FR3065471B1 - WORK COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE ARK AND ASSOCIATED MANUFACTURING METHOD - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a structure comprising at least one arch (10) comprising a first half-arch (55), a second half-arch (60) and a block (50) forming an arch key, a first foot (30) and a second foot (35). Each arch (10) includes at least one flexible link (20) extending along the first half-arch (55) from the first foot (30) to the arch key (50) and a link flexible member (25) extending along the second half-arch (60) from the second leg (35) to the arch key (50), each flexible link (20, 25) having a first end ( 80) attached to the corresponding foot (30, 35) of the arch (10) and a second end (85) attached to the arch key (50), each flexible link (20, 25) having a tension tending to bring the corresponding first or second foot (30, 35) of the arch key (50).

Description

Work comprising at least one arch and method of manufacturing the same

The present invention relates to a structure comprising at least one arch. The present invention also relates to an associated manufacturing method.

Structures with arches or vaults are used in a large number of circumstances in which it is desirable to support an elevated structure such as a roof, or to retain large masses of earth as is the case with vaults or tunnel walls.

Such arches or vaults have been known for a very long time and are frequently manufactured from a set of prefabricated blocks whose assembly ensures a good transmission of efforts so that the arch or vault is self-supporting and able to play its role of support or support. Once assembled, the blocks are held in place by their weight alone. Thus, arched or semicircular arch structures have great strength and durability.

The manufacture of these structures generally requires the prior construction of support hangers on which the blocks are put in place one after the other. Thus, the or the hangers allow a maintenance in position of the blocks before the arch or vault is completed. Indeed, it is the assembly of all the blocks that ensures the stability of the structure, and if one or more blocks are missing or defective, the structure is generally not stable. Such a structure generally comprises a keystone or arch key, that is to say a block designed to be put in place last and whose implementation ensures the stability of the structure. The key is usually the highest block, that is, the one that distributes the forces between the two halves of the structure.

However, the realization of arches or vaults of this type is complex and long, because of the time required to manufacture the hanger and the difficulty to set up the blocks on the hanger.

As a result, structures with arches or vaults are not suitable for the construction of temporary structures such as protective structures against falling materials or ground movements. The invention therefore aims to propose a work comprising at least one arch, which is easier and faster to manufacture than the works of the state of the art. For this purpose, it is proposed a work comprising at least one arch having a lower surface and an upper surface, the arch comprising a first half-arch, a second half-arch and an arch-key block, the first half-arch having a first set of blocks and extending between the arch key and a first foot of the arch, the second half-arch having a second set of blocks and extending between the arch key and a second foot of the arch, the blocks of each arch being arranged along a single plane arc between the first foot and the second foot, each arch comprising, in addition, at least a first flexible link and at least a second flexible link, each first flexible link extending along the first half-arch from the first foot to the arch key, each second flexible link extending along the second half-arch from the second foot to the arch key, every first or second flexible link having a first end attached to the corresponding first or second foot of the arch and a second end, each flexible link traversing the key block from a corresponding entrance face of the arch key to a corresponding exit face of the arch key, the second end of each flexible link extending out of the key of the arch through the corresponding exit face, the second end of each flexible link being attached to the key d arch and each flexible link having a tension tending to bring the first or second foot corresponding to the key of the arch.

