FR3068398A1 - TURBINING DEVICE INVOLVING A WATER FALL CAUSED BY THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A VENTURI TUBE AND A HYDRAULIC POWER GENERATION PLANT USING SUCH A TURBINING DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

A turbining device comprises: - a Venturi tube (12) with a convergent (121) water inlet, a neck and a divergent (122) outlet water; - a first volume (107B), communicating with the neck in the lower part, having an upper opening (109) and a suction opening (108); - a second volume (107H), having a water intake (14) in the upper part, open in the lower part on the upper opening (109); - A third volume (141), communicating with the first volume (107B) through the suction opening (108) in the lower part, and having an air intake (16). A turbine assembly 10 is arranged in the second volume (107H), a turbine defining a water passage section from the second volume to the first volume (107B), and the side walls of each of the first volume, second volume and third volume. volume determine watertight volumes, outside the planned openings.

Description

TURBINAGE DEVICE INVOLVING A FALL OF WATER CAUSED BY THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A VENTURI TUBE AND HYDRAULIC ENERGY PRODUCTION INSTALLATION USING SUCH A TURBINAGE DEVICE

The present invention relates to a turbine device in which the driving force for driving a turbine is generated by a waterfall.

More particularly, in the turbine device of the invention, the waterfall is formed in solid water by exploiting the energy of a localized current 5.

The invention finds particular application in the production of electricity by hydraulic power and makes it possible to improve the production of a conventional hydroelectricity production installation implementing a water tank.

The search for the exploitation of the forces of nature to produce mechanical energy usable for human activities is very old. The flowing water of rivers and the wind have in the course of history given rise to numerous inventions which are today widely implemented to meet the continuously increasing needs of electric power of modern societies.

The driving force of water is still considered today as a renewable energy source which has valued qualities in terms of production continuity and storage.

We know turbines over water which are submerged to form tidal turbines.

Such tidal turbines operate with the force of the current which drives, thanks to an impeller or a turbine, an electricity generator.

The powers produced by this type of turbine are therefore directly linked to the speed of the current which determines the flow rate which can pass through the turbine.

Also known are turbines powered by energy linked to waterfalls. Indeed, the energy provided by a body of water is all the more important as the height of fall is high. In addition to the available power, a high head height is favorable for the performance of a hydroelectric installation.

To regulate the flow of waterfalls and to store water in order to have a usable energy reserve, it is well known to build artificial dams creating reservoirs from which water is stored and then taken for be routed to hydraulic turbines placed at a level below the level of the water in the tank, this difference in level constituting the height of the fall.

However, such dams and the associated reservoirs are not without drawbacks which today hamper the operation of new sites.

Indeed, the densification of human settlement in the areas which would be flooded in the event of the construction of a dam makes it increasingly difficult to select new hydroelectric production sites which would be economically profitable.

Furthermore, such installations are not without posing ecological problems by disturbing the biotope of the local flora and fauna.

Thus, in countries concerned with preserving the aquatic ecosystem and organizing water management, a non-turbine reserved flow is maintained at a dam, generally around 10% of the average flow of the dam.

This non-turbined flow must be ensured without obstacle to be ichtyo compatible.

In these situations, it directly follows that 10% of the possible energy production by a dam cannot be exploited.

There are also cases of development of rivers or streams, regulatory dams, locks ..., which implement medium-height waterfalls that are unexploited, or little exploited, to produce energy due a farm considered economically unprofitable or hardly compatible with the primary purpose of the development.

However, these facilities remain subject to the same obligations to maintain a reserved flow which is not used and their compatibility with aquatic fauna.

In the case of a dam with integrated turbine, the fish cannot pass in the opposite direction to the current through the turbine, likewise for the descent, even if it is morphologically possible with the current and apart from accidents.

This generally requires the provision of a fish ladder for the raising and swallowing of fish during migration. The ecological impact of these ladders is important during construction on the one hand, unsightly on the other hand and lasts until a possible demolition in case of non-use.

The turbine device according to the present invention aims to produce mechanical energy which respects the constraints linked to respect for aquatic fauna. In one mode of implementation, the turbine device makes it possible to energetically recover the reserved flow rate of a hydraulic installation in compliance with technical and legal obligations, and the ecological constraints, which are imposed on this reserved flow rate.

