FR3088168A1 - MONITORING THE WELFARE AND / OR COMFORT OF A BREEDING ANIMAL - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an electronic system for monitoring (100) the welfare of a farm animal (A) such as for example a bovine, said system (100) comprising: a) a portable measurement module (10) positioned on said animal (A) and comprising: - a temperature probe (11) configured to measure a temperature of the ambient air on said animal (A), denoted Tvac_m, and - a humidity sensor (12) configured for measuring a humidity of the ambient air on said animal (A), noted HRvac_m; and b) a central unit (20) remote from the animal (A) and comprising: - a generation circuit (22) configured to collect information relating to the temperature and humidity measured on said animal (A) and for generate according to said collected information at least one temperature data (DT) containing information relating to the measured temperature Tvac_m and at least one humidity data (DH) containing information relating to the measured humidity HRvac_m; - a processing circuit (23) of said temperature (DT) and humidity (DH) data to calculate, a relative humidity RH actually felt by said animal; and - a processor (24) configured to determine a comfort parameter associated with the well-being of said animal (A) as a function of the relative humidity RH actually felt calculated in order to assess the well-being and / or comfort of said animal

Description

MONITORING THE WELFARE AND / OR COMFORT OF A BREEDING ANIMAL

Technical field and prior art

The present invention relates to the field of animal husbandry.

The present invention relates more particularly to monitoring the welfare of farm animals.

One of the objects of the present invention relates to a method and a computer system making it possible to monitor at least one farm animal such as for example a bovine in order to assess its state of comfort, its behavior and / or its state of well-being. .

By behavior is meant here detectable behavior states such as for example the following states: rumination, ingestion, rest, activity, reproduction period, etc.

The present invention will thus find numerous advantageous applications in breeders and in particular cattle breeders by allowing them to assess the comfort and / or well-being states of their animals in order to best manage the breeding and its productivity.

Determining and analyzing the behavior of farm animals is of real economic importance in farm performance.

For cattle farming, for example, the detection of high activity states of animals makes it easier to detect periods conducive to reproduction (or heat).

It will be understood here that the detection of a heat period in an animal helps the farmer in his decision concerning the optimal periods of insemination.

The detection of certain other states of animal behavior such as for example ingestion, rumination or rest can also be of interest to the breeder and help him to draw conclusions related to feeding, health and animal productivity.

States of comfort and / or well-being influence the health of animals. The individual circadian rhythms for each animal determine its behavioral profile. The identification of this profile is essential to anticipate animal health disorders, for example by detecting anomalies in their individual behavior.

The comfort and well-being of a farm animal therefore have an essential aspect in the life of the animal, these states of comfort and / or well-being being directly associated with the health and performance of the animal. 'animal.

In the case of dairy cows, for example, the state of comfort of the animals is directly linked to the quantity and quality of the milk produced per day.

Continuous monitoring of this comfort level of the animals also makes it possible to conduct good prevention of diseases and health disorders both at the individual level (per animal) and at the herd level (per farm).

The monitoring of comfort status therefore aims at an economic improvement of the operation and a reduction in the costs of veterinary services.

Furthermore, the animal’s living environment is closely linked to this state of comfort and well-being.

It is therefore important to assess the state of comfort on the basis of the estimation of one's feelings based on environmental parameters such as, for example, the perceived brightness, the temperature and / or the ambient humidity. We also speak of thermal stress, such stress which can be assessed according to the temperature and the ambient humidity felt by the animal.

It is known that such heat stress can cause a deterioration in the animal's state of health and, in the case of dairy cows, a decrease in daily milk production.

Solutions allow today to evaluate certain aspects linked to animal behavior.

We know for example the document US2015351885 A1 which discloses a method for detecting heat in animals.

The documents US2016165851 A1, US2017231199 A1 or also WO2016086248 A1 disclose solutions for determining the states of animal behavior.

However, the solutions known so far only allow certain states of the animal to be observed without explaining the possible cause or the impact on well-being and / or comfort.

In addition, the known solutions are essentially based on the analysis of movements and only take into account mechanical parameters of the behavior of the animal.

The Applicant therefore submits that the existing solutions to date are not fully satisfactory and do not allow the state of well-being and / or comfort of the animal to be assessed in sufficient detail.

Object and summary of the present invention

The object of the present invention is to improve the situation described above.

