FR3054240B1 - USE OF COPOLYMERS FOR IMPROVING THE COLD PROPERTIES OF FUELS OR COMBUSTIBLES - Google Patents

USE OF COPOLYMERS FOR IMPROVING THE COLD PROPERTIES OF FUELS OR COMBUSTIBLES Download PDF

Info

Publication number
FR3054240B1
FR3054240B1 FR1656976A FR1656976A FR3054240B1 FR 3054240 B1 FR3054240 B1 FR 3054240B1 FR 1656976 A FR1656976 A FR 1656976A FR 1656976 A FR1656976 A FR 1656976A FR 3054240 B1 FR3054240 B1 FR 3054240B1
Authority
FR
France
Prior art keywords
combustibles
fuels
copolymers
improving
cold properties
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
FR1656976A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
FR3054240A1 (en
Inventor
Julie Prevost
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TotalEnergies Marketing Services SA
Original Assignee
Total Marketing Services SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Total Marketing Services SA filed Critical Total Marketing Services SA
Priority to FR1656976A priority Critical patent/FR3054240B1/en
Priority to PCT/FR2017/051977 priority patent/WO2018015667A1/en
Priority to EP17751441.1A priority patent/EP3487962A1/en
Publication of FR3054240A1 publication Critical patent/FR3054240A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR3054240B1 publication Critical patent/FR3054240B1/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/14Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving low temperature properties
    • C10L10/16Pour-point depressants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1625Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/1633Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/165Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds from compounds containing aromatic monomers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/195Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/195Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/1955Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketonic, ketal, acetal radical
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/195Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/197Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
    • C10L1/1973Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid mono-carboxylic
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/234Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/236Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/234Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/236Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
    • C10L1/2364Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof homo- or copolymers derived from unsaturated compounds containing amide and/or imide groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/234Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/236Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
    • C10L1/2366Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof homo- or copolymers derived from unsaturated compounds containing amine groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/14Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving low temperature properties

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
FR1656976A 2016-07-21 2016-07-21 USE OF COPOLYMERS FOR IMPROVING THE COLD PROPERTIES OF FUELS OR COMBUSTIBLES Expired - Fee Related FR3054240B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1656976A FR3054240B1 (en) 2016-07-21 2016-07-21 USE OF COPOLYMERS FOR IMPROVING THE COLD PROPERTIES OF FUELS OR COMBUSTIBLES
PCT/FR2017/051977 WO2018015667A1 (en) 2016-07-21 2017-07-20 Use of copolymers to improve the properties of fuels when cold
EP17751441.1A EP3487962A1 (en) 2016-07-21 2017-07-20 Use of copolymers to improve the properties of fuels when cold

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1656976 2016-07-21
FR1656976A FR3054240B1 (en) 2016-07-21 2016-07-21 USE OF COPOLYMERS FOR IMPROVING THE COLD PROPERTIES OF FUELS OR COMBUSTIBLES

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR3054240A1 FR3054240A1 (en) 2018-01-26
FR3054240B1 true FR3054240B1 (en) 2018-08-17

Family

ID=56990623

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
FR1656976A Expired - Fee Related FR3054240B1 (en) 2016-07-21 2016-07-21 USE OF COPOLYMERS FOR IMPROVING THE COLD PROPERTIES OF FUELS OR COMBUSTIBLES

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3487962A1 (en)
FR (1) FR3054240B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2018015667A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3101882B1 (en) * 2019-10-14 2022-03-18 Total Marketing Services Use of particular cationic polymers as fuel and fuel additives

