FR3065062A1 - METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR CONTROLLING THE QUALITY AND / OR AIR TEMPERATURE OF A BUILDING - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for controlling the quality and / or temperature of air in a building (10) comprising an air transport circuit in fluid communication upstream thereof with a set of air intake (13), said assembly comprising an inlet (14) of air for admitting air outside said building (10), at least one air heating device by absorption of solar radiation and an arrival (15) air coming from the interior of the building (10), said transport circuit comprising a device (22) for thermal storage, in which - the nature and possibly the temperature, of the air received in said intake assembly, then - said defined air is circulated from said intake assembly in said transport circuit, by means of a single ventilation unit (21), said air flowing through said device (22) of thermal storage to a bifurcation zone comprising one t an entry in communication with a passage (23) towards the interior of the building (10) and secondly, an outward port (24) of the building (10), a selection device being arranged for selectively choose said outlet port (24) or said passage (23), said ventilation unit (21) thus making it possible to renew at least part of the air of the building (10) and / or to heat or cool the air as well as defined.

Description

Field of the invention

The present invention relates to a method for controlling the quality and / or the temperature of the air in a building such as a dwelling or a tertiary building (offices, stores, etc.) or industrial (factories, workshops, etc.). ..) or the heating of an enclosure for industrial use.

It also relates to an installation for the implementation of this control process.

Technological background

There are many methods for regulating the temperature in homes.

Some of these methods use the thermodynamic properties of a refrigerant to provide heating / air conditioning in rooms in a home.

For example, it is thus known to have one or more groups outside a dwelling, each group comprising an exchanger with the outside air, a compressor for compressing a refrigerant and a fan, and one or more units of blowing placed in each room of the house to be treated.

If the resulting installation effectively regulates the temperature inside the parts to be treated, it nevertheless poses many disadvantages in that these external groups are unsightly, difficult to hide, noisy especially when they are multiple.

In addition, such an installation is also expensive to maintain in good condition.

It is moreover known that such methods do not make it possible to improve the quality of the indoor air, in particular by ensuring the replacement of the stale indoor air with fresh air coming from outside the dwelling.

However, it is essential to ensure such a renewal, in particular for hygienic reasons.

It is thus necessary to have another system, in addition to the installation allowing the regulation / air conditioning of the rooms of a dwelling, to proceed to the renewal of the air in particular in sensitive rooms such as kitchens, toilets and bathrooms.

For illustration, double flow ventilation can be used to renew the air in an enclosed building. It typically consists of the installation of air intake vents in living rooms (living room, office, bedrooms, ...) and air extraction vents in rooms with specific pollution.

The fresh air intake and stale air extraction vents are connected to a box incorporating two fans each ensuring a specific function, the first blowing fresh air through the intake vents. air, the second the extraction of stale air by the extraction vents.

However, it can be seen that state-of-the-art ventilation techniques for dwellings generate heat losses linked to the introduction of fresh air, which increases the energy cost to keep the air at a temperature target in housing, especially in winter.

In addition, these various systems and installations complicate the structure of a modern dwelling since it is necessary to multiply the circulation networks of fluids.

This also increases the overall cost of housing.

The increase in the number of fans also increases the maintenance costs of these systems and installations.

However, we are currently looking for simpler technical solutions for heating and air conditioning for buildings that consume little energy such as low-consumption or passive buildings, while being able to ensure air renewal in order to comply with regulations. in force and anticipate future regulations on air quality.

Subject of the invention

The present invention therefore aims to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art and to meet the above constraints by proposing a method and an installation for controlling the quality and / or the temperature of the air in an enclosed building. , simple in their design and in their operating mode, of an easy maintenance while being inexpensive.

Another object of the present invention is such an installation having a significant reduction in the number of fans required for the renewal of air and the blowing of hot or cold air into the closed building, and consequently of a time reduced assembly while ensuring the required functions.

