FR3039187A1 - METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A WALL ELEMENT OF A SEALED AND THERMALLY INSULATING TANK - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a wall element (2b) for the construction of a sealed and thermally insulating fluid storage tank, said wall element (2b) having in the direction of the thickness from the outside to the inside, a concrete supporting structure, a secondary watertight barrier (11) comprising a metal sheet (14) and a thermally insulating barrier (12); the method comprising an operation of anchoring the thermally insulating barrier (12) against the metal sheet (14) and a forming operation of the carrier structure (10) comprising the following steps: - forming a formwork compartment (18) delimited inside, by the metal sheet (14) of the secondary watertight barrier (11), and on the outside by a removable formwork element (17); pouring concrete into the formwork compartment (18) so as to form the concrete supporting structure; and - removing the removable formwork element (17) after drying the concrete. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a reservoir, a wall element and a sealed and thermally insulating reservoir for storing a fluid.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to the field of tanks, sealed and thermally insulating, membrane, for the storage of a cryogenic fluid.

Watertight and thermally insulating membrane tanks are used in particular for the storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG), which is stored at atmospheric pressure at about -162 ° C.

Technological background

Document W00229310 discloses a method of manufacturing a storage tank for a cryogenic liquid. The reservoir comprises a multilayer structure having in the thickness direction, from the outside to the inside, a concrete support structure, a thermally insulating barrier and a metal membrane intended to be in contact with the cryogenic fluid. The thermally insulating barrier is comprised of a plurality of insulating panels having a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam layer which is coated on its outer surface with a coating comprising a polymeric, gas and liquid tight material, and gravel.

For the manufacture of the tank, the thermally insulating barrier is previously produced by assembling the insulating panels. A suitable cement is disposed at the junction between the insulating panels to provide a gas and liquid tight connection between the insulating panels. Subsequently, a removable formwork is put in place. The formwork comprises an outer partition which is disposed outside the insulating panels, at a distance from them so as to define a space for pouring the concrete of the load-bearing structure between the insulating panels and the outer wall. The formwork further includes an interior partition for retaining the insulating panels inwards and resume the thrust of the concrete during its pouring. The concrete load-bearing structure can then be poured between the outer wall and the insulating panels.

Such a method of manufacturing a reservoir is not fully satisfactory. In fact, the assembly operations of the insulating panels on the reservoir implantation site are complex and delicate. In particular, the placement of cement to ensure sealing between the insulating panels is long and delicate so that leakage can occur between the supporting structure and the PVC foam layer of the insulating panels. summary

An idea underlying the invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a wall element for the manufacture of a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storage of a cryogenic fluid that is reliable and simple to implement .

According to one embodiment, the invention provides a method of manufacturing a wall element for the construction of a sealed and thermally insulating fluid storage tank, said wall element having in the direction of the thickness from the outside to the inside, a concrete supporting structure, a secondary watertight barrier comprising a metal sheet and a thermally insulating barrier; the method comprising an operation of anchoring the thermally insulating barrier against the metal sheet and a carrier structure forming operation comprising the following steps: - forming a shuttering compartment delimited, inside, by the metal sheet of the secondary waterproof barrier, and outside by a removable formwork element; pouring concrete into the formwork compartment so as to form the concrete supporting structure; and - removing the removable formwork element after drying the concrete.

Thus, the metal sheet of the secondary sealed barrier has a dual function since it allows, firstly, to ensure a structural character by forming a rigid formwork wall during casting of the concrete carrier structure and, on the other hand, to form a secondary sealed barrier intended to seal the tank in the event of leakage of the primary waterproofing membrane. Therefore, during the manufacture of the tank by assembling a plurality of aforementioned wall elements, the sealing between the secondary waterproof barriers of the wall elements can be achieved simply and reliably by means of simple welding operations aimed at to connect the metal sheets of the wall elements to each other.

In addition, the use of metal sheet as lost form wall for pouring operations of the concrete support structure makes it easier to formwork operations and reduce their cost. In particular, the metal sheet has a certain rigidity which contributes to the rigidity of the formwork structure during casting operations of the supporting structure.

Finally, the use of such a metal sheet allows advanced prefabrication of the wall element since it is likely to include a supporting structure, a secondary waterproof barrier, a thermally insulating barrier, and optionally a waterproofing membrane. primary, in a ready state to be mounted and assembled to other wall elements, in the field.

According to embodiments, such a method of manufacturing a wall element may include one or more of the following features. - The sheet metal is fixed to a profile and, during the forming operation of the carrier structure, the profile extends in the formwork compartment between the metal sheet of the secondary waterproof barrier and the formwork element removable. Thus, such a profile also has a dual function since, on the one hand, it contributes to ensuring the rigidity of the formwork during the forming operations of the concrete bearing structure and, on the other hand, it contributes to reinforcing the strength of the concrete. concrete of the supporting structure during the life of the tank.

The profile is made of steel. According to one embodiment, the metal sheet is fixed to the profile by welding. Advantageously, a plurality of studs is welded to the metal sheet to ensure good adhesion of the concrete to the metal sheet. - According to another embodiment, the sheet metal is fixed to the profile by a plurality of fixing studs which are, on the one hand, welded to the metal sheet and on the other hand welded to the profile. - During the forming operation of the support structure, it has the reinforcement, such as wire mesh, in the formwork compartment between the metal sheet and the removable formwork element. According to one embodiment, the reinforcement is fixed to the profile, which makes it possible to hold it in position during the casting operation of the concrete. - According to one embodiment, during the forming operation of the carrier structure, there is a sheath for the passage of a prestressing cable inside the formwork compartment. - When forming the shuttering compartment, the ends of the shuttering compartment are closed by means of a shuttering bottom and a shuttering cover; said bottom and shuttering cover being arranged in the thickness direction between the removable formwork element and the metal sheet and the form bottom and the formwork cover are removed after drying the concrete. According to one embodiment, the formwork base and the formwork cover have matrices of complementary shape to one another so as to allow an interlocking connection of the shape of the wall element with another element of formwork. wall. - The method further comprises an anchoring operation of a primary sealing membrane intended to be in contact with the fluid contained in the reservoir, the thermally insulating barrier or anchoring means fixed on the metal sheet of the secondary watertight barrier. - The anchoring operation of the thermally insulating barrier against the metal sheet comprises the step of securing an insulating polymer foam panel of the thermally insulating barrier against the metal sheet.

