FR3065060A1 - VENTILATION, HEATING AND / OR AIR CONDITIONING INSTALLATION COMPRISING A HEAT EXCHANGER PROVIDING SUB-COOLING - Google Patents

Abstract

Ventilation, heating and / or air-conditioning installation (1) comprising at least: - a housing (6) delimiting at least one circulation chamber (5) of an air flow, - at least one first heat exchanger (20) ), a second heat exchanger (22) and a third heat exchanger (26) each configured to provide a heat exchange between the air flow and a refrigerant flowing through a refrigerant circuit, the first heat exchanger (20). ), the second heat exchanger (22) and the third heat exchanger (26) belonging to the same refrigerant circuit, characterized in that the first heat exchanger (20), the second heat exchanger (22) and the third heat exchanger (26) are arranged in series one after the other in the direction of flow of the air flow in the circulation chamber (5). Application to motor vehicles.

Description

Holder (s): VALEO THERMAL SYSTEMS Simplified joint-stock company.

Extension request (s)

Agent (s): VALEO THERMAL SYSTEMS.

VX) VENTILATION, HEATING AND / OR AIR CONDITIONING UNIT COMPRISING A HEAT EXCHANGER PROVIDING COOLING.

FR 3 065 060 - A1

Ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning system (1) comprising at least:

- a housing (6) delimiting at least one circulation chamber (5) of an air flow,

- at least a first heat exchanger (20), a second heat exchanger (22) and a third heat exchanger (26) each configured to perform a heat exchange between the air flow and a refrigerant flowing through a circuit of refrigerant, the first heat exchanger (20), the second heat exchanger (22) and the third heat exchanger (26) belonging to the same refrigerant circuit, characterized in that the first heat exchanger (20), the second heat exchanger (22) and the third heat exchanger (26) are arranged in series one after the other according to the direction of circulation of the air flow in the circulation chamber (5).

Application to motor vehicles.

The field of the present invention is that of refrigerant circuits for a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning installation, in particular for a passenger compartment of a motor vehicle. It relates to a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning installation comprising a heat exchanger arranged to ensure sub-cooling.

A motor vehicle is commonly equipped with an air conditioning system to modify the temperature of the air inside its passenger compartment. This system comprises at least one circuit in which a refrigerant circulates, capable of producing or absorbing heat. To do this, this circuit includes several heat exchangers for heating or cooling the air circulating in the passenger compartment, while drying this air. When the installation is designed to lower the temperature of the passenger compartment, the efficiency of the circuit in which the refrigerant circulates is notably conditioned by the efficiency of the heat exchanges between the various fluids in the circuit.

An object of the present invention is to provide a ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning installation which offers a satisfactory improvement of the abovementioned system, by improving the efficiency of the refrigerant circuit and thus, the efficiency of the entire installation.

An object of the present invention is a ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning installation comprising at least one housing delimiting at least one chamber for the circulation of an air flow, and at least one first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger. heat and a third heat exchanger each configured to perform a heat exchange between the air flow and a refrigerant passing through a refrigerant circuit, the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger belonging to the same refrigerant circuit, in which the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger are arranged in series one after the other according to the direction of circulation of the air flow in the circulation.

The heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system thus arranged sees its efficiency and performance improved. As a result, the vehicle's air conditioning system will be more efficient for the same footprint, or the system will maintain the same performance with reduced footprint.

The ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning installation according to the invention advantageously comprises any one of the following characteristics, taken alone or in combination:

the second heat exchanger is arranged between the first heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger according to the direction of circulation of the air flow in the circulation chamber, the first heat exchanger is arranged before the third heat exchanger according to the direction of circulation of the air flow in the circulation chamber, the second heat exchanger is configured to sub-cool the refrigerant in the liquid state present in the second exchanger, i.e. it is arranged to be traversed by the coolant when it is in the liquid state, the temperature of this coolant in the liquid state being lowered by the air flow circulating in the circulation chamber. The second heat exchanger is used as a subcooler, i.e. a heat exchanger providing subcooling. Subcooling is the lowering of the coolant temperature below its condensing temperature. The second heat exchanger can be chosen from any type of known exchanger, in particular a tube exchanger, a spiral exchanger or a plate exchanger, the first heat exchanger is configured to cool the air flow passing through it. The first heat exchanger thus has the additional effect of heating the fluid present in the first exchanger. The first heat exchanger is thus used as an evaporator. The first heat exchanger can be for example a tube exchanger, a spiral exchanger or a plate exchanger, the third heat exchanger is configured to heat the air flow passing through it. The third heat exchanger thus has the additional effect of cooling the refrigerant present in the third exchanger. The third heat exchanger is thus used as a condenser. In this configuration, the third heat exchanger heats the air flow circulating in the housing. The third heat exchanger can be chosen from any type of exchanger, in particular a tube exchanger, a bundle exchanger, a spiral exchanger or a plate exchanger, the ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning installation comprises means masking of the second heat exchanger with respect to the air flow. The masking means is arranged to control the passage of the air flow through the second heat exchanger. The masking means is advantageously arranged to prevent the air flow from cooling the refrigerant circulating in the second heat exchanger. The masking of the second heat exchanger thus makes it possible to increase the capacity of the first heat exchanger to heat the air flow passing through it. More particularly, the masking means is a movable flap between two positions. The masking means is movable in rotation or in translation. Preferably, the masking means is movable in rotation. The masking means is chosen from a rotary shutter, a butterfly shutter and a film shutter, the circulation chamber comprises a first channel, a second channel and a zone arranged to supply the first channel and the second channel with air flow. The first channel and the second channel are parallel in terms of air flow. The area arranged to supply the first channel and the second channel with air flow is arranged upstream of the first channel and the second channel, the first channel and the second channel are adjacent, i.e. they are side by side and separated by a wall of the housing. A partition wall, arranged between the first channel and the second channel, is arranged so as to separate the first channel from the second channel, the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger are arranged in the second channel, the first exchanger is in the zone arranged to supply air flow to the first channel and the second channel, the ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning installation comprises means for controlling the circulation of the air flow in the second channel which comes from the zone arranged for supplying air flow to the first channel and the second channel, the ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning installation comprises a fan unit arranged between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger. The fan motor unit is controlled to allow and facilitate the circulation of an air flow in the second channel. The motor-fan unit is arranged in the second channel. Alternatively, the motor-fan unit is arranged in the zone arranged to supply air flow to the first channel and the second channel, the housing includes a mixing chamber. The mixing chamber is arranged to collect at least one air flow from the first channel and / or at least one air flow from the second channel, before these air flows are directed to the passenger compartment of the vehicle , the housing includes an electric heater operating at high voltage. The electric radiator is controlled to generate a calorific contribution, in a situation where the refrigerant circuit does not allow to sufficiently heat the air flow to meet the heating needs of vehicle users. The electric heater can be placed in the mixing chamber. The electric radiator occupies the entire width of the mixing chamber, so that an air flow passing through the mixing chamber must pass through the electric radiator. Alternatively, the electric heater is arranged in the first channel or the second channel.

