FR3110187A1 - Roof tile type roofing element - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a roofing element (1) of the tile type, fixed to a carrying structure defining a laying plane (P), said covering element (1) comprising a body intended to be fixed to said carrying structure, characterized in that it comprises at least one opening made through its body, said opening being formed by a duct comprising a constriction so as to be able to create a Venturi effect. Figure to be published with abstract: Figure 1

Description

Tile-type covering element for roofing

Technical field of the invention

The present invention relates to a roofing element of the tile type for making the roof of a building, in particular of a dwelling.

State of the art

The roof of a building is produced by the juxtaposition of covering elements, commonly called tiles, on a frame of the building. These covering elements come to form the roof so that the latter is in particular completely watertight.

Currently, when it comes to ventilating a home (without the addition of an active external device such as an air conditioner or fan) in order to reduce the temperature inside, there are already several solutions. A first solution may consist in spacing the cover elements in order to create openings. A second solution may consist in using perforated cover elements. A third solution may consist in providing specific air inlets at various points in order to let the air circulate.

Not all of these solutions are necessarily satisfactory. The first solution and the second solution do not necessarily make it possible to guarantee the tightness of the roof and require a sufficient supply of wind to ventilate the building correctly. The third solution is often undersized compared to the size of the habitat and requires special skills to be installed and integrated into the cover elements used conventionally.

The object of the invention is to propose a covering element, of the tile type, making it possible to achieve ventilation of the habitat in a natural way, without requiring a particular supply of wind, nor the use of specific ventilation / air conditioning devices. .

This object is achieved by a tile-type covering element, fixed to a carrying structure defining a laying plane, said covering element comprising a body intended to be fixed to said carrying structure, said covering element comprising at least one opening made through its body, said opening being formed by a duct comprising a constriction so as to be able to create a Venturi effect.

According to one feature, the duct is formed of at least two adjacent segments:

• A first segment forming a flare, the widest section of which opens onto a rear part of said cover element;
• A second segment narrowed with respect to the first segment and extending the first segment to lead to a front part of the cover element.

According to another feature, the cover element comprises a lower part, intended to bear against the carrying structure and an upper part arranged on said lower part, said duct being provided between said lower part and said upper part.

According to another feature, the lower part is in the form of a first plate, on which a cavity is made.

According to another feature, the upper part consists of a second plate arranged on the lower part to partially cover said cavity.

According to another feature, the cavity has a first opening made on a rear face of the first plate, forming an air inlet of said duct.

According to another feature, the second plate comprises two lateral wings bearing on the lower part on either side of the cavity and a central part partially covering said cavity, leaving a second opening at the front so as to form an air outlet from said duct.

According to another feature, the cover element incorporates a grid arranged between the air inlet and the air outlet of the duct.

According to another feature, the first plate and the second plate are made of a material chosen from cement, clay and a recycled material.

According to another feature, the recycled material is plastic.

The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a cover element as defined above, said method comprising the following steps:

• A step of loading a load into a matrix,
• A step of applying a punch by compression against the load placed in the die, said punch comprising at least one elongated element comprising a first widened section extended towards its free end by a second narrowed section.

According to one feature, the filler is formed of a material chosen from cement, clay and recycled plastic.

The invention thus aims to use the Venturi effect to cool the habitat without electrical and/or energy input other than the specific shape of the cover element. In this, the invention makes it possible in particular to limit its ecological impact.

The solution of the invention will in particular be perfectly suited for the roofs of buildings located in hot countries.

The solution of the invention may in particular be manufactured from recycled materials, thus making it possible to further reduce its ecological impact and to limit its cost price.

The purpose of the invention is thus to use natural convection by accelerating the air flow by venturi effect to reduce the interior temperature of a habitat without additional cost or additional energy footprint.

Brief description of figures

Other characteristics and advantages will appear in the detailed description which follows given with regard to the appended drawings in which:

• FIG. 1 represents, seen in perspective, the cover element according to the invention;

• FIG. 2 represents the covering element of the invention, respectively in top view (V1), in front view (V2) and in rear view (V3);

• Figure 3 shows the structure of the cover element of the invention;

• Figures 4 and 5 illustrate the principle of operation of the cover element according to the invention;

• FIG. 6 shows the principle of assembly of several cover elements in accordance with the invention, to produce a roof of a building;

• FIG. 7 illustrates the principle of adding a protection option to the cover element of the invention;

• FIG. 8 illustrates the process for manufacturing the cover element according to the invention;

Detailed description of at least one embodiment

The object of the invention is to use natural convection to reduce the temperature inside a building, for example a dwelling. The hot air present inside a building is naturally evacuated to the outside, thanks to the creation of a Venturi effect.