The present invention therefore aims to remedy the various drawbacks mentioned above by proposing a simple and inexpensive solution which makes it possible to precisely determine the state of well-being and / or comfort of an animal.

To this end, the object of the present invention relates, according to a first aspect, to a process for monitoring the well-being and / or comfort of a farm animal such as, for example, a cattle.

Advantageously, the method according to the present invention is implemented by computer means and comprises the following steps:

a) a first measurement during which a temperature of the ambient air on said animal is measured using a temperature probe positioned on the farm animal, denoted T _va cm,

b) a second measurement during which, using a humidity sensor positioned on the animal, measures a humidity of the ambient air on the animal, noted HRvac_m;

c) a collection of information relating to the temperature and humidity measured on said animal by a central unit to respectively generate a temperature data item containing information relating to the measured temperature T _vac m and a humidity data item containing relative information at measured humidity HR _S ac m 1

d) a processing by the central unit of the temperature and humidity data to calculate, as a function of the temperature T _va c_m measured, of the humidity measured HR _yacm and of a temperature T _{vac r} felt by the animal , a relative humidity RH actually felt by said animal; and

e) a determination of a comfort parameter associated with the well-being of the animal as a function of the relative humidity RH. actually felt calculated during the treatment step to assess the well-being and / or comfort of said animal.

Advantageously, the temperature T _going cr felt by the animal is approximated by a reference temperature Text which corresponds to a temperature of the ambient air measured at a determined reference point.

Alternatively, the animal is housed in a stable.

According to this variant, the reference temperature Texî of the ambient air corresponds to a temperature measured beforehand at a reference point located inside the stable.

In another variant, the animal is left in pasture in the open air outside a barn (for example in a meadow).

According to this other variant, the ambient air reference temperature corresponds to an ambient air temperature measured beforehand at a reference point located outside the barn.

Advantageously, it can be provided that, during the treatment step, the calculation of the relative humidity RH actually felt by said animal comprises:

a) a first calculation of the density of water vapor near said animal, noted p ... vac; and

b) a second calculation of the maximum possible density of water vapor for the temperature T _{vac r} , denoted p_max.

Preferably, the relative humidity RH actually felt by the animal is calculated according to the following formula:

HR ₌ . ₁₀₀ o _{/ o or HR =} . _1O or%

p.max E.vacr

Preferably, the density of water vapor near said animal p „vac is calculated according to the following formula:

217 e_vac ^p - ^{vac =} (T _v „ _m + 273.15)

Preferably, the maximum possible density of water vapor p_max for the temperature T _va c_r is calculated according to the following formula:

217 - E vac r ^f - (T _{vac r} + 273.15) where e „vac and E_vac_r correspond respectively to the partial pressure of the vapor in the air next to the animal and the maximum possible pressure of the vapor in air for temperature T vacr As indicated above, the temperature T _vac r can be different from T _{vac m} and can be approximated by the reference temperature Tev.

Advantageously, the maximum possible pressure E_vac_r of steam in the air for the temperature T _vac r. is calculated according to the following formula:

E_vac_r = exp (| when T _{vac r} is between -60 ° C and 0 ° C;

0 3, / / τυ, οοί'Τvac r

OR

E_vac_r - exp when T _{vac r} is between 0 ° C and 83 ° C.

Alternatively, the. maximum possible pressure E_vac_r of vapor in air for the temperature Ivac r can be determined from correspondence tables known from the literature.

Advantageously, the partial pressure of the vapor in the air next to the e_vac animal is calculated according to the following formula:

HR _V ac 'E_vac_m e „vac - JQQ% where E_vac_m corresponds to the maximum possible pressure of the vapor in the air next to the animal for the temperature T _{vac m} .

In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the step of determining a comfort parameter associated with the well-being of Faniraal comprises a calculation of a temperature-humidity index, denoted Tl · II, as a function of the temperature felt by said animal T _{vac r} and relative humidity RH.

Preferably, the THI index is calculated according to the following formula:

THI - ζΐ.8 T _vac j- + 32 ^ - ^ (o, 35 - 0.0055 HR) x (^ 1.8 T _{vac r} - 26.81)]

Advantageously, the method according to the present invention comprises a third measurement during which a luminosity perceived by said animal is measured using a photosensitive sensor positioned on said animal, said perceived luminosity being taken into consideration in the evaluation of the animal welfare and / or comfort.

