FR3074263A1 - HEAT PUMP HEAT PUMP APPARATUS - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a heating apparatus (10), of the type comprising two panels (20, 22) traversed by a heat transfer fluid, facing each other, each of the panels comprising an inlet and a fluid outlet. Each of the first and second panels comprises a plurality of parallel ducts (26, 28) substantially vertically arranged, each duct being fluidly connected to the inlet and outlet of said panel. The inlet of the first panel and the outlet of the second panel are disposed at a low end of the heater; the outlet of the first panel and the entrance of the second panel are disposed at an upper end of the heater and connected to each other; the apparatus is so configured that fluid flows upwardly in the first panel (20) and up and down in the second panel (22).

Description

Heat transfer fluid heater

The present invention relates to a heating device, of the type comprising first and second panels intended to be traversed by a heat-transfer fluid, said first and second panels being opposite one another and arranged in accordance with vertical planes substantially parallel to a horizontal longitudinal direction of the heater, each of said first and second panels comprising a fluid inlet and outlet.

The invention is particularly applicable to heating appliances using hot water as a heat transfer fluid, in particular suitable for installations of the central heating or district heating type.

Heat transfer fluid radiators, as described for example in document DE19815131, typically have two heating panels located opposite each other and fluidly connected.

A parallel connection of the heating panels makes it possible in particular to reduce the pressure losses of the fluid circuits. However, it has the drawback of also heating the front and rear panels, thus generating possible heat loss through a wall to which the radiator is fixed.

A series connection makes it possible to heat the front panel as a priority, but increases the pressure drop phenomenon.

Furthermore, it is known, in particular from the field of electric heating, that heating by infrared radiation has a higher efficiency, in terms of comfort, than convection heating.

The object of the present invention is to solve these problems and to propose a heating device with heat-transfer fluid having optimum efficiency.

To this end, the subject of the invention is a heating device of the aforementioned type, in which each of the first and second panels comprises a plurality of parallel conduits, substantially arranged vertically, each conduit of a first or second panel being fluidly connected to the entry and exit of said panel. The inlet of the first panel and the outlet of the second panel are arranged at a lower end of the heater. The outlet of the first panel and the inlet of the second panel are arranged at one top end of the heater and connected to each other. The device is thus configured so that the fluid circulates from bottom to top in the first panel and from top to bottom in the second panel.

According to other advantageous aspects of the invention, the heating appliance comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken in isolation or in any technically possible combination:

- The lower ends of the parallel conduits of the first and second panels are connected respectively to a distributor channel and to a collecting channel, said distributor and collecting channels being substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction;

- The inlet of the first panel and the outlet of the second panel are arranged at the same first end of the heater in the longitudinal direction; and the outlet of the first panel and the inlet of the second panel are arranged at the same second end of the heater, opposite the first end in the longitudinal direction;

- the first and second panels are spaced apart by a non-zero distance in a horizontal transverse direction, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction;

- The inlet of the first panel or the outlet of the second panel is connected to an additional conduit disposed between the first and second panels in the transverse direction, said additional conduit extending substantially in the longitudinal direction;

- The heater further comprises a layer of a material capable of being traversed by an air flow, said layer being disposed between the first and second panels;

- The heater further comprises a third facade panel formed of a material capable of emitting infrared radiation, said third panel being disposed in thermal contact with the first panel;

- the heater further comprises a layer of thermal insulating material, arranged in contact with the second panel opposite the first panel.

The invention further relates to a heating installation comprising: a device for supplying a heat transfer fluid preferably composed mainly of water, said supply device preferably comprising a device for heating the heat transfer fluid, at least one device heater as described above, fluidly connected to said supply device, and a circulation pump of the heat transfer fluid between the supply device and the heater.

The invention also relates to a method of implementing a heating device as described above, comprising circulating a flow of heat transfer fluid, preferably composed mainly of water, in said heater, said flow flowing from the inlet of the first panel to the outlet of the second panel.

The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of nonlimiting example and made with reference to the drawings in which:

- Figure 1 is a detail view, in section, of a heating device according to an embodiment of the invention, comprising a heating body capable of circulating a heat transfer fluid;

- Figure 2 is a front view of the heater body of the apparatus of Figure 1;

- Figures 3 and 4 are detailed perspective views of the heater body of Figure 2;

- Figure 5 is a detail view, in profile, of the heater body of Figure 2; and

- Figure 6 is a schematic representation of a heating installation according to an embodiment of the invention.

Figure 1 shows a sectional view of a heater 10 according to an embodiment of the invention. We consider an orthonormal base (X, Y, Z), the direction Z representing the vertical. The heater 10 is in particular intended to be fixed to a wall (not shown) substantially arranged in a plane (X, Z).

The heater 10 comprises a front plate 12, a rear plate 14 and a heating body 16. The front plate 12 and the rear plate 14 are substantially planar, arranged in planes (X, Z), the direction X representing a longitudinal direction of the apparatus 10. The rear plate 14 is intended to be oriented towards the vertical wall to which the apparatus is fixed 10. The heating body 16 is disposed between the front plate 12 and the rear plate 14 in direction Y, which represents a transverse direction of the device 10.