The insulating panel is fixed against an inner face of the metal sheet. - The insulation board is fixed on the metal sheet before or after the concrete pouring operation. According to one embodiment, the insulating panel is bonded to the metal sheet. According to another embodiment, the insulating panel is fixed on the metal sheet by means of fixing studs. For example, each fixing stud is welded on the inside of the metal sheet and has a threaded end passing through a cylindrical well formed in the insulating panel and co-operating with a nut. - The insulating panel comprises a plurality of anchor plates and is anchored, for example by welding, the primary sealing membrane on said anchor plates. - The primary waterproofing membrane comprises one or more sheets capable of taking up the thermal forces of the system which are anchored on the anchor plates. According to one embodiment, the sheets of the primary waterproofing membrane are corrugated sheets enabling them to deform under the effect of the thermal stresses generated by the fluid stored in the tank. According to another embodiment, the sheets of the waterproofing membrane are strakes with raised edges. In such a case, the sheets are formed in a material with a low coefficient of expansion, such as Invar® - that is to say an alloy of iron and nickel whose expansion coefficient is typically between 1, 2.10'6 and 2.10'6 K'1- or an iron alloy with a high manganese content whose expansion coefficient is typically of the order of 7.10'6 K'1. - The metal sheet has two edge areas not covered by the thermally insulating barrier, respectively on either side of said thermally insulating barrier so as to clear a space allowing the welding of the metal sheet to a metal sheet of a barrier secondary waterproofing of another wall element. - The anchoring operation of the thermally insulating barrier against the metal sheet comprises the steps of: - forming a second formwork compartment delimited, inside, by a primary sealing membrane intended to be in contact with the fluid contained in the tank, and outside by the metal sheet of the secondary watertight barrier; and pouring polymer foam into the second formwork compartment so as to form the thermally insulating barrier. According to one embodiment, the primary waterproofing membrane comprises a corrugated sheet having at least two perpendicular corrugations projecting inwards and a cover plate is fixed against an outer face of the corrugated sheet, opposite each of the undulations, before pouring the polymer foam into the second formwork compartment. - The cover plates are fixed to the corrugated sheet by means of an anchoring piece which comprises an attachment member which is elastically wedged in the undercut of a fold formed at a level of crossing between two undulations of the corrugated sheet and a plurality of retaining members each cooperating with one of the cover plates. - Each cover plate has on its inner face a groove having an inverted T-shaped section and in which each retaining member has an inverted T-shaped section and each retaining member is housed inside the groove one of the cover plates so as to retain said cover plate to the anchor. - Each cover plate has two areas covered with adhesive and the two areas covered with adhesive are fixed against the outer face of the corrugated sheet respectively on either side of the corrugation covered by said cover plate. - The second formwork compartment is arranged in such a way that the metal sheet has two zones of borders which are not covered by the polymer foam after the polymer foam has been poured so as to clear a space allowing the welding of the metal sheet to a metal sheet of the secondary sealed barrier of another wall element. - When forming the second formwork compartment is closed one of the ends of the second formwork compartment, by means of a second formwork bottom; said second bottom of formwork being disposed in the direction of thickness between the metal sheet of the secondary watertight barrier and the primary waterproofing membrane and being arranged so as to provide one of the two edge zones not covered by the polymer foam when pouring the polymer foam; and removing the second form base after drying the polymer foam. - Before the polymer foam is poured into the second formwork compartment, foam plugs extending outwardly into the second formwork compartment are secured to the primary waterproofing membrane; said foam pegs being trapped in the polymeric foam during casting of the polymeric foam to anchor the primary waterproofing membrane to the thermally insulating barrier. - The foam plugs are carried by metal plates which are welded to the primary waterproofing membrane. - According to one embodiment, anchoring plates are fixed to the metal sheet of the secondary sealed barrier by means of fastening studs elongating in the direction of thickness and anchored, for example by welding, the primary waterproofing membrane on said anchor plates. - The primary waterproofing membrane has a general shape of right prism polygonal base defined by a plurality of flanges directed parallel to the generator of the right prism and delimiting a prismatic internal space and is disposed in the prismatic internal space, a support frame adapted to take up the forces exerted by the polymer foam on the primary waterproofing membrane during the casting of the polymer foam. - The secondary sealed barrier and the thermally insulating barrier have a general shape of polygonal base right prism defined by a plurality of faces directed parallel to the generator of the right prism and delimiting a prismatic internal space and is disposed in the internal space prismatic, a support frame capable of taking up the forces exerted by the concrete on the secondary watertight barrier during the pouring of the concrete. According to one embodiment, the support armature cooperates with the primary sealing membrane, the support armature comprises a plurality of suction cups arranged so that they each adhere against a flat surface of the primary waterproofing membrane. . According to another embodiment, the support armature cooperates with the primary waterproofing membrane, said primary waterproofing membrane having a network of corrugations and nodes zones at each intersection between two undulations and the armature support member includes a plurality of node clips disposed in such a way that each of them nips one of the node areas of the primary waterproofing membrane. According to yet another embodiment, spacers extending in the thickness direction are fixed between, on the one hand, the primary sealing membrane and, on the other hand, the metal sheet of the barrier. secondary sealing so as to take up the forces exerted by the polymer foam on the primary waterproofing membrane during the casting of the polymer foam. According to an alternative embodiment, the metal sheet of the secondary watertight barrier has a plurality of reinforcing ribs. The reinforcing ribs have, for example, an omega profile.

According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a method of manufacturing a sealed and thermally insulating reservoir for storing a fluid in which a plurality of wall elements obtained by the aforementioned method are assembled, and the metal sheet of each wall element is sealed to the metal sheet of an adjacent wall element.

According to embodiments, such a method of manufacturing a sealed and thermally insulating reservoir for storing a fluid may comprise one or more of the following characteristics: according to one embodiment, the metal sheet of each wall element is welded to the metal plate of a neighboring wall element by means of a joining plate. According to another embodiment, the metal sheet of each wall element is directly welded to the metal sheet of a neighboring wall element by end-to-end welding. - The metal sheet of each wall element has two edge areas not covered by the thermally insulating barrier, respectively on either side of said thermally insulating barrier so as to clear a space allowing the welding of the metal sheet of each element of the wall element to that of the neighboring wall element and there is a horseshoe insulating pad or is projected or injected insulating foam on two edge areas adjacent to two adjacent wall elements so as to complete the insulation between the thermally insulating barriers of the two adjacent wall elements. - The primary waterproofing membrane of each wall element is sealed to the primary waterproofing membrane of each adjacent wall element. - Each wall element has a general shape of right prism polygonal base defined by a plurality of panels directed parallel to the generator of the right prism and defining a prismatic internal space.