The invention also relates to a building equipped with such an installation for controlling the quality and / or the air temperature in the closed building. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

To this end, the invention relates to a method for controlling the quality and / or the temperature of the air in a building comprising an air transport circuit, said circuit being in fluid communication upstream thereof. with an air intake assembly, said intake assembly comprising an air intake for admitting air outside said building, at least one device for heating the air by absorption of solar radiation and an inlet for air from inside the building to recirculate said air, said transport circuit comprising a thermal storage device for absorbing and storing heat or cold transported by said air, in which

- the nature, and possibly the temperature, of the air received in said intake assembly is first determined, then

- circulating said air thus defined from said intake assembly in said transport circuit, by means of a single ventilation unit, said air circulating through said thermal storage device towards a bifurcation zone, said bifurcation zone comprising on the one hand an entrance in communication with a passage towards the interior of the building and on the other hand, an exit port towards the outside of the building, a selection device being arranged to selectively choose said exit port or said passage, said ventilation unit thus making it possible to at least partially renew the air in the building and / or to heat or cool the air thus defined.

The expression “the nature of the air” is understood here to mean the fact of deciding the nature of the air received in said intake assembly and of acting on one or more elements of this assembly of air intake to obtain said nature of air.

The term “the nature” of the air admitted into the intake assembly means air quality or in other words, if this air is purely fresh air coming from outside the building, only air from inside the building or a mixture of the two, the respective proportions of the mixture being a function of the quality of the air inside the building and the desired air temperature of the mixture.

Thanks to the invention, it is advantageously by means of the same single ventilation unit ensuring the renewal of at least part of the air in the building as well as the cooling or heating of the room or rooms to be treated. of this building.

Of course, in winter or in cold weather, this process can consist of heating fresh air coming from outside the building and / or recycled air coming from inside the building to a temperature greater than or equal to that desired in the building. This heating can be obtained in the intake assembly thanks to the air heating device by absorption of solar radiation and / or by the passage of air thus defined in the thermal storage device.

In summer or in hot weather, this process can consist of cooling the fresh air outside the building and / or the recycled air coming from inside the building to a temperature lower than that desired in the building by heat exchange of the air thus defined with the thermal storage device.

This building is advantageously overpressure.

In different particular embodiments of this method, each having its particular advantages and susceptible of numerous possible technical combinations:

- said ventilation unit comprises at least one fan, said ventilation unit being placed upstream or downstream of said thermal storage device in said air transport circuit.

When said ventilation unit comprises at least two fans, said fans are advantageously placed in parallel to offer a greater range of modulation of the air flow.

The implementation of at least two fans also ensures more secure operation, since one of them can break down.

- mixing air outside said building with air coming from inside the building in said intake assembly.

Preferably, having reabsorbed at least one measurement of the air quality (carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) rate, volatile organic compound (VOC) rate, humidity, ...) present inside the building, said measurement or measurements are compared beforehand with regard to at least one set value and then said mixture to be produced is determined.

Furthermore, by passing it through the storage device, it is ensured that the air injected into the building has the desired temperature, in particular when the sun does not allow sufficient warm air in winter or in cold periods. said at least one air heating device by absorption of solar radiation.

Thus, and by way of example, during the day, it is possible to heat the fresh air coming from outside the building, the recycled air or a mixture of two, with an excess of calories which will be stored in said device. thermal storage in order to be returned at night to the air circulating in said transport duct.

each air heating device by absorption of solar radiation comprising an outer wall and an inner wall separated by an air space, said outer wall being intended to receive said solar radiation and said inner wall being intended to absorb at least part of said solar radiation, the air thus defined is heated by establishing an air circulation, for example of the Tichelmann type, along the external face of said internal wall, which partially delimits an external air circulation duct said air heater.

The closed configuration of each air heating device by absorbing solar radiation makes it possible to limit, or even avoid, a reduction in its performance by the dust which would otherwise be deposited by the air circulating between its walls.

It also prevents any possible degradation of air quality. Indeed, if the air present in the intake assembly circulated between the walls of said at least one air heating device by absorption of solar radiation, its quality could be affected by the degassing of the walls of each heating device exposed to high temperatures.

- The temperature is controlled in said at least one air heating device by absorption of solar radiation and / or in said duct partially delimited by said at least one heating device to avoid possible deterioration of this or these.

