FR3071682A1 - METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE WITH CONTROL OF THE INTER-SERIAL DISTANCE OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS - Google Patents

Abstract

The main object of the invention is a method of manufacturing a photovoltaic module comprising a first layer, a plurality of photovoltaic cells (4) arranged in series (S), two adjacent series (S) being separated from one inter-series distance (DS), an encapsulating assembly, and a second layer, the encapsulating assembly and the photovoltaic cells (4) being located between the first and second layers, characterized in that the manufacturing method comprises a control step of the inter-series distance (DS) between two adjacent series (S) of photovoltaic cells (4) consisting in applying an electrically insulating adhesive (8) between the permanent series (S) of photovoltaic cells (4) in such a way that that the series (S) are integral with each other, before any assembly step of the constituent layers of the photovoltaic module.

Description

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A PHOTO VOLTAIC MODULE WITH INTERSERIAL DISTANCE CONTROL OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS

DESCRIPTION

TECHNICAL AREA

The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic modules, which comprise a set of photovoltaic cells connected to each other electrically, and preferably so-called “crystalline” photovoltaic cells, that is to say which are based on monocrystalline or multicrystalline silicon.

The invention can be implemented for many applications, in particular for buildings such as habitats or industrial premises (tertiary, commercial, etc.), for example for the production of their roofs, for the design of urban furniture, for example for public lighting, road signs or even recharging of electric cars, or even be used for nomadic applications, in particular for integration on cars, buses or boats, among others.

The invention thus provides a method of manufacturing a photovoltaic module comprising the step of controlling the inter-series distance between two adjacent series of photovoltaic cells, as well as a photovoltaic module obtained by such a method.

PRIOR STATE OF THE ART

A photovoltaic module is an assembly of photovoltaic cells arranged side by side between a first transparent layer forming a front face of the photovoltaic module and a second layer forming a rear face of the photovoltaic module.

The first layer forming the front face of the photovoltaic module is advantageously transparent to allow the photovoltaic cells to receive a light flux. It is traditionally produced in a single glass plate, having a thickness typically between 2 and 4 mm, conventionally of the order of 3 mm.

The second layer forming the rear face of the photovoltaic module can for its part be made on the basis of glass or metal, among others. It is often formed by a polymer structure based on an electrical insulating polymer, for example of the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyamide (PA) type, which can be protected by one or more layers based on fluorinated polymers, such as polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and having a thickness of the order of 400 μm.

Photovoltaic cells, in the form of thin plates of around 200 μm in thickness, can be electrically connected to one another (interconnected) by front and rear electrical contact elements, called connecting conductors, and formed for example by tapes, or ribbons, or wires of tinned copper, respectively arranged against the front faces (faces lying opposite the front face of the photovoltaic module intended to receive a light flux) and rear (faces lying opposite the rear face of the photovoltaic module) of each of the photovoltaic cells.

Furthermore, the photovoltaic cells, located between the first and second layers respectively forming the front and rear faces of the photovoltaic module, can be encapsulated. Conventionally, the encapsulant chosen corresponds to a polymer of the elastomer (or rubber) type, and may for example consist of the use of two layers (or films) of poly (ethylene vinyl acetate) (EVA) between which the photovoltaic cells and the cell connection conductors are arranged. Each layer of encapsulant may have a thickness of at least 0.2 mm and a Young's modulus typically between 2 and 400 MPa at room temperature.

There has thus been shown partially and schematically, respectively in section in FIG. 1 and in exploded view in FIG. 2, a conventional example of a photovoltaic module 1 comprising crystalline photovoltaic cells 4.

As described above, the photovoltaic module 1 comprises a front face 2, generally made of transparent tempered glass with a thickness of approximately 3 mm, and a rear face 5, for example constituted by a polymer sheet, opaque or transparent, monolayer or multilayer , having a Young's modulus greater than 400 MPa at room temperature.

Between the front 2 and rear 5 faces of the photovoltaic module 1 are located the photovoltaic cells 4, electrically connected to each other by connecting conductors 6 and immersed between two front layers 3a and rear 3b of encapsulation material both forming a whole encapsulating 3.

Furthermore, Figures 1 and 2 also show the junction box 7 of the photovoltaic module 1, intended to receive the wiring necessary for the operation of the module and connecting the copper strips of the photovoltaic cell circuit. Conventionally, this junction box 7 is made of plastic or rubber, and has a complete seal. Finally, although not shown in Figures 1 and 2, an aluminum frame is provided around all of the layers described above to finalize the photovoltaic module.