According to other advantageous but non-compulsory aspects of the invention, the structure comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken separately or in any technically possible combination: the exit face is common to all the flexible links . the common exit face forms part of the intrados of the arch. the book comprises at least two first soft links and at least two second soft links. each first or second flexible link is accommodated in a duct passing through each block of the corresponding first or second half-arch, each duct extending along a clean line parallel to the intrados and the extrados of the arch. each flexible link is accommodated in a groove formed in the upper surface of the corresponding half-arch. - The structure comprises an arch with at least two arches juxtaposed and aligned in a direction perpendicular to the planar arc of each of the arches. blocks of at least two juxtaposed arches are connected to one another by metal fasteners. - The feet of at least one arch are directly connected to each other by a wire rope or a rigid frame. - Blocks of the same arch are attached to each other by fasteners located on the intrados of the arch. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a structure comprising at least one arch having a lower surface and an upper surface, the method comprising the steps of: placing on the ground a first set of blocks, a second set of blocks and an arch key block along a jig along a flat arc to form an arch, the first set of blocks forming a first half-arch of the arch delimited by the arch key and by one foot of the arch, the second set of blocks forming a second half-arch of the arch delimited by the key of the arch and a second foot of the arch, • establishment of a first flexible link and a second flexible link, each flexible link having a first end and a second end, the first flexible link extending along the first half-arch from the first foot to the arch key and the second flexible link extends along the second half-arch from the second foot to the arch key, each flexible link traversing the keystone block from a corresponding entrance face of the arch key to a corresponding exit face of the arch key, the second end of each flexible link extending out of the arch key through the corresponding exit face, • attaching the first end of each flexible link to the first or second corresponding foot of the arch, • pulling on the second end of each soft link to press the blocks against each other, and • attaching the second end of each flexible link to the arch key. According to other advantageous but non-obligatory aspects of the invention, the method comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in any technically possible combination: the method further comprises an erection step; of the arch implemented after the pulling step. during the implementation step, at least two first soft links and at least two second soft links are put in place, the second ends of one of the first soft links and one of the second soft links; protruding from the intrados of the arch key, the second ends of the other first flexible link and the other second flexible link protruding from the extrados of the arch key, and during the step of fixing the first end, the first end of each flexible link is fixed to the corresponding foot of the arch, the traction step comprising: • a traction, by a hoist, on the flexible links protruding from the extrados for erect the arch, and • traction on the flexible links protruding from the lower surface to press the blocks against each other, the step of fixing the second end being implemented after the pulling step. - The method further comprises a step of connecting the first foot to the second foot with a wire rope or with a rigid frame, the bonding step being implemented before the pulling step.

The features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of nonlimiting example and with reference to the appended drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a sectional view of FIG. an arch of a structure according to the invention, and - Figure 2 is a perspective view of the structure of Figure 1.

A first example of an arch 10 is shown in FIG. 1. The arch 10 comprises a plurality of blocks 15, at least a first flexible link 20 and at least a second flexible link 25. For example, the arch 10 has two first flexible links 20 and two second flexible links 25. The arch 10 has a first foot 30, a second foot 35, a lower surface 40 and an upper surface 45. The arch 10 is supported on the ground at its two feet 30 and 35. Each foot 30, 35 of the arch is formed by a block called a foot block. The intrados 40 is the lower face of the arch 10 when the arch 10 rests on the ground. In other words, the intrados 40 is the inner face of the arch 10. The upper surface 45 is the upper face of the arch 10 when the arch 10 rests on the ground. In other words, the extrados 45 is the outer face of the arch 10.

In the example of Figure 1, the arch 10 is a semicircular arch. A semicircular arch has a semicircular portion.

According to a variant not shown, the arch 10 is a arch arc-shaped broken.

Each block 15 is, for example, a concrete block such as a block of reinforced concrete. According to one embodiment, each block 15 comprises a container filled with concrete. The container is made of a metallic material such as steel. Concrete is, for example, a concrete comprising inclusions of a polymer such as polystyrene. Alternatively, at least one container is filled with polymeric foam, for example polyurethane foam. According to another variant, at least one container is filled with water or sand.

According to one embodiment, blocks 15 made of different materials are combined. In particular, at least one container has a lower compressive strength than the other blocks 15. For example, the arch 10 comprises blocks 15 each comprising a container filled with concrete and at least one block 15 comprising a container not filled with concrete or only partially filled with a material, for example concrete.

The plurality of blocks 15 comprises a first set of blocks 15, a second set of blocks 15 and a block 50 forming an arch key.