The invention also relates to a ventilation system, comprising a ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning installation as described above, in which the refrigerant circuit, inside which the refrigerant is able to circulate , includes the first heat exchanger, used as an evaporator, the second heat exchanger, used as a subcooler, the third heat exchanger, used as a condenser, a fourth heat exchanger configured to perform heat exchange between the refrigerant and a heat transfer liquid, a first expansion member, disposed between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger on the refrigerant circuit, a second expansion member, arranged between the third heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger on the refrigerant circuit, and a compressor, arranged between the first heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger on the refrigerant circuit.

The heating and / or air conditioning ventilation system according to the invention advantageously comprises any one of the following characteristics, taken alone or in combination:

the compressor is an electric compressor. An electric compressor includes an electric motor driving a compression device. In a variant of the invention, the electric motor and the compression device are arranged in a common housing, the system comprises a circuit of heat transfer liquid, inside which a heat transfer liquid is able to circulate, comprising at least the fourth heat exchanger, a portion passing through an area of the vehicle releasing calories, and a radiator, the fourth heat exchanger is an exchanger between the refrigerant and the heat transfer liquid. The fourth heat exchanger is arranged to circulate the refrigerant in a space adjacent to a space where the heat transfer liquid circulates, in order to allow a transfer of calories from a fluid to the liquid. The fourth heat exchanger is arranged to allow the circulation of the refrigerant fluid adjacent to the direction of circulation of the heat transfer liquid so as to maximize the heat exchanges between the two fluids. The fourth heat exchanger can be chosen from any type of exchanger, in particular a tube exchanger, a beam exchanger, a spiral exchanger or a plate exchanger, the system comprises an accumulator disposed between the first heat exchanger and the compressor. The accumulator is arranged to extract from the refrigerant the fraction of the refrigerant in the liquid state. The extraction of the fraction of the refrigerant in the liquid state ensures that only the refrigerant in the gaseous state enters the compressor, thereby ensuring the integrity of the compressor. The accumulator is also arranged to fulfill the role of coolant reserve for the coolant circuit. This reserve is intended to manage the circulating mass of coolant within the coolant circuit.

The invention also relates to a vehicle equipped with a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning installation as described above, or with a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system as defined above. More particularly, the vehicle comprises at least one electric traction chain, for example electric, of which at least one component is heat treated, in particular to cool it, by the circuit of heat transfer liquid.

Other characteristics, details and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly on reading the description given below by way of indication in relation to the drawings in which FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a packaging system for air according to the invention, Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of an air conditioning system according to the invention, the system being configured in a first operating variant, Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of a system air conditioning according to the invention, the system being configured in a second variant of operation, FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of an air conditioning system according to the invention, the system being configured in a third variant of operation, FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of an air conditioning system according to the invention, the system being configured in a fourth operating variant.

It should first of all be noted that the figures show the invention in detail in order to implement the invention, said figures can of course be used to better define the invention, if necessary.

In the following description, the terms upstream and downstream are used to describe the arrangement of a component with respect to the direction of circulation of a fluid considered. Similarly, the arrangement of the constituent elements of a circuit of a fluid is given with respect to the direction of circulation of this fluid in the circuit.

An element described below as being located between two other elements does not mean that the element is physically between the other two, but that the fluid passes first through one of the two elements, before passing through the element considered.

Referring first to Figure 1, there is an example of an arrangement of the air conditioning system comprising a ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning system according to the invention.

The air conditioning system 9 shown comprises a coolant circuit 2 arranged for the circulation of a coolant, a coolant circuit 4 arranged for the circulation of a coolant, and a ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning 1.

The ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning installation 1 comprises a housing 6, arranged for the circulation of an air flow, as well as a first heat exchanger 20, a second heat exchanger 22 and a third heat exchanger. heat 26, all three arranged in the housing 6.

The refrigerant circuit 2, arranged for the circulation of the refrigerant, comprises the first heat exchanger 20, the second heat exchanger 22, a compressor 24, the third heat exchanger 26, a fourth heat exchanger 18, an accumulator 28, a first detent member 3θ and a second detent member 32. These elements are connected by rigid or flexible tubes 34.

The first heat exchanger 20 is a heat exchanger between the refrigerant and the air flow circulating in the housing 6. The first heat exchanger 20 is arranged to allow the circulation of the air flow and the circulation of the refrigerant adjacent, to allow heat exchange between the refrigerant and the air flow. More particularly, the first heat exchanger 20 is used as an evaporator arranged to cool and dry the air flow passing through the housing 6. The drying of the air flow is the result of the condensation of water contained in the air flow on the surface of the evaporator.