The front plate 12 is preferably formed of a radiating material, that is to say capable of emitting infrared radiation during a rise in temperature of said material. Such a radiating material is for example chosen from metal, glass or stone.

The heating body 16 is configured to receive a circulation of heat transfer fluid, said fluid preferably comprising a majority of water in the liquid state. The heating body 16 is shown in isolation in FIGS. 2 to 5.

The heating body 16 is made of a material promoting heat exchange, such as a metal.

The heating body 16 comprises a first panel 20, or front panel, and a second panel 22, or rear panel. The front 20 and rear 22 panels are opposite one another, that is to say substantially aligned in the transverse direction Y, each of said panels being substantially arranged in a plane (X, Z ) separate. According to Y, the front 20 and rear 22 panels are disposed respectively on the side of the front plate 12 and of the rear plate 14.

The front panels 20 and rear 22 are spaced apart by a distance 24 along Y.

Each of the front 20 and rear 22 panels comprises a plurality of parallel conduits 26, 28, substantially arranged vertically. In the embodiment shown, each conduit 26 of the front panel 20 is substantially coplanar with a conduit 28 of the rear panel 22 in a plane (Y, Z).

Preferably, the front 20 and rear panels 22 comprise a substantially equal number of parallel conduits 26, 28. By way of example, each of the front 20 and rear panels 22 comprises between three and twenty parallel conduits 26, 28.

Each of the front 20 and rear 22 panels further comprises a front 30 or rear 32 distributor channel, and a front 34 or rear 36 collecting channel, to which the ends of their respective parallel conduits 26, 28 are connected. The distributor channels 30, 32 and collectors 34, 36 are substantially arranged in the longitudinal direction X.

The front distributing channel 30 and the front collecting channel 34 respectively form a low end and a high end of the front panel 20. The rear distributing channel 32 and the rear collecting channel 36 respectively form a high end and a low end of the rear panel 22.

One end along X of the front distributor channel 30 forms a fluid inlet 40 for the front panel 20. The opposite end of said front distributor channel 30 is connected by an elbow to a vertical conduit 26.

One end along X of the rear collecting channel 36 forms a fluid outlet 42 for the rear panel 22. The inlet 40 and the outlet 42 are substantially opposite one another along Y. The end opposite of the rear collecting channel 36 is connected by an elbow to a vertical duct 28.

One end along X of the front collecting channel 34 and one end along X of the rear distributor channel 32, substantially opposite one another along Y, are connected by a fluid connection 44. According to X, said connection fluidic 44 is located opposite the inlet 40 and the outlet 42.

In the embodiment shown, the inlet 40 is connected to an additional conduit 46 for supplying fluid, said additional conduit extending substantially along X and being disposed between the front panels 20 and rear 22. One end of said additional conduit 46 forms an elbow 48 which makes it possible to connect the heating body 16 to an inlet for heat transfer fluid. Such a configuration makes it possible, on the wall fixed to the apparatus 10, to move the fluid supply and evacuation connections away from one another.

According to a variant not shown, it is the outlet 42 which is connected to an additional duct for discharging the heat transfer fluid.

Optionally, the device 10 comprises a layer of open material 50 disposed between the front panels 20 and rear 22. By "open material" is meant a material capable of being traversed by a flow of air circulating vertically . The open material 50 is intended to promote a heat exchange of the front panel 20, and especially of the rear panel 22, with the air circulating by convection between said front panels 20 and rear 22. The open material 50 is for example an open metal structure open foam type, honeycomb structure or fin structure. As a variant, the distance 24 between the front 20 and rear 22 panels is empty, leaving the air circulation free.

Preferably, the apparatus 10 further comprises a layer of a thermally conductive material 52, disposed between the front panel 20 and the front plate 12. The material 52 is for example a profile, a plate or a film, based of metal, graphite, or even grease or thermal gel.

Preferably, the apparatus 10 further comprises a layer of a thermally insulating material 54, disposed between the rear panel 22 and the rear sheet 14. The material 54 is for example based on silicone or glass wool.

FIG. 6 schematically represents a heating installation 100 comprising one or more heating devices 10 as described above. The installation 100 is for example of central heating or district heating type.

The installation 100 includes a device 102 for supplying a heat transfer fluid preferably composed mainly of water. The heat transfer fluid is for example pure water or water comprising an additive of the glycol type.

The device 102 is for example a boiler connected to a water supply, capable of supplying hot water.

The installation 100 further comprises a circuit 104 of heat transfer fluid, connecting the device 102 to the various heating devices 10. Preferably, said devices 10 are arranged on parallel branches 106 of the circuit 104. The installation 100 further comprises at minus a circulation pump 108, allowing the movement of the heat transfer fluid in the circuit 104.

A method of implementing the apparatus 10 described above, for example incorporated into the installation 100 described above, will now be described.