All the blocks 15, including the arch key 50, are disposed along a plane arc between the first leg 30 and the second leg 35. In other words, the blocks 15, 50 are aligned along the flat arc. A plane arc is a portion of a curve contained in a plane. When the arch 10 is supported on the ground by its two feet 30 and 35, the flat arc is substantially vertical.

Y and Z directions contained in the plane of the arc are shown in Figure 1. The Y and Z directions are perpendicular to each other. The Z direction is a vertical direction and the Y direction is a horizontal direction. A direction X, perpendicular to the two directions Y and Z, is also shown in FIG. 1. The direction X is thus also perpendicular to the plane arc of the arch 10.

The first set of blocks 15 constitutes a first half-arch 55 of the arch 10. The first half-arch 55 is delimited by the first foot 30 and by the arch key 50. In other words, the first half -Arche 55 extends between the first foot 30 and the key 50 arch.

The second set of blocks 15 constitutes a second half-arch 60 of the arch 10. The second half-arch 60 is delimited by the second foot 35 and by the arch key 50. In other words, the second half -Arche 60 extends between the second foot 35 and the key 50 arch.

Each block 15, 50 is, for example, in the form of a prism. According to the example of Figure 1, two blocks 15 respectively forming the feet 30, 35 of the arch 10 are rectangular-shaped prism, so parallelepipedic. According to the example of FIG. 1, the other blocks 15, including the arch key 50, are in the form of a trapezoidal prism. The smaller base of each prism forms part of the intrados 40 of the arch 10. The largest base of each prism forms part of the extrados 45 of the arch 10.

It should be noted that the shape, the dimensions and the number of the blocks 15 are capable of being modified to be adapted to a desired shape for the arch 10. For example, a plurality of blocks 15 of each half-arch 55, 60 are likely to be parallelepipedic in some embodiments.

According to one embodiment, each block 15, including the arch key 50, has a length, measured in the X direction, of between 50 centimeters (cm) and 2 meters (m), and a thickness measured between 1 extrados 45 and the underside 40, between 20 cm and 1 m.

The blocks 15 are, for example, fixed to each other by fastening elements 62. The fastening elements 62 are, for example, plates placed at the intrados 40 of the arches 10 and fixed simultaneously to two contiguous blocks 15. the arch 10. The plates are, for example, metal plates.

In a variant, the fastening elements 62 are metal staples fastened simultaneously to two contiguous blocks 15 of the arch 10.

The fixing elements 62 are, for example, accommodated in corresponding cavities of the blocks 15 of the arch 10, the cavities then being filled with concrete.

In a variant, the fastening elements 62 comprise a metal hanger.

The blocks 15 forming respectively the first foot 30 and the second foot 35 are directly connected to each other. In other words, the arch 10 has at least one connecting element 63 fixed to the first foot 30 and the second foot 35. The connecting element 63 is able to prevent a distance between the first foot 30 and the second foot To exceed a predetermined value. For example, the connecting element 63 is a metal cable. According to the embodiment of FIG. 1, the metal cable 63 is attached to two rings 90 carried respectively by the first leg 30 and the second leg 35.

In a variant, the connecting element 63 is a rigid reinforcement. For example, the connecting element 63 is a metal part. According to one embodiment, the connecting element 63 is a horizontal plate attached to the two legs 30, 35 of the arch 10.

The arch key 50 is the block 15 farthest from the ground when the arch 10 is resting on the ground by its two feet 30 and 35. According to the example of Figure 1, the arch key 50 belongs to a plane of symmetry of the arch 10. In particular, the two half-arches 55 and 60 are symmetrical to one another with respect to the plane of symmetry.

According to the example of FIG. 1, the arch key 50 comprises a lifting ring 64.

Each of the first half-arch 55 and the second half-arch 60 are traversed by at least one duct 65. For example, each of the first half-arch 55 and the second half-arch 60 is traversed by two ducts 65 distinct, of which only one is shown in Figure 1 for clarity.