For these purposes, the turbine device, intended to be driven by a flow of water from a reservoir, comprises:

- a Venturi tube comprising a water inlet convergent, a water outlet diverging point and a neck located between the converging point and the diverging point;

- A first volume, comprising a side wall, a lower part of which communicates with an internal part of the Venturi tube in a region of the neck, and an upper part of which has an upper opening and a suction opening;

- A second volume, comprising a side wall, an upper part of which, intended to be immersed under a surface of the tank, comprises a water intake and a lower part of which is open on the upper opening of the first volume;

- a third volume, comprising a side wall, a lower part of which communicates with the first volume through the suction opening of the first volume and comprises an air intake intended to introduce air into the third volume.

In addition, in the turbine arrangement, a turbine assembly is arranged in the second volume, a turbine of the turbine assembly determining a section of water passage from the second volume to the first volume, and the side walls of each of the first volume, second volume and third volume determine sealed volumes, apart from the openings provided for communications between the various volumes and the Venturi tube, for air intake and for water intake.

There is thus constituted a turbine device in which a flow of water to be maintained without obstacle is used to generate a fall internal to the turbine device, drop driving the turbine.

In particular embodiments, the turbine device comprises the following additional characteristics, taken alone or in combination insofar as they are technically operable:

- The first volume includes an upper isolation and or regulating valve arranged to control a flow of water between the water intake and the turbine assembly;

- The first volume comprises a lower isolation and or regulating valve arranged to control a flow of water passing through said first volume in the direction of the Venturi tube;

- the water intake has a filtration grid;

- The filtration grid includes a cleaning device comprising a screen, a scraper knife is arranged to sweep a surface of said filtration grid;

- the air intake includes an air inlet control valve.

the air intake comprises an air duct, one proximal end of which opens into the third volume and one distal end of which, opposite the proximal end on said air duct, opens above a surface of the reservoir ;

- the air line is a flexible line whose distal end is held above the surface of the tank by a float;

- The air intake includes means for delivering air at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure.

the turbine device comprises one or more ballast tanks which ensures the turbine device a stable submerged position when the ballast tank or tanks are filled with water, and which provides the turbine device with buoyancy when the tank or tanks ballast are empty of water and full of air;

- The turbine assembly includes an electric generator mechanically coupled to the turbine of said turbine assembly.

The invention also relates to a hydraulic energy production installation, comprising a water tank and a water flow from the tank determining a height of fall between a surface of the tank and the flow, and implementing at least one turbining device according to the invention such as:

- the axis YY ’of the Venturi tube is oriented in the direction of flow so that the water from the flow enters the Venturi tube through the convergent and exits through the divergent;

- the water intake is submerged under the surface of the tank;

- a distal end of the air intake opens into the open air.

According to particular embodiments, in the hydraulic installation:

- the reservoir (R) is a reserve of water resulting from a dam, and or;

- the flow incorporates a reserved flow from the dam, and or;

- The turbine device is immersed in the tank resting on a bottom of the tank, or is arranged in a structure of the dam.

- In another embodiment, the hydraulic energy production installation comprises at least one turbine device according to the invention and the reservoir is formed by a flowing water stream, or a marine environment comprising a current natural. The axis YY 'of the Venturi tube is oriented in the direction of the flow, or of the natural current, so that a flow of the water of the flow, or of the natural current, enters the Venturi tube through the convergent and out through the divergent.

The device is described below with reference to the appended drawings, drawings in which the various figures represent non-limiting embodiments in the particular case of an artificial dam:

Figure 1: a schematic view of the turbine arrangement arranged for the production of electricity;

Figure 2: a schematic view of the arrangement of the electric generator associated with the turbine device of Figure 1;

Figure 3: a schematic view illustrating the detail of an embodiment of a screen;

Figure 4; a schematic representation of an example of a new concept of hydroelectric production dam incorporating in its structure the turbine device according to the invention.

In the drawings, the various elements of the turbine engine and its environment are not shown to scale.

