FR3040086A1 - MOUTH OF EXTRACTION OR AIR INSUFFLATION - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a mouth (1) intended to equip a room room and adapted to be attached to an extraction element or air insufflation (2). According to the invention, it is associated with a device for detecting at least one parameter of the air in said element and in that it also comprises a device for indicating at least one level of this parameter, which is perceptible from inside the room.

Description

The invention relates to a mouth capable of being fixed to an element for extracting or blowing air.

Such vents are generally connected to ventilation units or other ventilation equipment of the building to be treated by means of ducts. These ventilation systems, in particular centralized ventilation systems of the controlled mechanical ventilation type, often installed in attics, are visible in the housing by these vents which aesthetically mask the air inlet or outlet.

These outlets can integrate additional functions, for example an orientation of the airflow by means of shutters, a control of a constant flow, a modulation of the flow according to the hygrometry of the room of the room and / or a modulation flow according to a presence in the room. By way of example, as described in patent document FR 2 956 191, such a mouth may be equipped with presence detection means and a control unit may be adapted to control lighting means and a control device. the position of a movable flap whose position influences the degree of opening of the mouth, on the basis of a signal transmitted by the detection means, in particular in the case of WC type wet rooms.

If the operation of these lighting means to verify the proper detection of the presence of a person, it does not ensure that the air flow is regulated accordingly. This may not be the case if the central ventilation unit has failed or if the control device for the position of the movable flap is defective, for example.

Moreover, such lighting means are not intuitively understood by the user as being related to an increase in the level of ventilation. The object of the invention is to enable the level of the air flow in the duct or another element for extracting or blowing air to be verified, and more generally for a parameter of this air, of easy way for the user, a simple visualization of the mouth ensuring the smooth operation of the extraction or blowing of air.

In addition, the invention can make it possible to visualize the level of flow ventilated by the mouth, in the case of an installation whose flow varies over time. The invention solves this problem and proposes a mouth adapted to be attached to an air extraction or blowing element, characterized in that it is associated with a device for detecting at least one parameter of the air in said element and in that it also comprises a device for indicating at least one level of this parameter, perceptible from the interior of the room room.

Preferably, said indication device is a device for visual indication of at least one level of this parameter, visible on the front external surface of the mouth.

The indicator device may also be audible, for example an alarm in case of malfunction, or a voice recorded in the device.

According to a preferred type of mouth according to the invention, said parameter is the air flow rate in said element, preferably formed by a ventilation duct, or part of the mouth.

In alternative embodiments, said parameter may for example be: the indoor air quality: in this case, at least one hygrometry sensor, a CO2 sensor or a volatile compounds sensor, is integrated in order to determine the level of indoor air quality in the room or dwelling; obviously, one of these sensors can be used alone, or in combination with another sensor; for example, one solution is to perform a hygrometry measurement in combination with a flow measurement; - The temperature: a temperature sensor may for example be complementary or substituted for a humidity sensor to detect a shower; - smoke, etc ...

This parameter (s) can be detected at any point in the ventilation network, at the level of the central ventilation unit, duct or mouth in question.

In particular in the first case, this detection can then be transmitted to the mouth by radio link or otherwise.

But, preferably, said device for detecting the flow of air is also carried by the mouth.

According to a first variant of the invention, said air flow detection device is a turbine disposed at the rear of said front external surface.

And, preferably, said air flow detection device is a helical turbine whose axis of rotation is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of said mouth.

A tangential type turbine can also be used.

Said flow indication device may be a coded rotation disc mechanically linked to that of said turbine, disposed near the front surface of the mouth having a viewing window of a coded portion of this disc.

Preferably, said coded disk has its rotation shaft secured to that of said turbine and said coded portion of this disk is at least one visually differentiated sector facing the front surface of the mouth.

Optionally or cumulatively, said flow indicator device may comprise at least one light indicator whose light flow is visible at the front surface of the mouth.