The two ducts 65 of each half-arch 55, 60 are offset relative to each other in the direction X. The offset between the two ducts of the same half-arch is, for example, between 20 percent (%) and 70% of the length of the block (15) considered.

Each conduit 65 is configured to accommodate a single flexible link 20, 25 corresponding.

Each duct 65 passes through each block 15 of the corresponding half-arch 55, 60. In other words, each block 15 of the first and second half-arches 55, 60 is traversed by a portion of the conduit 65 corresponding. Each duct 65 is then formed by the meeting of the corresponding duct portions.

It is understood by "crossing" that a duct 65 or a portion of a duct 65 connects two openings formed in one or two distinct faces of the same block 15, 50. In other words, the duct 65 or the conduit portion 65 is opening.

For example, each duct portion 65 opens on two distinct faces of one another of the same block 15, 50. According to the example of Figure 1, each duct portion 65 opens on two opposite sides of the block. 15 correspondent.

Each duct 65 extends along a clean line in each half-arch 55, 60 of the arch 10.

For example, each duct 65 has a circular section around the clean line. In other words, each duct section 65 is disk-shaped whose center belongs to the clean line of the duct 65 in question. Each duct 65 has a diameter of between 20 millimeters (mm) and 100 mm.

The clean line of each duct 65 is, for example, parallel to the intrados 40 and to the extrados 45 of the arch 10.

The clean line of each duct 65 is, for example, parallel to the plane arc of the arch 10. The clean line of each duct 65 is included in a plane perpendicular to the direction X.

According to the example of Figure 1, each conduit portion 65 of the blocks 15 of the two half-arches 55, 60 of the arch 10 are cylindrical circular base around the clean line.

Each duct 65 passes through, in addition, the key 50. For example, each duct 65 passes through the key 50 from an entrance face 70 of the key 50 to an exit face 75 of the arch key 50, the entrance face 70 being distinct from the exit face 75.

The portion of each duct 65 which passes through the arch spanner 50 is, for example, in the form of a portion of a torus.

The inlet face 70 of a duct 65 is, for example, one of the non-parallel sides of the trapezoidal prism. The exit face 75 is, for example, the smallest of the bases of the prism. Thus, the exit face 75 forms part of the intrados 40 of the arch.

According to one embodiment, the duct portions 65 formed in the key 50 have a common opening opening on the outlet face 75. The common opening is, for example, oval or oblong. According to a variant, each duct portion 65 formed in the key 50 has an opening, opening on the exit face 75, distinct from the other openings in the key 50.

According to the example of FIG. 1, the outlet face 75 is common for each duct 65.

Each first flexible link 20 extends along the first half-arch 55 from the first foot 30 to the key 50. In particular, each first flexible link 20 passes through the key block 50 from an inlet face 70 to a corresponding outlet face 75.

Each second flexible link 25 extends along the second half-arch 60 from the second foot 35 to the arch key 50. In particular, each second flexible link 25 traverses the key block 50 from an inlet face 70 to a corresponding outlet face 75.

According to the embodiment of FIG. 1, each flexible link 20, 25 is accommodated in a corresponding conduit 65.

Each flexible link 20, 25 is a cable. For example, each flexible link 20, 25 is a wire rope.

In a variant, each flexible link 20, 25 is a chain.

According to one embodiment, each flexible link 20, 25 is made of steel.

Each first or second flexible link 20, 25 has a first end 80 and a second end 85.

The first end 80 of each flexible link 20, 25 is fixed to the corresponding first or second leg 30, 35 of the arch 10. For example, each first end 80 opens out of the block forming the corresponding foot 30 or 35 of the arch 10 and is attached to an anchor point 90 carried by the first or second foot 30, 35 considered.