Advantageously, the method according to the present invention comprises a fourth measurement during which the activity of said animal is measured using a motion sensor positioned on said animal, said activity of the animal being taken into account in the assessment of animal welfare. This measurement also makes it possible to determine the states of behavior of the animal such as for example the following states: rumination, ingestion, rest, medium activity, high activity, reproduction period.

Correlatively, the object of the present invention relates according to a second aspect to a computer program which includes instructions suitable for the execution of the steps of the method as described above, this in particular when said computer program is executed by at least one processor.

Such a computer program can use any programming language, and be in the form of source code, object code, or an intermediate code between a source code and an object code, such as in a partially compiled form, or in any other desirable form.

Likewise, the object of the present invention relates according to a third aspect to a recording medium readable by a computer on which a computer program is recorded comprising instructions for the execution of the steps of the method as described above. .

On the one hand, the recording medium can be any entity or device capable of storing the program. For example, the support may include a storage means, such as a ROM memory, for example a CD-ROM or a ROM memory of the microelectronic circuit type, or else a magnetic recording means or a hard disk.

On the other hand, this recording medium can also be a transmissible medium such as an electrical or optical signal, such a signal being able to be routed via an electrical or optical cable, by conventional or hertzian radio or by self-directed laser beam or by other ways. The computer program according to the invention can in particular be downloaded from a network of the Internet type.

Alternatively, the recording medium can be an integrated circuit in which the computer program is incorporated, the integrated circuit being adapted to execute or to be used in the execution of the process in question.

The object of the present invention relates according to a fourth aspect to an electronic system for monitoring the well-being and / or comfort of a farm animal such as for example a bovine.

According to the invention, the system comprises computer means configured for the implementation of the steps of the method described above.

More particularly, the system according to the present invention comprises: a portable measurement module positioned on said animal and comprising:

»A temperature probe configured to measure an ambient air temperature on said animal, denoted J vac ni, and • a humidity sensor configured to measure an ambient air humidity on said animal, denoted HR ™ _m;

- a central unit remote from the animal and comprising:

A generation circuit configured to collect information relating to the temperature and humidity measured on said animal and to generate as a function of said collected information at least one temperature data item containing information relating to the temperature T quickly tn measured and at least humidity data containing information relating to the measured humidity lllf ₅ . -;

A circuit for processing said temperature and humidity data to calculate, as a function of the temperature T _va c_m measured, of the humidity measured HRvac m and of a temperature T _{vac r} felt by the animal, a relative humidity HR actually felt by said animal; and • a processor configured to determine a comfort parameter associated with the well-being of said animal as a function of the relative humidity RH actually felt calculated in order to assess the well-being and / or comfort of said animal.

Thus, the object of the present invention, by its various functional and structural aspects described above, makes it possible to determine with good precision the state of well-being of an animal and in particular of a farm animal.

Brief description of the attached figures

Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the description below, with reference to the appended FIGS. 1 to 5 which illustrate an embodiment thereof devoid of any limiting nature and in which:

FIG. 1 schematically represents a sectional view of a portable measurement module of the collar type positioned around the neck of a bovine, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 represents a schematic view of a system for monitoring the well-being of a farm animal such as a cattle according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 3 represents an animal equipped around its neck with a portable measurement module of the collar type according to the figure 1 ;

Figure 4 shows a schematic perspective view of a portion of a measurement module according to Figure 1;

FIG. 5 represents a flowchart illustrating the different steps of the method for monitoring animal welfare according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed description according to an advantageous embodiment.

A process for monitoring the welfare of farm animals and the system associated with it will now be described in what follows with reference to Figures 1 to 5.

Keeping animals in good health is essential for the efficiency of the activity associated with the breeding of animals, in particular cattle.

Changes in the behavior of each animal may be linked to developing health conditions. However, these changes can also be caused by the deterioration of their comfort status (change in temperature and / or humidity, insufficient amount of light).

Changing the animal's diet can also affect behavior.

It is therefore desirable to be able to distinguish the real cause of a change in behavior in an animal to allow the farmer to make the right decision (for example: need or not to call a veterinarian) and thus manage his breeding of the most efficient way.

One of the objectives of the present invention is therefore to be able to provide the farm manager with the information necessary to be able not only to observe the current behavior of each animal, but also to facilitate the determination of the cause of the evolution of the behavior.