As indicated previously, the standard interconnection of the photovoltaic cells 4 in a photovoltaic module 1 is done using copper tapes or wires 6 which are soldered or glued on the screen printing. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the photovoltaic cells 4 are then grouped into series S of interconnected photovoltaic cells 4, also called “strings” according to the English name.

FIG. 3 schematically and partially illustrates, in top view, the relative arrangement between the photovoltaic cells 4 and the copper strips or wires 6, as well as the formation of the S series of photovoltaic cells 4. As can be seen in this figure 3 and also in FIG. 2, the series S of cells 4 are spaced by an inter-series distance DS which is generally of the order of 2 to 3 mm.

However, this space between the series S of photovoltaic cells 4 causes a drop in the efficiency of a photovoltaic panel insofar as it represents a surface which is not active. It thus appears desirable to be able to control, in particular decrease, the distance DS between the S series of photovoltaic cells 4 in a photovoltaic module 1.

STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

The object of the invention is to at least partially remedy the needs mentioned above and the drawbacks relating to the embodiments of the prior art.

According to one of its aspects, the subject of the invention is therefore a method of manufacturing a photovoltaic module comprising:

a first transparent layer forming the front face of the photovoltaic module, intended to receive a light flux,

- a plurality of photovoltaic cells arranged side by side and electrically connected to each other, the photovoltaic cells being arranged in series, or “strings” according to the English name, of photovoltaic cells, two adjacent series being separated by an inter- series,

- an assembly encapsulating the plurality of photovoltaic cells,

a second layer forming the rear face of the photovoltaic module, the encapsulating assembly and the plurality of photovoltaic cells being located between the first and second layers, characterized in that the manufacturing process comprises a control step, in particular a step of reducing , the inter-series distance between two adjacent series of photovoltaic cells consisting in applying an electrically permanent insulating adhesive between the adjacent series of photovoltaic cells so that the series are integral with each other, before any step d 'assembly of the constituent layers of the photovoltaic module.

By "permanent adhesive" is meant that the adhesive constitutes a constituent element of the photovoltaic module. In other words, it is present during the manufacture of the module, and present in the photovoltaic module once manufactured.

In addition, the term "transparent" means that the material of the first layer forming the front face of the photovoltaic module is at least partially transparent to visible light, allowing at least about 80% of this light to pass.

In addition, by the term “encapsulant” or “encapsulated”, it should be understood that the plurality of photovoltaic cells is arranged in a volume, for example hermetically sealed with respect to liquids, at least partly formed by at least one layer composed of a polymer material called encapsulation. In general, at least two encapsulation layers are used, placed on either side of the photovoltaic cells and joined together after assembly, in particular by lamination, to form the assembly encapsulating the cells. Thus, initially, that is to say before any assembly operation, the encapsulating assembly may consist of at least two layers of encapsulation material, called core layers, between which the plurality of photovoltaic cells is encapsulated. . However, during the assembly operation, the encapsulation material (s) melt to form, after the assembly operation, only one solidified layer (or assembly) in which the photovoltaic cells are embedded or encapsulated.

Thanks to the invention, it may thus be possible to better control the distance between the photovoltaic cells from one series of cells to another, and in particular to reduce this distance, so that the overall efficiency of the photovoltaic module can be improved. . More specifically, the invention can allow the series of photovoltaic cells to be brought together in a photovoltaic module so that the inter-series distance can go up to being less than or equal to 50 μm. The use of an electrically insulating adhesive to secure the series of photovoltaic cells together can make it possible to avoid any overlapping of the series between them during assembly, which can typically occur when the series are arranged too close to one another. . In addition, the use of an electrically insulating adhesive can avoid any phenomenon of short circuit between the photovoltaic cells. In addition, advantageously, the electrically insulating adhesive can act as a spring preventing damage to the photovoltaic cells during assembly.

The manufacturing method according to the invention may also include one or more of the following characteristics taken in isolation or according to any possible technical combination.

The electrically insulating adhesive, applied before its implementation to secure the series, can be in liquid form or in solid form. This liquid or solid state of the electrically insulating adhesive is that before its implementation because, after the series has been joined to one another, the adhesive is solid. The choice of an electrically insulating adhesive in liquid or solid form, before implementation, may depend on the type of material used for this adhesive.