It should be noted that other methods of fixing the first ends 80 are conceivable. For example, the first ends 80 are capable of being sealed in the block forming the corresponding first or second foot 30, 35 of the arch 10. According to one variant, each first end 80 comprises a blocking member having a section greater than section of the conduit 65 corresponding and for fixing the first end 80 to the corresponding foot 30 or 35 of the arch when a voltage is applied to the flexible link 20, 25 considered. According to another variant, each first end 80 is fixed by a self-locking device to the corresponding first or second leg 30, 35 of the arch 10.

The second end 85 of each flexible link 20, 25 extends out of the arch key 50 through the corresponding exit face 75. Each second end 85 is fixed to the arch key 50. For example, each second end 85 is attached to an anchor point 90 carried by the exit face 75. As a variant, each second end 85 is attached to the key of arch 50 by a self-locking device.

It should be noted that different types of fasteners may be used to fix the first and second ends 80 and 85. For example, the self-locking device is a base, or a mordache. Alternatively, other types of fasteners without self-locking devices may be used. For example, the attachment point 90 is a ring.

Each flexible link 20, 25 has a tension tending to bring the corresponding first or second foot 30, 35 of the arch key 50. For example, traction is exerted on the corresponding second end 85 before the second end 85 is fixed. at the key of Ark 50.

According to one embodiment, each flexible link 20, 25 comprises an energy dissipating device. A device formed of a metal bar around which the ends of two portions of the flexible link 20, 25 are clamped is an example of energy dissipating device. The arch 10 is, for example, integrated with a structure 95 shown in FIG. 2. The structure 95 is, for example, a protective structure against degrading materials, for example against falling rocks.

According to a variant, the structure 95 is backfilled externally, that is to say that materials such as earth or rocks are placed around the structure 95, which then delimits a tunnel whose structure 95 forms the inner frame. The structure 95 comprises at least one arch 10 but is capable of comprising a plurality of arches 10 forming a vault.

An example of a structure 95 comprising two arches 10 is shown in FIG. 2. The arches 10 are juxtaposed to one another. The arches 10 are aligned with each other in the X direction. For example, the plane arcs of the two arches 10 are parallel to each other.

According to one embodiment, the arches 10 are fixed to one another by fastening elements 100.

The fastening elements 100 are, for example, plates placed at the intrados 40 of the arches 10 and fixed simultaneously to a block 15 of each of the two arches 10. The plates are, for example, metal plates.

In a variant, the fastening elements 100 are metal staples attached simultaneously to a block 15 of each arch 10.

The fastening elements 100 are, for example, accommodated in corresponding cavities of the blocks 15 of each arch, the cavities then being filled with concrete.

According to one embodiment, each block 15 is traversed by at least one passage 105 extending in the direction X. Each fixing element 100 then comprises a metal element, such as a tube, inserted in corresponding passages 105 blocks 15 adjacent arches to secure these blocks 15 between them. The fixing element 100 comprises a pin received in an opening 106 opening on the lower surface 40 and communicating with the passageway 105 in which the fixing element 100 is received. The pin thus secures the fastening element 100 to each block 15 in which it is received.

For example, each block 15 is traversed by two passages 105 offset relative to each other and allowing the simultaneous fixing of the blocks 15 of an arch 10 to the blocks 15 of two adjacent arches 10. In this case, the fastening element 100 received in each passage 105 allows the block 15 to be fixed to a block 15 of one of two adjacent arches.

Thus, the fastening elements 100 may be placed in staggered rows to fix between them the blocks 15 of two adjacent arches 10.

The blocks 15 of the two arches 10 have, for example, the same length.

It should be noted that blocks of different lengths may be used for adjacent arches, or for half-arches 55, 60 distinct from the same arch. In the latter case, the structure 95 is capable of forming a curve in a horizontal plane.

According to one embodiment, the blocks 15 have a trapezoidal section in a horizontal plane so that the structure 95 forms a curve in a horizontal plane.

A method of making an arch 10 of the work 95 will now be described.

The manufacturing method comprises a disposition step, a setting step, a first end fixing step, a bonding step, a tensioning step, a second end fixing step and a step of 'erection.

