FR3079446A1 - Procede de renforcement de plaque thermoplastique - Google Patents

Procede de renforcement de plaque thermoplastique Download PDF

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Publication number
FR3079446A1
FR3079446A1 FR1870348A FR1870348A FR3079446A1 FR 3079446 A1 FR3079446 A1 FR 3079446A1 FR 1870348 A FR1870348 A FR 1870348A FR 1870348 A FR1870348 A FR 1870348A FR 3079446 A1 FR3079446 A1 FR 3079446A1
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France
Prior art keywords
thermoplastic
reinforcing
plate
joinery
solar panels
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Withdrawn
Application number
FR1870348A
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English (en)
Inventor
Francois Geli
Benedicte Geli
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Priority to FR1870348A priority Critical patent/FR3079446A1/fr
Publication of FR3079446A1 publication Critical patent/FR3079446A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/82—Forcing wires, nets or the like partially or completely into the surface of an article, e.g. by cutting and pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/18—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C43/183—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles the preformed layer being a lining, e.g. shaped in the mould before compression moulding, or a preformed shell adapted to the shape of the mould
    • B29C43/184—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles the preformed layer being a lining, e.g. shaped in the mould before compression moulding, or a preformed shell adapted to the shape of the mould shaped by the compression of the material during moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/006—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor for making articles having hollow walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/72—Encapsulating inserts having non-encapsulated projections, e.g. extremities or terminal portions of electrical components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/74—Moulding material on a relatively small portion of the preformed part, e.g. outsert moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/78—Moulding material on one side only of the preformed part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
    • B29D11/0073—Optical laminates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/20—Optical components
    • H02S40/22—Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/0031—Making articles having hollow walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/10—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1412—Infrared [IR] radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/116—Single bevelled joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being bevelled in the joint area
    • B29C66/1162—Single bevel to bevel joints, e.g. mitre joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/524—Joining profiled elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/524—Joining profiled elements
    • B29C66/5243—Joining profiled elements for forming corner connections, e.g. for making window frames or V-shaped pieces
    • B29C66/52431—Joining profiled elements for forming corner connections, e.g. for making window frames or V-shaped pieces with a right angle, e.g. for making L-shaped pieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/74—Moulding material on a relatively small portion of the preformed part, e.g. outsert moulding
    • B29C70/76—Moulding on edges or extremities of the preformed part
    • B29C70/763—Moulding on edges or extremities of the preformed part the edges being disposed in a substantial flat plane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
    • B29D11/00009—Production of simple or compound lenses
    • B29D11/00278—Lenticular sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
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    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/30—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

Une plaque thermoplastique (9) est renforcée en flexion par thermocompression ou thermo-estampage puis fusion avec des profilés pultrudés thermoplastiques (7) à fibres longues ou continues et fabriqués avec une résine thermoplastique à faible viscosité. A des fins de légèreté, lesdits profilés pultrudés thermoplastiques (7) sont limités en masse et en volume. Ladite plaque thermoplastique (9), une fois renforcée en flexion, peut être soumise à transformation ou déformation, du fait de sa thermosoudabilité, de son emboutissabilité et de sa pliabilité à chaud. Ladite résine thermoplastique à faible viscosité peut être obtenue par des polymérisations différentielles du monomère methylméthacrylate MMA et générer un matériau hautement transparent. Lesdites plaques (9) en PMMA peuvent être destinées aux menuiseries (fenêtres, porte-fenêtres, meubles) et aux dispositif d'encapsulation de panneaux solaires, y compris à concentration. Le procédé de l'invention apporte un plus haut débit de fabrication de plaques thermoplastiques renforcées que le placement de fibres robotisé.

