FR3062429A1 - AERO-HYDRAULIC MOTOR SYSTEM. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (100; 200; 300; 400) aero-hydraulic motor, comprising a reservoir, said upper (102), adapted to receive a liquid, said working (108); a reservoir, said lower (104), provided to receive said working liquid (108), and arranged under the level of said upper reservoir (102); a reservoir, said central (106), designed to receive said working liquid (108) and arranged in / on said lower reservoir (104), said central reservoir (106) comprising a conduit, said central (124), connecting said reservoir central (106) to said upper reservoir (102); at least two pistons (1121-1122), each arranged movable in translation in a cylinder, said side (1101-1102), said side cylinders (1101-1102) being positioned: • on either side of said central reservoir (106 ) and connected to said central reservoir (106), in / on the lower reservoir (104) and connected to said lower reservoir (104), under said upper reservoir (102) and connected to said upper reservoir (102); and a crank-rod device (142) rigidly connected to at least one, in particular to both pistons (1121-1122), provided to be rotated by said pistons (1121-1122); characterized in that: - each piston (1121-1122) is driven in translation in its side cylinder (1101-1102) downwards by the working liquid flowing from the upper reservoir (102), and --the said piston (1121 -1122) drives the other piston upwards and the rotation of said connecting rod device (142).

Description

Holder (s):

ELFEKIH NOOMEN.

O Extension request (s):

® Agent (s): PONTET ALLANO & ASSOCIES.

FR 3 062 429 - A1 ® AERO-HYDRAULIC MOTOR SYSTEM.

The invention relates to a device (100; 200; 300; 400) aero-hydraulic motor, comprising a reservoir, called upper (102), designed to receive a liquid, called working (108); a so-called lower tank (104), designed to receive said working liquid (108), and arranged below the level of said upper tank (102); a so-called central tank (106), designed to receive said working liquid (108) and arranged in / on said lower tank (104), said central tank (106) comprising a duct, said central (124), connecting said tank central (106) to said upper tank (102); at least two pistons (1121 -1122), each arranged movable in translation in a cylinder, called lateral (1101-1102), said lateral cylinders (1101-1102) being positioned: on either side of said central tank (106) and connected to said central tank (106), in / on the lower tank (104) and connected to said lower tank (104), under said upper tank (102) and connected to said upper tank (102);

and a connecting rod-crank device (142) rigidly connected to at least one, in particular to the two pistons (1121-1122), intended to be driven in rotation by said pistons (1121-1122); characterized in that:

each piston (1121-1122) is driven in translation in its lateral cylinder (1101-1102) downwards by the working liquid pouring out from the upper reservoir (102), and

said piston (1121-1122) drives the other piston upwards and the rotation of said connecting rod-crank device (142).

-1 "Aero-hydraulic engine system"

The invention relates to an aero-hydraulic motor system.

The field of the invention is the field of energy production systems, in particular aero-hydraulic motor systems.

STATE OF THE ART

Systems of energy production from hydraulic energy are known such as hydroelectric power stations, tidal power stations, or even tidal turbines. These systems use the kinetic energy of waterfalls or ocean currents to produce electrical energy. However, these systems are complex to produce and expensive. In addition, these systems depend on weather conditions and in particular on the energy value of the water. Such systems are also complex and expensive to maintain.

An object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks.

Another object of the present invention is to propose an aero-hydraulic motor system which is simpler to maintain in comparison with the systems of the prior art.

Another object of the present invention is to propose an aero-hydraulic motor system independent of meteorological conditions in comparison with the systems of the prior art.

Another object of the present invention is to propose a less expensive aero-hydraulic motor system.

Another object of the present invention is to propose an aero-hydraulic motor system which is simpler to produce in comparison with the systems of the prior art.

STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

At least one of the above objectives is achieved by an aerohydraulic engine system, comprising:

- a reservoir, called upper, intended to receive a liquid, called working;

- a reservoir, called lower, intended to receive said working liquid, and arranged below the level of said upper reservoir;

- a so-called central tank, designed to receive said working liquid and arranged in / on said lower tank, said central tank comprising a duct, said to be central, connecting said central tank to said upper tank;

at least two pistons, each arranged movable in translation in a so-called lateral cylinder, said lateral cylinders being positioned:

• on either side of said central tank and connected to said central tank, • in / on the lower tank and connected to said lower tank, • under said upper tank and connected to said upper tank;

- A connecting rod-crank device rigidly connected to at least one, in particular to the two pistons, designed to be driven in rotation, alternately by said pistons;

characterized in that:

each piston is driven in translation in its downward side cylinder by the working liquid pouring from the upper reservoir, and

said piston drives the other piston upwards and the rotation of said connecting rod-crank device.