During the disposal step, a template is placed on the ground. The template is, for example, a template arc-shaped. According to one embodiment, the outer face of the template is complementary to the lower surface 40.

During the disposal step, the template is placed horizontally on the ground.

The blocks 15, including the arch key 50, are then placed on the ground along the jig to form the arch 10. At the end of the disposition step, the blocks 15 are not contiguous. In particular, a distance between contiguous blocks is greater than or equal to 5 centimeters.

During the implementation step, each first flexible link 20 and each second flexible link 25 are put in place in the corresponding conduits 65. Thus, each first flexible link extends between the first leg 30 and the arch key 50, and each second flexible link 25 extends between the second leg 35 and the arch key 50.

In particular, the second end 85 of each flexible link 20, 25 extends out of the outlet face 75. The second end 85 of each flexible link 20, 25 is left free during the placing step.

The first end 80 of each flexible link 20, 25 is then fixed to the corresponding first or second leg 30, 35 of the arch 10 during the step of fixing the first end.

During the bonding step, the connecting element 63 is attached to the first foot 30 and the second foot 35.

After the binding step, during the tensioning step, the arch key 50 is fixed to the ground, then a pull is exerted on the second end 85 of each flexible link 20, 25 to put the link flexible 20, 25 in tension. Thus, the blocks 15 which constitute the arch 10 are pressed against each other and held in position by the tension of the flexible links 20, 25.

The traction is, for example, exerted simultaneously on each flexible link 20, 25. According to one variant, the various flexible links 20, 25 are successively tensioned.

Once put in tension, the second end 85 of each flexible link 20, 25 is fixed to the key of arch 50 during the step of fixing the second end.

Finally, during the erection stage, the arch 10 is raised so that the plane arc in which the blocks 15 are arranged is vertical. The arch 10 is raised by a lifting device which pulls on the lifting ring 64 of the key 50 and then drops the arch 10 to its final position, the two feet 30, 35 of the arch are resting on the ground.

The fastening elements 62 are then put in place to fix the blocks 15 of the arch 10 to one another. The arch 10 is then connected to the other arches 10 of the structure 95 by the fastening elements 100.

The setting up of Ark 10 is easy and fast. The arch 10 thus allows the manufacture of temporary works 95 for short periods, for example to protect workers working on a construction site, to implement a quick and effective solution for protection against falls of masses dévalantes.

By its simplicity, the arch 10 is likely to be used or maintained by non-specialized companies.

In addition, the arch 10 is robust and has good dynamic resistance capabilities due to its mass, a possible plastic deformation of the containers, a possible relative displacement between the blocks 15 and / or the possible deformation of the soft links. This dynamic resistance capacity is further enhanced by the use of dissipating devices or blocks 15 whose compressive strength is lower than for the other blocks 15. Such blocks 15 then act as fuses in the structure. The arch 10 is also easy to disassemble.

The connecting elements 63 prevent deformation of the arch 10 during its tensioning or during its use. In particular, the connecting elements 63 prevent the two feet 30, 35 of the arch 10 from moving apart from each other under the effect of the vertical load carried at the foot by the arch. However, it should be noted that, in some embodiments, at least one arch 10 has no connecting elements 63.

When the ducts 65 are equidistant from the lower surface 40 and the upper surface 45, the tensile force exerted on the flexible links 20, 25 more effectively blocks the blocks 15 against each other.

The curvature of the duct portions 65 formed in the arch key 50 reduces the friction experienced by the flexible links 20, 25.

By the use of the fasteners 100, the arches 10 are integral with each other and, in case of shock, the deformation of the arches 10 is more homogeneous and distributed over several arches 10. The strength of the structure is therefore improved.

It should be noted that, in some embodiments, at least one arch 10 has no connecting elements 63.

A second example of ark 10 will now be described. The elements identical to the first example of arch 10 are not described again. Only the differences are highlighted. The arch 10 does not have conduits 65.