Preferably, said indicator light comprises at least one light emitting diode.

Advantageously, said turbine is an energy recovery device ensuring the self-power supply of the mouth.

By self-power means a self-powered mouth energy, that is to say, requiring no external power or regular intervention, such as replacing batteries. It may be, for example, a mechanical or solar energy recovery. On the other hand, this self-power supply may comprise energy storage means, which makes it possible to store the energy in case of excess and to restore it when necessary.

According to a second variant according to the invention, said air flow detection device is a piston biased by a spring and movable by translation of a central longitudinal axis.

Preferably, said flow indicator device is a tip protruding from said front surface of the mouth and linked in displacement to said piston.

According to a third variant according to the invention, said air flow detection device is a rotary flap along an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the mouth.

Preferably, said air flow indicator device is an end of this flap disposed near a viewing window of the front surface of the mouth. The invention is described below in more detail with the aid of figures representing only preferred embodiments of the invention.

Figures IA and IB are longitudinal sectional views of a first embodiment of a mouth, according to the invention, installed in a wall or alone.

Figure IC is a schematic view of the circuit of an electronic card, integrated in such a mouth.

Figure 1D is a longitudinal sectional view of a variant of this first embodiment.

Figures 2A to 2C are views in longitudinal section and front of a second embodiment of a mouth according to the invention, installed in a wall or alone.

Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a third embodiment of a mouth according to the invention, installed in a wall.

Figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a mouth according to the invention, installed in a wall.

According to a first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, a mouth 1 adapted to be fixed to an air extraction duct 2, the air flow of which is illustrated by arrows in FIG. to a device for detecting at least one parameter of the air, namely the air flow rate in the sheath 2, carried by the mouth and also comprises a device for visual indication of at least one level of this parameter separated and visible on the front outer surface IA of the mouth.

The mouth 1 here illustrated comprises an aesthetic facade plate IA forming the front external surface intended to be visible in the room of the room and secured to a set of tubular sleeves IB fitted into an orifice of the wall M and at the end of which is secured by fitting the sheath 2, itself connected to a ventilation network connected to a central ventilation group of controlled mechanical ventilation type.

The air flow detection device is a turbine 3 disposed at the rear of the external front surface IA and more specifically, in this case, close to the end of the set of sleeves IB connected to the sheath. ventilation 2. This turbine 3 is a helical turbine whose axis of rotation is the longitudinal axis AA of the mouth.

The flow indicator device comprises at least one indicator light 4 whose light flow is visible on the front surface of the mouth. It is here represented in the center of the external front surface IA, but it can also be positioned off-center or even at the edge of this surface. The light device can then be off-center, and the luminous flux can be routed by a suitable light guide device.

The purpose of the indicator device is that it is visible in all or part of the room in which the mouth is installed.

The turbine 3 is dimensioned to the largest diameter possible in the set of sleeves IB, to ensure an optimization of the pressure losses, and its aerodynamic profile allows it to be rotated at the lowest desired operating rate. Alternatively, and in particular depending on the flow rate through the mouth, it is possible to use a smaller turbine diameter, associated with a convergent shape of the duct, allowing the turbine to benefit from greater air velocities at low temperatures. flow, and thus lower are minimum operating flow.

Its axis of rotation 3A is secured to the shaft of a generator 5A, for example by interlocking, which ensures the conversion of the rotation of the turbine 3 into an electrical signal of the alternative type. More precisely, this generator 5A consists of a rotating permanent magnet and a set of coils.

An electronic card 5B is electrically connected to the generator 5A. This electronic card 5B ensures - the recovery of the energy produced by the generator 5A, by electrical conversion into a continuous and stable voltage signal, for example by means of a voltage rectifier diode bridge and a current converter illustrated in Figure IC; the measurement of the air flow by counting the frequency of the alternating signal generated by the rotation of the generator 5A, driven by the turbine 3 by means of a microcontroller illustrated in FIG. - The power supply of the indicator light 4, preferably at least one light emitting diode, which provides the display of the flow level to the user present in the room room. - the possible storage of electrical energy.