With the system according to the invention, the working liquid present in the upper reservoir is exploited, by the effect of gravity on one of the pistons, to drive the rotation of the connecting rod-crank device. The rod-crank device therefore produces, from the displacement of the working liquid, mechanical energy which can, if necessary, be transformed into electrical energy and / or used in a hoist or elevator system. The system according to the invention is therefore simple to implement and less costly to produce. In addition, the system according to the invention has a reduced size compared to the systems of the prior art.

-3 Preferably, the side cylinders are identical. The volume of the working liquid pumped by each lateral cylinder is thus identical.

In one embodiment of the system according to the invention, each piston can be driven in translation in its cylinder downwards, to a predetermined position, so that said piston can transfer working liquid, previously admitted into said cylinder from the lower tank, to said central tank thus causing the transfer of said liquid from the central tank to the upper tank, and when said piston reaches said predetermined position, it can release an opening in said lateral cylinder allowing the evacuation of the working liquid pouring into said lateral cylinder towards the lower reservoir, thus causing the transfer of the working liquid present in said lower reservoir into the other lateral cylinder.

Thus, each lateral piston can be used to transfer the working liquid admitted into the lateral cylinder towards the upper reservoir with a view to its reuse to induce rotation of the connecting rod-crank device. The system according to the invention therefore requires less working liquid to produce energy and is easier to maintain.

In one embodiment, the system according to the invention may comprise, for each lateral cylinder, a conduit, called the upper one, connecting the upper reservoir to said lateral cylinder and allowing the transfer of the working liquid from the upper reservoir to said cylinder.

The diameter of at least one upper duct may be less than the diameter of at least one lateral cylinder.

In particular, the diameter of at least one upper duct can be between 1 cm and 50 cm, in particular equal to 5 cm, and in this the height of at least one upper duct can be between 0.5 m and 50 m , in particular equal to 5 m.

The pressure of the working liquid pouring from the upper reservoir into the lateral cylinder increases with the height of the upper duct, thus allowing the displacement of the piston and the rotation of the crank-rod device.

-4 For example, for an upper duct with a diameter of 2 cm and a height of 5 m as well as a volume of working liquid of 1.57 I, the pressure of the liquid leaving the duct is increased by a factor of 5.

Alternatively, the height of at least one upper duct can be greater than 50 m.

In particular, the position of the upper tank can be adjustable.

In addition, the height of the upper duct and the level of the working liquid in said upper duct can be adjustable, to adjust the pressure and the speed of the working liquid.

The diameter of the central duct may be less than the diameter of the upper duct.

According to the invention, the connecting rod-crank device can be arranged under the upper tank.

Alternatively, the connecting rod-crank device can be arranged above or below the lower tank.

In an embodiment of the system according to the invention, at least one turbine can be positioned so as to be driven by the working liquid transferred from the central reservoir to the upper reservoir, in particular said turbine can be positioned at the outlet of the central duct.

The turbine can be used to generate electrical energy. The working liquid pouring from the central duct during its pumping induces the movement of the turbine and therefore the production of electrical energy by said turbine.

Advantageously, the system according to the invention can comprise a battery for storing the electrical energy produced by the at least one turbine and / or the crank-rod device.

In an advantageous embodiment of the system according to the invention, each lateral cylinder may comprise a non-return valve, called the lower valve, arranged on the lower wall of said lateral cylinder and giving onto the lower reservoir, and designed to allow the passage of the working liquid from the lower reservoir to said side cylinder.

In particular, each lower valve can be a non-return valve with synchronized opening, in particular with the movement of the pistons.

The position of at least one lower valve can be adjustable.

In an embodiment of the system according to the invention, the upper reservoir may comprise two non-return valves, called upper, each opening onto a lateral cylinder, and designed to allow the passage of the working liquid from the upper reservoir to said cylinder .

In particular, each upper valve may be a non-return valve with synchronized opening, in particular with the movement of the pistons.

The position of at least one upper valve can be adjustable.