Description

INTRODUCTION
Une plaque thermoplastique peut manquer de résistance à la flexion et à la torsion.
La plupart du temps, la méthode de renfort consiste à la rendre solidaire d'une armature métallique, comme à chaque fois que l'on veut renforcer une plaque, de quelque nature qu'elle soit.
Deux besoins notoires concernent le renforcement de menuiseries (fenêtres, porte fenêtres, meubles) de grandes dimensions ou des dispositifs d'encapsulation de panneaux solaires de grandes dimensions.
A côté des renforts métalliques, les propriétés mêmes des matériaux thermoplastiques permettent d'envisager des solutions alternatives, d'une part du fait de leur thermosoudabilité, emboutissabilité et pliabilité à chaud, et d'autre part du fait qu'il existe désormais au moins une résine thermoplastique à faible viscosité. Celle-ci est à base de Methylmethacrylate, génère un matériau transparent, et, de façon singulière, est compatible avec certaines méthodes de fabrication de profilés composites, comme la pultrusion.
Par ailleurs, la demande de brevet « FR1771321 Panneaux thermoplastiques à hautes performances thermiques et lumineuses », émanant des mêmes demandeurs que les auteurs du présent document, décrit des plaques et des caissons en Methylmethacrylate et renforcés de fibres. Toutefois, cette demande de brevet ne décrit pas le présent procédé de renfort de ces plaques et caissons thermoplastiques en Plexiglas ou PolyMethylmethacrylate.
Le Plexiglas ou PolyMethylmethacrylate
Le Polymethyl Méthacrylate ou PM MA, est un polymère du methylmethacrylate. Ses autres noms commerciaux sont Plexiglass, Altuglas, Lucite, Perspex, Setacryl, Crystalite, Nudec, et bien d'autres. Le PMMA peut être moulé par compression, injection, coulée, soufflage et extrusion.
Les feuilles et plaques de PMMA sont facilement thermoformées. Elles peuvent être pleines ou alvéolées.
Certaines plaques de PMMA sont destinées aux panneaux solaires à concentration et intègrent des lentilles destinées à concentrer les rayons du soleil.
On peut facilement le métalliser. Le PMMA peut également être soudé par de nombreuses méthodes, par exemple par ultra-sons.
II existe une large gamme de compositions commerciales qui sont des copolymères avec différents co-monomères autres que le méthacrylate de méthyle.
Avec le développement rapide de la polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée (PRC), un grand nombre de co-polymères blocs comme avec des méthacrylates fluorés ont vu le jour.
Le Butyl méthacrylate parmi d'autres molécules peut être envisagé comme un co-monomère du polymethyl méthacrylate.
Une autre version polymérique du methymethacrylate, obtenue à partir de la résine ELIUM à faible viscosité de la société ARKEMA, ici dénommée résine PMMA-MMA, imprègne très facilement des fibres de renforts au prix de la perte de transparence. Cette résine permet des fabrications de composites avec des techniques telles que la pultrusion jusque-là réservées aux composites thermodurcissables.
Ladite résine thermoplastique à faible viscosité est obtenue par des polymérisations différentielles du monomère methylméthacrylate MMA, ladite résine PMMA-MMA étant décrite entre autres dans les brevets de la société ARKEMA WO2013056845A2, W02014013028A1, WO2014135815, WO2014135816 et WO 2017121750 Al. Ladite résine est commercialisée avec fibres, catalyseurs, additifs, activateurs, monomères de MMA, oligomères de MMA et homo-ou co-polymères de MMA.
Pultrusion et Thermo-compression
Parmi de nombreuses méthodes de fabrication de composites, le présent brevet utilise avant tout la pultrusion et la thermo-compression.
La pultrusion est une technique de fabrication en continu, destinée à créer des profilés de section quelconque et constante, qui consiste à imprégner de résine des fibres longues par passage dans un bain, puis à les tirer à travers une longue filière chauffée qui contrôle la teneur en résine et détermine la forme de la section, le passage dans la filière permettant d'écraser les fuseaux de mèches pré-imprégnées et d'obtenir une imprégnation régulière de la résine en éliminant l'air occlus dans lesdites fibres et à leur jonction, et donc sans les défauts dûs à une porosité ou un excès de résine.
le renfort (tissu, mat, fibres) étant conditionné en bobine,
La principale limitation du procédé, outre les contraintes sur la géométrie des pièces, porte sur les directions des renforts ainsi mis en place.
En effet, la pultrusion installe des renforts axiaux (ce qui conduit à des comportements fortement anisotropes, avec des propriétés mécaniques satisfaisantes en résistance à la flexion, mais non-optimales en ce qui concerne la résistance au fluage et à la compression). Une méthode de fabrication complémentaire existe, dénommée le « pull-winding ».
Le pull-winding consiste à effectuer un enroulement filamentaire autour d'une âme obtenue par pultrusion et permet donc d'obtenir deux directions de renforts.
Le thermo-estampage est une mise en forme selon un procédé discontinu par compression à une pression allant jusqu'à 20 bars, tandis que la thermo-compression est elle aussi une mise en forme selon un procédé discontinu par compression à des pressions de 100 à 300 bars en moyenne, avec un grand écart-type.
