FR3040151B1 - DEVICE FOR HEATING A FRICTION BAND OF A BOW OF A PANTOGRAPH, PANTOGRAPH AND RAILWAY VEHICLE PROVIDED WITH SUCH A DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (220) for heating, in particular with a view to deicing, a rubbing strip (112) of a bow (110) of a pantograph (200) comprising at least one bobbin (122). ), said transmitter, intended to be powered by a variable electrical signal, characterized in that it comprises at least one coil (126), said receiver, arranged: - in inductive coupling with said at least one transmitting coil (122) of so that said at least one transmitting coil (122) induces an electric signal heating said at least one receiver coil (126), and - thermally coupling with said rubbing strip (112) so as to heat at least a portion of said strip of friction (112) when heated.

Description

"Device for heating a rubbing strip of a pantograph, pantograph and railway vehicle equipped with such a device"

The present invention relates to a device for heating a rubbing strip of a bow of a pantograph of a railway vehicle. It also relates to a pantograph equipped with such a device and a railway vehicle equipped with such a heating device or such a pantograph.

The field of the invention is the field of heating devices, in particular de-icing devices, of a friction strip of a pantograph, with a view, for example, of deicing said strip of friction.

State of the art

In winter, the formation of frost or ice rains deposit a layer of ice, or frost, on the strip or rubs of a bow of a pantograph. This layer of ice degrades the electrical connection between the bow and the catenary, which can make electrical capture very bad, and cause the occurrence of arcing and harmonic currents. These degrade the infrastructure, the rail vehicle and their exploitation.

A first technique for removing the ice layer is to apply shocks against the catenary with the pantograph. This technique is not very effective because it eliminates ice on a reduced area of the rub and can damage the pantograph and / or catenary.

Another solution is to leave the railway vehicle under tension to prevent the formation of the ice layer. This solution is expensive and can not be implemented in all cases.

Yet another technique is to heat the rub with a resistive cable through the rub. This solution imposes conditions of electrical insulation of said resistive cable with respect to the rub, so that its implementation and maintenance are complex and expensive. In addition, it results in an increase in the weight and dimensions of the rub, which impacts the operation of the pantograph.

Another technique is to heat the bow supporting the friction band by induction, in said bow, of eddy currents. This technique is not usable in all cases, and can modify the architecture of the bow and the dynamics of the pantograph.

Finally, another technique is to use microwaves to directly heat the ice layer. This solution requires the use of large and expensive microwave generators, and has not yet been proven.

An object of the present invention is to overcome these disadvantages.

Another object of the invention is to propose a heating device, in particular with a view to de-icing, a strip of friction of a pantograph arch of simpler architecture, and less expensive to manufacture, to use and to maintain.

It is also another object of the invention to provide a heating device, in particular with a view to deicing, with a rubbing strip of a bow of a pantograph requiring very little modification, or even any modification of said pantograph, and usable with all pantographs.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention makes it possible to achieve at least one of these aims by a heating device, in particular with a view to de-icing, a strip of friction of a bow of a pantograph, comprising at least one of the following: less a so-called transmitting coil, intended to be powered by a variable electrical signal, in particular periodic, and even more particularly alternatively, characterized in that it comprises at least one coil, said receiver, arranged: in inductive coupling with said at least one transmitting coil so that said at least one transmitting coil induces an electric signal heating said at least one receiver coil, and - thermally coupling with said strip of friction so as to heat at least a portion of said rubbing strip when she is heated.

Thus, the invention proposes to heat a friction strip, at least in part, with a receiving coil in thermal coupling with said receiver coil, the latter being itself heated, by induction, by a transmitter coil fed by a signal electrical, in particular an electric current, variable, in particular periodic, and even more particularly alternatively.

The device according to the invention implements two coils, low cost, whose implementation, use and maintenance are simple and inexpensive. It does not require the manufacture of parts, in particular of rubbing strips, specific, bulky or expensive.

In addition, the device according to the invention does not change, or little, the dynamics of the pantograph.

In addition, the device according to the invention can be used on all types of pantographs and railway vehicles.

In the present invention, by "thermal coupling" is meant a direct thermal coupling such that the receiver coil is in direct contact with the rub, or indirect thermal coupling so that the receiver coil is connected to the rub via at least one thermally conductive part.

According to a non-limiting embodiment, the device according to the invention may comprise a single transmitting coil.

In particular, the transmitter coil can be used for a single receiver coil or for a plurality of receiver coils.

This embodiment allows a particularly simple architecture for the device according to the invention and for supplying said transmitting coil.

According to another non-limiting embodiment, the device according to the invention may comprise a plurality of transmitting coils.

In this case, at least two transmitting coils can be powered by the same power source or individual and independent sources.

At least two transmitting coils can be used to heat the same receiver coil.

