FR3065424A1 - RAILWAY CAR - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a rail car (10) for passenger transport, comprising at least one passenger compartment (15) and a heating system of the passenger compartment (15), the heating system comprising a source (70) of infra-red radiation. red, at least one waveguide (90) configured to guide the infra-red radiation generated by the source (70) and a diffuser configured to illuminate at least a portion of the traveler compartment (15) with infra-red radiation.

Description

® FRENCH REPUBLIC

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY © Publication number:

(to be used only for reproduction orders)

©) National registration number

065 424

53395

COURBEVOIE © Int Cl ⁸ : B 61 D 27/00 (2017.01), H 05 B 3/00, G 02 B 6/00, F 24 D 13/02

A1 PATENT APPLICATION

©) Date of filing: 19.04.17. (© Priority: © Applicant (s): ALSTOM TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGIES — FR. @ Inventor (s): TERRIER JEAN-LUC. ©) Date of availability of the request: 26.10.18 Bulletin 18/43. ©) List of documents cited in the preliminary search report: See the end of this booklet (© References to other related national documents: ® Holder (s): ALSTOM TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGIES. ©) Extension request (s): (© Agent (s): LAVOIX.

FR 3 065 424 - A1 (04) RAIL CAR.

The invention relates to a rail car (10) for transporting passengers, comprising at least one passenger compartment (15) and a heating system for the passenger compartment (15), the heating system comprising a radiation source (70). infrared, at least one waveguide (90) configured to guide the infrared radiation generated by the source (70) and a diffuser configured to illuminate at least a portion of the passenger compartment (15) with infrared radiation red.

Railway car

The present invention relates to a passenger rail car.

Rail passenger cars are equipped with heating systems to control the temperature of the passenger compartment and in particular to maintain this temperature at an acceptable level in winter. These heating systems frequently take the form of reversible air conditioning capable of injecting air heated by a heat source into the passenger compartment.

The heat source is generally an electrical system, comprising for example a heating resistor. This is particularly the case for rail cars towed by an electric locomotive powered by overhead lines. When the locomotive is a locomotive with a combustion engine, electricity is supplied by an electric generator on board the locomotive.

The aforementioned heating systems therefore transmit their heat to travelers mainly by conduction or thermal convection. Thus, in order to increase the temperature felt by travelers, it is necessary to heat the entire passenger compartment. The thermal inertia of the passenger compartment then prevents rapid adjustment of the temperature felt by travelers. In addition, railway cars being generally stopped during the night, these cool down, and it is necessary to heat them again in the morning, which leads to significant energy consumption due to their high thermal inertia. .

The object of the invention is to provide a rail passenger car which is more energy efficient.

To this end, the subject of the invention is a rail passenger transport car, comprising at least one passenger compartment and a heating system for the passenger compartment, the heating system comprising a source of infrared radiation, at least one guide. of waves configured to guide the infrared radiation generated by the source and a diffuser configured to illuminate at least a portion of the passenger compartment with the infrared radiation.

According to particular embodiments of the invention, the railway car comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken in isolation or in any technically possible combination:

- the railway car further comprises a technical compartment separate from the passenger compartment, the source being accommodated in the technical compartment;

- the passenger compartment and the technical compartment are offset from each other along the rail car;

- the waveguide is an optical fiber;

- the optical fiber is made of silica-based glass;

- the optical fiber is made of silica-based glass with a low content of hydroxyl groups;

- the optical fiber is made of fluorinated glass;

- the optical conductor comprises a metal waveguide;

- the metal waveguide is made of aluminum;

- The railway car comprises a set of seats, at least one optical diffuser being configured to illuminate with the infrared radiation a passenger seated on a seat.

The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of nonlimiting example and made with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a railway vehicle car comprising a heating system, and

- Figure 2 is a schematic representation of another example of a heating system.

A rail car 10 is shown in Figure 1. The rail car 10 is a passenger transport car. The car 10 is configured to be integrated into a rail vehicle such as a train or a train. The vehicle then comprises at least one car 10, for example several cars 10.