Advantageously, the opening of the lower valve of a lateral cylinder and of the upper valve giving onto the other lateral cylinder can be simultaneous.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the system according to the invention, the crank-rod device can be connected to the upper valves to alternately trigger the opening or closing of one of said upper valves.

Preferably, the system according to the invention may comprise, for each lateral cylinder, a conduit, called lateral, connecting said cylinder to the central reservoir and comprising a non-return valve, called lateral, provided for allowing the passage of the working liquid from said cylinder to the central tank.

In particular, the diameter of the lateral conduits can be less than the diameter of the lateral cylinders. The working liquid is transferred to the central tank with a high pressure, thus allowing it to be pumped.

-6Each side valve can be a non-return valve with synchronized opening.

The position of at least one side valve can be adjustable.

The opening of the lateral valve of a lateral conduit and of the upper valve of the lateral cylinder connected to said lateral conduit can be simultaneous.

Alternatively, each lateral cylinder can comprise a non-return valve arranged on one side of said cylinder at its lower part and giving onto the lateral duct.

Advantageously, each lateral cylinder can comprise at least one orifice arranged on one side of said lateral cylinder, provided for the admission, and optionally the evacuation, of air into said cylinder.

The air intake orifices can be arranged halfway up said lateral cylinder.

In addition, the air intake orifices can be arranged below the end of the piston stroke in said cylinder.

In addition, each side cylinder may include at least one air intake and optionally exhaust valve arranged on the upper part of said side cylinder.

In particular, each lateral cylinder may comprise two valves arranged on either side of the upper duct leading to said lateral cylinder.

In a preferred embodiment, the system according to the invention may comprise, for each lateral cylinder, a duct, called a drain, connecting the opening of said cylinder to the lower reservoir and allowing the transfer of the working liquid from said cylinder to the lower tank.

In an advantageous embodiment, the system according to the invention can comprise at least one duct, called air, connecting an upper duct to the central duct, provided for transferring air from the upper duct to said central duct.

When a piston of a lateral cylinder is driven towards the upper duct, the air included in said cylinder is compressed. The air duct directs compressed air to the central duct and induces pumping of the liquid by air injection (Airlift in English). The pumping of the liquid is thus more efficient.

In addition, the system according to the invention can comprise two air ducts.

Each of said air ducts can connect an upper duct to the central duct. Thus, the pumping of the working liquid can be carried out by injecting air continuously.

Advantageously, at least one turbine can be arranged in at least one air duct.

Electric energy can be produced in this case by the passage of air in the turbine.

In an embodiment of the system according to the invention, each upper duct may include an air intake and / or exhaust opening.

According to one embodiment, the system according to the invention may comprise, for at least one cylinder, an air reservoir, arranged in said cylinder under the piston of said cylinder.

The air tanks, by Archimedes' push, reduce the energy required to drive one of the pistons up at the end of the piston's journey down.

Preferably, the system according to the invention may comprise a second crank-rod device connected to the lower valves and arranged for

-8be driven by the alternative opening or closing of said lower valves.

In particular, the system according to the invention can comprise a first air compression device comprising:

a first cylinder comprising a first piston connected to a lower valve,

a second cylinder comprising a second piston connected to the other lower valve, and

- An air duct connecting said cylinders to each other and to the central duct.

The opening, respectively closing, of a lower valve causes the displacement of a piston upwards, respectively downwards, and therefore the admission of air into a cylinder, respectively the compression of air by a piston .

The first air compression device therefore makes it possible to inject air into the central duct, in order to contribute to the pumping of the working liquid by air injection.

Preferably, at least one turbine can be arranged in the air duct.

According to one embodiment, the system according to the invention can comprise a second air compression device comprising:

-two pistons, each of said pistons being connected to a lateral valve, -two cylinders each comprising one of said pistons, and

- an air duct connecting said cylinders and the central duct.

The compressed air produced by the second compression device is directed to the central duct and participates in pumping by air injection.

In particular, at least one turbine can be arranged in the air duct.

Advantageously, the system according to the invention can be integrated into a vehicle, such as a train, a bicycle, etc., and arranged to induce the movement of said vehicle.

In particular, the connecting rod-crank device can be connected to at least one wheel of said vehicle.

