inside to the outside of the face mask in the positive pressure state, and the gas enters the inside of the face mask from the environment in the negative pressure working state. The mask may be another option, taking into account the different conditions of the user and the different needs of the same user in different situations.

Although the inventor does not describe the connection between different components, for anyone skilled in the art, various connection modes such as adhesive connection, screw flange connection and the like can be selected, and the air tightness of the connection part of the whole system can be ensured so as to ensure the stability of the positive pressure or the negative pressure set in the hood.

Although the elastic hole body 130 of the preferred embodiment of the hoods 100 and 100A in the above-mentioned document forms an airtight structure with the neck portion of the user, the hood may not be used in a less polluted environment and a mild patient. The user of the negative pressure operating system relies on the flow of air through the interior of the hood to control the flow of exhaled, coughed air into the air filter 200 without entering the environment; a user of a positive pressure operated system causes infection by blocking ambient air from entering the interior of the hood by the positive pressure of the air flow and inhaling into the respiratory system. The hood without the elastic hole body is particularly suitable for places such as officers working in certain government administration halls, operators on fixed post production lines with harmful gas, registration departments of hospitals and the like. The shape and size of the utility model can be changed according to the specific application place. In addition, no matter the hood or the face mask, other manufacturing methods which can achieve the same purpose can be used for the invention except the manufacturing method, for example, the hood or the face mask manufactured by utilizing the frame structure of soft transparent material and elastic material can also meet the requirements of users and use places

The basic data of the design of the gas booster, the physical sterilization disinfector, the hood, the liquid pump, the gas-liquid mixer, the gas-liquid separator, the liquid collector, each pipeline and the like are as follows: the average inspiratory frequency of the adult is measured by 20 times/minute, the average tidal volume inhaled and exhaled by the adult every time is 500 milliliters, 10 liters of air is consumed every minute, 600 liters every hour, and 3 times or more of air consumption can be selected as design basic data for keeping the set negative pressure and positive pressure condition in the hood and the smooth breathing of a user, for example, the gas flow of the system is not less than 2000 liters/hour to select and design each component. Based on these data, one skilled in the art can select appropriate components to achieve the design intent of the present invention and meet the intended use.

The design of the individual components requires consideration for simple and easy replacement. Components that need frequent replacement or repair can be designed with parallel redundancy if desired.

As can be seen easily by the reader from the above description, the patent provides a set of technical solutions for collecting bacteria and viruses in the droplets of infectious patients and then killing them to achieve the purpose of purifying the ambient air in which the patients are located; meanwhile, the invention provides a set of air sterilization and disinfection device for workers in an environment with infectious characteristics. When used by patients and health workers in the environment, the device can achieve the purposes of purifying air, blocking the infection of the health workers by the patients, improving the virus discharge efficiency in the bodies of the patients, shortening the time for recovering health and the like.

Although the inventor of the present invention has described the use of a device suitable for personal use, anyone skilled in the art can easily deduce that by selecting components of different specifications, such a device can be adapted for use by multiple persons at the same time, for example, by using a larger gas-liquid mixer, air filter, gas-liquid separator, liquid collector, physical sterilizer, liquid pump, etc., the suction capacity or purified air supply capacity that can be provided by the larger gas-liquid mixer, air filter, gas-liquid separator, liquid collector, physical sterilizer, liquid pump, etc., can be satisfied for use by a group of persons at the same time, such a larger device can be more suitable for actual needs of several patients or workers working in one environment at the same time; especially for patients in a ward, the large negative pressure operation system is arranged, so that the cross infection among the patients can not be caused; and the larger positive pressure operating system can simultaneously meet the requirement of simultaneous use of a plurality of positioned workers: such as the requirements of the officials working in certain government administration halls, the operators on the fixed post production lines with harmful gases and the registries of hospitals.

While the above description gives many examples, they are not intended to limit the scope of this patent but only to provide the best illustrations of the parameters of the presently preferred embodiments and the like. Numerous variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present patent.

The scope of the patent should be determined primarily by the following patent claims and their legal equivalents, rather than by merely the exemplary examples given.

The hood is calculated as follows: the head circumference is 600mm, the calculated radius is about 95mm, and 10mm is additionally arranged to adapt to errors caused by head sizes and head shapes of different people, namely the radius is 105mm, and the thickness of the head cover main body is 1.5 mm; the neck has a radius of about 62mm, calculated as a perimeter of 390mm, and is retracted to 45mm to form a seal with the neck. It should be noted that such dimensions are exemplary only, and that the hood and face mask of the present invention may be used in a variety of applications, and that variations may be made as desired by those skilled in the art without departing substantially from the spirit of the present invention.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for blocking transmission of droplets of a liquid such as a new coronavirus disease, comprising: the device includes chemical sterilization disinfection unit, physics sterilizer, air cleaner, hood and other auxiliary unit that disinfects, and two kinds of operating condition can be realized to the different combinations of each unit of the device: a positive pressure working state and a negative pressure working state;

the hood is filled with sterilized air in the positive pressure working state, and the pressure is higher than the environmental pressure, so that the hood is suitable for healthy people working in the environment with infection possibility;

when the negative pressure working state is in the negative pressure working state, the internal pressure of the hood is lower than the environmental pressure, and the air exhaled by the user is discharged into the environment after sterilization and disinfection, so that the hood is suitable for suspected infected patients or confirmed infected patients.