Alternatively, at least two transmitting coils can be used to heat, each, the same independent receiver coil.

This architecture allows greater flexibility in the use of the device according to the invention. In addition, it provides a greater heating capacity.

According to one embodiment, the device according to the invention may comprise a single receiver coil.

In this embodiment, one or more transmitting coils may be used to heat said receiver coil.

According to another embodiment, the device according to the invention may comprise a plurality of receiver coils, in particular distributed in the main direction defined by the friction strip.

This embodiment allows great flexibility in heating the rub. Indeed, it is possible to adapt the heating of the rubbing zone by zone.

In this embodiment, one or more transmitting coils may be used to heat the one or more receiver coils.

More generally, each of the embodiments described above with respect to the at least one transmitting coil may be combined with each of the embodiments described with respect to the at least one receiver coil.

When the device according to the invention comprises several receiver coils, at least two of said coils can be interleaved with one another, thus improving the heating of the friction strip.

Such coiling of coils allows better heating of the friction strip because it ensures that all areas of the rub are covered by a receiver coil and that there is no unheated area, for example between two receiving coils.

According to a non-limiting exemplary embodiment, and whatever the embodiment, at least one receiver coil may be of elongate shape in the direction defined by the friction strip.

In addition, at least one coil may have a dimension, measured in the direction of the width of the rub, greater than or equal to said width.

Of course, the device according to the invention may comprise at least one electrical source for supplying the at least one transmitting coil with an electrical signal, in particular an electric current, variable, in particular periodic, and even more particularly alternatively.

Such an electrical source may comprise a power converter and / or an inverter and / or a chopper, arranged near the at least one transmitting or remote coil with respect to said at least one transmitting coil.

According to another aspect of the same invention, there is provided a rail vehicle pantograph comprising a heater according to the invention.

According to one embodiment of the pantograph according to the invention: at least one receiver coil is disposed on a moving part, in particular on a bow, of said pantograph, and at least one transmitting coil is disposed on a fixed frame of said pantograph, facing the at least one receiver coil.

This embodiment allows a very simple architecture and implementation. It also makes it possible to reduce the additional weight provided by the heating device on the moving part, in particular on the bow, of the pantograph.

In this embodiment, the heating of the friction strip can be achieved when the movable member, in particular the bow, is in the low position.

According to another embodiment of the pantograph according to the invention, at least one receiver coil and at least one transmitting coil are arranged on a moving part, in particular on a bow, of said pantograph.

In this embodiment, the heating of the friction strip can be performed at any time, regardless of the position of the moving part, in particular the bow, the pantograph.

According to the invention, at least one receiver coil associated with a rubbing strip may be arranged in indirect thermal coupling with said rubbing strip, by means of a support of said friction band, which is a heat conductor.

For example, the at least one receiver coil may be disposed against a surface of said support.

Alternatively or additionally, at least one receiver coil may be disposed inside said support, in a housing formed in said support.

Alternatively, or in addition, at least one receiver coil associated with a rubbing strip may be arranged in direct contact with said rubbing strip, for example on a lateral surface of said rubbing strip so as not to constitute an obstacle to contact. of said friction strip with the catenary.

The pantograph according to the invention may comprise several independent friction strips.

In this case, the heating device may comprise, for at least two, in particular each, said friction strips: at least one independent receiver coil, and at least one common transmitter coil.

Alternatively, or in addition, the heating device may comprise, for at least two, in particular each, friction strips: at least one independent receiver coil, and at least one independent transmitting coil.

Whatever the embodiment, at least one, in particular each, emitter or receiver coil associated with a friction strip may have any combination of the characteristics described above.

According to yet another aspect of the same invention, there is provided a railway vehicle comprising: at least one heating device according to the invention for at least one pantograph of said vehicle, or at least one pantograph according to the invention.

The railway vehicle can be a locomotive, a train, a tram, etc.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES AND EMBODIMENTS Other advantages and characteristics will appear on examining the detailed description of nonlimiting exemplary embodiments, and the appended drawings in which: FIGURES 1-4 are schematic representations of examples non-limiting embodiments of a pantograph according to the invention; and FIGURES 5-8 are diagrammatic representations of non-limiting examples of coil configurations / layouts that may be used in the present invention.

It is understood that the embodiments which will be described later are in no way limiting. In particular, it will be possible to imagine variants of the invention comprising only a selection of characteristics described subsequently isolated from the other characteristics described, if this selection of characteristics is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the prior art. This selection comprises at least one feature preferably functional without structural details, or with only a part of the structural details, if this part is only sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the prior art .

In the figures, the elements common to several figures retain the same reference.

FIGURE 1 is a schematic representation of a first non-limiting example of a pantograph according to the invention.