- Said ventilation unit comprising at least one variable speed fan and measuring the temperature in the downstream part of said air circulation duct, the speed of each ventilator is adjusted in order to control the temperature of the air circulating in said duct transport.

It is possible to admit into said air intake assembly only air coming from outside the building and to circulate this air in a bypass or bypass duct, connected on the one hand to the inlet of the thermal storage device and on the other hand, at the outlet thereof, so that this heated air does not circulate in the thermal storage device but leaves directly through the outlet port or is used.

Such an embodiment allows, for example, the cooling of each air heating device by absorption of solar radiation without affecting the temperature of the thermal storage device.

- In said intake assembly, only outside air is received at a temperature distinct from the temperature of the storage device, which is optionally heated by said at least one heating device, and said outside air is circulated through from said thermal storage device directly to said outlet port in order to modify its temperature.

For purely illustrative purposes, overnight, outside air is admitted into said intake assembly, which has a temperature lower than that of the thermal storage device, and said air is circulated through said thermal storage device and directly to the exit port of the building to lower the temperature of this thermal storage device. The temperature inside the building is thus preserved while, during the day, hot air admitted into the intake assembly to be introduced into the building after being cooled by heat exchange with the storage device.

The installation can also be operated in a so-called overstocking mode in which, thanks to said at least one heating device, air overheats only from outside said building and this superheated air is circulated through said thermal storage device directly to the outlet port in order to supply the calories necessary for the thermal storage device.

Such an overstocking mode can be used to rapidly raise the temperature of the storage device.

The present invention also relates to an installation for implementing the method for controlling the quality and / or the temperature of the air in a building as described above, said installation comprising an air transport circuit in communication with fluid upstream thereof with an air intake assembly, said intake assembly comprising an air intake for admitting air outside said building, at least one air heating device by absorption of solar radiation and an air intake coming from inside the building to recirculate said air, said circuit comprising a thermal storage device for absorbing and storing heat or cold transported by said air, said circuit comprising downstream or upstream of said thermal storage device, a single ventilation unit for extracting the air received in said intake assembly and moving it in said transport circuit, through said device thermal storage and towards a bifurcation zone, said bifurcation zone comprising on the one hand an inlet in communication with a passage towards the interior of the building and on the other hand, an outlet port towards the exterior of the building, a selection device being arranged to selectively choose said outlet port or said passage, said ventilation unit thus making it possible to at least partially renew the air in the building and / or to heat or cool the air thus defined.

According to one aspect of the installation of the invention, this ventilation unit comprises at least one fan, this ventilation unit being placed upstream or downstream of said thermal storage device.

Preferably, when this ventilation unit comprises several fans, these are placed in parallel.

According to another aspect of the installation of the invention, it comprises a bypass pipe, or bypass, constituting a parallel air circulation duct, joining the inlet of the thermal storage device and the outlet of this last.

Such an embodiment advantageously allows the evacuation of superheated air directly to the exit port of the building without affecting the temperature of the thermal storage device. This is particularly achieved in the event of excessive heating in the air heating device (s) by absorption of solar radiation in order to cool the one or these.

Advantageously, such an embodiment also authorizes the use of the air heated by said at least one device for heating the air by absorption of solar radiation, without any heat exchange taking place between this heated air. transported and the thermal storage device.

According to yet another aspect of the installation of the invention, the air heating device by absorbing solar radiation comprises an outer wall an inner wall separated from one another by an air gap, the face exterior of said interior wall defining a part of at least one duct in which the air passing through said intake assembly can circulate.

Advantageously, said at least one duct is configured to determine a Tichelmann type air circulation. This ensures that the losses between the inlet and the outlet of the duct are balanced because whatever the path taken by the air molecules, each will have traveled the same distance and encountered substantially the same pressure losses.

According to another aspect of the installation of the invention, said thermal storage device comprises solid elements with a particle size between 20 and 100 mm such as rollers, preferably alluvial rollers mainly consisting of silica having a mean diameter between 40 and 60 mm.

Alternatively, it may also include cans, the interior volume of each of which is completely filled with concrete, raw earth, water or a phase change material, these cans being sealed when they contain a liquid.