Preferably, the electrically insulating adhesive may be in the form of a polymeric encapsulation material, in particular chosen from: poly (ethylene vinyl acetate) (EVA), ionomers, polyolefins, vinyl acetals , such as polyvinylbutyrals (PVB), polydimethylsiloxanes, polyurethanes (PU), or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), ethylene methyl acrylate (EMA), ethylene butylacrylate (EBA), ethylene propylene (EPM / EPDM), among others.

These polymeric encapsulation materials are conventionally used as encapsulation materials in the field of photovoltaic modules, that is to say materials ensuring the encapsulation of photovoltaic cells between the layers forming the front and rear faces.

The electrically insulating adhesive can also be a material chosen from: PU-acrylate copolymers crosslinkable by ultraviolet (UV) or by electron beam (EB), epoxy adhesives, acrylic adhesives, between other.

The electrically insulating adhesive can be applied by points, in other words punctually, between the series of photovoltaic cells, on the edges of the photovoltaic cells, in particular at at least one point, preferably at at least two distinct points, along the length of the series.

In addition, the electrically insulating adhesive can be applied over the entire length of the series of photovoltaic cells by increasing the length of each connection point, in particular for bonding, and / or by increasing the number of connection points, in particular for bonding. .

When applying the electrically insulating adhesive, the interseries distance between two adjacent series of photovoltaic cells can for example be between 1 μιτι and 10 mm, preferably between 10 μιτι and 2 mm.

Furthermore, once the electrically insulating adhesive has been applied between the series of photovoltaic cells, the manufacturing process may include a heating step, in particular in the case of an electrically insulating adhesive in solid form, and / or irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) radiation, in particular in the case of an electrically applied insulating adhesive in liquid form.

The step of assembling the constituent layers of the photovoltaic module can for example be a lamination step, or even a step of assembling the module by liquid encapsulation as described in international application WO 2014/192010 A1.

According to a first embodiment, the method can include the following successive steps:

- alignment of the series of photovoltaic cells one parallel to the other with a predetermined inter-series distance,

- application of the electrically insulating adhesive between the adjacent series of photovoltaic cells,

-solidarization of the series of photovoltaic cells together by heating and / or by irradiation under ultraviolet (UV) radiation,

- Assembling, in particular by stacking then by hot lamination, of all of the layers making up the photovoltaic module, in particular of the assembly formed by the first layer, the encapsulating assembly, the photovoltaic cells and the second layer.

In addition, according to a second exemplary embodiment, the method may include the following successive steps:

stacking of the first layer and of a first layer of the encapsulating assembly,

positioning and alignment of the series of photovoltaic cells one parallel to the other with a predetermined inter-series distance on the first layer of the encapsulating assembly,

- application of the electrically insulating adhesive between the adjacent series of photovoltaic cells,

- joining of the series of photovoltaic cells together by heating and / or by irradiation under ultraviolet (UV) radiation,

- Assembling, in particular by stacking then by hot lamination, of the remaining assembly of the constituent layers of the photovoltaic module, in particular of the assembly formed by the second layer of the encapsulating assembly and the second layer.

Heating can be carried out at a temperature between 100 ° C and 180 ° C for a period between 1 min and 10 h, preferably at a temperature between 140 ° C and 160 ° C for a period between 3 min and 30 min.

In addition, the hot lamination step can be carried out at a temperature greater than or equal to 120 ° C. and for a duration of the lamination cycle of at least 10 minutes.

In addition, the invention also relates, according to another of its aspects, to a photovoltaic module obtained by means of a manufacturing process as defined above, characterized in that the inter-series distance between the adjacent series of photovoltaic cells is less than or equal to 100 pm, preferably less than or equal to 50 pm.

The first layer can be made of glass, or alternatively of at least one polymeric material, such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), impregnated glass or carbon fibers, among others. The second layer can be made of glass, metal or at least one polymeric material such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), impregnated glass or carbon fibers, among others.

In addition, the encapsulating assembly can preferably be produced from two layers of poly (ethylene-vinyl acetate) (EVA) between which the photovoltaic cells are arranged.