The solutions developed so far do not allow the level of animal welfare and / or comfort to be assessed on an individual scale and do not take into account measurements of environmental parameters such as for example ΊΉΙ (temperature index- humidity) or the light perception for each animal independently.

There are also no solutions that offer to analyze the individual behavior of the cow in the long term in order to define the individual behavioral profile of each cow.

These various objectives are achieved by the invention described below.

In the example described here, there is a portable measurement module 10 in the form of a collar 10 positioned around the neck C of an animal A, here a cow (see FIG. 3).

In this example, the measurement module 10 is instrumented with a plurality of sensors including in particular a temperature probe 11 and a humidity sensor 12.

Here, the temperature probe 11 is configured to measure during a measurement step SI a temperature of the ambient air on the animal A; this measured temperature is here noted Tyac m.

The humidity sensor 12 is in turn configured to measure during a step S2 the humidity of the ambient air on the animal A; this measured humidity is noted here HR _V ac m.

The humidity sensor 12 can be combined with the temperature sensor 11 and integrated into the same electronic component.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of implementation of the collar 10 with a housing 10 ’comprising in its center a receptacle 10a’ capable of receiving a cylindrical element 18a. This element 18a has on the front facade an orifice 18b allowing access to the bottom of said housing 10 ’along a passage channel 18c. The bottom of said housing 10 ’comprises an electronic card 19 on which the sensors 11 and 12 are positioned in an enclosure forming a compartment 19 ′ for receiving the sensors 11 and 12.

The channel 18b therefore opens into this enclosure 19 '. This makes it possible to measure the temperature T _goes cm and the humidity RH _goes c m.

In this example, sealing elements 18d are also provided between the enclosure 19 ′ and the rest of the housing.

Also provided in said collar 10 is a power source 15 of the battery type and a microcontroller 16 of the type for example MCU.

Figure 4 illustrates a perspective view of the element 18a. This element can be replaced easily if necessary to be repositioned in the receptacle 10a ’of the housing 10’.

We know that humidity is caused by the presence of water vapor in the air.

Two physical values can be cited to assess the humidity level of air: absolute humidity (expressed, for example, in grams per cubic meter) and relative humidity (expressed in percent).

Absolute humidity shows what mass of water in the form of vapor is contained in a given volume of air. Except in extreme cases (for example, temperature change by passing through a dew point), this value remains invariable according to the temperature (if the air temperature changes, the same amount of water (number of grams) remains in the air as vapor).

Relative humidity shows the level (percentage) of air vapor saturation. Indeed, the air cannot accommodate the infinite quantity of water. There is a well-defined limit of the mass of water vapor by a given volume of air. This limit depends on the air temperature.

The lower the air temperature, the less water it can contain. Indeed, when the air temperature drops sharply, part of the vapor (gas) becomes liquid water which is no longer part of the air and, therefore, no longer participates in the constitution of the humidity of the air. 'air. This means that the value of the relative humidity (percentage) changes, in general, according to the temperature of the ambient air contrary to the absolute humidity (number of grams of water vapor per cubic meter of air) , which remains unchanged (in general).

The important parameter for estimating the level of comfort and well-being of animals (and humans) is relative humidity (not absolute humidity).

The thermal comfort of the animal is therefore linked to the couple of air temperature and relative humidity felt by the animal.

The sensor 12 is capable of directly measuring the relative humidity.

However, the temperature and relative humidity values measured during steps S1 and S2 may be imprecise.

Indeed, the air temperature at the location of the sensor 11 is generally higher than the real temperature of the ambient air because the sensor 11 is warmed by the body of animal A.

In the same way, the value of the relative humidity RH ..... measured by the sensor 12 can be different from the true value of the relative humidity RH of the air around the animal (because the air is usually colder).

The concept underlying the present invention is therefore to determine the relative humidity RH actually felt by the animal A by calculating the value of the absolute humidity (which, in general, does not depend on the temperature, as explained previously), this to avoid the impact of body temperature on the measurement.

In the example described here, the temperature felt by the animal is approximated by the temperature of the ambient air outside the animal, denoted Texj.

The information collected by the sensors 11 and 12 during the measurements SI and S2 are therefore collected by a central unit 20 remote from the animal A during a step S3; this collection S3 is carried out via wireless communication means 17 and 21 of the type, for example radio frequency means or the like.