The generator 5A and the electronic card 5B are housed in a housing 5C secured to the mouth 1 by means of tabs 5D, for example fitted, glued or welded, to Γ set of sleeves IB, centrally on the longitudinal axis AA of the mouth. Faced with the light element 4, this casing 5C has a light-passing orifice, for example a hole or a translucent material.

This luminous flux is visible by a person present in the room of the room, either by an orifice made in the front plate IA, or by a light guide in this plate IA, or by a thin area of this plate IA, either by a translucent material of this plate IA.

Thus, in operation as shown in FIG. 1A, the controlled mechanical ventilation unit creates a suction pressure in the ventilation network of the system. A suction flow is created at each mouth 1 of the system. This flow rotates the air turbine 3, and therefore the generator 5A, which supplies the electronic card 5B with a flow rate indication corresponding to the rotation frequency of the turbine and the energy, the flow rate being substantially proportional to the speed rotation of a helical turbine generally. The electronic card 5B can therefore turn on the light-emitting diode 4 of operation indication, visible directly or indirectly by the user, depending on the flow rate measured by the turbine.

In the case where the speed of rotation is not proportional, depending on the aerodynamic behavior of the mouth, the determination of the speed can be done by a nonlinear mathematical law, or a table of predetermined value, such as modeling.

This signal may be a flash more or less fast depending on the flow, or a light signal appearing only if a ventilation flow threshold is reached. It is also possible to have two colors by means of two light-emitting diodes, with one indicating a fault, for example by a red flashing. By way of example, the sizes and dimensions of the system may be the following: - Sheath diameter: 80mm - Ventilated flow: 30 m3 / h - Turbine diameter: 60 to 80mm

- Power recovered by the generator: 1 to 10 mW

A circuit diagram of the electronic control card 5B is shown in FIG.

The generator 5A is here both the sensor and the energy source. It is permanent magnet type, the voltage generated by its rotation being alternating and sinusoidal. A voltage converter 5A1, disposed downstream of the generator 5A, has the role of converting this signal into stabilized DC voltage, for example 3.3 volts. This conversion can be carried out by a single component, or by a voltage recovery by a diode bridge, then a stabilization of the voltage at 3.3V by a specific component, for example of the "Buck-Boost" type, which is a switching power supply that converts a DC voltage into another DC voltage of lower or higher value but stabilized. The 3.3 Volt supply feeds a microcontroller 5A2, via a capacitor Ci, whose role is to stabilize and store energy. The microcontroller 5A2 also measures the voltage Ui of the generator 5A, to count the pulses of the sinusoidal voltage and to deduce the speed of rotation of the generator 5A. Alternatively, one can use a processing of this signal before reading by the microcontroller for easy reading. Depending on the speed of the generator 5A, the microcontroller 5A2 will display a signal on at least one of its voltage outputs, related to the ignition of a light emitting diode or several light emitting diodes, for example bar graph type commonly called "bar graph", with light-emitting diodes chain.

Preferably, the Outputi voltage output, linked to a light emitting diode, is an ignition frequency output proportional to the speed measured in the mouth. This frequency can be between 0.1 and 5 Hertz, for example. In this preferred mode also, the output Output2 is also intermittently activated to display a fault detection, that is to say a flow rate of the mouth that is zero or less than a threshold, signaling a malfunction, a fouling or a failure of the controlled mechanical ventilation group. The ignition frequency can also be between 0.1 and 5 Hertz.