Advantageously, the system according to the invention can be integrated into a hoist device.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES AND EMBODIMENTS

Other advantages and characteristics will appear on examining the detailed description of nonlimiting examples, and the appended drawings in which:

- FIGURE 1 is a schematic representation of a first example of the system according to the invention;

- FIGURE 2 is a schematic representation of a second example of the system according to the invention;

- FIGURE 3 is a schematic representation of a third example of the system according to the invention; and

- FIGURE 4 is a schematic representation of a fourth example of the system according to the invention

It is understood that the embodiments which will be described below are in no way limiting. It is possible in particular to imagine variants of the invention comprising only a selection of characteristics described hereinafter isolated from the other characteristics described, if this selection of characteristics is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the prior art. This selection comprises at least one characteristic, preferably functional, without structural detail, or with only part of the structural details if this part only is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the prior art.

In particular, all the variants and all the embodiments described can be combined with one another if nothing is technically opposed to this combination.

In the figures, the elements common to several figures keep the same reference.

FIGURE 1 is a schematic representation of a first example of the system according to the invention.

The system 100 of FIGURE 1 comprises a tank, called upper 102, and a tank, called lower 104, arranged below the level of upper tank 102. System 100 comprises a tank, called central 106, arranged in semi-immersion in the lower tank 104. The upper 102, lower 104 and central 106 tanks can each receive a working liquid 108.

The system further comprises two cylinders, said lateral IIO1-IIO2, arranged on either side of the central reservoir 106, and are partially immersed in the lower reservoir 104. Each cylinder IIO1-IIO2 comprises a piston respectively 1121-1122.

In addition, the system 100 comprises two conduits, called upper 114i1142, respectively connecting the cylinders 110i-1102 to the upper reservoir 102. The upper reservoir 102 comprises two valves, known as upper II61-II62, non-return arranged above each upper conduit respectively 1141-1142. The upper valves 116 open alternately allowing the flow of the liquid 108 in one of the cylinders 110, and therefore the drive of one of the pistons 112.

Furthermore, each piston 112 is connected to a connecting rod-crank device 142. The movement of each piston 112 causes the rotation of the connecting rod-crank device 142. The connecting rod-crank device 142 is arranged under the upper reservoir. In addition, the crank-rod device 142 can be connected to a means, not shown in FIGURE 1, for producing electrical energy from kinetic energy.

The cylinders IIO1-IIO2 respectively comprise valves, called lower valves II81-II82 arranged on a lower base of said cylinders llOiIIO2 and giving onto the lower reservoir 104. The lower valves 118 are with synchronized and alternating opening allowing the passage of the working liquid 108 from the lower reservoir 104 to one of the cylinders 110.

The system 100 comprises two conduits, called lateral 1201-1202, respectively connecting the cylinders IIO1-IIO2 to the central tank 106. Each of the lateral conduits 1201-1202 comprises a non-return valve, called lateral,

-11 respectively 1221-1222. The opening of the valve 122i, respectively 1222, allows the passage of the working liquid 108 from the lateral cylinder HOi, respectively IIO2, to the central reservoir 106.

The valves II62, II81 and 1222 are simultaneously in the open position, while the valves II61, II82 and 122i are in the closed position and vice versa.

The system 100 also includes a so-called central conduit 124 connecting the central reservoir 106 to the upper reservoir 102. In addition, two turbines 126i1262 are arranged at the outlets of the central conduit 124.

Each lateral cylinder IIO1-IIO2 comprises a conduit, called evacuation, respectively 1281-1282 comprising a non-return valve 1301-1302. The valve 130 of the evacuation duct 128 enables the working liquid 108 to be evacuated from the upper chamber of the piston 112 of the cylinder 110 to the lower reservoir 104.

When the upper valve II62 is in the open position, the working liquid 108 pours into the lateral cylinder IIO2 through the upper conduit 1142, driving the piston IIO2 in one direction 132. The displacement of the piston 1122 causes the displacement of the working liquid 108 in a direction 134 towards the central reservoir 106 and its pumping towards the upper reservoir 102 through the central conduit 124 in a direction 136. When the piston 1122 exceeds the level of the evacuation conduit, the valve 1302 is placed in the open position , the working liquid 108 is discharged in a direction 138 into the lower tank. The excess working liquid 108 causes the piston 112i to move by filling the cylinder 110i in a direction 140. The working liquid 108 is pumped symmetrically when the upper valve II61 is in the open position.