The second heat exchanger 22 is a heat exchanger between the refrigerant and the air flow circulating in the housing 6. The second heat exchanger 22 is arranged to allow the circulation of the air flow and the circulation of the refrigerant , adjacent, to allow heat exchange between the refrigerant and the air flow. More particularly, the second heat exchanger 22 is used as a sub-cooler arranged to sub-cool the refrigerant passing through it, as well as to heat the air flow passing through it.

The compressor 24 equipping the refrigerant circuit 2 is for example an electric compressor, arranged to increase the pressure of the refrigerant, up to a pressure of about 25 bars maximum. Such an electric compressor houses a scroll compression mechanism, driven by an electric motor also arranged in the electric compressor. This electric motor is controlled and supplied electrically by a control module configured to transform the direct electric current coming from the vehicle into alternating electric current adapted to the electric motor.

The third heat exchanger 26 is a heat exchanger between the refrigerant and the air flow circulating in the housing 6. The third heat exchanger 26 is arranged to allow the circulation of the air flow and the circulation of the refrigerant , adjacent, to allow heat exchange between the refrigerant and the air flow. More particularly, the third heat exchanger 26 is used as a condenser arranged to heat the air flow passing through the housing 6.

The fourth heat exchanger 18 is a heat exchanger between the coolant and the coolant of the coolant circuit 4 · The fourth heat exchanger 18 is arranged to allow the circulation of the coolant and the circulation of the coolant adjacent , to allow heat exchange between the coolant and the heat transfer liquid. Depending on the situation, the refrigerant can recover calories from the heat transfer liquid, or on the contrary give it.

The refrigerant circuit 2 comprises an accumulator 28, known as a "drying bottle", arranged to retain a fraction of the refrigerant in the liquid state, to prevent deterioration of the compressor 24 by fluid in the liquid state.

The refrigerant circuit 2 also includes a first expansion member 3θ and a second expansion member 32. These expansion members 3θ> 32 are controlled, for example electronically, to pass the refrigerant from a first pressure to a second pressure lower than the first pressure. The first expansion member 3θ is disposed between the first heat exchanger 20 and the second heat exchanger 22, the second expansion member 32 being disposed between the third heat exchanger 26 and the fourth heat exchanger 18.

The refrigerant is a refrigerant or a mixture of refrigerant, of the family of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), or hydrofluorocarbons (HFC). The refrigerant fluid can in particular be Rl34a or 1234YF. Fe coolant can also be carbon dioxide known by the acronym R744 ·

The housing 6 defines a circulation chamber 5 arranged for the circulation of the air flow towards a passenger compartment (not shown) of a vehicle (not shown). The circulation chamber 5 comprises a first channel 10 and a second channel 12, and a zone 8 arranged to supply the first channel 10 and the second channel 12 with air flow. The housing 6 comprises a partition wall 51 and a means 5θ control of the air flow circulation in the second channel 5θ coming from zone 8.

Zone 8 includes a first inlet 60 arranged to admit into the housing 6 a flow of recycled air, that is to say a flow of air from the passenger compartment of the vehicle. The recycled air is routed from the passenger compartment of the vehicle through an air recovery circuit (not shown).

The first entrance 60 comprises a first admission flap 6l. The first inlet flap 6l takes the form of a movable flap rotating around a central axis, arranged in an opening of the first inlet 60. The movable flap disposed in the opening prohibits or authorizes the passage of the flow d air from the passenger compartment inside the housing 6.

Zone 8 also includes a second inlet 64 arranged to admit into the housing 6 an external air flow. The outside air is supplied from outside the passenger compartment of the vehicle by an air grille which opens onto the housing 6.

The second inlet 64 comprises a second intake flap 65. The second intake flap 65 takes the form of a movable flap rotating around a central axis, arranged in an opening of the second inlet 64. The movable flap disposed in the opening prohibits or authorizes the passage of an air flow coming from outside the passenger compartment of the vehicle inside the housing 6.

Although it is not shown in the figures, it will be understood that the second inlet 64 may include an air filter arranged to prevent unwanted particles from entering the passenger compartment. The air filter can be of the type of a pollen filter, an active carbon filter or a polypbénol filter.

The opening and closing of the first intake flap 6l and / or the second intake flap 65 makes it possible to select the origin of the air which will circulate in the zone 8 and in the first channel 10 and / or the second channel 12. This selection is made by a temperature control unit according to the preferences of a vehicle user. Thus, if the first intake flap 6l is closed and the second intake flap 65 is open, only outside air will circulate in the zone 8. If the first intake flap 6l and the second flap intake 65 are open, the air flowing in zone 8 and in the first channel 10 and / or the second channel 12 will consist of half of air coming from outside and half of air coming from the passenger compartment .

Zone 8 accommodates at least one motor-fan group 16, called the first fan-motor group 16. The first motor-fan group 16 is arranged to send air through the first exchanger 20 and towards the first channel 10 and / or the second channel 12. The first motor-fan group 16 is of the type of an axial motor-fan group.

Zone 8 comprises the first heat exchanger 20. The first heat exchanger 20 extends in zone 8 so that the air flow coming from the first inlet 60 and / or from the second inlet 64 must pass through the first heat exchanger 20.

The first channel 10 comprises a first passage 52 towards a mixing chamber 58 · The mixing chamber 58 is common to the first channel 10 and to the second channel 12, in the sense that the first channel 10 and at least part of the second channel 12 open into the mixing chamber. The mixing chamber 58 communicates with an air outlet 78 in the direction of the passenger compartment. Within the mixing chamber 58, the air flows from the first channel 10 and the second channel 12 are mixed. Since the air flows can have similar or different thermal and / or aeraulic characteristics, the mixing chamber 58 makes it possible to mix the flows so as to meet the wishes of the users of the vehicle.

According to an example of the invention, the first passage 52 is a single duct, that is to say that it does not have a heat exchanger, regardless of the type of heat exchanger considered.