The photovoltaic cells can be chosen from: homojunction or heterojunction photovoltaic cells based on monocrystalline silicon (c-Si) and / or multi-crystalline (mc-Si), and / or photovoltaic cells comprising at least one material from silicon amorphous (a-Si), microcrystalline silicon (pC-Si), cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper-indium selenide (CIS) and copper-indium / gallium diselenide (CIGS), among others. Furthermore, the photovoltaic cells can have a thickness of between 1 and 300 μm.

The photovoltaic module can also include a junction box, intended to receive the wiring necessary for the operation of the photovoltaic module.

Furthermore, even though the first layer forming the front face of the photovoltaic module is transparent, the second layer forming the rear face of the photovoltaic module may or may not be transparent, being in particular opaque.

The manufacturing process and the photovoltaic module according to the invention may include any of the previously stated characteristics, taken in isolation or in any technically possible combination with other characteristics.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be better understood on reading the detailed description which follows, of non-limiting examples of implementation thereof, as well as on examining the figures, schematic and partial, of the appended drawing, on which :

FIG. 1 represents, in section, a conventional example of a photovoltaic module comprising crystalline photovoltaic cells,

- Figure 2 shows, in exploded view, the photovoltaic module of Figure

1

FIG. 3 schematically and partially illustrates, in top view, the relative arrangement between the photovoltaic cells and the connection conductors, as well as the formation of the series of photovoltaic cells, for a photovoltaic module similar to that of FIG. 1,

FIG. 4 is a view similar to that of FIG. 3 making it possible to illustrate the manufacturing process according to the invention by a control resulting in a decrease in the inter-series distance of photovoltaic cells,

FIG. 5 illustrates, in the form of a flowchart, a first example of a manufacturing process according to the invention, and

- Figure 6 illustrates, in the form of a flowchart, a second example of a manufacturing process according to the invention.

Throughout these figures, identical references may designate identical or analogous elements.

In addition, the different parts shown in the figures are not necessarily shown on a uniform scale, to make the figures more readable.

DETAILED PRESENTATION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS

Figures 1, 2 and 3 have already been described in the section relating to the state of the prior art. It should be noted that the photovoltaic module 1 obtained by the manufacturing method according to the invention may include constituent layers similar to those described with reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3, which are therefore not necessarily described again.

FIG. 4 illustrates schematically and partially, in top view, the relative arrangement between the photovoltaic cells 4 and the connection conductors 6, as well as the formation of the S series of photovoltaic cells 4, for a photovoltaic module 1 obtained by a manufacturing method according to the invention, for example according to the first example of Figure 5 or according to the second example of Figure 6 described below.

It should be noted that, for each photovoltaic module 1 obtained by means of the manufacturing process in accordance with the invention, the photovoltaic cells 4 can be interconnected by tapes or wires of tinned copper welded or glued, and are preferably cells " crystalline ", that is to say which are based on mono or multicrystalline silicon. They can also have a thickness of between 1 and 300 μm.

According to the invention, the series S of photovoltaic cells 4, which are usually spaced from one another by an inter-series distance DS of between 2 and 3 mm, are here joined, in particular by gluing, to each other by means of an electrically insulating adhesive 8, before any assembly step of the module, and in particular any lamination step in the case of an assembly by lamination, in particular by hot lamination. In this way, it is possible to avoid their overlapping during the assembly step and to bring them together.

The predetermined inter-series distance DS between the adjacent series S, before the application of the adhesive 8, is for example between 1 μm and 10 mm, and preferably between 10 μm and 2 mm. This distance DS can be fixed by the thickness of the material used in the case of an adhesive 8 applied in solid form or even using shims or a robotic positioning of the S series in the case of an adhesive. 8 applied in liquid form.

The application of the adhesive 8 can be done in different ways. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the adhesive 8 can be applied by points between the series S. In this example, six points of adhesive 8 are applied along the length of the series S, in particular three points d adhesive 8 per photovoltaic cell 4, applied to the edges of the cells 4, namely a point in the upper part, a point in the middle and a point in the lower part of each cell. These adhesive 8 application points are distinct from each other, and preferably regularly spaced from each other. It is also possible to provide for an application of the adhesive 8 over the entire length of the series S by an increase in the length of the application points and / or an increase in the number of application points of the adhesive 8.

In addition, the dispensing of adhesive 8 can be done only on certain photovoltaic cells 4 of the S series, for example one cell in two, even one cell in three, etc.

Furthermore, the adhesive 8 used and which will be applied may be in a solid form or a liquid form. Preferably, the adhesive 8 is an encapsulating polymer material, in particular for the field of photovoltaic modules.

