FR3034033A1 - MECHANISM AND METHOD FOR TRIGGERING / TRIGGERING A DRIVE SQUARE IN A DYNAMOMETRIC TOOL THAT ROTATES AS A SCREWDRIVER OR A DYNAMOMETRIC DISC - Google Patents

Abstract

"Trigger mechanism" of a rotating tool, such as a screwdriver or dynamometric disc, or a screwdriver having, from "up" to "down" - an actuator (5) housed in the body (6) of the tool, and fixedly mounted in said body, - this actuator acting in rotation, by a mechanical or other connection (7), and about a longitudinal axis of rotational symmetry XX, on - an upper horizontal plate (2) having a engagement means (210) with said link (7), said horizontal plate (2) being over all its outer periphery extended downwardly by a vertical wing (2V), said wing (2V) comprising at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least three housings (L2) adapted to receive at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least three locking means (4).

Description

1 Mechanism and method for triggering / engaging a driving square in a dynamometric tool operating in rotation such as a screwdriver or a dynamometric disc.

TECHNICAL SECTOR The present invention relates to a triggering mechanism (and reclosing, together "triggering" for simplification) of tools operating in rotation, such as in particular a screwdriver or a dynamometric disk or controlled clamping device (electric screwdriver, tire, .. .). The invention also relates to said mechanisms employed and to said tools using them. General presentation of the technical sector and definitions / vocabulary. The invention generally relates to the category of dynamometric tools 15 operating in clockwise or counterclockwise rotation such as a screwdriver, a dynamometric disc, and particular tools such as a screwdriver and the like. By "dynamometric tools" is meant the fact that, in such tools, the tightening or tightening torque (or other action on a workpiece) is monitored and detected, measured, and transmitted to electronic and electromechanical means. and / or tires and the like, such as an electric motor driving linkage parts / transmission of the movement of the axis of the engine such as rods, cams, gears, etc., the assembly being called 3034033 2 hereinafter "actuator" , in order to order this actuator to "trigger" the tool (that is to say that this tool immediately stops exerting any force or torque on the workpiece - screws, bolts, etc. ... even if the tool operator can not avoid a certain reaction time) as soon as the tracking and torque measuring means has detected that the "set torque" has been reached. The "setpoint torque" or "setpoint" is, of course, the pre-established torque for optimum screwing, tightening, etc. of the workpiece, which is imperative 1 / to reach accurately 2 / not to exceed. This term also covers torque tools 10 that do not include electronics, which will be recognized by those skilled in the art. The tools of this type and which are concerned by the present application have as a common point to work in rotation by driving a "driving square" (screwdriver, dynamometric disc, screwdriver, and similar tools) of appropriate shape to its destination . This is well known to those skilled in the art. The skilled person also knows what is known as "similar tools". It will be recalled that the driving square is the part driven manually or by mechanical means such as a motor, and capable of being "triggered" by said actuator, this "square" being adapted and intended, by its geometry (square, six-sided, etc ... for simplicity "square") to cooperate with a "bush" also known, one end (tool side) mechanically cooperates with said square - the sleeve thus being rotated by the "square" - and whose other end (screw-on side etc ...) is of geometry adapted to screw, tighten, unscrew, loosen, etc ... the "part" 3034033 3 (nut, screw, bolt, and the like known) on which the dynamometric tool is applied. For a screwdriver, this "other end" of the socket will be a blade or cross etc ... classic screwdriver. Similarly for a "screwdriver" which is a hand tool, driven by an electric motor, and 5 which the screw socket can be slaved to a dynamometric system as a screwdriver. For simplicity, we can consider a screwdriver as a motorized screwdriver, with a high-power motor and designed to be a portable tool, operating on battery or sector. What applies here to a screwdriver therefore applies mutatis mutandis to a "screwdriver". In the following we will designate all the geometries of the square by "square" or "square drive". Some tools may comprise two squares, that is to say (in particular in a dynamometric disc), a driving square for the male part (by convention in the figures, lower) and a fitting square for the female part ( by convention in figures, higher). The actuator is itself "piloted", in the most recent technical developments, by an "electronic" worn in general by, on or in the handle or "body" of the tool.

However, the invention can be applied, mutatis mutandis, to mechanisms and tools not equipped with electronics, or only partially, although this is less and less the industrial trend. The skilled person will make the adaptations.