Alternatively, it is also possible to perform non-binary visual signals visually, using a PWM-type function (acronym for Pulse Width Modulation - PWM acronym for "Pulse Width Modulation") Output Outputi in particular. It is, on a constant frequency basis related to the microcontroller 5A2, greater than 1 kHz, to modulate the ignition time of each cycle to create a progressive visual effect. This solution allows for smoother ignition transitions, with a breathing effect for example. In the same manner as described above, this type of signal can be used to indicate a level of variable flow to the user, depending on the frequency, the duration or the visual amplitude of the frequency light signal.

As regards the capacitor C1, it is sized to allow a stabilization of the voltage, in particular during peaks of current. It may possibly be dimensioned to allow more energy storage, to allow an operating time of the alert function for a certain time, for example an hour. For efficiency, we can separate these two functions, and keep a minimum value for Cl, and add to the system a second capacity, or other storage device, managed directly by the converter or microcontroller, allowing better storage management and current calls.

As an alternative to the stabilized converter 5A1, it is possible to use a stabilization system stabilized by a capacitor, which acts as a voltage stabilizer. A switch-type device can be added to cut off the power supply to the system once the capacitor has been charged, in order to avoid overvoltage and to restore it when the capacity is discharged. This system, less expensive, however, is less efficient.

According to this variant of the first embodiment, the mouth is therefore equipped with an energy recovery device ensuring its self-power supply, this energy recovery device comprising the turbine 3. The flow indication device 4 is therefore electrically self-powered.

FIG. 1D represents another variant embodiment of this first embodiment.

As previously, a mouth 1 adapted to be attached to an air extraction duct 2, the air flow of which is illustrated by arrows in FIG. 1D, is associated with a device for detecting at least one parameter air, namely the flow of air in the sheath 2, carried by the mouth and further comprises a device for visual indication of at least one level of this parameter, visible on the front external surface IA of the mouth.

The mouth 1 comprises an aesthetic facade plate IA forming the front external surface intended to be visible in the room of the room and secured to a set of tubular sleeves IB fitted into an orifice of the wall M and at the end of which is fixed by interlocking the sheath 2, itself connected to a ventilation network connected to a central ventilation unit of the controlled mechanical ventilation type.

As previously, the air flow detection device is a turbine 3 disposed at the rear of the external front surface IA and more specifically, in this case near the end of the set of cuffs IB connected to the ventilation duct 2.

This turbine 3 is a helical turbine whose rotational tax is Longitudinal AA AA of the mouth.

The flow indicator device comprises at least one indicator light 4 whose light flow is visible on the front surface of the mouth.

On the other hand, according to this variant, the system is powered by an electric battery 6.

The air flow thus sets in motion the air turbine 3, which is placed on a shaft 3A. This shaft 3A is positioned by two smooth bearings, nested in the mechanical support housing 5C. Alternatively, one can consider a single bearing, longer, or even the use of one or two ball or roller bearings. The shaft 3A is thus connected to the air turbine 3 by interlocking, screwing or even bonding on one side, and linked to a coding wheel 6B on the other side. This encoder wheel 6B can be, alternatively, mechanically linked to the turbine 3 via a gear stage for example, allowing a division or a reduction of the speed. The encoder wheel 6B, associated with the axis 3A, has a disk shape, preferably balanced so as not to generate vibration, having a reference point.

In this preferred embodiment, shown in FIG. 1D, it is a plastic disc, equipped with a magnetized metal zone 6C. This metal zone 6C may for example be a sector of the disk, representing for example 1/8 of the surface of the disk. This metal zone 6C can also be a metal insert of sufficient size and mass.

A 6D electronic card integrated in the solution has a Hall type sensor 6E, positioned and oriented to detect the passage of the magnetized metal zone 6C, during the rotation of the encoder disc 6B.

Alternatively, this system can be achieved by a coding wheel 6B having a window, associated with an optical sensor for detecting the passage of this window, with or without a light source facing the sensor.

Alternatively also, this system can be achieved by a generator type magnet and coil, for which we do not use the energy recovery function.

In the same way, one can consider using an inductive or capacitive sensor to achieve the detection of a point of passage of the encoder wheel 6B.