The central unit 20 comprises a generation circuit 22 which, during a step S4, generates from the information T _vac m and HR _vac m respectively a temperature data DT containing information relating to the measured temperature T _vac m and a data DH humidity with information on the measured humidity HR _{vac m} .

In the example described here, there is then provided a treatment S5 by a processing circuit 23 of these data of temperature DT and humidity DH to calculate, as a function of the temperature T _vac _m measured, of the measured humidity HR _{vac m} and a reference temperature Texî of the ambient air measured at a determined reference point, a relative humidity RH actually felt by animal A.

The ambient air temperature Texî may be the ambient air temperature for the animals A inside the farm building.

This reference temperature Tev can be measured by another temperature sensor 24 which is located in the building.

Alternatively, it can also correspond to a reference temperature of the ambient air for animals A which are outside the building. In this case, this probe is outside. It will be noted with the reference 24 ’.

It is therefore necessary to provide two different 24 and 24 ’temperature sensors to measure the Teke air temperature.

The system 100 can distinguish whether the animal is outside or inside a building, for example, by measuring the brightness by the light sensor 13 integrated in the collar 10.

In the example described here, the calculation of the relative humidity RH actually felt by animal A is carried out as follows.

The processing circuit 23 is presented as a calculator and performs a first calculation S51 of the density of water vapor near said animal, denoted p „vac, and a second calculation S5 2 of the maximum density of water vapor at reference point, noted p „max.

During the first calculation S5 1, the density of water vapor near the animal p „vac is calculated according to the following formula:

217 e_vac p vac ~ _; ----------- X; - ;; -; -;: - Uvac_m + 273 / 1.5)

During the second calculation S5J2, the maximum density of water vapor at the reference point p_max is calculated according to the following formula:

217 E_ext p_max ~ T (T _Ext + 273,1ο) where e_vac and E_ext correspond respectively to the partial pressure of the vapor in the air next to the animal A and the maximum pressure of the vapor in the air at the point of reference to the Texî reference temperature.

In this example, the maximum pressure E_ext of the vapor in the air at the reference point at the Texl reference temperature is calculated according to the following formula:

„. zl8.74-T _Fxt —115.72 \. . -> _n n

E_ext = -) when T _Ext is between -60C and 0 ° t; or

E_ext = explorsque T _Ext is between 0 ° C and 83 ° C.

O Zi ό _t! ! * V,.> J! 'T

Still in this example, the partial pressure e_vac of the vapor in the air next to animal A is calculated according to the following formula:

HR _vac m 'E „vac„ m ^e ~ ^VdC - _100%

where E_vac_m corresponds to the maximum pressure of the vapor in the air next to animal A.

We therefore know how to calculate the values for p_vac and p_max.

Knowing p_vac and p_max, we can calculate HR according to the equation below: p vac HR = “........... 100% p_max

In this way, circuit 23 can calculate the relative humidity RH actually felt by animal A.

The present invention proposes to determine individually for each animal the state of behavior of the animals, their level of activity and their feeling of the environmental parameters in rate.

Thus, an ibis that the processing circuit 23 has determined the relative humidity RH actually felt by said animal, the processor 25 of the central unit 20 determines during a step S6 a comfort parameter associated with the well-being of the animal A as a function of the relative humidity RH actually felt.

This parameter is calculated to assess the welfare of the animal.

In this example, the parameter corresponds to the temperature-humidity index or THI which is a function of the air temperature felt by the Texl animal and the calculated relative humidity RH.

This index is calculated by the processor 25 calculated according to the following formula:

77 // = (1.8T _Ext + 32) - [(θ, 55 - 0.0055 HR) x (1.8 T _Ext - 26.81)]

Combining all the measured and calculated information makes it possible to detect health disorders, to identify periods of ovulation (heat) and to estimate the level of animal welfare in a more reliable and precise way than the existing solutions.

Environmental parameters, such as the brightness measured by the brightness sensor 13 (photosensitive sensor) integrated in the collar and the THI index (based on measurements related to ambient temperature and ambient humidity) perceived by each animal A thus allow to estimate the comfort level of the animals.

It has in fact been observed that the temperature-humidity index or THI and the brightness perceived by animals during the day have a direct impact on the quantity and quality of the milk produced by a cow.