A longitudinal direction DL is defined for the rail car 10. The longitudinal direction DL is the direction in which the rail car 10 is configured to move.

The railway car 10 comprises a passenger compartment 15, a technical compartment 20, a heating system, a first end wall 25, a second end wall 30, a floor 35, a ceiling 40, a roof 45 and an interior partition 50.

The railway car 10 is delimited, in the longitudinal direction DL, by the first end wall 25 and the second end wall 30.

The passenger compartment 15 is configured to accommodate a set of passengers.

The passenger compartment 15 is delimited in the longitudinal direction DL, by the second end wall 30 and by the internal partition 50. The traveler compartment 15 is delimited, in a vertical direction, by the floor 35 and the ceiling 40.

The passenger compartment 15 has a length, measured in the longitudinal direction DL, of between 10 meters (m) and 30 m. The passenger compartment 15 has a width, measured in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction DL, of between 2 m and 3 m.

The passenger compartment 15 includes a set of passenger seats. “Passenger seat” is understood to mean a volume of the passenger compartment 15 intended to accommodate a traveler.

For example, the passenger compartment 15 comprises a set of seats 55 and a circulation space 60.

Each seat 55 is suitable for accommodating a seated passenger.

According to the example of Figure 1, each seat 55 is configured to allow the passenger to sit in the direction of travel. It should be noted that other arrangements of the seats 55 may be used for the passenger compartment 15.

Another example of a passenger seat is a space configured to allow a passenger to stand. For example, the circulation space 60 is a volume devoid of seat 55 and allowing one or more passengers to move or to stand. For example, the circulation space 60 is equipped with handles allowing passengers to hold back in the event of braking of the railway car 10.

The ceiling 40 and the roof 45 define a service volume 65 located above the passenger compartment 15.

The technical compartment 20 is configured to at least partially accommodate the heating system.

The technical compartment 20 is separated from the passenger compartment 15. For example, the technical compartment 20 is separated from the traveler compartment 15 by the interior partition 50.

According to the example of FIG. 1, the technical compartment 20 is delimited in the longitudinal direction DL by the first end wall 25 and by the internal partition 50.

The technical compartment 20 and the passenger compartment 15 are offset with respect to each other along the rail car 10. For example, the technical compartment 20 and the passenger compartment 15 are aligned with each other according to the longitudinal direction DL.

As a variant, the technical compartment 20 is located above the traveler compartment 15. According to another variant, the technical compartment 20 is located below the traveler compartment 15.

In FIG. 1, the railway car 10 is equipped with a first example of a heating system.

The heating system is configured to heat at least part of the passenger compartment 15. The heating system comprises an infrared source 70 and at least one optical conductor 75.

The infrared source 70 is configured to emit infrared radiation R. The infrared radiation consists of electromagnetic waves having a wavelength between 500 nanometers and 2.5 millimeters.

Infrared radiation R has, for example, a near infrared wavelength. Near infrared wavelengths are infrared wavelengths less than 3.5 microns.

According to one embodiment, the infrared source 70 is configured to generate infrared radiation R having a power of between 1 kilowatts (kW) and 10 kW. For example, the infrared radiation R is equal to 3 kW.

The infrared source 70 comprises, for example, an infrared emitter capable of emitting infrared radiation R when the infrared emitter is heated to high temperature. “High temperature” is understood to mean a temperature greater than or equal to 300 ° C., for example greater than or equal to 500 ° C., for example greater than or equal to 1000 ° C.

Heated transmitters are frequently used in radiant heating systems, for example on cafe terraces. The wavelength and power of the R radiation then depend on the temperature of the emitter.

It should be noted that other types of sources are likely to be used. For example, in a variant, the source 70 is a laser source.

The source 70 is received in the technical compartment 20.

Each optical conductor 75 is configured to receive the infrared radiation R from the source 70 and to illuminate at least a portion of the traveler compartment 15 with the infrared radiation R.

Each optical conductor 75 has a first end 80, a second end 85 and a waveguide 90.

The first end 80 is configured to receive infrared radiation R from the source 70.