The electronic card 6D has an intelligence, in particular a microcontroller, allowing a count of the information of the Hall sensor 6E, to deduce therefrom the speed information of the coding wheel 6B, and therefore of the turbine 3. This speed information can then be treated, in the same way as the previous variant, as a light signal transmitted to the user via the light indicator 4.

The same calculation device can be used to indicate the system is not working or malfunctioning, or to use a specific component. A bistable mechanical indicator, for example, can enable the function to be carried out in a sustainable way: in the absence of a setpoint, even in the event of a loss of power, the bistable indicator will return to the fault position, which may be a fault. red fault indicator for example.

According to a second embodiment shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C, a mouth 1 'adapted to be fixed to an air extraction duct 2', the air flow of which is illustrated by arrows in FIG. 2A, is associated with a device for detecting at least one parameter of the air, namely the air flow in the sheath 2 ', carried by the mouth and furthermore comprises a device for visual indication of at least one level of this parameter, visible on the front external surface A of the mouth.

As previously, the mouth 1 'here illustrated comprises an aesthetic facade plate A forming the front external surface intended to be visible in the room of the room and secured to a set of cuffs the tubular B nested in a hole of a wall M and at the end of which is fixed by interlocking the sheath 2 ', itself connected to a ventilation network connected to a central ventilation group of controlled mechanical ventilation type.

As in the previous embodiment, the air flow detection device is a turbine 3 'disposed at the rear of the external front surface A and more specifically, in this case near the end of the set of cuffs the B connected to the ventilation duct 2 '. This turbine 3 'is a helical turbine whose axis of rotation is the longitudinal axis AA of the mouth.

The flow indicator device is on the other hand a coded disk 4 ', rotation mechanically linked to that of the turbine 3', disposed near the front panel A of the mouth which has a viewing window 4Ά d a coded part of this disc 4 '.

The coded disc 4 'has its rotation shaft 4'B secured to that of the turbine 3' and the coded portion of this disc is at least a visually differentiated sector facing the front surface of the mouth.

Alternatively, one can consider a mechanical connection by a gear system for example, to increase or divide the rotational speed of the coded disk 4 'relative to the turbine 3'. The rotation shaft 4'B of the coded disk 4 'is fixed in a housing reserved for this purpose on the turbine 3', by screwing in abutment. The turbine 3 'is centered by its hub in the housing 5'C. The turbine 3 'is provided with a shoulder, allowing positioning and rotation of the coded disc and turbine assembly. Alternatively, it may of course use a set of plain bearings or bearings.

Preferably, the materials used on these three parts allow reduced friction and low wear over time. For example, plastics of the polyamide, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene or polypropylene type can be used.

The coded disc 4 'is made so as to allow, on one of its faces, a clear visualization of an alternation of colors, luminosities or other visible elements, by sector of rotation. It may for example be a notched wheel, or a disc whose sectors are colored differently, for example in white and black.

This alternation is visible by the viewing window 4Ά, positioned at the alternating sector of the coded disc. This window 4Ά, which may be an opening or a transparent or translucent zone, is dimensioned so as to have a major part, or even the whole of its surface, corresponding alternately to the sectors of the coded disk 4 '.

Thus, during the operation of the ventilation opening 1 ', the flow causes a rotation of the turbine 3' and thus of the coded disk 4 ', and therefore an alternative passage of visibly different sectors at the window 4Ά. A variation of flow therefore results in a variation of the frequency of sector alternation visible and understandable by a user as representative of the flow variation in the mouth.

Finally, a lack of alternation will be understandable by the user as being an absence of air flow through the mouth.

In Figure 2B which is a front view of the mouth 1 ', the aesthetic facade plate 1Ά is made transparent, which allows to view the relative location of the window 4Ά relative to the coded disk 4' in particular.