Thus, a dairy cow which is in a “non-comfortable” state at the thermal level (thermal stress), for example a THI value too low or too high, can lose up to. 30% of daily milk production.

Exceeding the THI threshold results in losses of 2.4% of production by each unit of THI beyond the critical threshold.

The heat stress that cattle can undergo can also lead to disruption of ovulation periods and a greater development of diseases.

The Applicant therefore submits that the yield from cattle holdings is directly dependent on the thermal comfort of the animals.

In addition, the amount of light perceived by the animal during the day has a direct impact on the hormonal regulation of the animal. For example, increasing the amount of light per day leads to a stimulation of intake and therefore of milk production. The decrease in the daily amount of light promotes animal immunity.

The possibility of measuring environmental parameters individually makes it possible to optimize the profitability of the farm and improve the health of the herd.

There is also provision in the collar for the integration of an accelerometer 14 or equivalent to measure the activity of the animal and determine the states of behavior of the animal such as for example the states of rumination, ingestion, rest, medium activity. , high activity, breeding period.

Thanks to this additional information, the processor 25 of the central processing unit 20 is able to analyze the behavior of animals A over the long term in order to determine the individual behavioral profile of each animal.

In this example, the processor 25 can integrate learning algorithms of the "machine learning" and / or "deep learning" (Artificial Intelligence) type to produce more information related to the changes of activity and to. the overall condition of the animal.

In other words, the information in particular relating to the behavioral states detected and / or the level of perceived brightness and / or the comfort parameter associated with the well-being of said animal as a function of the relative humidity RH actually felt calculated during the processing step S5 are used by learning algorithms of the "machine learning" type and / or a. deep learning "to produce more information related to activity changes and the animal's overall condition

One of the advantages of the present invention is thus its capacity to provide information on the possible causes of change of activity, and, therefore, the assurance of assistance to the decision of the breeder in a more precise way than in the case of existing solutions.

It should be observed that this detailed description relates to a particular embodiment of the present invention, but that in no case does this description have any limiting character to the subject of the invention, quite the contrary, it has for objective of removing any possible imprecision or any misinterpretation of the following claims.

It should also be observed that the reference signs put in brackets in the claims which follow are in no way limiting; the sole purpose of these signs is to improve the intelligibility and understanding of the claims which follow, as well as the scope of the protection sought.

Claims (20)