3034033 4 This electronics (hereinafter also "card" or which "understands" such a card) receives and evaluates a "signal" coming from a strain gauge or other means (eg: piezoelectric sensor) mounted in general directly on the drive square (or on the socket, in any case on the part 5 which is the most suitable to undergo, and therefore to transmit to the gauge, values of constraints (or torque etc ...) corresponding as exactly as possible to the constraints of tightening, loosening, screwing, unscrewing and other known actions actually applied to the workpiece (nut, screw, bolt, etc ...) and thus to determine precisely when the torque of The setpoint is reached, and the exact value applied: in most applications and tools of the type under consideration, this "gauge" measures the torque applied by the square on the workpiece to be screwed in. This gauge thus detects with the largest Preci It is possible to apply the actual torque applied and in particular the moment when the prescribed torque has been applied (also referred to as the "setpoint torque" - that is to say the value of tightening or screwing torque, etc. to reach but not to exceed) and sends the said signal (from the gauge) to the electronics. Said so-called "trigger" signal is then picked up by said electronic card which supplies the actuator (for example, an electric motor, a cylinder or piston, with compressed gas or the like, possibly with connecting parts or transfer of the movement all of which are known) whose setting in function (in rotation, translation, or helical movement) moves connecting pieces or motion transmission in a suitable kinematics to finally actuate "triggering / reclosing means" whose position, either release the square (disengaging with idle rotation so as not to exceed the setpoint torque) or, after the disengage, allow to reset for the next operation.

3034033 5 Of the two operations, it is the "triggering" that must be performed with the utmost precision (detection of the set torque value) and the greater "instantaneity" of action of the actuator and therefore of the trigger after this detection. Those skilled in the art therefore often employ the term "triggering means" for both operations, since the reclosing operation is certainly necessary and very important, but does not require the same degree of precision or immediacy. It is recalled that the reclosing is an operation which places the triggering means in a so-called "engaged" position where the square is then able to return to the "locked" (or "locked") position, ie a position which allows to treat the next piece. To be very precise, it is the "triggering means" that are in the triggering position (square turning crazy or "free" or "unlocked") or engagement (square again "blocked" or "fixed" in 15 drive position either by manual force applied or by a motor in a motorized screwdriver or in a motorized screwdriver). In practice, the skilled person often employs all these vocabularies indifferently. To schematize, the skilled person therefore understands that the dynamometric tool 20 working in rotation generally comprises: an end where is the workpiece (screw, bolt, etc ...), the operation (here, screwing or unscrewing) being effected by a socket carrying the necessary tool, such as a blade or cross of a screwdriver or (in a key) a clamping head etc ... 3034033 6 said sleeve being rotated, at its other end, by a "driving square", which is itself driven, when in the locking position (or fixed or engaged) by the manual force exerted by the operator on the handle, or by a motor 5 generally electric in the case of a motorized screwdriver or a screwdriver, and a "triggering mechanism" which itself comprises: an actuator 10 comprising means adapted to deliver a force (of any nature, mechanical, mechanical / hydraulic, by pressure effect n gas etc ...) capable of blocking (engagement) directly or as a rule by action on the "connecting and transfer parts" described below, or on the contrary allow (triggering) the setting in free rotation of said square , (said means being able to act in rotation or translation or helical movement or other more complex kinematics) such as a motor, a jack (hydraulic, pneumatic), or other known means, hereinafter "motor", and 20 0 having in general connecting parts and / or transfer movement or force (hereinafter "movement") of said engine, cylinder etc ... to said square, by a suitable kinematics, these parts can be rods, 3034033 7 rods, screws Endless, gears, and the like well known to those skilled in the art a gauge (very generally, one or more strain gauges reflecting the torque exerted in a signal representative of said torque) 5 disposed on the piece of the tool (ca rre or socket) most likely to ensure the most accurate measurement of the torque actually applied to the workpiece electronics receiving the gage signal and able to order the trigger to the actuator (trigger which is generally 10 followed immediately by automatic reclosing by a return means) - a power source supplying the actuator (and in particular its motor, cylinder ...) and the electronics and possibly a return means or some connecting pieces, 15 and "triggering means" activated by the actuator and its connecting and transfer parts, these triggering means comprising: parts moving relative to one another and / or relative to fixed parts such as the body of the tool etc ... (some of which may be one or more connecting pieces or transfer mentioned above, or be adapted to cooperate with these parts) 3034033 8 O locking means I debut locating all or part of said movements, O these locking / unlocking means themselves being movable according to the respective positions of said moving parts, between a locking or fixed position prohibiting the free rotation of the square, and an unlocking position ( "Trigger") in which the square can turn crazy (unlocking or "triggering" of the tool), O reclosing means adapted to return the locking / unlocking means in the locking position. As indicated, it is possible to consider, with much less preference, a total or partial absence of electronics. Of course, the above "motor" of the actuator (or a jack, etc.), which only actuates the triggering means, with the motor of a motorized tool, should not be confused. The foregoing is fully known to those skilled in the art and is given only as a definition of vocabulary and general recall. As can be seen, and as the skilled person knows, it is difficult to make a clear and absolute departure between the actuator and the triggering means.