Encapsulants come in different viscosities for application in the field of photovoltaic modules, from solid to liquid state. The encapsulants can thus be mainly in the form of a solid sheet, such as for example: poly (ethylene-vinyl acetate) (EVA), ethylene-methyl acrylate (EMA), ethylene butylacrylate (EBA), ethylene-propylene (EPM / EPDM), ionomers, polyolefins and vinyl acetals, such as polyvinylbutyrals (PVB). Some are in solid or liquid form, such as: polydimethylsiloxanes and polyurethanes (PU). Finally, other encapsulants are generally in liquid form, for example polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). These materials are suitable for constituting the electrically insulating adhesive 8 used in the manufacturing process according to the invention.

Depending on the adhesive 8 used, the step of joining the series together can be carried out by heating and / or by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, in particular by heating in the case of a solid adhesive 8, and by radiation to ultraviolet (UV) or heating in the case of a liquid adhesive 8.

Figures 5 and 6 illustrate, in the form of flowcharts, two exemplary embodiments of the manufacturing process according to the invention.

First of all, with reference to FIG. 5, the method comprises a step A consisting in carrying out an alignment of the S series of photovoltaic cells 4 one parallel to the other, spacing the adjacent S series by a predetermined inter-series distance DS , especially between 1 qm and 10 mm, and preferably between 10 qm and 2 mm.

Then, in the case of an adhesive 8 in solid form, step B consists in adding pieces of adhesive 8 between the adjacent S series and tightening the S series against each other.

In the case of an adhesive 8 applied in liquid form, step B consists in dispensing the liquid adhesive 8 between the adjacent series S.

Then, step C consists in securing, in particular bonding or crosslinking, the adhesive 8. Thus, heating is carried out at a temperature between 100 ° C and 180 ° C, for a period between 1 min and 10 h, and preferably at a temperature between 140 ° C and 160 ° C, for a period between 3 min and 30 min, or else irradiation by ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

More specifically, in the case of an adhesive 8 in solid form, heating will be preferred. In the case of an adhesive 8 applied in liquid form, heating or the use of UV rays can be used, the choice depending on the material used for the electrically insulating adhesive 8.

The last two steps D and E then correspond to the conventional method for producing a photovoltaic module 1. Step D consists in stacking the different layers constituting the photovoltaic module 1, namely in particular the assembly formed by the first layer 2, the encapsulating assembly 3, the photovoltaic cells 4, by carrying out welding by ribbons or copper wires 6, and the second layer 5. Stage E finally corresponds to hot lamination, for example at a temperature greater than or equal to 120 ° C and for a duration of the lamination cycle of at least 10 minutes.

With reference to FIG. 6, the second example of a manufacturing method according to the invention is preferably applicable in the case of an electrically insulating adhesive 8 in a liquid form.

It firstly comprises a step A ′ of standard production of a photovoltaic module 1 consisting in stacking the first layer 2 and the first layer 3a of the encapsulating assembly 3.

Then, step B 'consists in positioning and aligning the series S of photovoltaic cells 4 one parallel to the other with a predetermined inter-series distance DS on the first layer 3a of the encapsulating assembly 3, in particular between 1 μm and 10 mm, and preferably between 10 pm and 2 mm.

Step C ′ then consists in applying the adhesive 8 between the adjacent series S of photovoltaic cells 4.

The joining, in particular bonding or crosslinking, of the S series is carried out in step D ′ by irradiation under ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the methods of realization of which are determined by the choice of the material of the adhesive 8.

Then, the last two steps E ′ and F ′ correspond to a conventional method for producing a photovoltaic module 1. Step E ′ allows the remaining set of layers constituting the photovoltaic module 1 to be stacked, namely l 'assembly formed by the second layer 3b of the encapsulating assembly 3 and the second layer 5. Finally, step F' finally corresponds to hot lamination, for example at a temperature greater than or equal to 120 ° C and for a duration of the lamination cycle 10 of at least 10 minutes.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments which have just been described. Various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art.