Family Cites Families (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3048479A (en) 1959-08-03 1962-08-07 Exxon Research Engineering Co Ethylene-vinyl ester pour depressant for middle distillates
US3275427A (en) 1963-12-17 1966-09-27 Exxon Research Engineering Co Middle distillate fuel composition
US3627838A (en) 1964-12-11 1971-12-14 Exxon Research Engineering Co Process for manufacturing potent pour depressants
US3790359A (en) 1969-03-17 1974-02-05 Exxon Research Engineering Co Middle distillate fuel having increased low temperature flowability
US3961961A (en) 1972-11-20 1976-06-08 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Positive or negative developable photosensitive composition
FR2528051B1 (en) 1982-06-08 1986-05-02 Inst Francais Du Petrole NITROGEN ADDITIVES FOR USE AS DISORDERS TO REDUCE THE POINT OF MEDIUM HYDROCARBON DISTILLATES AND COMPOSITIONS OF MEDIUM HYDROCARBON DISTILLATES CONTAINING THE ADDITIVES
FR2528423B1 (en) 1982-06-10 1987-07-24 Inst Francais Du Petrole NITROGEN ADDITIVES FOR USE AS DISORDERS TO REDUCE THE POINT OF MEDIUM HYDROCARBON DISTILLATES AND COMPOSITIONS OF MEDIUM HYDROCARBON DISTILLATES CONTAINING THE ADDITIVES
FR2535723A1 (en) 1982-11-09 1984-05-11 Inst Francais Du Petrole NITROGEN ADDITIVES FOR USE AS HYDROCARBON MOISTURE DISTILLATE DISORDER DISORDERS AND HYDROCARBON MEAL DISTILLATE COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING THE SAME
FR2567536B1 (en) 1984-07-10 1986-12-26 Inst Francais Du Petrole ADDITIVE COMPOSITIONS, IN PARTICULAR FOR IMPROVING THE COLD FILTRABILITY PROPERTIES OF MEDIUM OIL DISTILLATES
EP0261959B1 (en) 1986-09-24 1995-07-12 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Improved fuel additives
IN184481B (en) 1986-09-24 2000-08-26 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc
FR2607139B1 (en) 1986-11-21 1989-08-18 Inst Francais Du Petrole POLYMERS WITH NITROGEN FUNCTIONS DERIVED FROM UNSATURATED POLYESTERS AND THEIR USE AS ADDITIVES FOR LOWERING THE FLOW POINT OF MEDIUM HYDROCARBON DISTILLATES
FR2613371B1 (en) 1987-04-01 1989-07-07 Inst Francais Du Petrole NITROGENATED COPOLYMERS, THEIR PREPARATION AND THEIR USE AS ADDITIVES FOR IMPROVING THE FLOW PROPERTIES OF MEDIUM HYDROCARBON DISTILLATES
FR2626578B1 (en) 1988-02-03 1992-02-21 Inst Francais Du Petrole AMINO-SUBSTITUTED POLYMERS AND THEIR USE AS ADDITIVES FOR MODIFYING THE COLD PROPERTIES OF MEDIUM HYDROCARBON DISTILLATES
GB9104138D0 (en) 1991-02-27 1991-04-17 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Polymeric additives
FR2676062B1 (en) 1991-05-02 1993-08-20 Inst Francais Du Petrole AMINO-SUBSTITUTED POLYMER AND THEIR USE AS ADDITIVES FOR MODIFYING THE COLD PROPERTIES OF MEDIUM HYDROCARBON DISTILLATES.
GB9200694D0 (en) 1992-01-14 1992-03-11 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Additives and fuel compositions
GB9219962D0 (en) 1992-09-22 1992-11-04 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Additives for organic liquids
DE69309842T2 (en) 1992-10-09 1997-10-16 Elf Antar France Amine phosphates with an imide end ring, their production and their use as additives for motor fuels
FR2699550B1 (en) 1992-12-17 1995-01-27 Inst Francais Du Petrole Composition of petroleum middle distillate containing nitrogenous additives usable as agents limiting the rate of sedimentation of paraffins.
GB9301119D0 (en) 1993-01-21 1993-03-10 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Fuel composition
FR2735494B1 (en) 1995-06-13 1997-10-10 Elf Antar France BIFUNCTIONAL COLD-RESISTANT ADDITIVE AND FUEL COMPOSITION
FR2751982B1 (en) 1996-07-31 2000-03-03 Elf Antar France ONCTUOSITY ADDITIVE FOR ENGINE FUEL AND FUEL COMPOSITION
FR2753455B1 (en) 1996-09-18 1998-12-24 Elf Antar France DETERGENT AND ANTI-CORROSION ADDITIVE FOR FUELS AND FUEL COMPOSITION
ES2183073T5 (en) 1997-01-07 2007-10-16 Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh IMPROVEMENT OF THE FLUIDITY OF MINERAL AND DISTILLED OILS OF MINERAL OILS BY MEASURING USE OF RENT-PHENOLS AND ALDEHIDS RESINS.
US5730029A (en) 1997-02-26 1998-03-24 The Lubrizol Corporation Esters derived from vegetable oils used as additives for fuels
JPH10237467A (en) 1997-02-26 1998-09-08 Tonen Corp Fuel oil composition for diesel engine
FR2772784B1 (en) 1997-12-24 2004-09-10 Elf Antar France ONCTUOSITY ADDITIVE FOR FUEL
FR2772783A1 (en) 1997-12-24 1999-06-25 Elf Antar France New additives compositions for improving the lubricating power of low sulfur petrol, diesel and jet fuels
JP4456815B2 (en) * 2002-01-23 2010-04-28 三洋化成工業株式会社 Fluidity improver and fuel oil composition
KR101143114B1 (en) * 2003-11-13 2012-05-08 인피늄 인터내셔날 리미티드 A method of inhibiting deposit formation in a jet fuel at high temperatures
US20050223631A1 (en) 2004-04-07 2005-10-13 Graham Jackson Fuel oil compositions
FR2903418B1 (en) 2006-07-10 2012-09-28 Total France USE OF COMPOUNDS REVELATING THE EFFICACY OF FILTRABILITY ADDITIVES IN HYDROCARBON DISTILLATES, AND SYNERGIC COMPOSITION CONTAINING THEM.
US8790426B2 (en) * 2010-04-27 2014-07-29 Basf Se Quaternized terpolymer
ES2535192T3 (en) 2010-07-06 2015-05-06 Basf Se Acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds and their use as additives in fuels and lubricants
US20120010112A1 (en) 2010-07-06 2012-01-12 Basf Se Acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds and use thereof as additives in fuels and lubricants
FR2969620B1 (en) 2010-12-23 2013-01-11 Total Raffinage Marketing MODIFIED ALKYLPHENOL ALDEHYDE RESINS, THEIR USE AS ADDITIVES IMPROVING THE COLD PROPERTIES OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON FUELS AND FUELS