According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a wall element for the construction of a sealed and thermally insulating storage tank for a cryogenic fluid.

According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a wall element intended for the construction of a sealed and thermally insulating storage tank for a cryogenic fluid having in the thickness direction from the outside towards the inside. , a concrete supporting structure, a secondary watertight barrier comprising a metal sheet and a thermally insulating barrier in which the concrete supporting structure is obtained by pouring concrete into a shuttering compartment delimited inside by the metal sheet of the barrier secondary waterproof, the concrete supporting structure adhering directly against the metal sheet of the secondary waterproof barrier.

According to one embodiment, the invention further provides a sealed and thermally insulating storage tank for a cryogenic fluid having a plurality of aforementioned wall elements assembled to one another.

Such a tank may in particular be part of a land storage facility, for example to store LNG.

Some aspects of the invention start from the idea of facilitating the manufacture of a wall element. Some aspects of the invention start from the idea of facilitating assembly operations of the wall elements to each other for the manufacture of a sealed and thermally insulating storage tank for a cryogenic fluid.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be better understood, and other objects, details, features and advantages thereof will become more clearly apparent from the following description of several particular embodiments of the invention, given solely for the purposes of the invention. illustrative and not limiting, with reference to the accompanying drawings. - Figure 1 is a schematic exploded perspective view of a storage tank of a cryogenic fluid consisting of an assembly of prefabricated elements. - Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of one of the prefabricated elements for forming one of the two longitudinal ends of the tank. - Figure 3 is a schematic view, in section along a longitudinal plane of the tank, a pan of a prefabricated element according to a first embodiment before pouring the concrete carrier structure. - Figure 4 is a schematic view, in section along a longitudinal plane of the tank, illustrating the junction between two prefabricated elements. - Figure 5 is a schematic view, in section along a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the reservoir, a prefabricated element during manufacture, according to a second embodiment. - Figure 6 is a schematic sectional view along a longitudinal plane of the tank, a pan of the prefabricated element of Figure 5, during its manufacture. FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic view, in section along a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the reservoir of a prefabricated element according to a variant of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6. FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic view, in section along a longitudinal plane of the reservoir, illustrating the junction between two prefabricated elements, as shown in Figure 5. - Figure 9 illustrates in detail the thermally insulating barrier and the primary sealing membrane of the prefabricated element of Figure 5 according to an alternative embodiment. - Figure 10 illustrates in detail the thermally insulating barrier and the primary sealing membrane of a prefabricated element according to another embodiment. FIG. 11 is a partial schematic view of a cover plate of a corrugation, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. FIG. 12 illustrates an anchoring piece intended to ensure the fixing of the cover plate of Figure 11 against the primary waterproofing membrane - Figure 13 is a schematic view of a metal sheet of the secondary sealed barrier and anchor plates for anchoring the primary waterproofing membrane to said sheet metal according to one embodiment. FIG. 14 is a schematic perspective view partially illustrating the structure of the primary waterproofing membrane and the secondary watertight barrier at an angle formed between two walls of a prefabricated element according to one embodiment. - Figure 15 is a schematic sectional view of the angle formed between two walls of a prefabricated element. FIG. 16 is a diagrammatic view, in section along a longitudinal plane, of a prefabricated element during manufacture and of a support armature, according to a first embodiment, disposed inside the prefabricated element. so as to take up the thrust of the polymer foam during casting. - Figure 17 is a schematic sectional view along a longitudinal plane of a prefabricated element during manufacture and a support frame, according to a second embodiment. - Figure 18 is a schematic sectional view of a prefabricated element during manufacture, wherein the primary sealing membrane is connected to the secondary sealed barrier by spacers to resume the forces exerted by the polymer foam on the primary waterproofing membrane when pouring.

Detailed description of embodiments

By convention, the terms "outside" and "inside" are used to define the relative position of one element relative to another, with reference to the interior and exterior of the reservoir.

Referring to Figure 1, there is a cryogenic fluid storage tank 1 which is formed of a modular assembly of a plurality of prefabricated elements 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, ... Such prefabricated elements 2a, 2b, 2c, are previously manufactured in the workshop and then assembled to each other on the implantation site of the tank 1, which limits the overall time of construction in situ of the tank 1.

The tank 1 has a cylindrical shape. More particularly, the reservoir shown in FIG. 1 has the shape of a polygonal cylinder or right prism with a polygonal base, each of which prefabricated elements 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d forms one of the sections. In the embodiment shown, the tank 1 has a square-shaped straight prism shape. However, the tank 1 may have other prismatic shapes, for example with a base of rectangular, octagonal or other shape. Note further that, according to a not shown embodiment, the outer surface of the reservoir has a circular cylinder shape while the inner surface has a form of right prism polygonal base. By convention, the longitudinal direction is directed parallel to the generator of the right prism.

The prefabricated elements 2a, 2b, 2c are hollow so as to define a prismatic internal space for storing the fluid and each have a general shape of polygonal base right prism which is defined by a plurality of side panels 3, 4, 5, 6 extending in the longitudinal direction of the tank 1. The tank 1, has at each of its two longitudinal ends, a prefabricated element 2a, as shown in Figure 2, which further comprises a bottom section 7, orthogonal to the longitudinal direction, and joining the side panels 3, 4, 5, 6 of said prefabricated element 2a so as to close the internal fluid storage space.

The prefabricated elements 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d can be stacked against each other, horizontally, as in the embodiment shown in Figure 1, or vertically in another embodiment. The prefabricated elements 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d rest on support elements 8, illustrated in FIG. 1, which are fixed to the ground 9.

Each of the sections 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the prefabricated elements 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d has a multilayer structure, in particular shown in FIG. 2. The multilayer structure comprises, in the direction of the thickness from the outside towards the the interior of the tank 1, a concrete support structure 10, a secondary sealed barrier 11, a thermally insulating barrier 12 and a primary sealing membrane 13 intended to be in contact with the cryogenic fluid contained in the tank 1.