The first passage 52 comprises a closing flap 53 · The closing flap 53 takes the form of a movable flap in rotation about a central axis, arranged in an opening of the first passage 52 towards the passenger compartment of the vehicle. The movable flap disposed in the opening prohibits or authorizes the passage of an air flow coming from inside the first channel 10 towards the passenger compartment of the vehicle.

The partition wall 51 is arranged between the first channel 10 and the second channel 12. This partition wall 51 is arranged so as to separate the air flow passing through the first channel 10 from the air flow passing through the second channel 12.

The control means 5θ of the second channel 12 is disposed between the zone 8 and an inlet of the second channel 12. The control means 5θ takes the form of a movable flap rotating around a central axis, arranged in an opening of the second channel 12. The movable flap disposed in the opening prohibits or authorizes the passage of an air flow from zone 8 to the second channel 12.

The second channel 12 includes a first intake port 40 arranged to admit an external air flow into the second channel 12. The outside air is routed from outside the vehicle through an air grille which opens into the second channel 12.

Although it is not shown in the figures, it will be understood that the first 4θ intake mouth may include an air filter arranged to prevent unwanted particles from entering the passenger compartment. The air filter can be of the type of a pollen filter, an active carbon filter or even a polyphenol filter.

The first inlet mouth 4θ comprises a first inlet valve 42. The first inlet valve 42 takes the form of a movable shutter in rotation about a central axis, arranged in an opening of the first mouth of 4θ admission · The movable flap placed in the opening prohibits or authorizes the passage of an air flow coming from outside the vehicle inside the second channel 12.

The second channel 12 comprises a second inlet mouth 36 arranged to admit into the second channel 12 a flow of recycled air. The recycled air is sent from the passenger compartment of the vehicle by an air recovery circuit (not shown) to the second channel 12.

The second intake valve 36 includes a second intake valve 38 · The second intake valve 38 takes the form of a movable flap rotating around a central axis, arranged in an opening of the second intake mouth. admission 36. The movable flap disposed in the opening prohibits or authorizes the passage of an air flow coming from outside the vehicle inside the second channel 12.

The part of the second channel 12 where the first inlet mouth 40 and the second inlet mouth 36 are arranged is arranged in parallel with respect to zone 8, from the point of view of the circulation of an air flow. More particularly, a flow of air enters and circulates in the housing 6 and passes either through the zone 8, or through the part of the second channel 12 where the first intake mouth 40 and the second intake mouth 36 are arranged.

The opening and closing of the first intake valve 42 and / or of the second intake valve 38 makes it possible to select the nature of the air which enters the second channel 12, in addition to the intake of the flow of air from zone 8. This selection is made by the temperature control unit according to the preferences of a vehicle user. Thus, in the case where the control means 5θ separates the first channel 10 from the second channel 12, if the second intake valve 38 is closed and the first intake valve 42 is open, only outside air will circulate in the second channel 12. Still in the case where the control means 5θ separates the first channel 10 from the second channel 12, if the first intake valve 42 and the second intake valve 38 are open, the air which circulates in the second channel 12 will be composed half of air from the outside and half of air from the passenger compartment. In the case where the control means 5θ authorizes the passage of an air flow from zone 8 into the second channel

12, the nature of the air flow passing through the second channel 12 is affected by the nature of the air flow coming from zone 8.

Thus arranged, the second channel 12 can admit two admissions, one heat treated via the zone 8 and the first heat exchanger 20, and another not heat treated and arranged to allow the selection of an outside air and / or a recycled air circulating in the second channel 12.

The second channel 12 comprises a motor-fan group 14, called the second fan-motor group 14 · The second motor-fan group 14 is arranged to send air to the second channel 12. The second motor-fan group 14 is of the an axial fan unit. The second motor-fan unit 14 is arranged in parallel with the first inlet mouth 4θ and the second inlet mouth 36, in the direction of the air flow flowing in the second channel 12.

The second channel 12 comprises the second heat exchanger 22. The second heat exchanger 22 is arranged downstream of the second motor-fan group 14, that is to say after the second motor-fan group 14 ·

The second channel 12 comprises a masking means 44 of the second heat exchanger 22. The masking means 44 is arranged between the second motor-fan unit 14 and the second heat exchanger 22. The masking means 44 is a flap mounted to rotate about an axis, movable between a first position allowing the passage of air through the second heat exchanger 22, and a second position preventing the passage of this same air through the first heat exchanger 20. The rotation of the masking means 44 is controlled by the temperature control unit in the passenger compartment of the vehicle, according to user preferences, mainly the temperature requested by the user or users of the vehicle, and climatic conditions, in particular the outside temperature , which translate into a particular mode of operation of the air flow conditioning system according to the invention. The masking means 44 is arranged to divert an air flow from the second heat exchanger 22, preventing a transfer of calories from one to the other.

The second channel 12 includes the third heat exchanger 26. The third heat exchanger is arranged downstream of the second heat exchanger 22.

The second channel 12 comprises a duct 56 which directs at least part of the air flow circulating in the second channel 12 to the outside of the passenger compartment. This conduit 56 is arranged downstream of the third heat exchanger 26. The conduit 56 communicates with the exterior of the vehicle.

The conduit 56 towards the outside comprises a first shutter 55 · The first shutter 55 takes the form of a movable shutter in rotation about a central axis, arranged in an opening of the conduit 56 towards the exterior of the vehicle. The movable flap disposed in the opening prohibits or allows the passage of a flow of air from inside the housing 6 to the outside of the vehicle. The conduit 56 is arranged to evacuate at least part of the air circulating in the second channel 12 when the shutter 55 is open.

The second channel 12 comprises a second passage 54 towards the mixing chamber 58. This second passage 54 is arranged downstream of the third heat exchanger 26.

The second passage 54 includes a second shutter 57 · The second shutter 57 takes the form of a movable shutter in rotation about a central axis, arranged in an opening of the second passage 54 towards the passenger compartment of the vehicle. The movable flap disposed in the opening prohibits or authorizes the passage of an air flow from inside the housing 6 to the passenger compartment of the vehicle.