Each second end 85 is configured to illuminate at least a portion of the passenger compartment 15 with infrared radiation R. For example, each second end 85 is configured to illuminate at least one passenger seat with infrared radiation R.

At least a second end 85 is configured to illuminate a passenger seated in a seat 55 with the radiation R.

Alternatively, at least a second end 85 is configured to illuminate a standing passenger with infrared radiation R. For example, at least a second end 85 is configured to illuminate a standing passenger in the traffic space 60 with infrared radiation R .

In the example of FIG. 1, the passenger compartment 15 comprises six second ends 85 each configured to illuminate a passenger seated on a seat 55 with infrared radiation R, and a second end 85 configured to illuminate at least a portion of the circulation space 60.

It should be noted that the number and the arrangement of the second ends 85 may be adapted as a function of the configuration of the passenger compartment 15.

According to one embodiment, at least one second end 85 configured to illuminate a passenger seated on a seat 55 is fixed above the corresponding seat 55.

At least one second end 85 is fixed to the ceiling 40. For example, the second end 85 is fixed to the ceiling 40 above a seat 55 or the circulation space 60. According to a variant, at least one second end 85 is fixed to a luggage rack located above a seat 55.

According to one embodiment, at least a second end 85 is fixed under a seat 55. In this case, the second end 85 is configured to illuminate the lower part of the body of a passenger standing in the circulation space 60.

Each waveguide 90 is configured to guide the infrared radiation R between the first end 80 and the second end 85. According to the example of FIG. 1, the waveguide 90 is received in the service volume 65.

The waveguide 90 is, for example, a metallic waveguide. A metallic waveguide comprises one or more metallic walls each suitable for reflecting infrared radiation R.

The waveguide 90 is, for example, made of aluminum. Alternatively, the waveguide 90 is made of another metallic material.

According to one embodiment, the waveguide 90 is made of a plastic material covered with a layer of metal.

Alternatively, the waveguide 90 is an optical fiber, preferably an optical fiber accepting lossless wavelengths between 0.5 micrometers and 2.5 millimeters.

It should be noted that the same waveguide 90 is capable of connecting the same first end 80 to one or more second ends 85. According to the example in FIG. 1, a single waveguide 90 guides infrared radiation R between the first end 80 and each of the seven second ends 85 of the same optical conductor 75. The optical conductor 75 then acts as a power divider, dividing the infrared radiation R received from the source 70 into a plurality of infrared radiation R each illuminating part of the passenger compartment 15.

According to one embodiment, the heating system comprises a plurality of optical conductors 75, each optical conductor 75 comprising a single waveguide 90 and a single second end 85.

The use of infrared radiation makes it possible to modify the temperature perceived by the passengers without modifying the air temperature in the rail car 10.

Thanks to the invention, the heating system is capable of heating passengers of the railway car 10 without necessarily heating the rest of the passenger compartment 15, for example by conduction or by convection. The temperature felt by the passengers of the railway car 10 is then higher. The heating system is therefore more efficient than the heating systems of the prior art. The railway car 10 is therefore more energy efficient than the state of the art railway cars.

In addition, through the use of optical conductors 75, the infrared source 70 is located in the technical compartment 20 and therefore isolated from passengers. This is particularly important when the infrared source 70 includes a transmitter heated to high temperature. The heating system is therefore more secure.

In addition, the technical compartment 20 is capable of being ventilated independently of the passenger compartment 15, from which it is separated. This then makes it possible to ensure control of the atmosphere of the technical compartment 20 without affecting the temperature of the passenger compartment 15.

The use of a metallic 90 waveguide allows the transmission of a wide range of wavelengths. Here again, the heating system is more efficient.

A second example of a heating system will now be described with reference to FIG. 2. The elements identical to the first example of a heating system in FIG. 1 are not described again. Only the differences are highlighted.

The infrared radiation source 70 comprises a bar 95, an electrical source and a concentrator 100.

The bar 95 is capable of emitting infrared radiation R.

The bar 95 comprises a tube 105 and an electrical resistor 110.

The tube 105 is configured to emit infrared radiation R when the tube 105 is heated to high temperature.

The tube 105 is, for example, made of quartz.