Each flexible link 20, 25 is received in a groove in the upper surface 45 of each block 15 of the first and second half-arches 55, 60 of the arch 10. In this case, the entry face 70 of the key 50 of the arch forms a part of the upper surface 45 and the outlet face 75 forms part of the lower surface 40 of the arch 10. In other words, when the arch key 50 is in the form of a prism with trapezoidal base, the input face 70 is the face corresponding to the larger of the two bases of the trapezium and the exit face 75 is the face corresponding to the smallest of the bases of the trapezium.

The second example of arch 10 is easier to manufacture than the first example 10 because it is not necessary to thread the flexible links 20, 25 in the conduits 65 blocks 15 other than the key arch. The arch 10 has been described in the examples above in a case where the exit face 75 forms part of the intrados 40 of the arch 10. It should be noted that the exit face 75 is capable of to be moved in some cases. For example, the exit face 75 is the face of the arch key 50 which forms part of the extrados 45 of the arch 10.

The number and arrangement of soft links 20, 25 are also susceptible to change. For example, according to one embodiment, each half-arch 55, 60 is traversed by four ducts hosting flexible links 20, 25.

The clean lines of two of the ducts 65 pass through the ends of a first segment parallel to the intrados 40 and situated at a first distance from the intrados 40 and the clean lines of the two other ducts 65 pass through the ends of a second segment. parallel to the upper surface 45 and located at the same first distance from the extrados 45 of the block 15 in question. In other words, the clean lines are two to two symmetrical with respect to a median plane of the block 15. In this case, the two ducts 65 closest to the extrados open on the extrados 45 through the corresponding face. of the ark key 50 while the two ducts 65 closest to the intrados open on the intrados 40.

Thus, the second ends 85 of a first flexible link 20 and a second flexible link 25 protrude from the underside 40 of the key 50 and the second ends 85 of the other flexible links 20, 25 protrude from the extrados 45 of the key of arch 50.

During the pulling step, the arch key 50 is not fixed to the ground.

A traction on the flexible links 20, 25 contained in the two ducts 65 closest to the upper surface 45, exerted vertically by a lifting machine, then allows the erection of the arch 10. The other flexible links 20, 25 are then put in tension to press the blocks 15 against each other and thus shape the arch 10. During the step of fixing the second end, the flexible links leading to the intrados are then fixed to the arch key 50 to hold the arch 10 in position.

The first embodiment has been described in the case where the arch key 50 is fixed to the ground prior to the pulling step. It should be noted that other embodiments are likely to be envisaged, in which the arch key 50 is for example fixed to a temporary structure, to a construction machine, or is not fixed.

Claims (14)