In Figure 1, there is shown a turbine device according to the present invention, installed on a waterfall formed by means of a retaining dam B. This embodiment and the corresponding mode of implementation are illustrative and in no way limit the invention.

In the rest of the description, the expressions above and below, or equivalent words or expressions, will be used to designate relative positions, in the common sense which would be given to them by an observer of the turbine arrangement in a functional situation, being in particular understood that the invention is situated in the field of hydraulic energy and of its use in the production of energy, field in which the gravity and the flows of fluids play an essential role.

Conventionally, dam B, generally built in the bed of a watercourse, causes the formation of a reservoir R, the filling of which is ensured by the surface waters of the watershed upstream of said dam.

According to a characteristic of dam B, a height of fall H is formed relative to a water intake, in this example corresponding substantially to the height of said dam.

The dam has, in the illustrated embodiment, a discharge pipe E allowing the formation of a flow of water from the reservoir to a point located below an upper surface S of the reservoir.

The discharge line E is in the general case provided with a stop valve V which makes it possible to control the flow in said discharge line, in particular to allow said flow or to prohibit it by opening or closing said valve .

The discharge line E advantageously, but not necessarily, corresponds to a line implemented to maintain a reserved flow rate imposed by standards, legal or administrative obligations, or a specification of the reservoir.

In the case of the invention, advantageously the discharge pipe E takes the water from a deep zone of the reservoir, for example substantially at the level of a bottom F of the reservoir near the dam B and rejects the water also taken in a low point to keep hydrostatic pressure as high as possible.

This advantageous choice makes it possible to create a maximum height of the water column between the surface of the tank and a collection of the water passing through the turbine device as will be understood later on in the description and a speed of the flow in the pipe. E as high a discharge as possible according to the Torricelli formula.

The turbine device, in the example described, is placed on a bottom F of the reservoir in which it is immersed upstream of the dam B.

Still with reference to FIG. 1, the turbine device comprises:

- A support 18 providing a mechanical interface between the bottom F of the tank and the functional part of the turbine engine to ensure the required stability;

- a Venturi tube 12, arranged with an axis oriented substantially along a horizontal axis YY ’;

- A first volume 107B, shown cylindrical with a vertical axis XX 'in Figure 1, for depression;

- a turbine assembly 10;

- A second volume 107H, shown cylindrical with a vertical axis XX ’in FIG. 1, of water inlet for the turbine assembly;

- A third volume 141, shown cylindrical with a vertical axis XX 'in Figure 1, enveloping the second volume 107H;

- A water intake 14 for supplying water to the tank R the second volume 107H;

- an air intake 16, from the surfaces of the tank in the example illustrated, to the third volume 141.

Each of the first, second and third volumes comprises an external envelope by determining a shape and a capacity, the said external envelope comprising openings with the ambient medium, the details of which are set out below in the context of the arrangement between them of the different parts of the turbine system.

The Venturi tube 12 has a known architecture of such a tube which, following the direction of flow of a fluid, has a convergent 121 followed by a divergent 122, which converge and diverge are connected at the level of a collar.

In the present case, an outlet of the divergent 122 is connected to the pipe E so that the water passing through the said pipe, forced by the hydrostatic pressure linked to the fall height H, crosses the Venturi tube in its axial direction.

The first volume 107B has a lower discharge opening 123 through which said first volume is open on the inside of the Venturi tube at the neck.

The first volume 107B has a suction opening 108, located above the lower discharge opening, through which said first volume communicates with the third volume 141.

The first volume 107B also includes a refill opening 109 located above the suction opening 108, typically at an upper end of said first volume.

The turbine assembly 10 is arranged above the first volume 107B so that an outlet from said turbine assembly, through which the water passing through the turbine is ejected, corresponds to the charging opening of said first volume.

The second volume 107H has an ejection opening 110 located in a lower part of said second volume. Said ejection opening also corresponds to an inlet of the turbine assembly 10.

From this arrangement, it appears that the second volume 107H communicates with the first volume 107B via the turbine assembly 10, and that consequently the water, located in said second volume, when it flows in said first volume, passes through said turbine assembly.

The second volume 107H has a feed opening 112 located in an upper part of said second volume.