Of course, it could also be any other container, or container, made of any material and the shape and nature of which are determined to control the pressure drops.

The present invention also relates to a building equipped with an installation as described above.

Preferably, said thermal storage device is placed at least partly in the ground by being received in or by defining a part duditο of said air transport circuit. This thermal storage device advantageously comprises an envelope, for example defined by insulating walls, in which the solid thermal storage elements are received.

The term “soil” here must be understood in the broad sense and covers both natural soil such as a volume of soil, a rock stratum, and a finished soil such as the basement of a building, foundations of a building and their geological environment, elements and assemblies of structural elements of a building (walls, slabs ...), or the equivalent.

îo BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Other advantages, aims and particular characteristics of the present invention will emerge from the description which follows, made, for explanatory purposes and in no way limitative, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

- Figure 1 is a sectional view of a building equipped with an installation for controlling the quality and / or temperature of the air according to a particular embodiment of the present invention;

- Figure 2 shows schematically a sectional plan view of the thermal storage device of the installation of FIG. 1;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

First, note that the figures are not to scale.

Figures 1 and 2 schematically represent a building equipped with an installation for controlling the quality and / or the air temperature according to a particular re-absorption mode of the present invention.

By way of illustration only, this low energy consumption building (BBC) is a sports complex comprising in particular a basement 11 and a large room 12 for practicing sporting activities.

This building 10 has thick and double glazing having thermal and sound insulating power from outside noise (not shown). In the absence of a security grid, the panes will be burglar-proof panes.

The installation for controlling the quality and / or temperature of the air comprises a circuit for transporting air partly received in the basement 11 of building 10.

This circuit is in fluid communication upstream of the latter with an air intake assembly 13.

This air intake assembly 13 comprises an air inlet 14 for admitting outside air to the building 10, a plurality of devices for heating the air by absorption of solar radiation placed on the facade of the building 10 , an air inlet 15 coming from inside the building to recycle this air.

It also includes only movable valves and / or valves (not shown) which are remotely controlled to ensure the selection of the air quality, ie fresh air coming from outside and / or recycled air coming from inside of the building, and the circulation of air in this assembly 13 of air intake, in particular for heating this air by the heating devices by absorption of solar radiation.

Each air heating device by absorption of solar radiation is a modular unit, said modular unit comprising an outer wall 16 such as polycarbonate, and an inner wall 17 secured on their periphery by delimiting between them an empty space in which is housed an air knife. The interior wall 17 has a high absorption capacity for solar radiation 18 while the exterior face of this interior wall 17 delimits part of a duct 19 in which the air passing through said intake assembly can circulate when a valve authorizes access to the air present in said intake assembly.

The air intake assembly 13 also includes a volume 20, called the plenum, for receiving the air defined upstream so that this air thus defined circulates downstream in the rest of the air transport circuit.

Of course, depending on parameters measured by one or more sensors such as the temperature, the rate of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) and the rate of volatile organic compounds (VOC) present in the air inside the building, the installation may include a central unit comprising a processor ensuring the comparison in real time of these measured parameters with respect to reference values stored in a storage unit and the remote triggering of the valves and valves to automatically select the air admitted into the intake assembly and circulate this air thus selected in the air transport circuit.

The building operates here under overpressure to ensure in particular the evacuation of stale air.

A single fan 21 makes it possible to move the air received in said intake assembly received in the plenum 20 to the rest of the transport circuit, in particular by circulating this air through a thermal storage device 22 and towards a zone of bifurcation.

This bifurcation zone comprises on the one hand an entry into communication with a passage 23 towards the interior of the building and on the other hand, an exit port 24 towards the exterior of the building, a selection device (not shown) being arranged to selectively choose the output port 24 or the passage 23.

This single fan 21 thus makes it possible to at least partially renew the air in the building and / or to heat or cool the air thus defined.

The thermal storage device 22 comprises aluminum cans 25 filled with raw earth, which are here assembled together by being stacked to form columns. For example, this assembly can be carried out by gluing.

These cans 25 are advantageously received in a sealed envelope to avoid any air leakage, this envelope also being thermally insulating.