The housing 6 includes an electric heater 76 configured to operate under a high voltage, that is to say an electric heater which has an organization which makes it suitable for operating under a high voltage. By high voltage is meant a voltage greater than about 300V. This electric radiator 76 is disposed in the mixing chamber 58. The radiator 76 extends in the mixing chamber 58 so that the air flow passing through the mixing chamber 58 necessarily passes through the radiator 76.

The electric radiator 76 is controlled by the temperature control unit in the passenger compartment of the vehicle, and can be selectively activated to provide additional heat to the air flow passing through the electric radiator 76.

The housing 6 also includes the air outlet 78 in the direction of the passenger compartment. The air outlet 78 communicates with a distribution device 79 making it possible to direct the air flow in dedicated areas of the passenger compartment according to the preferences of a user.

The heat transfer liquid circuit 4, arranged for the circulation of the heat transfer liquid, comprises the fourth heat exchanger 18, at least one or more pumps 80, a plurality of valves 82, a radiator 84 and a portion 86 arranged to pass through or near an area of the vehicle that generates heat. These elements are connected by tubes 88.

The heat transfer liquid passes through the fourth heat exchanger 18. As described above, the fourth heat exchanger 18 is an exchanger between the refrigerant and the heat transfer liquid.

The heat transfer liquid circuit 4 includes the radiator 84, the temperature of the radiator body is at most about 65 ° C. This radiator 84 functions as a heat exchanger between the heat transfer liquid and an air which may be the air outside the vehicle.

The heat transfer liquid circuit 4 comprises a portion 86 arranged to pass through or near an area of the vehicle releasing heat. In the case of a thermal vehicle, this zone includes the internal combustion engine of the vehicle. In the case of an electric vehicle, this zone comprises an element of an electric traction chain of the vehicle, for example the electric propulsion motor of the vehicle and / or the power components supplying said motor called for example an electronic module. power. In the case of a hybrid thermal / electric vehicle, this zone includes at least one element from the internal combustion engine and / or the electric traction chain.

The heat transfer liquid circuit 4 also includes one or more pumps 80 for circulating the heat transfer liquid through the heat transfer liquid circuit 4 · In the variant described here, the circuit includes two pumps 80, one arranged downstream of the fourth exchanger heat 18, another arranged upstream of the portion 86. The pump 80 arranged upstream of the portion 86 is active when the coolant passes through the portion 86, and is in particular arranged to allow cooling of the area of the releasing vehicle heat. The pump 80 arranged downstream of the fourth heat exchanger 18 is active when the heat transfer liquid passes through the radiator 84, and is in particular arranged to allow heat exchanges between the heat transfer liquid and the air outside the vehicle.

The two pumps 80 can be active simultaneously, if there is a need to cool the area of the vehicle releasing heat and to allow heat exchanges between the heat transfer liquid and the air outside the vehicle.

The heat transfer liquid circuit 4 also comprises a plurality of valves 82, arranged to modulate the path of the heat transfer liquid. In the variant described here, the heat transfer liquid circuit comprises three valves 82 making it possible to selectively direct the heat transfer liquid towards the radiator 84 or the portion 86. The heat transfer liquid circuit thus comprises a first valve 82a, a second valve 82b and a third valve 82c. The first valve 82a is disposed between the fourth heat exchanger 18, the radiator 84 and the portion 86. The second valve 82b is disposed between the radiator 84 and the portion 86. The third valve 82c is disposed between the portion 86 and the second valve 82b.

The heat transfer liquid is a heat transfer liquid, and in particular water, a mixture of glycol and water, deionized water or a dielectric fluid such as fluorinated hydrocarbons.

The system described above is used to modulate the temperature inside the passenger compartment. The system operates in at least four main modes, depending on weather conditions, vehicle operation and the thermal and ventilation preferences of vehicle users. The system is used in particular to lower the temperature of the air present in the passenger compartment, the operation of the system being different as a function of the temperature difference between the air flow present in the passenger compartment and the air outside the vehicle. , increase the temperature of the air present in the passenger compartment, the operation of the system being different depending on the engine load.

An example of system configuration will be described below for each of the four modes. These configuration examples are only a possibility of system configuration, elements of the system can be arranged differently, in another position or in a different order, additional elements can also be incorporated into the system.

In the following paragraphs, the circulation of the various fluids along the refrigerant circuit 2 and the heat transfer liquid circuit 4 is described from a starting point to an end point. The selection of the starting point and the end point is arbitrary, the circuits operating in closed loop and therefore have no specific starting point. Conversely, the direction of circulation of each of the fluids is described.

If a user wishes to lower the temperature of the air flow in the passenger compartment, when the difference between the desired temperature in the passenger compartment and the temperature of the air inside the passenger compartment exceeds 8 ° C, the The system according to the invention is operated as illustrated in FIG. 2. The mode described here corresponds to an air conditioning mode with a high thermal load, that is to say a high demand for cooling the passenger compartment.

At the level of the housing 6, the control means 5θ of the second channel 12 is closed, the zone 8 communicates only with the first channel 10. The second channel 12 forms a space separate from the zone 8 and from the first channel 10, this is that is to say that an air flow circulating in the zone 8 and the first channel 10 is distinct from an air flow circulating in the second channel 12. A first air flow 100 traverses the zone 8, the first channel 10 and the mixing chamber 58 before being sent to the passenger compartment by the air outlet 78. The first air flow 100 comes from the first inlet 60 and the second inlet 64, the first flap 6l intake and the second intake flap 65 being open. The first air flow 100 passes through the first motor-fan group 16 then through the first heat exchanger 20, where it transfers calories to the refrigerant flowing through the first heat exchanger 20. This heat transfer is accompanied by condensation of the moisture contained in the first air flow 100 on the surface of the first heat exchanger 20. The first air flow 100 then passes through the first passage 52 to the mixing chamber