According to a third embodiment shown in FIG. 3, a mouth 1 "capable of being fastened to an air extraction duct 2", the air flow of which is illustrated by arrows, is associated with a device of FIG. detection of at least one parameter of the air, namely the air flow in the sheath 2 ", carried by the mouth and further comprises a device for visual indication of at least one level of this parameter, visible on the front outer surface 1 "A of the mouth.

As previously, the mouth 1 "comprises an aesthetic facade plate 1" A forming the front external surface intended to be visible in the room of the room and secured to a set of tubular sleeves 1 "B fitted into an orifice of a wall M and at the end of which is fixed by fitting the sheath 2 ", itself connected to a ventilation network connected to a centralized ventilation group of the controlled mechanical ventilation type.

The air flow detection device is here a piston 3 "biased by a spring 5" A and movable by translation of a central longitudinal axis 5 "B, mounted as a slide.

The flow indicator device is a tip 4 "protruding from the front plate forming the front surface 1" A of the mouth and linked in motion to the piston 3 ".

The slide system consists of the central axis 5 "B, sliding relative to the structure, the air-bleed piston 3", as well as the tip 4 "equipped with a marking, which protrudes from the front plate 1 "A mouth, and that is visible to the user. The spring 5 "A is disposed on the axis 5" B, resting on the structure of the mouth, so as to push the axis 5 "B, the piston 3" and the indicator end 4 "to the piece of the local.

In this configuration, the moving part is the air piston 3 ", which allows the displacement of the axis 5" B relative to the mouth, depending on the pressure differential, and therefore the flow, between the air duct 2 "and Of course, the spring 5 "A and the piston 5" B are dimensioned to be able to move the piston substantially, so as to find an equilibrium position in normal operating mode, and at this point the difference in depression of the 4 "indicator tip is visible to the user, in the event of flow variation depending on the target flow rate range.

Optimally, there is on the 4 "indication tip a marking allowing the user to view the position of the tip, or to visualize a specific sign of lack of pressure, and therefore of flow, by a sign protruding from the aesthetic facade plate 1 "A of the mouth when no flow of air circulates. The spring 5 "A and the piston 3" are also dimensioned so that in the minimum aeraulic operating position, the sign indicating the malfunction of the system is invisible to the user.

According to a fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 4, a mouth 10 capable of being fixed to an air extraction sheath 20, as illustrated by arrows, is associated with a device for detecting at least one parameter of the air, namely the air flow in the sheath 20, carried by the mouth and further comprises a device for visual indication of at least one level of this parameter, visible on the front external surface 10A of the mouth .

As before, the mouth 10 comprises an aesthetic facade plate 10A forming the front external surface intended to be visible in the room of the room and secured to a set of tubular sleeves 10B fitted into an orifice of a wall M and at the end of which is fixed by interlocking the sheath 20, itself connected to a ventilation network connected to a central ventilation group of controlled mechanical ventilation type.

The air flow detection device is here a rotary flap 30 along an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis AA of the mouth 10.

The air flow indication device is an end 40 of this flap 30 disposed near a viewing window 41 of the front plate 10A carrying the front surface of the mouth.

This ventilation flap 30 is mounted on a hinge 31 whose axis is perpendicular to the flow of air and which is equipped with a spring, so as to maintain the flap in a position to minimize the passage of air from the mouth 10. The flap 30 is inclined to open when the suction pressure of the ventilation network increases. This flap 30 may be made by a plastic plate for example, or metal. The hinge 31 is made of plastic ideally, to allow a reduced cost of implementation and a limitation of friction. The spring can be realized conventionally by a wire, or even by a deformation of plastic part correctly sized.

The ventilation flap 30 is extended by a lower portion carrying its end 40, which protrudes from the front plate 10A of the ventilation opening. Thus, when displacement is given to the flap 30, this displacement is visible from the outside by the displacement of the indicator end 40 at the level of the viewing window 41.