In relation to FIG. 3, the structure of a panel 3, 4, 5, 6 of a prefabricated element 2b according to a first embodiment is observed. The prefabricated element 2b is here shown, during manufacture, before its concrete bearing structure 10 is cast. The secondary sealed barrier 11 of a prefabricated element comprises one or more metal sheets 14. By way of example, the secondary sealed barrier 11 may comprise, for each of the sections 3, 4, 5, 6 of the prefabricated element 2b, a metal sheet 14, the metal sheets 14 then being each welded sealingly to the metal sheets of the other adjacent panels. Each metal sheet 14 has, for example, a thickness of between 3 and 5 mm. The metal sheet 14 is preferably made of carbon steel - that is to say a steel comprising carbon in a proportion by mass of between 0.12 and 2% - stainless steel or high manganese steel. Such steels have excellent strength.

Each metal sheet 14 is fixed to one or more sections 16 regularly distributed outside the metal sheet 14 so as to stiffen it. The profiles 16 extend in the longitudinal direction. In addition, the profiles 16 are typically made of steel, which gives them excellent rigidity.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the profiles 16 are fixed to the metal sheets 16 by a plurality of fastening studs 15. Each fastening stud 15 extends in the direction of thickness and is, on the one hand, , welded to the metal sheet 14 and, on the other hand, welded to a profile 16.

In another embodiment not shown, the profiles 16 are directly welded to the metal sheets 14. In this case, the prefabricated element 2b may comprise studs which are welded to the outer surface of the metal sheet and extend outwardly so as to ensure satisfactory anchoring of the metal sheet 14 on the supporting structure 10.

In order to form the supporting structure 10, one or more external formwork elements 17, removable, are placed outside the secondary sealed barrier 11. The outer formwork element or elements 17 together have a circular cylinder shape or a polygonal base straight prism which is arranged concentrically with the secondary sealed barrier 11. Thus, a formwork compartment 18 is formed which is delimited, on the inside, by the metal plate (s) 14 of the watertight barrier secondary 11 and, externally, by the outer formwork element or elements 17. Reinforcements 19, such as wire mesh, intended to increase the strength of the supporting structure 10 are arranged in the formwork compartment 18. These Reinforcements 19 may in particular be attached to the profiles 16, to the fixing studs 15 and / or to the metal sheet 14 so as to ensure their position. In an advantageous embodiment, sheaths 20 for the passage of prestressing cables are also evenly distributed inside the formwork compartment 18.

Subsequently, the shuttering compartment 18, at its two longitudinal ends, is closed by a shuttering bottom 21 and a shuttering cover 22. The shuttering bottom 21 and the shuttering cover 22 extend according to the thickness direction of the wall, between the outer formwork elements 17 and the secondary watertight barrier 11.

The shutter cover 22 is advantageously equipped with an orifice, not shown, for injecting the concrete into the shuttering compartment 18. According to an alternative embodiment, the shuttering cover 22 is not in place. after having pre-injected injected the concrete into the formwork compartment 18.

The supporting structure 10 is obtained by casting concrete inside the formwork compartment 18 thus produced. After solidification of the concrete, the removable formwork member (s) 17 as well as the form base (21) and the formwork cover (22) are removed.

In the embodiment shown, the form base 21 and the formwork cover 22 have dies which are of complementary shape to one another so as to form, at the two longitudinal ends of the carrier structure 10 of each prefabricated element, shape imprints complementary to each other. Thus, as shown in FIG. 4, the prefabricated elements 2b, 2c are able to fit into each other by interlocking shape of their supporting structure 10.

The thermally insulating barrier 12 comprises one or more insulating panels 23 fixed to the metal plate (s) 14 of the secondary watertight barrier 11. The insulating panel 23 may be fixed on the secondary watertight barrier 14 before or after the pouring operations of the concrete. the supporting structure 10. Each insulating panel 23 comprises a layer of insulating polymer foam and an inner rigid plate, for example made of plywood, bonded to said layer of insulating polymer foam. The insulating polymer foam is, for example, a polyurethane-based foam and is advantageously reinforced by glass fibers contributing to reduce its coefficient of thermal contraction.

According to an alternative embodiment, each insulating panel 23 is glued against the internal face of the metal sheet 14 of the secondary sealed barrier 11. According to another embodiment variant, not shown, each insulating panel 23 is fastened to the metal sheet 14 by means of threaded studs which are welded to the metal sheet 14. To this end, each insulating panel 23 is provided with a plurality of cylindrical wells through each of which is inserted a threaded stud. Each of the cylindrical wells has a sectional change, defining a bearing surface for a nut cooperating with the threaded end of one of the studs.

In the embodiment shown in Figures 3 and 4, the insulating panel 23 does not completely cover the metal sheet 14 so that said metal sheet has two edge areas 24, 25, not covered by the thermally insulating barrier 12, arranged longitudinally on both sides of the insulating panel 23.

In the embodiment shown, the primary waterproofing membrane 13 comprises a plurality of corrugated metal sheets 26, made of metal. The corrugated sheets 26 are, for example, made of stainless steel or aluminum. Each corrugated sheet 26 has at least two perpendicular corrugations projecting towards the inside of the tank. The corrugated sheets 26 are welded to each other overlap and thus define a network of corrugations. The corrugated sheets 26 comprise between the corrugations a plurality of flat surfaces resting against the thermally insulating barrier 12. Moreover, at each crossing between two corrugations, the corrugated sheet 26 comprises a node zone. The structure of such a node area is described in detail in WO2012020194.

The corrugated sheets 26 are anchored to the thermally insulating barrier 12. To this end, each insulating panel 23 is equipped with anchoring plates, not shown, extending along the edges of the corrugated sheets 26 and fixed on the internal rigid plate said insulating panel 23, for example by screws, rivets or staples. The anchoring of the corrugated sheets 26 on the anchor plates is, for example, achieved by pointing welds.

Alternatively, the corrugated sheets 26 of the primary waterproofing membrane 13 are not previously anchored on the prefabricated elements 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and are fixed in-situ on anchor plates carried by the insulating panels 23 after the preliminary assembly of the prefabricated elements 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d.

In another embodiment not illustrated, the primary sealing membrane 13 comprises a plurality of sheets each having the shape of a strake with raised edges. The folded edges of the strakes are sealingly welded to solder supports which are anchored to the insulation boards. The sheets are formed in a low coefficient of expansion material, such as Invar® - that is to say an alloy of iron and nickel whose expansion coefficient is typically between 1.2.10-6 and 2.10 -6 K-1- or an iron alloy with a high manganese content whose expansion coefficient is typically of the order of 7.10-6 K-1.