As a reminder, the phenomenon of natural (thermal) convection consists of a transfer of heat which takes place thanks to the movement of matter in a liquid or gaseous medium. During convection, heat movements generally occur spontaneously under the effect of a temperature difference between zones of a fluid. Consequently, a hot fluid such as air will tend to rise and a cold fluid will tend to descend, which causes ascending or descending air currents.

As a reminder, the Venturi effect is the name given to a phenomenon of fluid dynamics where gaseous or liquid particles are accelerated due to a narrowing of their circulation area. In the context of the invention, the Venturi effect can thus lead to an acceleration of particles in a specific corner, allowing the creation of an air current. For the invention, it is thus a question of making it possible to evacuate the hot air outside the building, through its roof.

For the rest of the description, a laying plane (P) is defined which corresponds to the plane defined by the carrying structure on which the cover elements bear when they are laid to make a roof of the building.

Conventionally, to make a roof, the cover elements are arranged along several lines, the lines being juxtaposed from the bottom to the top of the structure and the cover elements are arranged in staggered rows from one line to another (see figure 6 ).

It is known that hot air tends to rise naturally, especially in a building where it is concentrated under the roof.

The invention thus aims to evacuate this heat in a natural way, without using particular devices, by the simple shape of the cover elements.

The invention uses the Venturi effect which makes it possible to accelerate an air flow between its inlet and its outlet. The Venturi effect is generated by a narrowing in a duct, between a widened inlet and a narrower section outlet.

The cover element 1 of the invention is in the form of a tile which comprises a duct having the narrowing necessary to achieve the Venturi effect.

The duct thus comprises an air inlet 10 located at the rear of the cover element 1 to let air in and an air outlet 11 located at the front of the cover element to let the air out. 'air. Between its inlet and its outlet, the duct has said constriction so as to be able to create the Venturi effect. The air inlet 10 of the duct is intended to communicate with the interior of the building and its air outlet 11 is intended to communicate with the exterior of the building.

The duct can have different configurations. It advantageously has at least a first segment and a second segment, the first segment having a widened section with respect to the section of the second segment. By way of example, the duct takes the form of a funnel.

Referring to Figures 1 to 3, the cover element 1 extends in a plane parallel to the laying plane (P) on the carrying structure.

The covering element 1 can consist of a lower part 12 and an upper part 13, assembled together or made in the form of a one-piece assembly. The lower part 12 is intended to bear against the carrying structure, along the laying plane (P) and the upper part 13 is intended to be positioned above the lower part 12 and is thus oriented outwards. .

The duct necessary for air circulation is provided between the lower part 12 and the upper part 13 of the cover element.

In a non-limiting way, the lower part 12 is in the form of a plate, on which a cavity 120 is cut. Said cavity 120 can lead to an opening 121 made on a rear face of the plate, oriented transversely to its plane. , forming said air inlet 10. The cavity 120 may have an elongated shape from the back to the front, for example a pointed shape, oriented from the back to the front so as to define a narrowing.

The upper part 13 consists of a second plate arranged on the lower part 12. It can be independent and fixed to the lower part or manufactured with the lower plate in a single one-piece element.

In a non-limiting manner, this second plate comprises two lateral wings 130 bearing on the lower part 12 on either side of the cavity 120 and a central part 131 partially covering said cavity 120, leaving an opening at the front so as to form the air outlet 11. The central part may have a shape ending at the front with a point.

The association between the lower plate 12 and the upper plate 13 makes it possible to form said duct, providing a flared section at the rear and a narrower section at the front so as to create the Venturi effect.

Figure 4 illustrates the principle of operation of the cover element of the invention. In this figure 4, one can thus see a flow of air (AIR) which passes through said cover element. The hot air located inside the building enters through the air inlet located at the rear, is accelerated in the duct, thanks to the Venturi effect, and is evacuated to the outside through the exhaust outlet. air. Figure 5 shows the cover element 1 of the invention, exploded, with its upper part 13 separated from its lower part 12. The air flow enters through the rear opening 121, forming the air inlet , then crosses the cavity 120 along its length and comes out through a second opening made at the end of the cavity 120, made between the lower part and the upper part 13, this second opening forming the air outlet 11.

FIG. 6 illustrates the principle of juxtaposition of several cover elements 1 in accordance with the invention, to form a roof of a building. In this figure 6, the cover elements 1 are juxtaposed on the inclined laying plane (P), their lower part 12 resting against the carrying structure, and their rear part oriented towards the top of the carrying structure, allowing also ensure the flow of water by gravity. It can be seen there that the air flows (AIR) are caused to pass through each cover element 1, via their respective duct.