2. The device for blocking the transmission of droplets, such as the transmission of a new coronavirus disease, according to claim 1, wherein: when the device is in a negative pressure working state, the device comprises a hood, an air filter, a physical sterilization disinfector, a chemical sterilization disinfection unit consisting of a gas-liquid mixer, a gas-liquid separator, a liquid pump, a sterilization disinfectant, a liquid collector and the like, and a plurality of pipelines for connecting the components, wherein the gas-liquid separator is filled with the sterilization disinfectant, the hood, the air filter and the physical sterilization disinfector are communicated in sequence through the pipelines, and the physical sterilization disinfector is communicated with the gas-liquid mixer through the pipelines;

the chemical sterilization and disinfection device comprises a liquid collector, a liquid pump, a gas-liquid mixer and the like, wherein the liquid collector is communicated with the gas-liquid separator, the liquid pump, the gas-liquid mixer and the like are sequentially connected through pipelines to form a closed loop, a sterilization and disinfection unit is additionally provided with a sterilization and disinfection liquid to form the chemical sterilization and disinfection unit, a gas outlet is formed above the liquid collector, and a gas inlet is formed below the hood.

3. The device for blocking the transmission of droplets, such as new coronavirus diseases, according to claim 2, wherein: the gas outlet above the liquid collector can be connected with a gas booster, an air filter or a physical sterilization sterilizer through a pipeline.

4. The device for blocking the transmission of droplets, such as the transmission of a new coronavirus disease, according to claim 1, wherein: the head cover comprises a head cover main body made of transparent materials, a one-way valve, an elastic hole body and an outlet;

the one-way valve is arranged on the hood main body or the elastic hole body, and in a negative pressure operation system, the installation direction of the one-way valve plays a role in preventing ambient air from entering the hood in one way and preventing a user from exhaling to directly enter the environment;

by adjusting the mounting orientation of the one-way valve, the same hood can control the flow of air from within the hood to the ambient air for positive pressure operation of the system to prevent infection by healthy users inhaling the ambient air.

5. The device for blocking the transmission of droplets, such as the transmission of a new coronavirus disease, according to claim 1, wherein: the air filter adopts a bag type, frame type or barrel type structure;

preferably, the filter has a filtration efficiency of up to 99.9% for filtering 0.3 μm particles;

more preferably, the filter has a filtration efficiency of 99.5% or more for 0.2 μm particles;

or primary coarse filtration and a middle/high two-stage or even a middle and high-grade air filter are connected in series in three stages for use;

the filter is made of filter cloth, filter paper, glass fiber, HEPA or ULPA.

6. The device for blocking the transmission of droplets, such as the transmission of a new coronavirus disease, according to claim 1, wherein: the physical sterilization sterilizer comprises an air inlet cover, an ultraviolet lamp holder, an ultraviolet lamp and a sterilization chamber, wherein the air inlet cover comprises an air inlet at the upper end, a shell and an inner cavity, and the inner cavity is used for shunting and accommodating a connecting wire of the ultraviolet lamp; the ultraviolet lamp holder consists of an ultraviolet lamp interface and a diversion hole, and the ultraviolet lamp is connected with the ultraviolet lamp holder in a screw or adhesive bonding mode and the like; the disinfection chamber consists of a shell, an inner cavity, a reflecting aluminum foil on the inner wall of the disinfection chamber and a gas outlet;

the physical sterilization disinfector adopts an ultraviolet lamp with proper power as an ozone-free or low-ozone ultraviolet sterilization lamp.

7. The device for blocking the transmission of droplets, such as new coronavirus diseases, according to claim 2, wherein: the gas-liquid mixer preferably adopts a Venturi tube type; preferably a venturi jet pump.

8. The device for blocking the transmission of droplets, such as new coronavirus diseases, according to claim 2, wherein: the sterilizing and disinfecting liquid is a solution with the function of disinfecting bacteria, and can kill viruses by oxidation, change the pH value of the solution to be higher than 9 or lower than 5 to inactivate the viruses or change the concentration of salt to inactivate proteins, or a mixture of the sterilizing and disinfecting liquid and water or a proper solvent of gas;

commonly used chemical reagents: sodium/potassium hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, sodium/potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, acetic acid, propionic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid;

the sterilizing and disinfecting solution can also be added with appropriate surfactants, such as anionic, cationic, amphoteric particle surfactants and nonionic surfactants;

preferably nonionic and amphoteric surfactants;

more preferably a nonionic surfactant such as a fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether;

preferably the pH of the acid-base solution is less than 5 or greater than 9, more preferably less than 3 or greater than 11;

the use temperature of the preferred sterilizing and disinfecting liquid is room temperature or higher;