A flow of heat transfer fluid loaded with calories is circulated between the inlet 40 and the outlet 42 of the heating body 16 of the device 10. The heat transfer fluid first moves in the front distributor channel 30 and is distributed in the parallel conduits 26 of the front panel 20. During the movement in said parallel conduits 26, the heat transfer fluid transfers heat to the front plate 12, via the thermally conductive material 52, as well as to the open material 50 .

The heat transfer fluid flowing from bottom to top in the front panel 20, the heat exchange is favored with the bottom of the front plate 12. Such a configuration promotes a homogeneous temperature rise of said front plate, therefore better efficiency radiant heating. In addition, it limits convective front exchanges.

At the outlet of the parallel conduits 26, the heat transfer fluid joins the front collecting channel 34 and reaches the fluid connection 44 with the rear panel 22. It should be noted that, the inlet 40 and the fluid connection 44 being located opposite l 'from one another along X, the coolant travels a substantially equal distance regardless of the conduit 26 taken. Such a configuration favors the hydraulic balancing of the front panel 20, the flow of heat-transfer fluid thus being substantially equal in each conduit 26.

Through the fluid connection 44, the heat transfer fluid then enters the rear distributor channel 32 and is distributed in the parallel conduits 28 of the rear panel 22. During the movement in said parallel conduits 28, the heat transfer fluid transfers heat essentially to the open material 50. Indeed, the thermally insulating material 54 prevents heat exchange with the rear sheet 14.

The heat transfer fluid flows from top to bottom in the rear panel 22, ie against the current of the air circulating by convection in the open material 50. This counter-current circulation promotes the efficiency of convection heating.

At the outlet of the parallel conduits 28, the heat transfer fluid joins the rear collecting channel 36 and reaches the outlet 42. As before, the fluid connection 44 and the outlet 42 being located opposite each other along X, the coolant travels a substantially equal distance regardless of the conduit 28 taken. The hydraulic balancing of the rear panel 22 is thus favored.

Furthermore, in the apparatus 10, radiant heating is preferred over convection heating, insofar as the heat transfer fluid loaded with calories first passes through the front panel 20 co-current with respect to the flow of convection air, and then the rear panel 22. Homogeneous heating of the front plate 12 is thus favored in relation to the efficiency of the heat exchange between the front panel 20 and the air flow between the front panels and back.

Claims (10)

1. -Heating apparatus (10, 16) comprising a first (20) and a second (22) panels intended to be traversed by a heat transfer fluid, said first and second panels being opposite one of the 'other and arranged in vertical planes (X, Z) substantially parallel to a horizontal longitudinal direction (X) of the heater, each of said first and second panels comprising an inlet (40, 44) and an outlet (44, 42) of fluid, characterized in that: each of the first and second panels comprises a plurality of parallel conduits (26, 28), substantially arranged vertically, each conduit of a first or second panel being fluidly connected to the inlet and the outlet of said panel, - the inlet (40) of the first panel and the outlet (42) of the second panel are arranged at a lower end of the heater, - The outlet of the first panel and the inlet of the second panel are arranged at an upper end of the heating appliance and connected (44) to each other, the appliance thus being configured so that the fluid circulates from bottom to top in the first panel (20) and top to bottom in the second panel (22). 2, - A heater according to claim 1, wherein the lower ends of the parallel conduits (26, 28) of the first and second panels are connected respectively to a distributor channel (30, 32) and to a collecting channel (34, 36 ), said distributor and collector channels being substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction (X). 3. - A heating appliance according to claim 2, in which: - The inlet (40) of the first panel and the outlet (42) of the second panel are arranged at the same first end of the heater in the longitudinal direction (X); and - The outlet of the first panel and the inlet of the second panel are arranged at the same second end (44) of the heater, opposite the first end in the longitudinal direction. 4, - A heater according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and second panels are spaced apart by a distance (24) non-zero in a horizontal transverse direction (Y), perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. 5. - A heater according to claim 4 taken in combination with claim 3, wherein the inlet (40) of the first panel or the outlet of the second panel is connected to an additional conduit (46) disposed between the first and second panels in the transverse direction (Y), said additional duct extending substantially in the longitudinal direction (X). 6. - A heater (10) according to claim 4 or claim 5, further comprising a layer of a material (50) capable of being traversed by an air flow, said layer being disposed between the first and second panels. 7. - A heater (10) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a third facade panel (12), formed of a material capable of emitting infrared radiation, said third panel being disposed in thermal contact ( 52) with the first panel (20). 8. - A heater (10) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a layer of thermal insulating material (54), disposed in contact with the second panel (22) opposite the first panel. 9. - Heating installation (100) comprising: - a device (102) for supplying a heat transfer fluid preferably composed mainly of water, said supply device preferably comprising a device for heating the heat transfer fluid, - at least one heating device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, fluidly connected to said supply device, and - a pump (108) for circulating the heat transfer fluid between the supply device and the heating appliance. 10. - A method of implementing a heating device (10) according to one of claims 1 to 8, comprising circulating a flow of heat transfer fluid, preferably composed mainly of water, in said heater, said flow flowing from the inlet (40) of the first panel to the outlet (42) of the second panel.