FIGURE 2 is a schematic representation of a second example of the system according to the invention.

The system 200 of FIGURE 2 comprises the same elements as the system 100 of FIGURE 1. In addition, the system 200 comprises two ducts, called air, 204i and 2042 each connecting the upper duct 114i, respectively 1142, to the duct central 124. In addition, the upper ducts 1141-1142

-12 include air intake ports 2061-2062 respectively. When the piston 112 is driven in the direction 132, the air intake orifice 206 is open and allows the admission of air into the upper duct 114. When the piston 112 is driven in the direction 140, the air intake port 206 is closed. The air previously admitted is therefore returned to the central duct 124 through the air duct 204. The efficiency of pumping the liquid 108 is thus improved by injecting air.

Furthermore, the air ducts 204 comprise turbines 126 to transform the movement of the air in the air duct 204 into electrical energy.

In particular, the cylinders IIO1-IIO2 comprise air intake orifices 208i and 2082 respectively. When the piston 112 is driven in the direction 132, air is admitted into the cylinder 110 through the orifice 208. When 112 is driven in direction 140, the air previously admitted into the cylinder 110 is pushed towards the upper duct 114.

In addition, the connecting rod-crank device 142 is connected to the upper valves 116 and cause them to open / close by its rotation.

FIGURE 3 is a schematic representation of a third example of the system according to the invention.

The system 300 of FIGURE 3 comprises the same elements as the system 200 of FIGURE 2. In addition, the system 300 comprises two air tanks 3021-3022 arranged under the pistons 1121-1122 respectively.

The air reservoirs 302 contribute to the displacement of the pistons 112 by the buoyancy.

For example, the air tanks 302 can be air pockets.

FIGURE 4 is a schematic representation of a fourth example of the system according to the invention.

The system 400 of FIGURE 4 comprises the same elements as the system 200 of FIGURE 2. The system 400 comprises an air compression device 402. The air compression device 402 comprises two

-13 cylinders 4041-4042 respectively comprising two pistons 4061-4062. The pistons 4061-4062 are connected to the lower valves respectively II81-II82. In addition, the cylinders 4041-4042 are connected to each other and to the central duct 124 by a duct 408. The duct 408 also allows the admission of air to the cylinders 5 4041-4042 by valves 4101-4102.

When the lower valve II82, respectively II81, closes, the piston 4062, respectively 406i, is driven downwards thereby compressing the air present in the cylinder 4042, respectively 404i. Compressed air is supplied to the central conduit 124 through the conduit 408 and participates in pumping by air injection.

In particular, a turbine 126 is arranged in the conduit 408 to produce electrical energy.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples which have just been described and numerous modifications can be made to these examples without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (15)