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3487962A1 (en) 2019-05-29
WO2018015667A1 (en) 2018-01-25
FR3054240A1 (en) 2018-01-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
BR112016017418A2 (en) USE OF COPOLYMERS
DK3526314T3 (en) Alkylate gasoline composition with renewable naphtha and isooctane
ZA201705254B (en) Block copolymers and the use thereof for improving the cold properties of fuels or combustibles
FR3017595B1 (en) DEVICE FOR LIFTING RIVER OR MARITIME CRAFT
BR112018000797A2 (en) use of copolymers.
ZA201705222B (en) Block copolymers and the use thereof for improving the cold properties of fuels or combustibles
ES1215904Y (en) PACK WITH SAFETY OPENING
SG10201911806RA (en) Hydrocarbon Marine Fuel Oil
DK3752431T3 (en) SPUNS PROPLE LOCK WITH VALVE DEVICE FOR SPUNS CONTAINERS
FR3037614B1 (en) DRAIN FOR TURBOMACHINE EXHAUST CASE
FR3054240B1 (en) USE OF COPOLYMERS FOR IMPROVING THE COLD PROPERTIES OF FUELS OR COMBUSTIBLES
DK3137768T3 (en) DEVICE AND PROCEDURE FOR CLEANING UP USED FUEL OIL WITH SUPER-CRITICAL WATER
HRP20181720T1 (en) Device for lowering the pour point of crude oil or heavy fuel oil
GB2551255B (en) Fluid combustion device
DK3439870T3 (en) Underwater pipeline with a sheath comprising a polypropylene block copolymer
ES1225414Y (en) Container Closure Set
DK3542093T3 (en) HYDRAULIC CLOSURE DEVICE AND HYDRAULIC AND MEASURING APPLIANCE USING THE HYDRAULIC CLOSURE DEVICE
MA44281A (en) SWITCHING DEVICE
ES1157084Y (en) Tap with cover
UA38638S (en) GASOLINE SNOWBLOWER
ES1171584Y (en) CLOSURE DEVICE FOR FUEL FILTERS
UA34532S (en) FUEL DRAIN PIPE
UA36883S (en) CLOSURE DEVICE WITH INDICATION OF FIRST OPENING
UA36790S (en) CLOSURE DEVICE WITH INDICATION OF FIRST OPENING
MA40856A (en) GASEOUS FUEL CARBURETOR

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 2

PLSC Publication of the preliminary search report

Effective date: 20180126

PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 3

PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 5

ST Notification of lapse

Effective date: 20220305