Said feed opening is associated with a water intake 14, in practice provided with a grid 142 which allows the water from the reservoir R to enter the second volume 107H through the feed opening 112 by filtering the debris that can be transported by the water flow and prevent their entry into said second volume.

The third volume 141, whose cylindrical assembly shape is arranged coaxial with the second volume 107H to contain said second volume, communicates in a lower part of said third volume with an upper part of the first volume 107B.

More particularly the suction opening 108 forms gills in a wall of the first volume in a zone depressurizing the flow of water passing through said first volume so that the water potentially contained in the third volume 141 is sucked by said gills, as illustrated by the arrows shown in FIG. 1.

The air intake 16 comprises a pipe 161 opening at a distal end 163 of the third volume 141 into the atmosphere so as to allow air to enter at atmospheric pressure and opening at a proximal end 164 of the third volume 141 in said third volume so that air entering through the distal end exits into the third volume through the proximal end. In one embodiment, the air intake 16 comprises a valve V3 for regulating air intake, for example located near the proximal end 164 to integrate its installation into the structure of the turbine engine.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, a lower valve valve V2 is arranged which, in a closed position, closes the first volume 107B so that a vertical flow of water along the axis of said first volume is interrupted and which in a more or less open position allows such a flow by allowing if necessary to regulate the flow.

Similarly, an upper valve valve V1 is also arranged which, in a closed position, closes the second volume 107H so that a vertical flow of water, towards the first volume 107B, along the axis of said second volume is interrupted and which in a more or less open position allows such a flow while allowing, if necessary, to regulate the flow.

FIG. 2 schematically illustrates an example of a turbine assembly 10 adapted to the case of electricity production. In this example, an electric current generator 11 is associated with a turbine 110, a rotor 104 of which is coupled to a rotor 101 of the generator.

A fixed structure supports a stator 102 of the generator to maintain an air gap 103 with the rotor of said generator, this in known manner. An axis XX 'of rotation of the rotating parts of the turbine assembly is vertical, said rotating parts being kept free to rotate relative to the fixed structure.

The turbine 110 is in itself of a conventional shape which will be adapted to the particular case of the turbine system considered, in particular taking into account its operating conditions, such as the flow rate and the height of fall.

The turbine may be of the axial flow type. The turbine may be of the radial flow type.

In the form illustrated in FIG. 2, the generator 11 is placed above the turbine 110 and with an inner rotor 101. However, this example is not limiting and the person skilled in the art can apply any known form of generator and coupling between the generator and the turbine which he will consider suitable according to his constraints: dimensions, cooling, sealing, etc.

Accessories such as bearings, guides, protective casings for the rotor / stator assembly, the means of attachment to the chassis 18 are not shown, being within the reach of those skilled in the art and depending on the configuration of the location.

The chassis 18 is schematically represented in the form of a metal structure 181 with feet 182 resting on the bottom F of the tank R, advantageously on a platform, not shown, constructed for this purpose to ensure the turbine device a precise position and stable for which it was designed.

The chassis 18 supports all of the other components of the turbining device which has just been described so as to constitute a monolithic assembly.

Advantageously, means are provided for holding the bottom of the tank in the form of ballasts 183 and of an anchoring to the ground, if any, not shown.

Advantageously, one or more ballast tanks 185 are formed, the filling with water and the emptying are controlled so as to immerse and emerge the turbining device by filling, respectively emptying, said ballast tanks.

In this embodiment, when the ballast tanks 185 are emptied, the water is replaced by air and, by a suitable dimensioning of the volume of said ballast tanks, the Archimedes thrust produced ensures the floating of the device turbines.

Such ballast tanks 185 are for example, as illustrated, produced in the third volume 141 by an extension of a wall of the said third volume continuing downwards to the chassis 18. Obviously partitions separate the various volumes between them and with the environment. This extended wall of the third volume is able to serve as the main vertical structure on which the various parts of the turbining device can be securely fixed, for example by ribs and reinforcements which are not shown.

Such an arrangement makes it possible to bring the turbine engine to float on the surface S of the tank, substantially vertical to the functional position, for a light intervention or a routine inspection, without the need to make use of means. complex lifting.