The tube 105 is, for example, cylindrical with a circular base and has an axis A. The tube 105 has a length L, an outside diameter D and an inside diameter d.

Resistor 110 heats up when it is crossed by an electric current.

The resistor 110 is connected to the electrical source for the passage of an electric current through the resistor 110.

The resistor 110 is arranged to heat the tube 105, preferably at high temperature, when the resistor 110 is crossed by the electric current.

Resistor 110 is here received in tube 105.

The concentrator 100 is configured to receive infrared radiation R from the bar 95, to concentrate infrared radiation R and to inject infrared radiation R into the first end 80 of the optical conductor 75.

According to one embodiment, the concentrator 100 surrounds the tube 105 in a plane perpendicular to the axis A of the tube 105.

The concentrator 100 includes a set of lenses 115.

Each lens 115 is a converging lens. For example, each lens is a Fresnel lens.

It should be noted that other types of convergent lenses 115 may be used.

Each lens 115 is made of silica-based glass with a low content of hydroxyl groups.

According to the example of FIG. 2, each lens 115 is associated with a corresponding first end 80 in which the lens 115 is capable of concentrating and injecting part of the infrared radiation R.

The waveguide 90 is an optical fiber. For example, waveguide 90 is an optical fiber made from silica-based glass. Silica-based glass, also called "quartz glass" is an amorphous form of silica, frequently obtained by fusing quartz.

According to one embodiment, the optical fiber is made of silica-based glass with a low content of hydroxyl groups. For example, the optical fiber is silica-based glass with a content of hydroxyl groups less than or equal to 10 per million.

Glasses based on silica with a low content of hydroxyl groups generally have very high transmission rates in the infrared range.

According to a variant, the optical fiber is made of fluorinated glass. Fluorinated glasses are glasses comprising fluorine-based molecules such as ZrF4 or lnF3.

According to one embodiment, the lenses 115 are made of fluorinated glass.

According to the example of FIG. 2, the optical conductor 75 comprises a single optical fiber 90 having a plurality of first ends 80. According to a variant, the optical conductor 75 comprises a bundle of optical fibers 90, each optical fiber 90 having a single first end corresponding to a single lens 115.

Each third end 85 includes an optical diffuser 120.

The railway car 10 further comprises a lamp 125. The lamp 125 is configured to emit visible light LV. The lamp 125 includes, for example, a light emitting diode.

The lamp 125 is configured to inject visible light LV into a first end 80 of the optical conductor 75.

Each optical diffuser 120 is configured to receive infrared radiation R from the waveguide 90 and to illuminate at least a portion of the traveler compartment 15 with infrared radiation.

Each optical diffuser 120 is further configured to receive visible light LV from the waveguide 90 and to illuminate at least a portion of the traveler compartment 15 with visible light LV.

Each optical diffuser 120 is configured to distribute the infrared radiation R and / or the visible light LV received on a surface greater than the cross-sectional area of the waveguide 90. For example, each optical diffuser 120 is configured to distribute the infrared radiation R and / or visible light LV received on a surface greater than or equal to 50 square centimeters.

Each optical diffuser 120 has an arrangement 130 of fibers.

The arrangement 130 is configured to receive the infrared radiation R and to illuminate at least a portion of the passenger compartment 15 with the infrared radiation.

Arrangement 130 is, for example, a fabric. A fabric is an arrangement obtained by the regular assembly of crossed fibers, for example at right angles.

Alternatively, the arrangement 130 is a nonwoven arrangement.

Each arrangement 130 at least partially covers one face of a partition in the passenger compartment 15 or of an object located in the passenger compartment 15.

According to one embodiment, the arrangement 130 further comprises, on its face opposite the face of the passenger compartment 15 that the arrangement 130 covers, a layer capable of reflecting infrared radiation towards the interior of the passenger compartment 15 R and / or visible light LV.

Arrangement 130 comprises, for example, fibers of a first type and fibers of a second type.

Each fiber of the first type is a conductive fiber of infrared radiation R. For example, each fiber of the first type is made of a silica-based glass.