58, the closing flap 53 being open. The first air flow is sent into the passenger compartment via outlet 78 and the distribution device 79 ·

A second air flow 200, coming exclusively from outside the vehicle, enters the second channel 12 through the first intake mouth 40. the first intake valve 42 being open. The second inlet mouth 36 is obstructed by the second inlet valve 38. The second air flow is sent outwardly through the conduit 56 outward, the first shutter 55 being open. The second shutter 57 is closed, that is to say that it prohibits the passage of the second air flow 200 into the mixing chamber 58. In the second channel 12, the second air flow 200 passes successively through the second heat exchanger 22 and through the third heat exchanger 26, where the second air flow 200 recovers calories released by the refrigerant. The masking means 44 of the second heat exchanger 22 is arranged so as to force the passage of the second air flow 200 through the second heat exchanger 22. The refrigerant is therefore condensed by the passage of the second air flow 200 through the third exchanger 26.

In the refrigerant circuit 2, the refrigerant in the gaseous state is compressed by the compressor 24 and goes from a low pressure, for example 3 bars, to a higher pressure, for example 17 bars. The refrigerant then flows into the third heat exchanger 26 where it dissipates calories in the second air flow 200 passing through the second channel 12. After passing through the third heat exchanger 26, the refrigerant is in a liquid / gaseous two-phase state. The refrigerant then travels through the circuit to the second expansion member 32. The expansion member 32 is open and does not act on the pressure at which the refrigerant circulates. The refrigerant then reaches the fourth heat exchanger 18, and transmits calories to the heat transfer liquid which passes through the fourth heat exchanger 18. After flowing through the fourth heat exchanger 18, the refrigerant is in the liquid state. The refrigerant passes through the second heat exchanger 22 where it dissipates calories in the second air flow 200 passing through the second channel 12, before passing through the first expansion member 3θ where it undergoes an expansion bringing it back to a low pressure, for example 3 bars. The refrigerant then passes through the first heat exchanger 20, where it will absorb calories from the first air flow 100 intended to be sent into the passenger compartment of the vehicle, which has the effect of reducing the temperature at interior of the passenger compartment. At the outlet of the first heat exchanger 20, the refrigerant is in a liquid / gaseous two-phase state. The refrigerant then passes through an accumulator 28 which separates the liquid phase from the gas phase of the refrigerant. The gas phase then passes through the compressor 24 and starts the circuit again.

In the heat transfer liquid circuit 4> the heat transfer liquid passes through the fourth heat exchanger 18 where it absorbs calories from the refrigerant. The heat transfer liquid passes through the first valve 82a, before being directed to the radiator 84, where it dissipates these calories in the outside air passing through the radiator 84, and the portion 86 where it cools an area of the vehicle. The second valve 82b being open and the third valve 82c closed, the heat transfer liquid coming from the radiator 84 joins the heat transfer liquid coming from the portion 86, before being again directed towards the fourth heat exchanger 18.

Thus arranged, the system makes it possible to decrease the temperature of the air in the passenger compartment of the vehicle.

If a user wishes to lower the temperature of the air flow in the passenger compartment, when the difference between the desired temperature in the passenger compartment and the temperature of the air inside the passenger compartment is less than 8 ° C, the system according to the invention is operated in the manner illustrated in FIG. 3. The mode described here corresponds to an air conditioning mode with a low thermal load, that is to say a low cooling demand for the passenger compartment.

At housing 6, the first intake valve 42, the second intake valve 38, the first shutter 55 and the second shutter 57 are placed in the closed position. The second channel 12 is thus closed, the circulation of an air flow being prohibited in the second channel 12. The second motor-fan unit 14 is placed in the off position. There is no transfer of calories between the air present in the second channel 12 and the second heat exchanger 22 on the one hand and the air present in the second channel 12 and the third heat exchanger 26 d ' somewhere else. The housing is arranged like this because the potential energy gain from the use of the second heat exchanger 22 and the third heat exchanger 26 does not compensate for the energy consumption of the second motor-fan unit 14 · It is therefore more efficient to block circulation air in the second channel 12.

A third air flow 110 nevertheless traverses the zone 8 and the first channel 10 before being sent to the passenger compartment by the air outlet 78 · The third air flow 110 comes from the first inlet 60 and from the second inlet 64, the first intake flap 6l and the second intake flap 65 being open. This third air flow 110 passes through the first fan unit 16 then through the first heat exchanger 20, where it transfers calories to the refrigerant flowing through the first heat exchanger 20. This transfer of calories is accompanied by condensation. moisture contained in the third air flow 110 on the surface of the first heat exchanger 20. The third air flow 110 then passes through the first passage 52 towards the mixing chamber 58, the closing flap 53 being open. The first air flow is sent into the passenger compartment via outlet 78 and the distribution device 79 ·

In the refrigerant circuit 2, the refrigerant in the gaseous state is compressed by the compressor 24 and goes from a low pressure, for example 3 bars, to a higher pressure, for example 17 bars. The refrigerant then flows into the third heat exchanger 26 without dissipating heat, due to the absence of circulation of an air flow in the second channel 12. The refrigerant then follows the circuit and passes through the second expansion member 32. The second expansion member 32 is open, that is to say that it does not influence the pressure of the coolant. The refrigerant is then directed to the fourth heat exchanger 18, and transmits calories to the heat transfer liquid which passes through the fourth heat exchanger 18. After its flow in the fourth heat exchanger 18, the refrigerant is in a two-phase state liquid / gaseous or in a completely liquid state according to the exchanges which took place in the fourth heat exchanger 18. The refrigerant passes through the second heat exchanger 22 where there is no exchange with the air of the second channel 12. The refrigerant then passes through the first expansion member 3θ where it undergoes an expansion bringing it to a low pressure, for example 3 bars. The refrigerant then passes through the first heat exchanger 20, where it will absorb calories from the third air flow 110 intended to be sent into the passenger compartment of the vehicle, which has the effect of reducing the temperature at interior of the passenger compartment. The refrigerant then passes through an accumulator 28 which separates the liquid phase from the gas phase of the refrigerant. The gas phase then passes through the compressor 24 and starts the circuit again.