In all cases, the ballast anchors and tanks must allow the turbine device to dry up for more or less complex maintenance or repair operations.

The buoyancy of the turbine device, the ballast tanks of which have been filled with air, makes it possible to easily move the turbine device, for example by towing, over the surface of the tank towards lifting means, not shown, or towards a dry dock, not shown. For these purposes, the turbining device will include as many rings or bollards as needed to be towed and lifted if necessary.

Operation of the turbine engine.

In addition to the previous detailed description of an embodiment of the invention, the description to follow of the operation of the turbine engine makes it possible to understand more precisely the importance of certain elements which will be useful to those skilled in the art. to understand the various possible embodiments by taking the principles.

Figure 1 illustrates the turbine device described above in an environment ensuring its operation.

As shown schematically in this FIG. 1, the turbine engine is immersed in a tank R so that the water intake 14 is located under the surfaces of said tank. This water intake 14 is therefore supplied with water continuously.

The distal end 163 of the air intake is kept in the open air above the surface of the tank by a snorkel or other equivalent system, for example by means of a float 162 in the case of a pipe 161 flexible or articulated.

The divergent 122 of the Venturi tube is connected to the discharge line E so that, the shut-off valve V being open, the flow of water, forced into said discharge line by the hydrostatic pressure resulting from the height of drop H, crosses the Venturi tube 12 by entering through the convergent 121 open in the reservoir R.

Due to this flow of water passing through the Venturi tube, a depression is formed in known manner in the section of the neck, depression resulting from the acceleration of the flow in this section.

This depression has the effect of sucking the water which is in the first volume 107H as soon as the lower valve valve V2 is open and, by continuity of the volumes communicating by the gills, also sucks the water and / or air which is in the third volume 141 when air is admitted by the air intake 16, which supposes that the valve V3 regulating the air inlet, if such a valve is used, is open.

The water level in said third volume decreases accordingly, the freed space being then occupied by the air admitted to atmospheric pressure by the air intake 16.

The suction of water through the Venturi tube will stop when the pressure balance is reached or when all the water has been sucked in the first volume and in the third volume, as well as in the second volume 107H including water pours by gravity into the first volume 107B, provided that the upper valve valve V2 is kept closed.

When the upper valve valve V2 is also open, the water admitted by the water intake 14 into the second volume 107H keeps the latter full by compensating for the volume sucked into the first volume 107B.

In this downward movement of water through the second volume 107H and then the first volume 107B, there is produced a suction effect towards the first volume 107B from the third volume 141 through gills allowing said first and third volumes to communicate which maintains a vacuum of water in the third volume 141, and draws air from said third volume into the water flow of the first volume 107B, which has the effect of bringing and maintaining the pressure in the first volume 107B , under the turbine assembly 140, at a value close to atmospheric pressure.

There is thus formed within the turbine engine a waterfall, the water vertically passing through the second volume 107H generates a driving force taken up by the turbine of the turbine assembly 10, which in the exposed case produces electrical energy at generator means coupled to the turbine.

The lower valve valve V2 and or the upper valve valve V1 are advantageously implemented to regulate the operation of the turbine engine, and advantageously to manage the stop and start phases of said turbine engine.

The lower valve valve V2 controls the supply of water sucked in by the Venturi tube 12, by more or less closing a section of the first volume 107B.

The upper valve valve V1 makes it possible to adjust the flow rate of the water entering the second volume 107H, and when the device stops isolating said second volume from the reservoir R.

The grid 143, as shown in FIG. 3, can include a screen in the form of a scraper knife 144, mounted to rotate on an axis of revolution of said grid, in order to scrape a wall of said grid and avoid its obstruction by objects. floating junk. A motorization, not shown, advantageously drives this scraper knife.

The continuous suction of air from the third volume when the device is in operation also has the effect of producing a large exchange surface between air bubbles and the water entraining the sucked air, which promotes the oxygenation of water favorable to the development of aquatic life.

It is thus possible to produce energy, in particular electric, while being perfectly ichtyo compatible, and limiting the need for fish scales.