Indeed, it has been seen that the actuator comprises, for example, a motor activated by the electronics, the movement of which is transmitted by connecting and / or transmission parts (rods, rods, cams, etc.) to means of triggering themselves (which causes for example said "relative movement" of the parts 93 between them) which, in turn (in particular by said relative movements) will position one or more locking means (which in our opinion are part of triggering means, see above) in the position of either blocking or deblocking. It can thus be seen that, in particular, all or part of the connecting and / or transmission parts of the motor movement can be part of the triggering means since they have a direct effect on said "relative movement" of the parts. By cons, the engine is not part of this invention, where it is also interchangeable with a cylinder or the like.

In the following, the skilled person will be able to understand the perimeter of the definition of "unlocking means", the "actuator", "connecting and / or transmission parts", "locking means And other vocabularies which we recall are perfectly well known to all those skilled in the art.

The present invention relates primarily to a "triggering mechanism" (and therefore also to reclosing), in that it relates to said tripping / reclosing means (hereinafter "simplification" means trigger) ") (the gauge (or, in general, any other sensor), the card and the actuator being generally known), as well as the specific parts for connection and transfer of movement - or force - of the "Motor" and locking / unlocking the square 3034033 (except those not specifically part of the mechanism of the invention), the assembly here forming conventionally a "trigger mechanism".

The invention also relates to the triggering method (and therefore, by convention, also to reclosing) employing the above triggering mechanism. Tools (screwdrivers, torque wheels, screw drivers, and the like well known to those skilled in the art) containing such a "trigger mechanism"; Applications of these tools in any industry including the automotive industry, the air transport industry, nuclear, space, and the like, including those requiring a high or very high degree of accuracy of the action performed on the part, tightening, loosening, checking of tightening, screwing, unscrewing, etc., and in particular of its intensity, and of the precision of the cessation of this action. The skilled person knows these industries. Those skilled in the art are aware that said tripping must be as instantaneous as possible, that is to say intervening as soon as possible after the gauge has detected the moment when the set torque was applied. Since the gauge sends a signal to the electronics that analyzes it and which, itself, causes the action of the actuator, which itself triggers the trigger via the "trigger means", it always flows even a tiny time interval between the moment when the set torque is applied, and the moment when the tool triggers. It is imperative that this time interval be as small as possible, that is, close to zero. We will designate here this imperative, for simplicity, which the skilled person will perfectly know the context, by the term "instantaneous". In the case where the instantaneous criterion could not be realized by direct torque measurement, the skilled person will readily understand that a control over the kinetics and / or dynamics of the torque will make it possible to obtain the instantaneous criterion by processing the sensor signal. .

TECHNICAL PROBLEM The technical problem raised was, in a "triggering mechanism for dynamometric tools", to design a "trigger mechanism" including in particular "triggering means", of which possibly part of the actuator is part, such as some connecting parts or parts of movement transfer, using simple technical means, "fail-safe" (that is to say without risk of failure or failure) or almost "fail-safe" (the term "Fail-safe" that is to say "without the risk of failure of the planned action or with a risk of failure reduced to a bare minimum under the force majeure" (event "unpredictable, unavoidable and insurmountable" Is perfectly known to those skilled in the art), thus enabling 3034033 12 safely and with a minimum of maintenance (less risk of wear of parts etc ...), if possible less moving parts, and efforts on the said parts, 5 by seeking to reduce the power consumption, if possible with blocking without energy consumption, and the weight of the system, and, when the target torque (that is to say the optimum tightening torque). pre-established) is achieved, 10 - to unblock said drive square "instantaneously", so-called "triggered" or "triggered tool" positions, while ensuring the safe blocking of the parts of the system in the rest position ( or a safe locking in operation but as long as the target torque is not reached, so-called "engaged" positions).