The air displaced by the single fan 21 follows a disturbed path between these cans 25 which promotes heat exchange.

The installation also includes a bypass or bypass pipe 26 constituting a parallel air circulation duct joining the inlet of the thermal storage device 22 and the outlet of the latter. This bypass pipe 26 includes registers 27 for managing the air circulation thus defined in the air transport duct.

Claims (10)

1. A method of controlling the quality and / or the temperature of the air in a building (10) comprising an air transport circuit, said circuit being in fluid communication upstream thereof with a set of air intake (13), said intake assembly comprising an air inlet (14) for admitting air outside said building (10), at least one device for heating the air by radiation absorption solar and an inlet (15) of air from inside the building (10) to recirculate said air, said transport circuit comprising a thermal storage device (22) for absorbing and storing heat or cold transported by said air, in which - the nature, and possibly the temperature, of the air received in said intake assembly is first determined, then - Circulating said air thus defined from said intake assembly in said transport circuit, by means of a single ventilation unit (21), said air circulating through said device (22) for thermal storage towards a zone of bifurcation, said bifurcation zone comprising on the one hand an entrance in communication with a passage (23) towards the interior of the building (10) and on the other hand, an exit port (24) towards the exterior of the building ( 10), a selection device being arranged to selectively select said outlet port (24) or said passage (23), said ventilation unit (21) thus making it possible to at least partially renew the air in the building (10) and / or to heat or cool the air thus defined. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said ventilation unit (21) comprises at least one fan, said ventilation unit (21) being placed upstream or downstream of said device (22) for thermal storage in said circuit air transport. 3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each air heating device by absorption of solar radiation comprising an outer wall and an inner wall separated by an air gap, said outer wall being intended to receive said solar radiation and said interior wall being intended to absorb at least partially said solar radiation, the air thus defined is heated by establishing an air circulation along the exterior face of said interior wall, 5 which partially delimits an air circulation duct outside said air heating device. 4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that said ventilation unit (21) comprising at least one variable speed fan and measuring the temperature in the downstream part of said air circulation duct, the speed of each is adjusted fan in order to control the temperature of the air circulating in said transport duct. 5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that one receives in said intake assembly only outside air at a temperature distinct from the temperature of the device 15 storage, which is optionally heated by said at least one air heater by absorption of solar radiation, and said outside air is circulated through said thermal storage device (22) directly to said outlet port (24) in order to modify the temperature of said storage device. 20 6. Installation for implementing the process for controlling the quality and / or the temperature of the air in a building (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, said installation comprising a transport circuit d in fluid communication upstream thereof with an air intake assembly (13), said intake assembly 25 comprising an air inlet (14) for admitting outside air to said building (10), at least one device for heating the air by absorption of solar radiation and an air inlet (15) from the interior of the building (10) for recirculating said air, said circuit comprising a thermal storage device (22) for absorbing and storing heat or 30 cold transported by said air, said circuit comprising downstream or upstream of said thermal storage device (22), a single ventilation unit (21) for extracting the air received in said intake assembly and moving it in said circuit transport, through said thermal storage device (22) and to a bifurcation zone, said bifurcation zone comprising on the one hand an inlet in communication with a passage (23) towards the interior of the building (10) and d on the other hand, an output port (24) to 5 outside the building (10), a selection device being arranged to selectively select said outlet port (24) or said passage (23), said ventilation unit (21) thus making it possible to at least partially renew the building air (10) and / or heating or cooling the air thus defined. 7. Installation according to claim 6, characterized in that said ventilation unit (21) comprises at least one fan, said ventilation unit (21) being placed upstream or downstream of said device (22) for thermal storage. 8. Installation according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that it comprises a bypass pipe, or bypass, constituting a pipe 15 of parallel air circulation joining the inlet of the thermal storage device (22) and the outlet thereof. 9. Installation according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that said air heating device by absorption of solar radiation comprises an outer wall and an inner wall 20 separated by an air knife, the outer face of said inner wall defining a part of at least one duct in which the air passing through said intake assembly can circulate. 10. Building (10) equipped with an installation according to any one of claims 6 to 9. 1/1 22 ²¹