In Figure 4, there is the junction between two prefabricated neighboring elements 2b, 2c. As mentioned above, the longitudinal ends of the support structure 10 of each prefabricated element 2b, 2c have indentations 27, 28 allowing the prefabricated elements 2b, 2c to fit into each other. At the junction between two prefabricated elements 2b, 2c, the continuity of the watertightness of the secondary watertight barrier 1 is ensured by means of one or more junction plates 29 which are each welded with a flap on a metal sheet 14 of each two prefabricated elements 2b, 2c adjacent. According to another embodiment, the metal sheets 14 of the two prefabricated elements 2b, 2c are directly welded to each other by butt welding, also called "butt welding" in English.

Furthermore, it is observed that one or more insulating pavers 30 are arranged astride the two adjacent border zones 24, 25 of the two prefabricated elements 2b, 2c neighbors so as to complete the thermally insulating barrier 12 between the insulating panels 23 of one and the other of the two prefabricated elements 2b, 2c. Each insulating pad 30 has a structure substantially identical to that of an insulating panel 23 and thus comprises an insulating polymer foam layer which is covered by an internal rigid plate. The external rigid plates of the insulating panels 23 and insulating pavers 30 are arranged in the extension of each other so as to constitute a continuous flat surface capable of supporting the primary waterproofing membrane 13.

The continuity of the primary sealing membrane 13 is ensured by means of corrugated sheets 31 which extend astride between the two prefabricated elements 2b, 2c and have a welded edge overlapping on one of the corrugated sheets 26 of the one of the prefabricated elements 2b, 2c and another overlapped welded edge on one of the corrugated sheets 26 of the other of the prefabricated elements 2b, 2c.

When all the prefabricated elements 2b, 2c have been assembled together, prestressing cables 32, passing through the sheaths 20 integrated in the carrier structure 10, are tensioned so as to stress the bearing structure 10 of the tank 1.

In connection with Figures 5 and 6, there is now described a method of manufacturing a prefabricated element 2b according to another embodiment. This method of manufacturing a prefabricated element 2b differs from that described above in that the thermally insulating barrier 12 is here obtained by casting polymer foam 39 in the fluid state.

The carrier structure 10 is obtained in a manner substantially identical to the carrier structure 10, as described above in relation to FIGS. 3 and 4.

We observe that, in FIGS. 6 and 7, the prefabricated element 2b does not comprise profiles that reinforce the rigidity of the metal plates 14 constituting the secondary watertight barrier 11. In this case, the anchoring of the carrier structure 10 to the metal sheets 14 can be achieved by means of fastening studs, not shown, which are welded against the outer face of the metal sheets 14 and extend towards the Thus, such fastening studs are trapped in the concrete of the load-bearing structure 10 when poured into the shuttering compartment 18. According to another variant embodiment, the fastening studs are embedded in the concrete of the support structure 10. prefabricated element 2b can also be provided with profiles 16 connected to the metal plates 14 of the secondary sealed barrier 11 as in the embodiment of Figures 3 and 4.

In order to form the thermally insulating barrier 12, a formwork compartment 33 is formed which is delimited internally by the primary sealing membrane 13 and externally by the secondary watertight barrier 11. Therefore, to form the formwork compartment 33, the corrugated sheets 16 of the primary waterproofing membrane 13 are welded together and arranged so as to form an inner formwork concentric with the secondary watertight barrier 11. Note that the secondary watertight barrier 11 may have a circular cylinder shape or right prism polygonal base.

Subsequently, the shuttering compartment 33, at at least its lower longitudinal end, is closed by a shuttering bottom 34, shown in FIG. 6. Optionally, it may also be envisaged to close the shutter other longitudinal end of the shuttering compartment 33 by a shuttering cover, not shown.

The formwork compartment 33 is arranged with respect to the metal sheet 14 so as to provide two zones of edges 35, 36 which will not be covered by the polymer foam 39 after the polymer foam has been poured so as to clear a space allowing the welding the metal sheet 14 to a metal sheet 14 of the sealed barrier of another wall element. Likewise, in order to make room for such welding, the metal sheet 14 protrudes longitudinally on either side of the corrugated sheets 26 of the primary sealing membrane 13.

The thermally insulating barrier 12 is obtained by casting the polymer foam 39 in the fluid state in the shuttering compartment 33 thus produced. After solidification of the polymer foam 39, the formwork bottom 34 is removed.

The polymer foam is, for example a polyurethane foam. Advantageously, fibers such as glass fibers are added to the polymeric foam. Such an addition of fibers contributes to reducing the thermal contraction of the polymer foam during the cooling of the tank 1.

According to one embodiment, the polymer foam density is adapted for each of the sections 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the same prefabricated element 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and / or for each of the prefabricated elements 2a, 2b , 2c, 2d. The density of the polymer foam is chosen as a function of the final position of the panel 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or the prefabricated element 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d in question within the tank 1. The density of the The polymer foam can thus be adapted as a function of the hydrostatic pressure that can be exerted by the fluid contained in the tank 1. In other words, when the longitudinal direction of the tank 1 is oriented vertically, the density of the polymer foam in the thermally insulating barrier 12 of each prefabricated element 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d is lower than that of the prefabricated element 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d on which it rests. In the same way, when the longitudinal direction of the tank 1 is oriented vertically, the polymer foam density of the sections 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of a prefabricated element increases when the position of said pan approaches the bottom of the tank 1 .

According to one embodiment, the outer surface of the corrugated sheets 16 of the primary waterproofing membrane 13 may be partially or completely covered with a thermally insulating coating, such as a glass fabric or a ceramic coating based on of acrylic or aqueous solution. Such a thermally insulating coating is at least applied at the edges of the corrugated sheets 16 of the prefabricated element 2b which will be welded to corrugated sheets 16 of another prefabricated element 2a, 2c. Such a thermally insulating coating thus makes it possible to protect the polymer foam against temperatures likely to degrade it during the welding operations of the corrugated sheets 16 of a prefabricated element 2b to the corrugated sheets 16 of another prefabricated element 2a, 2c.