It is also important to have, using the same triggering means (in order not to increase the number of pieces, the weight, the energy consumption, etc.) of a reclosing means, it is ie to re-lock the tool in the "engaged" or "fixed" position, making it possible to process the part (screw, bolt, etc.) that follows; this resetting means 20 must itself be "fail-safe" (that is to say, to guarantee without fail the execution of the movement and the kinematics in question).

Furthermore, it is still very desirable for the operator, when triggering, to perceive the same sensation ("feeling") with a purely mechanical or electromechanical tool known, if possible improved. This is becoming more and more an important technical problem due to the possible lack of user training, especially at the beginning of the career, which is inevitable: they do not have the "touch" that would be needed with a high degree of sensitivity when triggering, with a delay of "feeling" and a risk of over-tightening that can have serious consequences in sensitive industries.

Finally, it is obvious that the precision of the tightening, and therefore of the action gauge / card (electronic) / reaction time of the actuator, must be at least as good, and if possible better, than in the art. prior. Another technical problem has been to make the trigger system more "compact" and as inexpensive as possible. PRIOR ART There is a patent CN 202 985 461 U (2012 206 25 166.7) which comprises a disk with engagement of balls in housings, but this system is conventional and does not include, among other major differences, through plate. DE 43 07 131 is still known which employs a combination of means involving a coil with rotor and stator, and optical sensors, 3034033 14 and a bridge gauge, but the system is terribly complex, so heavy and fragile, no doubt energy-intensive, and does not include a traversing plate cooperating with traversing balls. Document DE 20 2012 101 464 U1 is known which employs a drive tooth system mounted on two face-to-face discs (310), (330), without any ball or through plate. Finally, document FR14 / 01160 is known (and not yet published) by the Applicant, and which uses a traversing plate cooperating with two other trays, with a vertical movement of locking balls, between three dwellings, at the same time. rotation of one or more elements of the activator / triggering means. The present application is an improvement of the latter, in that one finds the same type of moving elements, including a through element, but adapted to use this time an original movement in translation 15 called "horizontal" of the balls between three dwellings. It is not a simple alternative, but a combination of means and functions mechanically very different from the "vertical" mode, which has also required a significant development time. The objective is to have a "range" of tools in which the end user can choose according to 20 factors of their own, to obtain the best technical and security result, and cost. The interest is to offer users two different cinematics that can make two ranges of tools of two different types, 3034033 15 doubling the possibilities of sizing and adaptability to the needs of each end user. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 5 CONVENTIONS Throughout the present application, the same references designate the same parts in all the appended figures. A horizontal line over hatching is a symbol of mechanics meaning that the part concerned is mounted FIXED, while a straight arrow 10 or respectively curved describes a movement of the part in translation or respectively in rotation. The symbol of the vertical line bordered by hatching on its left also represents, by conventional convention in mechanics, a fixed mounted element. For example, (5) and (6) in Figure 1.

The screwdriver will be considered in a vertical position, the body or handle in "UP" and the drive square in "DOWN". "Horizontal" here designates the direction and the plane perpendicular to the vertical axis of symmetry of the tool. "Upper" refers to what is in the up position or, for example, to a face or surface, which is turned or oriented upward. "Superior" means for example a part position or a face orientation to the "up" and "bottom" side the reverse. 3034033 16 "Inferior" means the inverse of "superior" By convention, unless otherwise stated, the workpiece (not shown) (and therefore the "sleeve" also NOT shown) will be at the bottom of the drawings. 5 "Working in rotation" means that the bushing, driven by said square, exerts an action on the workpiece, causing said workpiece in rotation: screwing, tightening, unscrewing, loosening, etc ... Here we will designate "before Or "AV" the DOWN direction of the tool or workpiece, and conversely "backward" or "AR" in the reverse direction along the longitudinal axis. The direction from the outside of the tool or workpiece to the center of the tool (ie, roughly, to longitudinal axis), (or facing or "rotated towards" said center) and "outside (e)" or "EXT" in the reverse direction. Thus, a face INT will be turned towards the center of the tool, and a movement towards the EXT will be a movement generally towards the outside of the tool (not obligatorily at right angle of the longitudinal axis, it can be also an oblique, helical, etc., direction globally facing a piece or face) purely for illustrative purposes. Thus, a face turned towards the inside of the tool will be called internal face or INT, and vice versa, towards the outside of the tool, outer face or EXT.