II est possible de thermo-comprimer des profilés thermoplastiques pultrudés, voire même des profilés thermoplastiques fabriqués par pull-winding ou enroulement filamentaire.
II est possible de thermo-comprimer des déchêts broyés de produits themoplastiques à fibres longues ou continues ou de valoriser des chutes de production de composites thermoplastiques par le procédé de thermo-compression .
Cf. « Frédéric Ruch « Thermosaïc®, a Patented Technology for Thermoplastic Composite Materials Recycling » communications du CETIM et du CETIM-CERMAT au Salon JEC de Paris en mars 2017. » Cf « Julien Moothoo, Christian Garnier, Pierre Ouagne. Valorisation matière de chutes de production de composites thermoplastiques par le procédé de thermo-compression. Journées Nationales sur les Composites. 2017, Jun 2017, 77455 Champs-sur-Marne, France »
Thermosoudage des Thermoplastiques
L'Etat de l'Art du soudage thermoplastique se rapporte à des technologies diverses dont les principales sont * le soudage par ultra-sons, * le soudage par induction, * le soudage avec résistance, * le soudage par plaques chauffantes, * le soudage par gaz chaud, * le soudage par infra-rouge, * le soudage par laser.
ETAT DE L'ART
Une plaque thermoplastique peut manquer de résistance à la flexion et à la torsion.
Les propriétés mêmes des matériaux thermoplastiques permettent d'envisager des solutions alternatives d'une part du fait de leur thermosoudabilité, emboutissabilité et pliabilité à chaud. Ainsi le placement de fibres au moyen de robots permet d'appliquer des bandes fibreuses imprégnées de résine sur les parties à renforcer.
DESCRIPTION
L'invention met à profit le fait qu'il existe désormais au moins une résine thermoplastique à faible viscosité, et que celle-ci est compatible avec la pultrusion.
Selon l'invention, une plaque thermoplastique (9) est renforcée en flexion par thermocompression puis fusion avec des profilés pultrudés thermoplastiques (7) à fibres longues ou continues et fabriqués avec une résine thermoplastique à faible viscosité.
Le procédé de l'invention apporte un plus haut débit de fabrication de plaques thermoplastiques renforcées que le placement de fibres au moyen de robots, moins performant sur les surfaces planes (tandis que sa supériorité s'exprime plutôt sur des formes en 3D).
Selon une version de l'invention, afin que ladite plaque thermoplastique conserve sa légèreté, lesdits profilés pultrudés thermoplastiques (7) sont limités en masse et en volume.
Selon une version de l'invention, l'épaisseur desdits profilés pultrudés thermoplastiques (7) est inférieure à celle de ladite plaque (9), leur longueur totale additionnelle est limitée à 80% du périmètre de ladite plaque (9), leur surface à plat totale additionnelle est limitée à 15% de la surface totale de ladite plaque (9).
Selon une version de l'invention, des plats thermoplastiques composites à fibres pluri-directionnelles, de préférence issus de récupération et thermo-comprimés ou thermo-estampés accompagnent lesdits profilés pultrudés thermoplastiques (7).
Selon une version de l'invention, ladite plaque thermoplastique (9), une fois renforcée en flexion, est soumise à transformation ou déformation, du fait de sa thermosoudabilité, de son emboutissabilité et de sa pliabilité à chaud.
Selon une version de l'invention, ladite résine thermoplastique à faible viscosité est obtenue par des polymérisations différentielles du monomère methylméthacrylate MMA.
Selon une version de l'invention, lesdites plaques (9) en PMMA sont destinées aux panneaux solaires à concentration et intègrent, selon l'Etat de l'Art, des lentilles destinées à concentrer les rayons du soleil. http://www.totalplastics.com/products/650
FIGURES
La Figure IA représente une plaque thermoplastique (9) et quatre profilés pultrudés thermoplastiques (7) disposés en croix.
La Figure IB représente une plaque thermoplastique (9) et quatre profilés pultrudés thermoplastiques (7) parallèles aux bords de ladite plaque thermoplastique (9).
La Figure IC représente une plaque thermoplastique (9) et, quatre profilés pultrudés thermoplastiques (7) coupés en biseau et disposés de manière à former un cadre.
Les Figures IA, IB et IC montrent que lesdits quatre profilés pultrudés thermoplastiques (7) ont une longueur totale limitée à 80% du périmètre de ladite plaque thermoplastique (9), et une surface à plat totale est limitée à 15% de la surface totale de ladite plaque thermoplastique (9).
La Figure 2A représente une plaque thermoplastique (9), quatre profilés pultrudés thermoplastiques (7) coupés en biseau et disposés de manière à former un cadre, une plaque de thermo-compression (12), et un moule de thermocompression (22).
Les Figures 2A et 2B montrent que le moule de thermocompression (22) reçoit ladite plaque (9) surlaquelle sont disposés les quatre profilés (7).
Les Figures 2C et 2D montrent la thermocompression proprement dite avec application en pression de ladite plaque (12) de thermocompression.
Les Figures 2E et 2F montrent, respectivement avant et après ébarbage, le résultat de thermocompression/fusion, à savoir la plaque (19) qui résulte de la fusion de ladite plaque (9) et des quatre profilés pultrudés (7).