In relation with FIG. 7, a prefabricated element 2b during manufacture is observed, according to another embodiment. This embodiment differs from the embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6 in that the metal sheets 14 of the secondary watertight barrier have reinforcement ribs 37 which are equal to one another and extend in the longitudinal direction of the tank 1. 7, the reinforcing ribs 37 have an omega profile. Such reinforcing ribs 37 have the effect of reinforcing the rigidity of the metal sheets 14. Moreover, they also have the effect of promoting the anchoring of the concrete of the supporting structure 10 on the metal sheets 14 and of promoting the anchoring of the thermally insulating barrier on metal sheets 14.

FIG. 8 schematically illustrates the junction between two neighboring prefabricated elements obtained according to the method described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. As in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, the sealing of the secondary airtight barrier 1 can be ensured. either by means of junction plates 29 which are each clinch welded to a metal sheet 14 of each of the two adjacent prefabricated elements 2b, 2c or by directly welding one to the other by butt welding the metal sheets 14 of the two prefabricated neighboring elements 2b, 2c.

In order to ensure the continuity of the thermal insulation, polymer foam 38 is injected or projected in the zones of borders 35, 36 which have not been covered by the polymer foam 39 during the casting operation. Advantageously, an anti-adhesion coating, such as a Teflon film, is applied to the edge zones 35, 36 of the metal sheets 14 before the projection of the polymer foam, which makes it possible to limit the risks of cracking of the sheet. polymer foam 38 in the junction zone between the prefabricated elements 2b, 2c.

In relation to FIG. 9, the interface between the polymer foam 38 and the corrugated sheets 26 of the primary waterproofing membrane 13 according to an alternative embodiment is illustrated. The primary waterproofing membrane 13 is anchored to the polymer foam 39 so as to maintain the primary waterproofing membrane 13, both during the handling of the prefabricated elements 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and in conditions of normal operation, that is to say when the prefabricated elements 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d are assembled and form a tank 1. To do this, foam dowels 40 are fixed against the outer face of the corrugated sheets 26 before the casting operations of the polymer foam. The foam dowels 40 are oriented in the thickness direction, within the formwork compartment 33 to be filled with polymeric foam. The foam dowels are thus trapped in the polymer foam 39 during its expansion in the formwork compartment 33. Such foam dowels 40 thus make it possible to ensure the anchoring of the primary waterproofing membrane 13 on the thermally insulating barrier 12.

In the embodiment shown, the foam pins 40 are fixed on the corrugated sheets 26 by means of metal plates 41 which are welded against the outer face of the corrugated sheets 26. The metal plates 41 are welded by clapboard welding, The foil plugs 40 are each attached to one of the metal plates 41 by means of a screw 42. Such a screw 42 passes through a hole formed in the metal plate 41 and is received through a threaded orifice formed in one of the foam pins 40. The foam pins 40, the metal plates 41 and the screws 42 may be preassembled in kit form beforehand. According to another variant embodiment, each foam pin 40 is directly attached to one of the metal plates 41, for example, through a threaded orifice formed in said metal plate 41 and cooperating with a corresponding thread carried by the pin According to another embodiment, each metal plate 41 is formed in one piece with the foam pins 41.

While in the embodiment of Figure 9, the metal plates 41 are not likely to be in contact with the fluid contained in the tank, the metal plates 41 of the embodiment of Figure 10 are intended to constitute a portion of the primary sealing membrane and are therefore intended to be in contact with the fluid contained in the reservoir. In this case, the corrugated sheets 26 are equipped with holes formed in their flat surfaces and the metal plates 41 are each welded to one of corrugated sheets 26 at the periphery of one of the holes by a plug-type weld. Also, insofar as the metal plates 41 also participate in the sealing of the primary sealing membrane 13, the screws 42 for fixing the foam pins 40 to the metal plate 41 are sealed to the metal plate 41 at the periphery of the orifice they pass through or positioned at the periphery of the plate 41, outside the zone which is in contact with the liquid.

According to an alternative or complementary embodiment, the primary waterproofing membrane 13 is anchored to the metal sheets 14 of the secondary watertight barrier 11. In such an embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 13, the corrugated sheets 26 are anchored by welding on anchor plates 43 which are fixed to the metal plates 14 of the secondary sealed barrier 11. The anchor plates 43 are here fixed by means of fixing studs 44. The fastening studs 44 extend according to the direction of thickness through the shuttering compartment 38 intended to receive the polymer foam and are each, on the one hand, welded to one of the metal sheets 14 of the secondary sealed barrier 11 and, on the other hand, welded on one of the anchor plates 43.

In relation with FIGS. 14 and 15, the structure of a prefabricated element, and in particular of its primary waterproofing membrane 13, according to one embodiment, is observed at an angle between two panels 3, 4 The primary waterproofing membrane 13 here comprises a plurality of brackets 57 which each have a first flange 58 welded to a corrugated sheet 26 of one of the panels 3 and a second flange 59 welded to a corrugated sheet 16 of the other The brackets 57 are anchored to the secondary watertight barrier 11 by means of fastening studs 60, 61. Each of the wings 58, 59 is anchored to the secondary watertight barrier 11 by means of a fastening pin 60, 61 extending parallel to said wing, from the latter to the metal sheet 14 of the adjacent pan. In the illustrated embodiment, the fixing studs 60, 61 also pass through an orifice of the metal sheet 14 and protrude inside the formwork compartment 18 of the supporting structure 10.

Moreover, the angles 57 are connected by corner pieces 62, as shown in FIG. 14. Each corner piece 62 has two flanges respectively parallel to each other of the two adjacent flaps 3, 4. Each corner piece 62 is disposed astride between two brackets 57 and is welded thereto in a sealed manner. Each corner piece 62 has a corrugation 63 extending from one end to the other of the corner piece 62 along the two flanges so as to allow deformation of the corner piece 62 in a parallel direction. at the edge formed at the intersection of the two panels 3, 4. The corrugation 63 of each of the corner pieces 62 extends in the extension of one of the directions of the corrugations of the primary waterproofing membrane 13 so as to ensure continuity of the corrugation network of the primary waterproofing membrane 7 at the angle of the prefabricated element.

In FIGS. 9, 10 and 13, it is observed that cover plates 45 are fixed against the outer face of the corrugated sheets 26 opposite each of the corrugations. Such cover plates 45 aim to cover the corrugations so as to prevent polymer foam from plugging the corrugations during the casting of the polymer foam and thus does not affect the deformation capacity of the primary waterproofing membrane 13. The cover plates 45 also make it possible to improve the distribution of the forces transmitted to the polymer foam because of the forces exerted on the corrugations by the fluid contained in the reservoir.