1. - Work (95) comprising at least one arch (10) having a lower surface (40) and an upper surface (45), the arch (10) comprising a first half-arch (55), a second half-arch ( 60) and a block (50) forming an arch key, the first half-arch (55) having a first set of blocks (15) and extending between the arch key (50) and a first leg (30). ) of the arch (10), the second half-arch (60) having a second set of blocks (15) and extending between the arch key (50) and a second foot (35) of the arch (10), the blocks (15) of each arch (10) being arranged along a single plane arc between the first leg (30) and the second leg (35), characterized in that each arch (10) comprises in addition, at least a first flexible link (20) and at least one second flexible link (25), each first flexible link (25) extending along the first half-arch (55) from the first foot ( 30) to the arch key (50), each two first flexible link (25) extending along the second half-arch (60) from the second foot (35) to the arch key (50), each first or second flexible link (20, 25) having a first end (80) attached to the corresponding first or second foot (30,35) of the arch (10) and a second end (85), each flexible link (20,25) traversing the arch key block (50) from a corresponding entry face (70) of the arch key (50) to a corresponding exit face (75) of the arch key (50), the second end (85) of each flexible link (20, 25) extending out of the arch key (50) through the corresponding exit face (75), the second end (85) of each flexible link (20, 25) being attached to the arch key (50) and each flexible link (20, 25) having a tension tending to bring the corresponding first or second foot (30, 35) closer to the arch key (50). 2. - Work (95) according to claim 1, wherein the exit face (75) is common to all the flexible links (20, 25). 3. - Work (95) according to claim 2, wherein the common outlet face (75) forms a portion of the intrados (40) of the arch (10). 4. - Work (95) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising at least two first flexible links (20) and at least two second flexible links (25). 5. - Work (95) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each first or second flexible link (20, 25) is received in a conduit (65) passing through each block (15) of the first or second half-arch (55, 60) corresponding, each duct (65) extending along a clean line parallel to the intrados (40) and the extrados (45) of the arch. 6. - Work according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each flexible link (20) is accommodated in a groove in the upper surface of the corresponding half-arch (10). 7. - Work (95) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising a vault comprising at least two arches (10) juxtaposed and aligned in a direction (X) perpendicular to the arc of each arches (10). ). 8. - Work (95) according to claim 7, wherein blocks (15) of at least two arches (10) juxtaposed are connected to each other by metal fasteners (100). 9. - Work (95) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the feet (30, 35) of at least one arch (10) are directly connected to each other by a wire rope (63) or by a rigid frame (63). 10. - Work (95) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein blocks (15) of the same arch (10) are fixed to each other by fasteners (62). located on the intrados (40) of the arch (10). 11. - Method of manufacturing a structure (95) comprising at least one arch (10) having a lower surface (40) and an upper surface (45), the method comprising steps of: - placing on the ground of a first set of blocks (15), a second set of blocks (15) and an arch key block (50) along a jig along a planar arc to form an arch (10), the first set of blocks (15) forming a first half-arch (55) of the arch (10) delimited by the arch key (50) and a first foot (30) of the arch (10), the second set blocks (15) forming a second half-arch (60) of the arch (10) delimited by the arch key (50) and a second foot (35) of the arch (10), - setting place of a first flexible link (20) and a second flexible link (25), each flexible link (20, 25) having a first end (80) and a second end (85), the first flexible link (20). ) extending along the first of mid-arch (55) from the first foot (30) to the arch key (50) and the second flexible link (25) extending along the second half-arch (60) from the second foot (35) to the arch key (50), each flexible link (20, 25) traversing the arch key block (50) from a corresponding entry face (70) of the arch key (50) (50) to a corresponding exit face (75) of the arch key (50), the second end (85) of each flexible link (20, 25) extending out of the arch key ( 50) through the corresponding exit face (75), - fixing the first end (80) of each flexible link (20, 25) to the corresponding first or second foot (30, 35) of the arch (10), pulling on the second end (85) of each flexible link (20, 25) to press the blocks (15) against each other, and - fixing the second end (85) of each flexible link (20, 25) at the key of the arch (50). 12, - The method of claim 11, further comprising a step of erection of the arch (10) implemented after the pulling step. 13. - Method according to claim 11, wherein: during the implementation step, at least two first flexible links (20) and at least two second flexible links (25) are put in place, the second ends (85) of one of the first flexible links (20) and one of the second flexible links (25) protruding from the intrados (40) of the arch key (50), the second ends (85) ) of the other first flexible link (20) and the other second flexible link (25) protruding from the extrados (45) of the arch key, and - during the step of fixing the first end, the first end (80) of each flexible link (20, 25) is attached to the corresponding foot (30, 35) of the arch (10), the traction step comprising: - a traction, by a machine of lifting, on the flexible links (20, 25) protruding from the extrados (45) to erect the arch (10), and - a traction on the flexible links (20, 25) protruding from the intrados (40) for pressing the blocks (15) against each other, the step of fixing the second end being implemented after the pulling step. 14, - A method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, further comprising a step of connecting the first foot (30) to the second foot (35) with a wire rope (63) or with a rigid frame (63). ), the bonding step being carried out before the pulling step.