The energy produced by means of the turbine device of the invention is added to a primary production of energy by the conventional means implemented by the dam B, if said dam includes such means, without affecting said primary production and thus improves the overall yield of the dam.

In addition, the energy produced by the turbine device of the invention makes it possible to use part of the water of the reserved flow rate without affecting the passage left free for fauna which can cross the Venturi tube without obstacle.

According to other conditions of use, the turbine device of the invention is placed in a natural current or forced as the only means of energy production, so as to maintain a cross section of the flow of natural water free of 'obstacle.

For example, the turbine engine can be placed in the marine environment in a permanent current or in a tidal current provided that care is taken to orient the horizontal axis YY ’in the direction of the current.

For example, the turbine device can be placed in the stream of a stream, with which it will be able to produce energy without forming an obstacle to the movement of fish.

For example, the turbine device can be placed in a reservoir upstream of a flow supplying turbines of the dam in order to produce additional energy without specific water withdrawal. In this type of installation, it will be taken the precaution to place the turbine device at a sufficient distance from the turbines of the dam so that the flow of water having passed through said turbine device is stabilized, without critical eddies, and avoid or limit the risk of causing cavitation phenomena induced by the operation of the turbining device.

Figure 4 shows schematically in top view, an embodiment in which the turbine device is integrated in a technical structure of the dam B.

In the form shown, the dam also incorporates a hydroelectric power plant in which turbines 90, for example Kaplan turbines with vertical axis, are also installed in a conventional manner placed in water pumps 91 crossing the dam of l upstream downstream of the flow.

In this example, the Venturi tube 12 of the turbine arrangement of the invention is dimensioned to deliver continuously at least the reserve flow rate and the water withdrawal in the tank supplying the convergent 121 of the Venturi tube is advantageously placed in a zone of accumulation of sediments 92 which are thus continuously discharged into the flow passing through said Venturi tube without risk of damaging a turbine.

The turbining device of the invention can be implemented to meet localized energy needs, its installation not requiring, in its submerged version, significant civil works which limits its ecological impact.

Another advantage of the inventive turbine device is to meet temporary energy needs, said turbine device being able to be stopped and restarted without interrupting the flow of the reserved flow.

The embodiment described, in particular in its overall architecture implementing cylindrical and coaxial volumes, has advantages in terms of compactness and mass of the turbine engine.

However, any form in which three interacting volumes are used, as in the case of the invention for producing a fall by means of a Venturi tube, can also be envisaged.

For example, the different volumes can be arranged differently, for example juxtaposed for some or with offset axes to facilitate their manufacture, assembly and inspection.

The dimensions of each element of the turbine engine will be adapted to each case according to parameters such as the height of fall, the reserve flow rate, the expected power of said turbine engine.

The arrangement of the turbine assembly can also be different, in particular depending on the type of turbine used and on the system driven by said turbine. Although the invention is particularly suitable for driving an electric generator, it is also possible to drive other equipment, for example pumps, generally any equipment which can be driven by a rotating shaft, with or without reducer, the equipment which can be mounted as close as possible to the turbine, as in the case described, or the equipment which can be installed above the surface of the tank subject to the use of a transmission shaft of the right length power.

In the device described, the air supplied by the air intake is at atmospheric pressure for a natural supply of the third volume.

In other embodiments, the supply of air to the turbine engine is forced. In this case, an air compressor, not shown in the drawings, is associated with the air intake 16 so that the air admitted into the third volume 141 is at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure. Such a form offers superior regulation capabilities through a greater air pressure range. It also makes it possible to ensure a faster start-up of the turbine engine and to adapt it to more or less high falls.

The detailed description of the turbine device and its application have been described with regard to a waterfall which presents advantageous conditions for installing such a turbine device, but as already specified, the production of energy, electric or other , can be obtained identically with a natural background current of a watercourse or sea.

As such, the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1 is not representative in its proportions and in the relative dimensions of the 10 different elements of an actual installation but only of a functional representation.