A cover plate 45, intended to be arranged facing a corrugation, is partially shown in FIG. 11. According to one embodiment, such a cover plate 45 is fixed to the corrugated sheets 26 via a anchor piece 46 as illustrated in Figure 12.

The anchor 46 of Figure 12 can be made by molding a plastic resin. The anchoring piece 12 comprises a central body 47 in the form of a hollow cylindrical section with a generally rectangular cross section, the four outer faces of which bear four arms 48, 49, 50, 51 extending substantially perpendicular to the axis of the body and capable of each cooperating with a cover plate 45 to retain or help to retain said cover plate 45 opposite a corresponding corrugation of the corrugated sheet 26. Two rods 70, 71 are connected to the two short sides of the body 47 and s' extend from the upper face of the body 47 by forming a slight angle inclined towards the axis of the body so as to approach one another without joining. The rods 70, 71 have a bevelled shape towards their far end distant from the body. The ends of the rods 70, 71 are connected by a rod 52 extending perpendicular to the axis of the body 47 and having a larger section than the end of the rods 70, 71, for example substantially equal to the width of the rods. their base.

The rod 52 forms a fixing head capable of being wedged elastically in the undercut of a fold formed at a cross between two corrugations of corrugated sheets 26. For this, the rod is dimensioned with a slightly wider section than the narrowest part of the fold. For more details as to how such an anchor piece 46 is likely to be fixed on the corrugated sheets 26, reference is made to WO2012020194.

The anchoring piece 46 comprises, at the distal end of each of the arms 48, 49, 50, 51, a retaining tab 53. Each retaining tab 53 is intended to engage in a groove 54 formed on the face internal to one of the cover plates 45. In the embodiment shown, the retaining tabs 53 and the grooves have a section of complementary shape, here T-shaped, so as to allow retention of the cover plates 45 on the anchor 46.

The cover plates 45 may in particular be made of plastic or wood. Furthermore, optionally, the cover plates 45 can also be equipped on their inner face with adhesive zones 55, 56. The two adhesive zones 55, 56 are arranged along the edges of the cover plates 45 in such a way that when one of the cover plates 45 is placed against the outer face of one of the corrugated sheets 26, the two adhesive zones 55, 56 are respectively disposed against the two plane zones arranged on either side of the corrugation covered by said cover plate 45.

Note that according to an embodiment not shown, the prefabricated elements are not equipped with cover plates 45 as described above.

With reference to FIG. 16, it can be observed that, in order to take up the forces exerted by the foam on the primary waterproofing membrane 13 during its casting, it is possible, before the casting operations, to space internal prismatic formed inside the primary waterproofing membrane 13, a support frame 64.

According to an embodiment where the polymer foam would be cast before the concrete, the reinforcement would be maintained until the casting operation and setting of the concrete carrier structure 10.The support armature 64 here comprises a structure formed of a plurality of adjustable length tubes, which facilitates its adjustment and placement. The support frame 64 has a plurality of bearing surfaces against the primary sealing membrane 13 so as to take up the forces exerted by the foam. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 16, the support armature 64 comprises a plurality of node clips 65 which are each arranged opposite a node zone of the primary waterproofing membrane 13, formed at the intersection between two undulations. Each of the node clips 65 is arranged such that it grips one of the node areas of the primary waterproofing membrane 13. The bearing areas of the support frame 64 against the primary waterproofing membrane 13 are thus made by means of said node clamps 65. Furthermore, said node clamps 65 make it possible to secure the support frame 64 to the prefabricated element so that the support frame 64 is likely to remain in place inside the primary waterproofing membrane 13 during the transport of a prefabricated element. The support frame 64 is thus likely to serve as a fixing point for a handling vehicle, not shown, able to move the prefabricated element.

Figure 17 shows a support frame 64 according to another embodiment. This differs from the support frame 64 of FIG. 16 in that it is not equipped with knot clips but with a plurality of suction cups 66 which each adhere against one of the plane zones of the membrane. primary sealing 13.

Note that a support frame 64 according to one of the aforementioned embodiments is also likely to be used for producing a prefabricated element, as shown in Figures 3 and 4. In this case, the frame The supporting frame 64 can be supported against the insulating panels 23 of the thermally insulating barrier prefabricated element does not include a primary waterproofing membrane and that it is mounted after the prefabricated elements have been assembled to each other, either to bear against the primary waterproofing membrane 13 as in the embodiments shown in Figures 16 and 17.

FIG. 18 illustrates an embodiment in which the corrugated sheets of the primary waterproofing membrane 13 are fixed to the metal sheets 14 of the secondary watertight barrier 11 by means of a plurality of struts 67 making it possible to take up the forces exerted by the foam during its pouring into the formwork compartment 34. The struts 67 lengthen in the direction of thickness and are on the one hand fixed against one of the metal sheets 14 and secondly fixed against one corrugated sheets 26.

The installation of a spacer 67 may in particular be carried out according to the method described below. In a first step, corrugated sheets 26 of the primary sealing membrane 13 are placed against a metal sheet 14 of the secondary sealing barrier 11. This position of the corrugated sheets 26 is shown in dotted lines in FIG. spacer 67 has an inwardly directed first end with a head 69 and an outwardly directed second end provided with a thread. A stud 68 is welded to the inner surface of the metal sheet 14. The spacer 67 is inserted through an orifice formed in one of the corrugated sheets 26 so as to pass through it and is screwed onto the stud 68.

In a second step, the corrugated sheets are pulled inwards until they abut against the head 69 of the spacer 67. This traction operation can in particular be carried out by energizing cables which are each attached to one of the corrugated sheets, for example by means of a node clamp as described above. The head 69 of the spacer 67 is then welded in a sealed manner around the entire periphery of the orifice through which said spacer 67 passes. The casting operation of the polymer foam in the shuttering compartment 33 can then be carried out as described. previously.

Although the invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments, it is obvious that it is not limited thereto and that it comprises all the technical equivalents of the means described and their combinations if they are within the scope of the invention. The use of the verb "to include", "to understand" or "to include" and its conjugated forms does not exclude the presence of other elements or steps other than those set out in a claim. The use of the indefinite article "a" or "an" for an element or a step does not exclude, unless otherwise stated, the presence of a plurality of such elements or steps.

In the claims, any reference sign in parentheses can not be interpreted as a limitation of the claim.