Claims (6)

1) Procédé de renforcement de plaque thermoplastique, par exemple pour le renforcement de menuiseries ou des dispositifs d'encapsulation de panneaux solaires de grandes dimensions, caractérisée en ce qu' une plaque thermoplastique (9) est renforcée en flexion par thermocompression puis fusion avec des profilés pultrudés thermoplastiques (7) à fibres longues ou continues et fabriqués avec une résine thermoplastique à faible viscosité.
2) Procédé de renforcement de plaque thermoplastique, par exemple pour le renforcement de menuiseries ou des dispositifs d'encapsulation de panneaux solaires de grandes dimensions, selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que, afin que ladite plaque thermoplastique (9) renforcée conserve sa légèreté, lesdits profilés pultrudés thermoplastiques (7) sont limités en masse et en volume.
L'épaisseur desdits profilés pultrudés thermoplastiques (7) est inférieure à celle de ladite plaque (9), leur longueur totale additionnelle est limitée à 80% du périmètre de ladite plaque (9), leur surface à plat totale additionnelle est limitée à 15% de la surface totale de ladite plaque (9).
3) Procédé de renforcement de plaque thermoplastique, par exemple pour le renforcement de menuiseries ou des dispositifs d'encapsulation de panneaux solaires de grandes dimensions, selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisée en ce que des plats thermoplastiques composites à fibres pluri-directionnelles, de préférence issus de récupération, et thermo-comprimés ou thermo-estampés, accompagnent lesdits profilés pultrudés thermoplastiques (7).
4) Procédé de renforcement de plaque thermoplastique, par exemple pour le renforcement de menuiseries ou des dispositifs d'encapsulation de panneaux solaires de grandes dimensions, selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que ladite plaque thermoplastique (9), une fois renforcée en flexion, est soumise à transformation ou déformation, du fait sa thermosoudabilité, son emboutissabilité et sa pliabilité à chaud.
5) Procédé de renforcement de plaque thermoplastique, par exemple pour le renforcement de menuiseries ou des dispositifs d'encapsulation de panneaux solaires de grandes dimensions, selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que ladite résine thermoplastique à faible viscosité est obtenue par des polymérisations différentielles du monomère methylméthacrylate MMA.
6) Procédé de renforcement de plaque thermoplastique, par exemple pour le renforcement de menuiseries ou des dispositifs d'encapsulation de panneaux solaires de grandes dimensions, selon la revendication 5, lesdites plaques (9) en PMMA sont destinées aux panneaux solaires à concentration et intègrent, selon l'Etat de l'Art, des lentilles destinées à concentrer les rayons du soleil.
FR1870348A 2018-03-27 2018-03-27 Procede de renforcement de plaque thermoplastique Withdrawn FR3079446A1 (fr)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5213889A (en) * 1981-01-21 1993-05-25 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Fibre-reinforced compositions and methods for producing such compositions
US20020094427A1 (en) * 2001-01-16 2002-07-18 Edwards Christopher M. Thermoplastic composite reinforced thermoform and blow-molded article
EP1342623A1 (fr) * 2002-03-08 2003-09-10 N.V. Bekaert S.A. Poutre de choc renforcé
DE102015013915A1 (de) * 2015-10-27 2017-04-27 Florian Eichenhofer Maschinensystem zur Herstellung eines Hybridbauteils
CN107222153A (zh) * 2017-07-05 2017-09-29 武汉理工大学 一种高倍聚光太阳能热电、光电复合联产组件及组装装置

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5213889A (en) * 1981-01-21 1993-05-25 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Fibre-reinforced compositions and methods for producing such compositions
US5213889B1 (en) * 1981-01-21 1996-10-29 Kawasaki Chem Holding Fibre-reinforced compositions and methods for producing such compositions
US20020094427A1 (en) * 2001-01-16 2002-07-18 Edwards Christopher M. Thermoplastic composite reinforced thermoform and blow-molded article
EP1342623A1 (fr) * 2002-03-08 2003-09-10 N.V. Bekaert S.A. Poutre de choc renforcé
DE102015013915A1 (de) * 2015-10-27 2017-04-27 Florian Eichenhofer Maschinensystem zur Herstellung eines Hybridbauteils
CN107222153A (zh) * 2017-07-05 2017-09-29 武汉理工大学 一种高倍聚光太阳能热电、光电复合联产组件及组装装置

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