Each fiber of the second type is conductive of visible light LV. In particular, each fiber of the second type is made of glass transparent to visible light.

Each fiber of the first or second type is suitable for receiving at one end the infrared radiation R or the visible light LV and for illuminating at least part of the traveler compartment 15 with the infrared radiation R or the visible light LV received. For example, each fiber has a rough side surface capable of at least partially diffusing the infrared radiation R or the visible light LV out of the fiber.

Each fiber of the first or second type is capable of receiving infrared radiation R or visible light LV at one end and of transmitting infrared radiation R or visible light LV to fibers of the same type with which the fiber in question is in contact.

According to one embodiment, the fibers of the first type are distinct from the fibers of the second type. For example, the optical conductor 75 comprises a first waveguide 95 configured to receive the infrared radiation R from the source 70 and to transmit the infrared radiation R to the fibers of the first type, and a second waveguide 95 configured to receive visible light LV from lamp 125 and for transmitting visible light LV to fibers of the second type.

According to a variant, the arrangement 130 comprises fibers capable of conducting both the infrared radiation R and the visible light LV. In this case, the optical conductor 75 comprises, for example, a single waveguide 95 configured to receive, at one or more of its first ends 80, the infrared radiation R emitted by the source 70 and the visible light LV emitted by the lamp 125. The waveguide 95 then simultaneously transmits the infrared radiation R and the visible light LV to the arrangement 130.

According to one embodiment, the fibers of the first type or of the second type are integrated into a matrix of fibers of a third type. Fibers of the third type are fibers woven together. For example, the fibers of the first and second type are substantially parallel to each other and are held in position by the woven matrix.

Arrangement 130 defines an illumination surface. The illumination surface has an area greater than or equal to 100 square centimeters.

Thanks to the use of an arrangement 130 of fibers, the infrared radiation R is emitted in the traveler compartment 15 by a large illumination surface. The risk of eye damage to passengers looking directly at the lighting surface is therefore reduced.

In addition, the use of arrangements 130 to emit visible light LV in the passenger compartment also makes it possible to simplify the manufacture of the railway car and to reduce its cost, since it is then no longer necessary to provide wall lights distributed in the passenger compartment 15.

Bar 95 is an effective source of infrared radiation R at a wavelength of about 1 micrometer. This wavelength is particularly suitable for being transported by an optical fiber 90, and in particular a silica-based glass optical fiber. In addition, the rod 95 is inexpensive compared to other types of infrared radiation sources.

The concentrator 100 allows efficient collection of infrared radiation R. The various examples and embodiments described above are capable of being combined with one another to generate new embodiments.

Claims (10)

1, -Rail car (10) for passenger transport, comprising at least one passenger compartment (15) and a heating system for the passenger compartment (15), characterized in that the heating system comprises a radiation source (70) infrared, at least one waveguide (90) configured to guide the infrared radiation generated by the source (70) and a diffuser (120) configured to illuminate at least a portion of the passenger compartment (15) with the infrared radiation. 2. - Railway passenger car (10) according to claim 1, further comprising a technical compartment (20) separate from the passenger compartment (15), the source (70) being received in the technical compartment (20) . 3. - Railway car (10) for passenger transport according to claim 2, the passenger compartment (15) and the technical compartment (20) being offset relative to each other along the rail car (10) . 4. - Railway car (10) for passenger transport according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the waveguide (90) is an optical fiber. 5. - Railway passenger transport car according to claim 4, wherein the optical fiber (90) is made of silica-based glass. 6. - Railway passenger transport car according to claim 5, in which the optical fiber (90) is made of silica-based glass with a low content of hydroxyl groups. 7. - Railway passenger transport car according to claim 4, in which the optical fiber (90) is made of fluorinated glass. 8. - Railway car (10) for passenger transport according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the waveguide is metallic. 9. - Railway car (10) for passenger transport according to claim 8, wherein the waveguide (90) is made of aluminum. 10. A railway car (10) for transporting passengers according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising a set of seats (55), in which at least one optical diffuser (120) is configured to illuminate with the infra-red radiation. -red one 5 passenger seated in a seat (55). ί / 2 2/2 cm U.