1. Method for monitoring the well-being and / or comfort of a farm animal (A) such as, for example, a bovine, said method implemented by computer means comprising the following steps: a) a first measurement (SI) during which a temperature probe (11) positioned on said farm animal (A) is measured a temperature of the ambient air on said animal (A) , noted T _V ac_m; b) a second measurement (S2) during which a humidity sensor (12) positioned on said animal (A) is measured, a humidity of the ambient air on said animal (A), noted HR _goes cm; c) a collection (S3) of information relating to the temperature and humidity measured on said animal (A) by a central unit (20) to generate (S4) respectively a temperature data item (DT) containing information relating to the temperature T _V ac_m measured and a humidity datum (DH) containing information relating to the measured humidity RH _va c _m ; d) a processing (S5) by said central unit (20) of said temperature (DT) and humidity (DH) data to calculate, as a function of the measured temperature T _va c_m, of the measured humidity HR _{vac m} and a temperature T _vac _r felt by the animal, a relative humidity actually felt by said animal (A), denoted HR; and e) a determination (S6) of a comfort parameter associated with the well-being of said animal as a function of the relative humidity RH actually felt calculated during the treatment step (S5) to assess well-being and / or the comfort of said animal. 2. Method according to claim 1, in which the temperature T _vac _r felt by the animal is estimated by a measurement of a reference temperature Texi of the ambient air measured at a determined reference point 3. Method according to claim 2, the animal (A) being housed in a stable, wherein said reference temperature T | _XL of the ambient air corresponds to a temperature measured beforehand at a reference point located inside said stable. 4. Method according to claim 2, said animal (A) being left in pasture in the open air outside a stable, in which said reference temperature T | _XL of the ambient air corresponds to a temperature of the ambient air measured beforehand at a reference point situated outside said stable. 5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which, during the treatment step (S5), the calculation of the relative humidity RH actually felt by said animal (A) comprises: a) a first calculation (S5_l) of the density of water vapor near said animal, noted p_vac; and b) a second calculation (S5_2) of the maximum possible density of water vapor for the temperature T vac_i> denoted p_max. 6. Method according to claim 5, in which the relative humidity RH actually felt by said animal (A) is calculated according to the following formula: HR p_vac p_max 100% 7. The method of claim 5 or 6, wherein the density of water vapor near said animal p_vac is calculated according to the following formula: 217 e_vac ^P - ^{VaC =} (T _{vac m} + 273.15) and, in which the maximum possible density of water vapor p_max for the temperature Tvacj is calculated according to the following formula: 217 E_vac_r ^Ρ - ™ ^{Χ =} (T _{vac r} + 273.15) where e_vac and E_vac_r correspond respectively to the partial pressure of the vapor in the air next to the animal (A) and the maximum possible pressure of the vapor in air for temperature T vac_r. 8. Method according to claim 7, in which the maximum possible pressure E_vac_r of steam in the air for the temperature T _V ac_r is calculated according to the following formula: _z 18.74'T _{vac r} —115.72 _λ , E_vac_r = exp ( _{77 Q} ---) when T _va c_r is between -60 C and OC; or / τUjOOÂ'lyac r 1 f ^ 7.τ —11 ζ 7? E_vac_r = exp ('-) when T _V ac_r is between 0 ° C and 83 ° C. Luo ,! / τ U, y y / 1 vac r 9. The method of claim 7 or 8, wherein the partial pressure e_vac of the vapor in the air next to the animal (A) is calculated according to the following formula: e_vac = HRvacm ‘E_vac_m ÏÔÔ% where E_vac_m corresponds to the maximum pressure of the vapor in the air next to the animal (A). 10. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the step of determining a comfort parameter associated with the well-being of the animal comprises a calculation of a temperature-humidity index, noted THI, in function of the temperature T _V ac_r felt by the animal and of the relative humidity RH. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the THI index is calculated according to the following formula: THI = (1.8T _vacr + 32) - [(0.55 - 0.0055 HR) x (1.8 T _{vac r} - 26.81)] 12. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, which comprises a third measurement during which a luminosity perceived by said animal is measured using a photosensitive sensor positioned on said animal, said perceived luminosity being taken into consideration. in the assessment of animal welfare. 13. The method of claim 12 attached to at least any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein it is determined whether the animal (A) is inside or outside a building depending on the measured brightness. 14. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, which comprises a fourth measurement during which the activity of said animal is measured using a motion sensor positioned on said animal, said activity of the animal being taken into consideration in the evaluation of the animal's well-being and / or comfort. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein at least one state of behavior of said animal is determined as a function of the activity of the animal. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein said at least one behavioral state is of the type: rumination, ingestion, rest, medium activity, high activity, reproduction period. 17. Computer program comprising instructions suitable for carrying out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 16 when said computer program is executed by at least one processor. 18. Recording medium readable by a computer on which a computer program is recorded comprising instructions for the execution of the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 16. 19. Electronic monitoring system (100) for the welfare and / or comfort of a farm animal (A) such as for example a bovine, said system (100) comprising: a portable measurement module (10) positioned on said animal (A) and comprising: a) a temperature probe (11) configured to measure a temperature of the ambient air on said animal (A), denoted T _V ac_m; and b) a humidity sensor (12) configured to measure a humidity of the ambient air on said animal (A), denoted HR _va cm; a central unit (20) remote from the animal (A) and comprising: c) a generation circuit (22) configured to collect information relating to the temperature and humidity measured on said animal (A) and to generate according to said collected information at least one temperature data (DT) containing relative information at the temperature T _V ac_m measured and at least one humidity datum (DH) containing information relating to the measured humidity RH _va cm; d) a processing circuit (23) of said temperature (DT) and humidity (DH) data to calculate, as a function of the measured temperature T _V ac_m, of the measured humidity HR _V ac _m and of a temperature T _V ac_r felt by the animal, a relative humidity RH actually felt by said animal; and 5 e) a processor (24) configured to determine a comfort parameter associated with the well-being of said animal (A) as a function of the relative humidity RH actually felt calculated in order to assess the well-being and / or comfort of said animal animal. 20. The system (100) according to claim 19, which comprises computer means 10 configured for the implementation of the steps of the method according to any one of claims 2 to 16.