3034033 17 Similarly, a face turned to the "bottom" will be called lower or INF, and up, upper or SUP. A vertical piece may, as necessary, have one or both "lateral" (and therefore vertical) faces that may be lateral INT or lateral EXT. It will be recalled that these concepts of axis and INT, EXT, AV, AR do not imply any automatic symmetry or coaxiality: some pieces will be possibly coaxial and / or symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis, others not.

The concepts of AV, AR, INT and EXT, which respectively denote FRONT, REAR, INTERIOR and EXTERIOR, are symbolized when necessary in an understandable and obvious manner in the appended figures. It will be recalled that the "body" of a dynamometric tool is, in a universally known manner, the part or set of parts which contains / contains the mechanisms of the actuator, including the activator and its transmission / locking parts. unlocking or "tripping", as well as generally the energy source if the tool is autonomous; this body often forms the handle by which the technician maneuver the tool.

A number of conventions of language, vocabulary, general design of a dynamometric tool of the type, in particular screwdrivers, which are part of this section "definitions" have been recalled above; it should be understood that the skilled person is able to understand these concepts and terms, and knows the general design of such tools.

The present invention relates, according to its general means diagrammatically shown in appended FIG. 1, to a "triggering mechanism" of a tool operating in rotation, such as a screwdriver or dynamometric disk, or a screwdriver, characterized in that it comprises, from "high" to "down" - an actuator (5) housed in the body (6) of the tool, and fixedly mounted in said body, - this actuator acting in rotation, by a connection mechanical or otherwise (7), and about a longitudinal axis of rotational symmetry XX, on 15 - an upper horizontal plate (2) having - engagement means (210) with said link (7), said horizontal plate (2) being on its entire outer periphery extended downwards by a vertical wing (2V), said wing (2V) comprising at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least three housings (L2) adapted for 3034033 19 receive at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least three locking means (4), said horizontal plate (2) and its components (2V) and (L2) being able to move in rotation, under the action of the actuator and its link (7), about said axis XX, in a volume bounded outwardly by the inner face (620) of said body (6), and inwardly by two vertical wings (6A) and (6B) of said body and forming towards the inside of the tool a U with said inner face (620) through the part (660) forming the "bottom" of the U, the wings (6A) and (6B) and the piece (660) being integral with the body (6), this U current 10 over the entire periphery of a plateau (3) horizontal said "lower", described below, in the volume between the face INT of the wing ( 2V) and the EXT face (3V) of said plate (3) said wings (6A) and (6B) having horizontal through-holes (T) adapted in geometry, placement and dimensions to allow the movement of ho horizontal "horizontal" - ie from the INT (locking position or engagement) to the EXT (trigger position allowing the square (8) to turn crazy) - and vice versa, the EXT towards the INT, a locking means (4), here a freely mounted ball (of geometry and dimensions also adapted to move freely, with a minimum of friction, but nevertheless a very weak "play", this as will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art between the three housings (L2), (T) and (L3) described above and below) a second horizontal tray (3) capable of rotating about the same vertical axis of symmetry XX, the upper face (340) of this plate (3) being parallel to the lower face (240) of the first horizontal plate (2), and this plate (3) being integral with said driving square ( 8) 5 disposed at the bottom of the tool via the part (320) the lateral face EXT (3V) of said second plate (3) comprises ant housing (L3) adapted in geometry, positioning and dimensions to receive at least partially said locking means (4) in cooperation with the housings (L2) formed in the vertical wing (2V) of the plate (2), and the through orifices (T) formed between the flanges (6A) and (6B) of said body (6) (ascending branch of the U), the three housings or orifices (L2), (T) and (L3) being in particular adapted to be suitably opposite each other, substantially in the horizontal median plane of the blocking means (4), to allow the translation of this means (4) of (L3) / (T) (locking) to the 15 position (T) / (L2) (unlocking), said housings (L2), (L3) and through orifices (T) being thus adapted in geometry, positioning and dimension to allow or not the lateral-horizontal displacement of the blocking means ( 4), as a function of the relative angular position of the plate (2) with housings (L2) in the wings (2V) and plate (3) with housings (L3) formed in the lateral face (3V), of the housing (L2 / T) (position of disengagement or release, to partly the housing (L3) and partly the through-orifice (T) (position d engagement or locking), said locking means (4) being thus housed: partly in the housing 25 (L3) of the second plate (3) and partly in the through hole (T), 3034033 21 in the position of blocking or engaging, and being housed on the contrary partly (towards the EXT) in the housing (L2) of the wing (2V) of the plate (2) and partly (towards the INT) in the orifice through (T), in the release or release position, 5 - said housings (L2) being formed by a vertical groove formed in the mass of the vertical inner face of the wing (2V), over a vertical height and a width ( which is therefore an arc), and with a positioning and dimensions adapted to receive the locking means (4) between two rotational positions alpha 1 and alpha 2 of the plate (2), the angular position alpha 1 corresponding to a groove (G) which is NOT facing the blocking means (4), cf. inner wall (200) alpha 1 which does not save throat (G), while the alpha angular position (2), reached under the action of the actuator (5), cf. outer wall (200) alpha 2, dotted line in Figure 1, forms the bottom of the groove (G), which creates the housing (L2), 15 - said translation being obtained as follows: in blocking position, tool is capable of screwing because the square (8) is integral with the plate (3), which is itself secured to the plate (2) in that the locking means (4) is housed partly in the orifice through (T) of the portion (6A) / (6B) of the U of the body (6), part 20 by fixed definition, and partly in the housing (L3) of the plate (3), which corresponds to the fact that, since the set point has not yet been reached, the actuator (5) (including for example its motor) has received no signal from said strain gauge and therefore does not turn the upper plate (2). , whose wing (2V) is obviously adapted via the alpha 1 angular position and the geometry of its face (200) alpha 1 3034033 22 so that its housing (L2) is not next to e the through-orifice (T) / housing (L3) assembly which contains the locking means; whereas, on the other hand, when the set point is reached, the actuator receives said signal from said gauge, and rotates the upper plate (2) and its integral wing (2V) from the alpha position 1 to the alpha position 2 so that the housing (L2) appears because the groove (G) is unmasked by the rotation, and the housing (L2) is opposite the assembly through hole (T) / housing (L3) which contains the blocking means; 10 since the operator of the tool, at this moment, still exerts a pressure "to screw" on said workpiece, by the sleeve and therefore the square (8), this pressure tends to continue to rotate the integral assembly sleeve (not shown), square (8), and block plateau (320/3), this rotating action "chasing" then said blocking means (4) 15 out of the housing (L3), without meeting any resistance neither mechanical nor significant friction because all the housings and orifices (L2), (L3) and (T) are adapted for this purpose as indicated above, towards the assembly (T / L2) (housing EXT (L2) and INT through orifice (T)); said locking means (4) having been completely driven out of the housing (L3), the plate (3), the square (8) and the socket are no longer integral with the body (6) and stop applying any torque screwing or other screwing force on the workpiece; it is the trigger position and the square turns "crazy", which feels the operator who stops his action to screw; the actuator (5) then exerts, by means of the programmed electronics of the card, an inverse rotation from alpha 2 to alpha 1 which expels the blocking means (4) from the housing (L2), and repositions it in the housing (T / L3), so again in the locked position, the same result being obtained differently by a mechanical return means, such as the spring (R) housed in a cavity (LR) formed between the part 5 (320) ) of the plate (3) and the face INT of the part (660) (the spring avoids any expenditure of energy and is therefore preferred). The housing (L3) preferably has a cam shape in the direction of rotation, adapted to facilitate and even cause the escape of the locking means (400) out of the housing (L3) to the EXT.