The pantograph 100 is shown in FIGURE 1 partially in a front view. It comprises a frame 102 fixed to a roof 104 of a railway vehicle with the aid of two insulating supports 106 and 108.

The pantograph comprises an articulated arm (not shown in FIG. 1) fixed at one of its ends to the frame 102. The articulated arm comprises at its other end a bow 110. The bow 110 comprises one or more strips friction 112, made of an electrically conductive material such as copper for example. Each friction strip is disposed on a metal support 114, for example made of steel, thermal conductor. The bow comprises, on each of the sides of the assembly formed by the friction strip 112 and support 114, insulating horns 116 and 118.

The pantograph 100 shown in FIG. 1 is equipped with a heating device 120 of the rubbing strip 112, in order to prevent the formation of frost or to eliminate the frost that would have formed on said rubbing strip 112.

The heating device 120 comprises at least one so-called transmitter coil, fed by an alternating signal, and in particular by an alternating current, by an electric source 124.

The heating device 120 further comprises at least one coil 126, called receiver.

This receiver coil 126 is inductively coupled with the transmitter coil 122 so that said transmitter coil 122 generates an inductive current in said receiver coil 126 when it is traversed by an alternating current. Thus, the current induced in the receiver coil 126 traverses the latter and heats it.

The receiver coil 126 is in thermal coupling with the friction strip 112 so that when it is heated by the induced current, it transmits at least a portion of its heat to said rubbing strip directly or indirectly, which heats the rubbing strip 112.

In the example shown in FIG. 1, the receiver coil 126 is fixed in contact with the support 114 on which the rubbing strip 112 is disposed. The thermal coupling between the receiving coil 126 and the rubbing strip 112 is therefore indirect, and It is done through the support 114. The receiving coil 126 heats the metal support 114 which in turn heats the friction strip 112.

The electrical source 124 may be an inverter, a chopper, or any other source suitable and arranged to emit an alternating electric current. The electrical source 124 supplies the transmitting coil 122 through an electric cable 128.

FIGURE 2 is a schematic representation of a second non-limiting example of a pantograph according to the invention.

The pantograph 200 is shown in FIGURE 2 partially in a side view.

The pantograph 200 includes all the elements of the pantograph 100 of FIGURE 1.

In FIGURE 2 the articulated arm 202 supporting the bow 110 is visible. Unlike the pantograph 100 of FIGURE 1, the pantograph 200 of FIGURE 2 has two friction strips 112i and 1122 substantially parallel to each other, each disposed on a metal support, respectively 114i and 1142.

The heating device 220 fitted to the pantograph 200 of FIG. 2 comprises all the elements of the device 120 of FIG. 1. Unlike the heating device 120, the heating device 220 comprises an individual receiver coil, 126i and 1262, respectively. for each rubbing strip 112i and 1122. Each of the receiving coils 126i and 1262 is coupled, and is heated by induction to the single transmitting coil 122.

In addition, unlike the pantograph 100 of FIGURE 1, the transmitting coil 122 is not fixed on the fixed stand of the pantograph 200. In the pantograph 200, the transmitting coil 122 is attached to the mobile bow 110, on a support 204 located between the friction strips 112i and 1122.

Alternatively, in the pantograph 200 of FIG. 2, the transmitting coil 122 may very well be fixed to the frame 102, as in the pantograph 100 of FIG.

FIGURE 3 is a schematic representation of a third non-limiting example of a pantograph according to the invention.

The pantograph 300 is shown in FIGURE 3 partially in a side view.

The pantograph 300 includes all the elements of the pantograph 200 of FIGURE 2.

The heating device 320 fitted to the pantograph 300 of FIG. 3 comprises all the elements of the device 220 of FIG. 2. Unlike the heating device 220, the heating device 320 comprises an individual transmitter coil, 126i and 1262, respectively. associated with each friction strip 112i and 1122, and therefore for each receiver coil 126i and 1262. Each of the receiver coils 126i and 1262 is coupled to the transmitter coil, respectively 126i and 1262 associated therewith.

The transmitting coils 122i and 1222 are fixed to the mobile bow 110 of the pantograph 300. Alternatively, at least one of the transmitting coils 122i and 1222 may very well be fixed on the frame 102, as in the pantograph 100 of FIG.

FIGURE 4 is a schematic representation of a fourth nonlimiting example of a pantograph according to the invention.

The pantograph 400 is shown in FIGURE 4 partially in a side view.

The pantograph 400 includes all the elements of the pantograph 300 of FIGURE 3.

The heating device 420 equipping the pantograph 400 of FIG. 4 comprises all the elements of the device 320 of FIG. 3. In contrast to the pantograph 300, the receiving coils 126i and 1262 are fixed directly against each friction band 112i and 1122 on a side wall of said friction strip 112i and 1122, for example using the support 402 added between the two friction strips 112i and 1122. This arrangement makes it possible to obtain a direct thermal coupling between each receiver coil 126i and 1262 and each rubbing strip 112i and 1122, thereby reducing heat losses.