It may be noted that each cover element 1 may comprise two holes 2 at the rear which enable it to be fixed to the carrying structure, using screws or nails.

In a non-limiting manner, with reference to Figure 7, the cover element 1 can integrate a grid 6, arranged between the air inlet 10 and the air outlet 11. It can be arranged between its two parts, lower and upper. This grid 6 can be made of metallic material. It has a sufficiently fine mesh, allowing it to act as a filter. It thus lets air pass through the duct and prevents insects or other dust from outside from entering the building. This grid 6 can be fixed for example by screwing or riveting. A grid 6 can be associated separately with each cover element. It can for example be cut to follow the contours of the cavity made in the lower part and thus come to cover it.

Referring to Figure 8, the cover element 1 can be manufactured by compression molding of a filler, using a die 3 and a punch 4 of suitable shapes.

The matrix 3 has a recessed volume intended to define the external shape of the cover element. It has for example a volume adapted to the manufacture of a single cover element 1 and an ejector 30, for example arranged through its bottom wall.

The punch 4 has a base 40 and, to form the duct through the load, a head 41 having a shape complementary to that of the duct to be produced, standing on the base 40.

The manufacturing steps of the construction element are specified below in connection with Figure 7:

E1: Charge 5 is placed in the hollow volume of matrix 3, in a quantity suitable for the manufacture of a single cover element. The filler 5 is in a sufficiently liquid state to flow and fill the volume of the matrix 3. It may have a pasty structure.

E2: The punch 4 is translated towards the inside of the die so as to push its head into the load volume 5. The translation of the punch is carried out until the free end of the head reaches the bottom of the tank. Depending on the material used for making the cover element, the drying time may be longer or shorter.

E3: Punch 4 is removed from the die after drying.

E4: Thanks to the ejector 30, the finished cover element 1 can then be extracted from the matrix 3.

In a non-limiting way, the cover element 1 in accordance with the invention can be made of a material chosen from cement, clay and a recycled material. In recycled material, it can be a plastic-based material.

The solution of the invention thus has many advantages, including:

• A simple solution to naturally ventilate the interior of a building, without resorting to devices such as air conditioners and fans, and without requiring an external supply of wind;
• An easy-to-manufacture solution, by compression molding;
• The possibility of making the cover element based on different materials, in particular based on recycled materials;
• A solution that does not require special skills to be installed;
• An inexpensive solution;

Claims (12)

Roofing element (1) of tile type, fixed to a carrying structure defining a laying plane (P), said covering element (1) comprising a body intended to be fixed to said carrying structure, characterized in that it comprises at least one opening made through its body, said opening being formed by a duct comprising a constriction so as to be able to create a Venturi effect. Covering element according to Claim 1, characterized in that the duct is formed of at least two adjacent segments:

• A first segment forming a flare, the widest section of which opens onto a rear part of said cover element;
• A second segment narrowed with respect to the first segment and extending the first segment to lead to a front part of the cover element.

Covering element according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises a lower part (12), intended to bear against the carrying structure and an upper part (13) arranged on the said lower part, the said conduit being arranged between said lower part and said upper part. Covering element according to Claim 3, characterized in that the lower part (12) is in the form of a first plate, on which a cavity (120) is formed. Covering element according to Claim 4, characterized in that the upper part (13) consists of a second plate arranged on the lower part to partially cover the said cavity (120). Covering element according to Claim 5, characterized in that the cavity (120) comprises a first opening (121) made on a rear face of the first plate, forming an air inlet (10) of the said duct. Covering element according to Claim 6, characterized in that the second plate comprises two lateral wings (130) coming to rest on the lower part on either side of the cavity and a central part (131) coming to partially cover the said cavity (120), leaving a second opening at the front so as to form an air outlet (11) from said duct. Covering element according to Claim 7, characterized in that it incorporates a grid (6) arranged between the air inlet and the air outlet of the duct. Covering element according to one of Claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the first plate and the second plate are made of a material chosen from cement, clay and a recycled material. Covering element according to Claim 9, characterized in that the recycled material is plastic. Method of manufacturing a cover element as defined in one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

• A step of loading a load (5) into a matrix (3),
• A step of applying a punch (4) by compression against the load (5) placed in the die (3), said punch (4) comprising at least one elongated element comprising a first widened section extended towards its free end by a second narrowed section.

Method according to Claim 11, characterized in that the filler (5) is formed from a material chosen from among cement, clay and recycled plastic.