1. Aero-hydraulic motor system (100; 200; 300; 400), comprising: a reservoir, called upper (102), designed to receive a liquid, called working (108); a tank, called the lower tank (104), designed to receive the said working liquid (108), and arranged below the level of the said upper tank (102); -a so-called central tank (106), designed to receive said working liquid (108) and arranged in / on said lower tank (104), said central tank (106) comprising a duct, said central (124), connecting said central tank (106) to said upper tank (102); at least two pistons (112i-112 ₂ ), each arranged movable in translation in a cylinder, called lateral (110i-110 ₂ ), said lateral cylinders (110i-110 ₂ ) being positioned: • on either side of said central tank (106) and connected to said central tank (106), • in / on the lower tank (104) and connected to said lower tank (104), • under said upper tank (102) and connected to said upper tank (102); a connecting rod-crank device (142) rigidly connected to at least one, in particular to the two pistons (112 ^ 112 ^, designed to be driven in rotation, alternately by said pistons (112i112 ₂ ); characterized in that: each piston (112i-112 ₂ ) is driven in translation in its lateral cylinder (110i-110 ₂ ) downwards by the working liquid pouring out from the upper reservoir (102), and said piston (112i-112 ₂ ) drives the other piston upwards and the rotation of said crank-rod device (142). 2. System (100; 200; 300; 400) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that: each piston (112i-112 ₂ ) is driven in translation in its cylinder downwards, to a predetermined position, so that said piston (112i-112 ₂ ) transfers working liquid (108), previously admitted into said cylinder (110χ-110 ₂ ) from the lower reservoir (104), to said central reservoir (106) thus causing the transfer of said liquid (108) from the central reservoir (106) to the upper reservoir (102), and -when said piston (112χ-112 ₂ ) reaches said predetermined position, it releases an opening in said lateral cylinder (110χ-110 ₂ ) allowing the evacuation of the working liquid (108) pouring into said lateral cylinder (110χ-110 ₂ ) to the lower tank (104), thus causing the transfer of the working liquid (108) present in said lower tank (104) in the other lateral cylinder (110χ110 ₂ ). 3. System (100; 200; 300; 400) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, for each lateral cylinder (110χ-110 ₂ ), a conduit, called upper (114χ-114 ₂ ), connecting the upper reservoir (102) to said lateral cylinder (110χ-110 ₂ ) and allowing the transfer of the working liquid (108) from the upper reservoir (102) to said cylinder (110χ-110 ₂ ). 4. System (100; 200; 300; 400) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the diameter of at least one upper duct (114χ-114 ₂ ) is between 1 cm and 50 cm, in particular equal to 5 cm, and in this the height of at least one upper duct (114χ-114 ₂ ) is between 0.5 m and 50 m, in particular equal to 5 m. 5. System (200; 300; 400) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting rod-crank device (142) is arranged under the upper tank (102). 6. System (100; 200; 300; 400) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises at least one turbine (126) positioned so as to be driven by the working liquid (108) transferred from the central tank - 16 (106) towards the upper tank (102), in particular said turbine (126) is positioned at the outlet of the central duct (124). 7. System (100; 200; 300; 400) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each lateral cylinder (110i-110 ₂ ) comprises a non-return valve, called the lower valve (118i-118 ₂ ), arranged on the lower wall of said lateral cylinder (110i-110 ₂ ) and facing the lower reservoir (104), and designed to allow the passage of the working liquid (108) from the lower reservoir (104) to said cylinder (110i- 110 ₂ ). 8. System (100; 200; 300; 400) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper tank (102) comprises two non-return valves, called upper (116i-116 ₂ ), each facing a side cylinder (110i-110 ₂ ), and provided to allow the passage of the working liquid (108) from the upper reservoir (102) to said side cylinder (UOi-11Oz). 9. System (100; 200; 300; 400) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, for each lateral cylinder (110χ-110 ₂ ), a conduit, called lateral (120i-120 ₂ ), connecting said cylinder (110i110 ₂ ) to the central reservoir (106) and comprising a non-return valve, said to be lateral (122i-122 ₂ ), designed to allow the passage of the working liquid (108) from said cylinder (110i- 110 ₂ ) to the central tank (106). 10. System (200; 300; 400) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each lateral cylinder (110χ-110 ₂ ) comprises at least one orifice (208i-208 ₂ ) arranged on one side of said lateral cylinder (110i-110 ₂ ), provided for the admission of air into said cylinder (110i110 ₂ ). 11. System (100; 200; 300; 400) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, for each lateral cylinder (110i-110 ₂ ), a conduit, called evacuation (128i- 128 ₂ ), connecting the opening of said cylinder (110i-110 ₂ ) to the lower tank (104) and allowing the transfer of the - 17 working liquid (108) from said cylinder (110i-110 ₂ ) to the lower reservoir (104). 12. System (200; 300; 400) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises at least one duct, called air (204 _x -204 ₂ ), connecting an upper duct (114i-114 ₂ ) to the central duct (124), designed to transfer air from the upper duct (110i-110 ₂ ) to said central duct (124). 13. System (100; 200; 300; 400) according to any one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that each upper duct (114i-114 ₂ ) comprises an opening (206i-206 ₂ ) for intake air and / or exhaust air. 14. System (300) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, for at least one cylinder (110i-110 ₂ ), an air reservoir (302i-302 ₂ ), arranged in said cylinder (110 _x -110 ₂ ) under the piston (112 _x -112 ₂ ) of said cylinder (110i-110 ₂ ). 15. System (400) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a first air compression device (402) comprising: a first cylinder (404 _x -404 ₂ ) comprising a first piston (406 _x -406 ₂ ) connected to a lower valve (118i-118 ₂ ), a second cylinder (404 _x -404 ₂ ) comprising a second piston (406 _x 406 ₂ ) connected to the other lower valve (118i-118 ₂ ), and an air duct (408) connecting said cylinders (404 _x -404 ₂ ) to each other and to the central duct (124). 1/3