The transmitting coils 122i and 1222 are still fixed to the mobile bow 110 of the pantograph 400. Alternatively, at least one of the transmitting coils 122i and 1222 may very well be fixed to the frame 102, as in the pantograph 100 of FIG.

In addition, it is also possible to use a single transmitting coil, as described with reference to FIGURES 1 and 2.

Of course, it is also possible to combine the arrangements of the receiver coils 112 described with reference to FIGURES 3 and 4.

FIGURE 5 is a schematic representation of another example of an arrangement of a takeup spool, which may be further provided for at least one rub.

In the example shown in FIG. 5, the receiver coil 126 is disposed in a housing 502 arranged in the thickness of the support 114 of the friction strip 112.

Alternatively, several receiver coils 126 may be arranged in one or more housings arranged in the thickness of the support 114, in series or in parallel.

More generally, in the examples shown in FIGURES 1-5, a single take-up reel is shown for each rub.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the use of a single receiver coil for a rub. According to the invention it is possible to use a plurality of receiver coils, in particular arranged in series or in parallel, in the main direction defined by the friction strip.

Similarly, it is also possible to use a plurality of transmitting coils, in particular arranged in series or in parallel, in the main direction defined by the friction strip.

FIGURE 6 is a schematic representation of another example of a combination of coils that can be implemented in a heating device according to the invention.

In the example shown in FIG. 6, three transmitting coils 122 are used. The emitter coils 122 are arranged in series in the main direction defined by the friction strip 112. Each emitter coil 122 is associated with a receiver coil 126 arranged facing the emitter coil 122.

FIGURE 7 is a schematic representation of another example of a combination of coils that can be implemented in a heating device according to the invention.

In the example shown in FIG. 7, three transmitting coils 122 are used. The emitter coils 122 are arranged in series in the main direction defined by the friction strip 112. Each transmitter coil 122 is associated with four receiver coils 126 arranged facing the transmitting coil 122.

FIGURE 8 is a schematic representation of another example of a combination of coils that can be implemented in a heating device according to the invention.

In the example shown in FIG. 8, a plurality of receiver coils 126 are associated with a transmitting coil 122. The receiver coils 126 are interleaved with one another.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples detailed above. The combinations of coils shown with reference to FIGURES 6-8 may be combined with one another. In addition, each combination may be used in any of the embodiments described in FIGURES 1-5 for one or more rubs.

Claims (12)

A pantograph (100) for a railway vehicle comprising a device (120) for heating, in particular for the purpose of deicing, a rubbing strip (112) of a bow (110) of said pantograph (100), said device for heating (120) comprising at least one coil (122), said emitter, adapted to be powered by a variable electrical signal, and at least one coil (126), said receiver, arranged: - in inductive coupling with said at least one coil transmitter (122) so that said at least one transmitting coil (122) induces an electric signal heating said at least one receiver coil (126), and - thermally coupling with said rubbing strip (112) so as to heat at least one part of said rubbing strip (112) when heated; characterized in that: - at least one receiving coil (126) is disposed on a moving part, in particular on a bow (110), of said pantograph (100), and - at least one transmitting coil (122) is disposed on a fixed frame (102) of said pantograph (100) facing the at least one take-up spool (126). 2. Pantograph (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating device (120) comprises a single transmitting coil (122). 3. Pantograph according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating device comprises a plurality of transmitting coils. 4. Pantograph (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating device (120) comprises a plurality of receiver coils (126), in particular distributed in the main direction defined by the friction strip (112). . Pantograph (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating device (120) comprises a plurality of receiver coils (126), at least two of said coils (126) being intertwined with one another. 6. Pantograph (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heating device (120) comprises a single receiver coil (126). 7. Pantograph (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating device (120) comprises at least one electrical source (124) for supplying the at least one transmitting coil (122) with a signal variable electric, especially with a variable electric current. 8. Pantograph (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one receiving coil (126) associated with a rubbing strip (112) is arranged in indirect thermal coupling with said rubbing strip (112). ), through a support (114) of said friction strip (112), heat conductor. 9. Pantograph according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one receiver coil associated with a rubbing strip is in direct contact with said rubbing strip. 10. Pantograph according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises several independent friction strips, and in that the heating device comprises, for at least two, in particular each, said friction strips: at least one independent receiver coil, and - at least one common transmitter coil. 11. Pantograph according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises several independent bands of friction, and in that the heating device comprises, for at least two, in particular each, said friction strips: at least one independent receiver coil, and - at least one independent transmitter coil. 12. Railway vehicle comprising at least one pantograph (100) according to any one of the preceding claims.