the liquid pump adopts a pipeline pump, a magnetic pump or a centrifugal pump;

the preferred is a magnetic pump or a pipeline pump, the pump head and the flow rate of the pump need to be matched with the requirements of a gas-liquid mixer, and the materials need to be matched with the selected disinfectant;

the liquid collector can adopt a packed tower type or a plate type tower or a mixed combination of the packed tower type and the plate type tower;

during negative pressure operation, a pipeline type gas booster, such as a pipeline type exhaust fan, is arranged on the pipeline; a gas one-way valve is added on the pipeline so as to prevent backflow of aggregates on the air filter and the physical sterilizer;

the interior surface of the hood is selected from a modifying material that is capable of forming various viscous liquid coating chemicals, such as silicone oil, glycerin, various vegetable oils, or various surfactants, on the interior wall of the hood.

9. The device for blocking the transmission of droplets, such as the transmission of a new coronavirus disease, according to claim 1, wherein: the positive pressure operation system for sterilization and disinfection of workers in an environment with an infection source comprises an air filter, a physical sterilization and disinfection device, a gas-liquid mixer, a gas-liquid separator, a liquid pump, a liquid collector, a sterilization disinfectant, a gas supercharger, an air filter, a physical disinfection device, a hood and a plurality of pipelines for connecting the components, wherein the gas-liquid separator is filled with the sterilization disinfectant, the air filter and the physical sterilization and disinfection device are communicated in sequence through the pipelines, and the physical sterilization and disinfection device is communicated with the gas-liquid mixer through the pipelines; a gas inlet is arranged below the air filter;

the liquid collector is communicated with the gas-liquid separator, the liquid pump and the gas-liquid mixer are sequentially connected through a pipeline to form a closed loop, the gas supercharger, the physical sterilizer, the physical filter and the hood are sequentially communicated above the liquid collector through pipelines, and a gas outlet is formed below the hood;

in the positive pressure operation system, the ultraviolet lamp of the sterilizer with proper power is preferably an ozone-free or low-ozone ultraviolet sterilizing lamp, and more preferably a low-power low-ozone ultraviolet lamp.

10. The device for blocking the transmission of droplets, such as new coronavirus diseases, according to claim 9, wherein: the other simple positive pressure operation system comprises a gas pressurizer, a physical sterilization sterilizer, an air filter, a head cover and a plurality of pipelines for connecting the components, wherein the gas pressurizer is sequentially communicated with the physical sterilization sterilizer, the air filter and the head cover through the pipelines, and gas enters from the gas pressurizer and is discharged from one end of the head cover;

the simple positive pressure operation system is designed into a device which is integrated with a mass less than 10Kg or more preferably less than 6Kg and can move with the user;

if the user can simply carry the device on the back or put the device on a small wheeled vehicle driven by hand; the power supply for the gas booster may be supplied by a battery or by a battery in combination with a longer power cord.

11. The device for blocking the transmission of droplets, such as the transmission of a new coronavirus disease, according to claim 1, wherein: the other structural form of the hood is a mask, the mask comprises a one-way valve, a mask main body and an elastic sealing element which can form airtight contact with the face of a user, the lower part of the mask main body is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and two straight edges are arranged on two sides of the back; the upper part of the sealing element is provided with a curved surface so as to form airtight contact with the forehead part of a user, the lower part of the sealing element is provided with a smaller curved surface so as to form an airtight structure with the chin of the user, the right back of two edges of the sealing element forms an airtight structure with the face of the user, the left front of the sealing element is provided with a groove, two straight edges of the mask main body can be directly inserted into the groove of the sealing element, the upper edge and the lower edge of the mask main body can be directly inserted into the groove of the sealing element, the airtight structure is formed between the mask main body and the sealing element, the one-way valve is arranged at a proper position of the mask so as to achieve the function of gas diversion, and the mask can be used in the positive pressure or.

12. The device for blocking the transmission of droplets, such as new coronavirus diseases, according to claim 11, wherein: the mask main body is made of elastic transparent materials and is combined with the elastic sealing element, the shape of the mask main body can be adjusted within a certain range so as to be suitable for facial structures of different users, and the air tightness of the whole assembly part and the air tightness between the mask main body and the face of the user are not changed;

one or more check valves can be arranged;

the seal may be made of an air impermeable sponge or soft rubber;

13. The device for blocking the transmission of airborne diseases such as new coronavirus diseases according to claim 2 or 9, characterized in that: the basic data of the design of the gas booster, the physical sterilization disinfector, the hood, the liquid pump, the gas-liquid mixer, the gas-liquid separator, the liquid collector and each pipeline are as follows: the average human inhalation frequency is measured by 20 times/minute, the average tidal volume inhaled and exhaled by an adult every time is 500 milliliters, 10 liters of air is consumed every minute, 600 liters of air is consumed every hour, and in order to keep the set negative pressure and positive pressure condition in the hood and the smooth breathing of a user, the gas flow of a system is selected to be not less than 1.5 times of the air consumption as design basic data, for example, not less than 2000 liters/hour to select and design each component.