In the heat transfer liquid circuit 4, the heat transfer liquid passes through the fourth heat exchanger 18 where it recovers calories from the refrigerant. The heat transfer liquid passes through the first valve 82a, before being directed to the radiator 84, where it dissipates these calories in the outside air passing through the radiator 84, and the portion 86 where it cools an area of the vehicle. The second valve 82b being open and the third valve 82c closed, the heat transfer liquid coming from the radiator 84 joins the heat transfer liquid coming from the portion 86, before being again directed towards the fourth heat exchanger 18.

Thus arranged, the system makes it possible to decrease the temperature of the air in the passenger compartment of the vehicle.

If a user wishes to increase the temperature of the air flow in the passenger compartment when the engine load is low, the system according to the invention is operated as illustrated in FIG. 4. The mode described here corresponds to a pump mode heat with a low engine load, i.e. a situation where the vehicle engine produces little heat.

At the level of the housing 6, the closing flap 53 is closed and the control means 5θ is open. A fourth air flow 120, coming from the passenger compartment, flows from the first inlet 60, passes through the first motor-fan group 16 then through the first heat exchanger 20 before being sent into the second channel 12 The fourth air flow 120, at the time of its passage through the first heat exchanger 20 transfers heat to the refrigerant passing through the first heat exchanger 20. This heat transfer is accompanied by condensation of the humidity contained in the fourth air flow 120 on the surface of the first heat exchanger 20. A fifth air flow 220, coming from the outside, flows from the first inlet mouth 4θ into the second channel 12 , the first inlet valve 42 being open. The second inlet valve 38 is closed. The fourth air flow 120 and the fifth air flow 220 mixes in the second channel 12 to form a first common air flow 320. This first common air flow 320 is diverted from the second heat exchanger 22 by the masking means 44 and then passes through the third heat exchanger 26 where the coolant heats the first common air flow 320, before passing through the second passage 54, the second shutter 57 being open. The second common flow 330 is forced to exit through the second passage 54, the duct 56 being obstructed by the first shutter 55 · The first common air flow 20 passes through and is heated by the electric radiator 76, before be directed to the passenger compartment by the air outlet 78.

In the refrigerant circuit 2, the refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 24 and goes from a low pressure, for example 3 bars, to a higher pressure, for example 17 bars. The refrigerant then flows into the third heat exchanger 26 where it diffuses calories to the first common air flow 320 passing through the second channel 12. The refrigerant then passes through the second expansion member 32 where it undergoes expansion and returns to a lower pressure. The refrigerant then travels through the fourth heat exchanger 18 where it absorbs calories from the heat transfer liquid. The refrigerant then passes through the second heat exchanger 22 made inactive by the masking means 44 · The refrigerant then passes through the first heat exchanger 20, where it recovers calories from the fourth air flow 120. The fluid The refrigerant then passes through an accumulator 28 which separates the liquid phase from the gas phase of the refrigerant fluid. The gas phase then passes through the compressor 24 and starts the circuit again.

In the heat transfer liquid circuit 4, the heat transfer liquid passes through the portion 86 where it absorbs calories. The second valve 82b being closed and the third valve 82c open, the heat transfer liquid then passes through the fourth heat exchanger 18 where it restores these calories to the refrigerant passing through the fourth heat exchanger 18. After passing through the fourth heat exchanger 18 the heat transfer liquid passes through the first valve 82a open to again be directed towards the portion 86.

Thus arranged, the system makes it possible to increase the temperature of the air in the passenger compartment of the vehicle. Additionally, the system makes it possible to cool an element of the engine having a high temperature, such as the electric traction chain for an electric or hybrid electric / gasoline vehicle.

If a user wishes to increase the temperature of the air flow in the passenger compartment while the engine load is high, the system according to the invention is operated as illustrated in FIG. 5- The mode described here corresponds to a pump mode heat with a high engine load, i.e. a situation where the vehicle engine gives off a significant amount of heat.

At the level of the housing 6, the closing flap 53 is closed and the control means 50 is open. A sixth air flow 130, coming from the passenger compartment, flows from the second inlet 60, passes through the first motor-fan group 16 then through the first heat exchanger 20 before being sent into the second channel 12 The sixth air flow 130, at the time of its passage through the first heat exchanger 20, transfers calories to the refrigerant passing through the first heat exchanger 20. This transfer of calories is accompanied by condensation of the humidity contained in the sixth air flow 130 on the surface of the first heat exchanger 20. A seventh air flow 230, coming from the outside, flows from the first inlet mouth 40 into the second channel 12 , the first inlet valve 42 being open. The second inlet valve 38 is closed. The sixth air flow 130 and the seventh air flow 230 mix in the second channel 12 to form a second common air flow 330. This second common air flow 330 is diverted from the second heat exchanger 22 by the masking means 44 and passes through the third heat exchanger 26 where the coolant heats the second common air flow 330, before passing through the second passage 54, the second shutter 57 being open. The second common flow 330 is forced to exit through the second passage 54, the conduit 56 being obstructed by the first shutter 55 · The second common air flow 330 passes through and is heated by the electric radiator 76, before be directed to the passenger compartment by the air outlet 78.

In the refrigerant circuit 2, the refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 24 and goes from a low pressure, for example 3 bars, to a higher pressure, for example 17 bars. The refrigerant then flows into the third heat exchanger 26 where it transfers calories to the second common air flow 330 passing through the second channel 12. The refrigerant then passes through the second expansion member 32 where it undergoes expansion and returns to an intermediate pressure. The refrigerant then travels through the fourth heat exchanger 18 where it recovers calories from the heat transfer liquid. The coolant then passes through the second heat exchanger 22 made inactive by the masking means 44 · The coolant is then expanded again by the first expansion member 30 to reach a low pressure. The refrigerant then passes through the first heat exchanger 20, where it absorbs calories from the sixth air flow 130. The refrigerant then passes through an accumulator 28 which separates the liquid phase from the gas phase of the refrigerant. The gas phase then passes through the compressor 24 and starts the circuit again.