Claims (14)

1. Method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module (1) comprising: - a first transparent layer (2) forming the front face of the photovoltaic module (1), intended to receive a light flux, - a plurality of photovoltaic cells (4) arranged side by side and electrically connected to each other, the photovoltaic cells (4) being arranged in series (S) of photovoltaic cells (4), two adjacent series (S) being separated from an inter-series distance (DS), - an encapsulating assembly (3) the plurality of photovoltaic cells (4), - a second layer (5) forming the rear face of the photovoltaic module (1), the encapsulating assembly (3) and the plurality of photovoltaic cells (4) being located between the first (2) and second (5) layers, characterized in that the manufacturing method comprises a step of controlling the inter-series distance (DS) between two adjacent series (S) of photovoltaic cells (4) consisting in applying an electrically insulating adhesive (8) permanent between the series (S ) adjacent photovoltaic cells (4) so that the series (S) are integral with each other, before any step of assembling the constituent layers of the photovoltaic module (1). 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrically insulating adhesive (8), applied before its implementation to secure the series (S), is in liquid form. 3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrically insulating adhesive (8), applied before its implementation to secure the series (S), is in solid form. 4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrically insulating adhesive (8) is in the form of a polymeric encapsulation material, in particular chosen from: poly (ethylene-vinyl acetate) (EVA), ionomers, polyolefins, vinyl acetals, such as polyvinylbutyrals (PVB), polydimethylsiloxanes, polyurethanes (PU) or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), ethylene methyl acrylate (EMA) ), ethylene butylacrylate (EBA), ethylene-propylene (EPM / EPDM). 5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrically insulating adhesive (8) is a material chosen from: PU-acrylate copolymers crosslinkable by ultraviolet (UV) or by electron beam (EB), epoxy adhesives or acrylic adhesives. 6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrically insulating adhesive (8) is applied by points between the series (S) of photovoltaic cells (4), on the edges of the photovoltaic cells (4) , especially at at least one point, preferably at least two distinct points, along the length of the series (S). 7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the electrically insulating adhesive (8) is applied over the entire length of the series (S) of photovoltaic cells (4) by increasing the length of each attachment point, in particular of bonding, and / or by increasing the number of attachment points, in particular bonding. 8. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, during the application of the electrically insulating adhesive, the inter-series distance (DS) between two adjacent series (S) of photovoltaic cells (4) is between 1 pm and 10 mm, preferably between 10 pm and 2 mm. 9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, once the electrically insulating adhesive (8) applied between the series (S) of photovoltaic cells (4), the manufacturing process comprises a heating step , in particular in the case of an electrically insulating adhesive (8) in solid form, and / or of irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) radiation, in particular in the case of an electrically insulating adhesive (8) applied in liquid form. 10. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises the following successive steps: - alignment of the series (S) of photovoltaic cells (4) one parallel to the other with a predetermined inter-series distance (DS), - application of the electrically insulating adhesive (8) between the adjacent series (S) of photovoltaic cells (4), - joining the series (S) of photovoltaic cells (4) together by heating and / or by irradiation under ultraviolet (UV) radiation, - assembly, in particular by stacking then hot lamination, of all of the constituent layers of the photovoltaic module (1), in particular of the assembly formed by the first layer (2), the encapsulating assembly (3), the photovoltaic cells (4) and the second layer (5). 11. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises the following successive steps: stacking of the first layer (2) and of a first layer (3a) of the encapsulating assembly (3), positioning and alignment of the series (S) of photovoltaic cells (4) one parallel to the other with a predetermined inter-series distance (DS) on the first layer (3a) of the encapsulating assembly (3), - application of the electrically insulating adhesive (8) between the adjacent series (S) of photovoltaic cells (4), - joining the series (S) of photovoltaic cells (4) together by heating and / or by irradiation under ultraviolet (UV) radiation, - assembly, in particular by stacking then hot lamination, of the remaining assembly of the constituent layers of the photovoltaic module (1), in particular of the assembly formed by the second layer (3b) of the encapsulating assembly (3) and the second layer (5). 12. Method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the heating is carried out at a temperature between 100 ° C and 180 ° C for a period between 1 min and 10 h, preferably at a temperature between 140 ° C and 160 ° C for a period of between 3 min and 30 min. 13. Method according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the hot lamination step is carried out at a temperature greater than or equal to 120 ° C and for a duration of the lamination cycle of at least 10 minutes . 14. Photovoltaic module (1) obtained by means of a manufacturing process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inter-series distance (DS) between the adjacent series (S) of photovoltaic cells (4 ) is less than or equal to 100 pm, preferably less than or equal to 50 pm.