Claims (19)

1. A method of manufacturing a wall element (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) for the construction of a sealed and thermally insulating reservoir (1) for storing a fluid, said wall element (2a, 2b) , 2c, 2d) having in the thickness direction from the outside to the inside, a concrete carrier structure (10), a secondary watertight barrier (11) having a metal sheet (14) and a thermally insulating barrier (12); the method comprising an operation of anchoring the thermally insulating barrier (12) against the metal sheet (14) and a forming operation of the carrier structure (10) comprising the following steps: - forming a formwork compartment (18) delimited inside, by the metal sheet (14) of the secondary watertight barrier (11), and on the outside by a removable formwork element (17); pouring concrete into the formwork compartment (18) so as to form the concrete carrier structure (10); and - removing the removable formwork element (17) after drying the concrete. 2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the sheet metal (14) is fixed to a profile (16) and in which during the forming operation of the carrier structure (10), the profile (16) s extends into the formwork compartment (18) between the metal sheet (14) of the secondary watertight barrier (11) and the removable formwork element (17). 3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: - during the formation of the shuttering compartment (18), the ends of the shuttering compartment (18) are closed by means of a formwork base (21) and a form cover (22); said bottom and shuttering cover (21, 22) being arranged in the thickness direction between the removable formwork element (17) and the metal sheet (14) and having complementary shaped dies to each other in such a way as to allow the form fitting of the wall element (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) with another wall element (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d); and wherein - the form base (21) and the formwork cover (22) are removed after drying the concrete. 4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising an anchoring operation of a primary sealing membrane (13) intended to be in contact with the fluid contained in the reservoir (1), on the thermally insulating barrier (12) or on anchoring means (43, 60, 61, 67) fixed to the metal sheet (14) of the secondary watertight barrier (11). 5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the operation of anchoring the thermally insulating barrier (12) against the metal sheet (14) comprises the step of fixing an insulating panel (23) in polymer foam of the thermally insulating barrier (12) against the metal sheet (14). 6. Method according to claim 5, wherein the metal sheet (14) has two edge regions (24, 25) not covered by the thermally insulating barrier (12) respectively on either side of said thermally insulating barrier ( 12) to provide a space for welding the sheet metal (14) to a metal sheet (14) of a secondary sealed barrier of another wall member (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d). 7. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the operation of anchoring the thermally insulating barrier (12) against the metal sheet (14) comprises the steps of: - forming a second formwork compartment ( 33) delimited, on the inside, by a primary sealing membrane (13) intended to be in contact with the fluid contained in the reservoir, and on the outside by the metal sheet (14) of the secondary watertight barrier ( 11); and pouring polymer foam into the second formwork compartment (33) so as to form the thermally insulating barrier (12). The method according to claim 7, wherein the primary sealing membrane (13) comprises a corrugated sheet (26) having at least two perpendicular inwardly projecting corrugations and in which a cover plate ( 45) against an outer face of the corrugated sheet (26) facing each of the corrugations, before pouring the polymer foam into the second formwork compartment (33). 9. The method of claim 7 or 8, wherein the second formwork compartment (33) is arranged such that the metal sheet (14) has two edge areas (35, 36) which are not covered by the foam polymer after pouring the polymer foam to provide a space for welding the sheet metal (14) to a metal sheet (14) of the secondary watertight barrier (11) of another wall element (2a, 2b , 2c, 2d). The method according to any of claims 7 to 9, wherein prior to pouring the polymer foam into the second formwork compartment (33), anchors are secured to the primary waterproofing membrane (13). foam pad (40) extending outwardly within the second formwork compartment (33); said foam pegs (40) being trapped in the polymeric foam during casting of the polymeric foam to anchor the primary waterproofing membrane (13) to the thermally insulating barrier (12). 11. A method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein anchoring plates (43) are fixed to the metal sheet (14) of the secondary watertight barrier (11) by means of studs. fastener (44) extending in the thickness direction and wherein the primary sealing membrane (13) is anchored to said anchor plates (43). The method according to any one of claims 7 to 11, wherein the primary waterproofing membrane (13) has the general shape of a polygonal base right prism defined by a plurality of flats directed parallel to the generator of the right prism and defining a prismatic internal space and in which is disposed in the prismatic internal space, a support frame (64) adapted to take up the forces exerted by the polymer foam on the primary sealing membrane (13) during the casting of the polymer foam. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the secondary sealed barrier (11) and the thermally insulating barrier (12) have the general shape of a polygonal-based right prism defined by a plurality of parallel directed faces. the generator of the right prism and defining a prismatic internal space and in which is disposed in the internal prismatic space, a support frame (64) adapted to take up the forces exerted by the concrete on the secondary watertight barrier during the casting of the concrete. Method according to any one of claims 7 to 11, wherein spacers (67) extending in the thickness direction are fixed between, on the one hand, the primary sealing membrane (13). and, on the other hand, the metal sheet (14) of the secondary sealed barrier (11) so as to take up the forces exerted by the polymer foam on the primary sealing membrane (13) during the casting of the polymer foam. The method of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the metal sheet (14) of the secondary watertight barrier has a plurality of reinforcing ribs. 16. A method of manufacturing a sealed and thermally insulating fluid storage tank, in which a plurality of wall elements (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) obtained by the manufacturing method according to the invention is assembled. any of claims 1 to 15, and sealing the metal sheet (14) of each wall member (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) to the metal sheet (14) of a wall member (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) adjacent. A method of manufacturing a tank according to claim 16, wherein each wall member (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) has a general shape of a polygonal base straight prism defined by a plurality of panels (3, 4, 5, 6) directed parallel to the generator of the right prism and delimiting a prismatic internal space. 18. Wall element (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) intended for the construction of a sealed and thermally insulating reservoir (1) for storing a cryogenic fluid having in the direction of the thickness from the outside towards the interior, a concrete carrier structure (10), a secondary sealed barrier (11) comprising a metal sheet (14) and a thermally insulating barrier (12); in which the concrete support structure (10) is obtained by pouring concrete into a shuttering compartment (18) defined inside by the metal sheet (14) of the secondary watertight barrier (11), the supporting structure (10) ) concrete adhered directly against the metal sheet (14) of the secondary sealed barrier (11). 19. Tank (1) sealed and thermally insulating storage of a cryogenic fluid comprising a plurality of wall elements (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) according to claim 18, assembled to each other.