Of course, the spring is dimensioned so that the flap is in the closed position, ie the indicator end 40 at the "mini" level, at the lowest flow rate of the mouth, and in the open position, ie the indicator end 40 at the "Maxi", at the highest flow of the mouth.

Alternatively or additionally, the spring and the flap can be sized to indicate a "default" position when the ventilation flow is zero. In an alternative embodiment, it is possible to reproduce this principle with an axis of rotation of the shutter parallel to the axis of the mouth, that is to say in the direction of the air flow.

The mouth embodiments according to the invention are described and shown previously for an air extraction, but can equally be adapted to an air blowing mouth. For this, it is necessary to modify the turbine 3 to allow optimal energy recovery in the opposite direction of the air.

Similarly, the invention can be applied to a single-flow controlled mechanical ventilation air inlet mouthpiece, very commonly positioned on the frames of rooms to be lived as a living room or bedrooms, to allow the air to return. , by aspiration of the controlled mechanical ventilation, whose mouths of suction are located in the toilets. In this configuration, the air inlet is outside and the discharge is done in the living room instead of a ventilation duct.

The embodiments of mouths according to the invention are described and shown horizontally. However, it can quite be able to operate along a vertical axis, which will imply a suitable dimensioning of the generator and the turbine in particular, to avoid any friction or degradation leading to an early break in the system.

Claims (16)

1. Mouth (1, 1 ', 1 ", 10, 100) intended to equip a room room and adapted to be attached to an element for extracting or blowing air (2, 2', 2", 20, 200), characterized in that it is associated with a device for detecting at least one parameter of the air in said element and in that it also comprises a device for indicating at least one level of this parameter, noticeable from the inside of the room. 2. Mouth according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said indicating device is a visual indication device (4, 4 ', 4 ", 40, 400) of at least one level of this parameter, visible on the front outer surface (IA, A, 1 "A, 10A, 100A) of the mouth. 3. Mouth according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said parameter is the air flow in said element. 4. Mouth according to claim 3, characterized in that said air flow detection device (3, 3 ', 3 ", 30, 300) is also carried by the mouth. 5. Mouth according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said air flow detection device is a turbine (3, 3 ', 300) disposed at the rear of said front outer surface. 6. Mouth according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said air flow detection device is a helical turbine (3, 3 ', 300) whose axis of rotation is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis (AA) of said mouth. 7. Mouth according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that said flow rate indicating device is a coded disc (4 '), of rotation mechanically connected to that of said turbine (3'), disposed near the surface frontal (A) of the mouth having a viewing window (4Ά) of a coded portion of this disc. 8. Mouth according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said coded disc (4 ') has its rotation shaft secured to that of said turbine (3') and said coded part of this disc is at least a visually differentiated sector facing towards the frontal surface (A) of the mouth. 9. Mouth according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said flow indicator device comprises at least one light indicator (4, 400) whose light flow is visible at the front surface (ΙΑ, 100A) of the mouth. 10. Mouth according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said indicator light (4, 400) comprises at least one light emitting diode. 11. Mouth according to one of claims 5 and one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that said turbine is an energy recovery device ensuring the electric self-feeding of the mouth. 12. Mouth according to claim 4, characterized in that said air flow detection device is a piston (3 ") biased by a spring (5" A) and movable by translation of a central longitudinal axis (AA) . Mouthpiece according to claim 4, characterized in that said air flow detection device is a piston (3 ") biased by a spring (5" A) and movable by translation of a central longitudinal axis (AA). . 14. Mouth according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said flow indicator device is a tip (4 ") protruding from said front surface (1" A) of the mouth and connected in displacement to said piston (3 "). 15. Mouth according to claim 4, characterized in that said air flow detection device is a rotary flap (30) along an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (AA) of the mouth. 16. Mouth according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said air flow indicator device is an end (40) of this flap disposed near a viewing window (41) of the front surface (10A). from the mouth.