In the heat transfer liquid circuit 4. the first valve 82a, the second valve 82b and the third valve 82c are open. Part of the circulating heat transfer liquid passes through the portion 86 where it recovers calories, another part of the circulating heat transfer liquid crosses the radiator 84 where it transfers calories to the ambient air. The heat transfer liquid then passes through the fourth heat exchanger 18 where it returns these calories to the refrigerant passing through the fourth heat exchanger 18, before being again directed towards the portion 86.

Thus arranged, the system makes it possible to increase the temperature of the air in the passenger compartment of the vehicle. Additionally, the system makes it possible to cool an element of the engine having a high temperature, such as the electric traction chain for an electric or hybrid electric / gasoline vehicle.

The first inlet flap 6l is shown open in all the figures. It will nevertheless be understood that the first inlet flap 6l can be closed. This is particularly the case when the air temperature inside the passenger compartment is higher than the temperature of the air outside the vehicle and higher than a given value. This value corresponds to a high temperature, for example 30 ° C., as can be encountered in summer in particular.

The second intake valve 38 is shown closed in all of the figures. It will nevertheless be understood that the second inlet valve 38 can be opened. This is particularly the case when the air temperature inside the passenger compartment is higher than the temperature of the air outside the vehicle and the second motor-fan unit 14 is activated.

The foregoing description clearly explains how the invention makes it possible to achieve the objectives which it has set for itself and in particular to propose a ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning installation ensuring a sub-cooling phase of the refrigerant flowing through it .

Of course, various modifications can be made by a person skilled in the art to the circulation aid device which has just been described by way of nonlimiting example, as soon as a plurality of exchangers are used. heat arranged in series.

In any event, the invention cannot be limited to the embodiment specifically described in this document, and extends in particular to all equivalent means and to any technically operative combination of these means.

Claims (15)

1. Ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning system (l) comprising at least: a housing (6) delimiting at least one circulation chamber (5) of an air flow, at least a first heat exchanger (20), a second heat exchanger (22) and a third heat exchanger (26 ) each configured to perform a heat exchange between the air flow and a refrigerant passing through a refrigerant circuit, the first heat exchanger (2θ), the second heat exchanger (22) and the third heat exchanger (26 ) belonging to the same refrigerant circuit, characterized in that the first heat exchanger (2θ), the second heat exchanger (22) and the third heat exchanger (26) are arranged in series one after the other according to the direction of circulation of the air flow in the circulation chamber (5). 2. Installation for ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning (l) according to the preceding claim, in which the second heat exchanger (22) is disposed between the first heat exchanger (2θ) and the third heat exchanger (26) according to the direction of circulation of the air flow in the circulation chamber (5). 3. Installation of ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning (l) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the first heat exchanger (2θ) is disposed before the third heat exchanger (26) according to the direction of circulation of the air flow in the circulation chamber (5). Ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning installation (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the second heat exchanger (22) is configured to subcool the refrigerant in the liquid state present in the second exchanger (22). 5. Installation for ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning (l) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the third heat exchanger (26) is configured to heat the air flow passing through the circulation chamber (5) . 6. Installation for ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a masking means (44) of the second heat exchanger (22) with respect to the air flow. 7. Installation for ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning (l) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the circulation chamber (5) comprises a first channel (lo), a second channel (l2) and a zone ( 8) arranged to supply air flow to the first channel (lo) and the second channel (l2). 8. Installation of ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning (l) according to the preceding claim, wherein the second heat exchanger (22) and the third heat exchanger (26) are arranged in the second channel (l2). 9. Installation for ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning (l) according to any one of claims 8 or 9. wherein the first exchanger (20) is arranged in the area (8) arranged to supply the air flow first channel (lo) and the second channel (l2). 10. Installation of ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning (l) according to any one of claims 8 to 10, comprising a control means (50) of the circulation of the air flow in the second channel (l2) coming from of the zone (8) arranged to supply the first channel (lo) and the second channel (l2) with air flow. 11. Installation for ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning (l) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a motor-fan unit (l6) disposed between the first heat exchanger (20) and the second heat exchanger (22 ). 12. Ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning system (9) comprising a ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning installation (l) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which a refrigerant circuit (2), at l '' inside which the refrigerant is able to circulate, includes: the first heat exchanger (2θ), used as an evaporator, the second heat exchanger (22), used as a subcooler, the third heat exchanger (26), used as a condenser, a fourth configured heat exchanger (18) to carry out a heat exchange between the coolant and a coolant, a first expansion member (30), disposed between the first heat exchanger (2θ) and the second heat exchanger (22) on the coolant circuit (2 ), a second expansion member (32), disposed between the third heat exchanger (26) and the fourth heat exchanger (18) on the refrigerant circuit (2), and a compressor (24), disposed between the first heat exchanger (2θ) and the third heat exchanger (26) on the refrigerant circuit (2). 13. A ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning system (9) according to the preceding claim, in which the compressor (24) is an electric compressor. 14. Ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning system (9) according to claim 13 or 14, comprising a heat transfer liquid circuit (4), inside which a heat transfer liquid is able to circulate, comprising: the fourth heat exchanger (18), a portion (86) passing through an area of the vehicle releasing calories, and a radiator (76). 15.Vehicle characterized in that it comprises a ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning system (l) according to any one of claims 1 to 12 or a ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning system (9) according to the any of claims 13 to 15 · 16.Vehicle according to traction, including the coolant (4). previous claim, comprising at least one electrical chain of at least one component is heat treated by the liquid circuit 1/3 58 76 78 '< CD 60 61 2/3