Claims (17)

1 - Turbination device, intended to be driven by a flow (E) of water from a tank (R), characterized in that it comprises: - a Venturi tube (12) comprising a convergent (121) water inlet, a divergent (122) water outlet and a neck located between said convergent and said divergent; - A first volume (107B), comprising a side wall, a lower part of which communicates with an internal part of the Venturi tube in a region of the neck, and an upper part of which has an upper opening (109) and a suction opening (108); - A second volume (107H), comprising a side wall, an upper part of which, intended to be immersed under a surface (S) of the tank (R), comprises a water intake (14) and of which a lower part is open on the upper opening (109) of the first volume (107B); - A third volume (141), comprising a side wall, a lower part of which communicates with the first volume (107B) through the suction opening (108) of said first volume and comprises an air intake (16) intended to introducing air into said third volume; wherein a turbine assembly turbine device 10 is arranged in the second volume (107H), a turbine of said turbine assembly determining a section of water passage from said second volume to the first volume (107B); in which the turbine device the side walls of each of the first volume, second volume and third volume determine sealed volumes, apart from the openings provided for communications between the different volumes and the Venturi tube, for air intake and for the water intake. 2 - Turbine device according to claim 1, wherein the first volume (107H) comprises an upper valve (V1) for isolation and or regulation arranged to control a flow of water between the water intake (14) and the turbine assembly (10). 3 - Turbine device according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein, the first volume (107B) comprises a lower valve (V2) for isolation and or regulation arranged to control a flow of water passing through said first volume towards the Venturi tube (12). 4 - Turbine device according to one of the preceding claims wherein the water intake (1.4) comprises a filtration grid (142). 5 - Turbine device according to claim 4 wherein, the filtration grid (142) comprises a cleaning device comprising a screen (143) including a scraper knife is arranged to sweep a surface of said filtration grid. 6 - Turbine device according to one of the preceding claims wherein, the air intake (16) comprises a valve (V3) regulating the air intake. 7 - Turbine device according to one of the preceding claims wherein, the air intake (16) comprises an air line (161), one proximal end (164) opens into the third volume (141) and one distal end (163), opposite the proximal end on said air duct, opens above a surface (S) of the reservoir (R). 8 - Turbine device according to claim 7 wherein, the air line (161) is a flexible line whose distal end (163) is held above the surface of the tank (R) by a float (162) . 9 - Turbine device according to one of the preceding claims wherein, the air intake (16) comprises means for supplying air at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure. 10 - Turbine device according to one of the preceding claims, in which the turbine device comprises one or more ballast tanks (185) which provides said turbine device with a stable submerged position when said ballast tank (s) are filled with water and which ensures said buoyancy device buoyancy when said one or more ballast tanks are empty of water and full of air. 11 - Turbination device according to one of the preceding claims, in which the turbine assembly (10) comprises an electric generator (11) mechanically coupled to the turbine of said turbine assembly. 12 - Hydraulic installation for producing energy, comprising a reservoir (R) of water and a flow (E) of water from the reservoir determining a height of fall (H) between a surface (S) of said reservoir and said flow, characterized in that it comprises at least one turbine device according to one of the preceding claims so that: - the axis YY 'of the Venturi tube (12) is oriented in the direction of the flow (E) so that the water from said flow enters said Venturi tube by the convergent (121) and leaves by the divergent (122); - the water intake (14) is submerged under the surface (S) of the tank (R); - a distal end (163) of the air intake (16) opens into the open air. 13 - Hydraulic installation of energy production according to claim 12 wherein the reservoir (R) is a water reserve resulting from a dam (B). 14 - Hydraulic installation for energy production according to claim 13 wherein the flow (E) incorporates a reserved flow of the dam (B). 15 - Hydraulic power plant according to one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the turbine device is immersed in the tank by resting on a bottom (F) of the tank 16 - Hydraulic power plant according to one of claims 13 or 14, wherein the device is arranged in a 5 dam structure. 17 - Hydraulic installation for energy production, comprising at least one turbine device according to one of claims 1 to 11 in which the reservoir (R) is formed by a flowing stream of water, or a medium 10 marine having a natural current, and in which the axis YY 'of the Venturi tube (12) is oriented in the direction of the flow, or of the natural current, so that a flow of water from said flow, or natural current, enters said Venturi tube through the convergent (121) and exits through the diverging (122)