The operator of the tool simultaneously perceives this release and stops its action "to screw". The reclosing is carried out by the combination of the following two means: the mechanism comprises a return spring (R) for example torsion housed in a cavity (LR) formed in the fixed body at the level INT of the part (660), this spring being secured to the body (6) and slightly compressed in the locked position, it compresses itself once the system is triggered to allow the reminder of the drive square: when the operator stops 20 any action to screw after the triggering , this spring rotation torque rotates the plate (3) in the opposite direction, which brings the housing (L3) opposite the assembly (T) / (L2) where the locking means is located. Said blocking means is then driven in the opposite direction to the housing (L2) / orifice (T), and we find the blocking position. In order to be sure of finding a perfect alignment of the parts in the locking position, a rotational abutment is provided; B and, as indicated above, a reverse rotation effected by the actuator (5) (eg a motor), which returns the flange (2V) to anterior locking position, the housing geometry (L2) being adapted so that, during this reverse movement to the locking position, the locking means (4) (ball, in particular) is driven without unnecessary friction to the position (L3) / (T) blocking.

It will therefore be understood that the reclosing mechanism comprises two elements: on the one hand a return means, in particular a spring (R), which is compressed at release and returns the plate (3) and its housing (L3) to the position of blocking, and secondly an inverse rotation of the plate (2) / wing (2V) / housing (L2) which on the one hand brings the housing (L2) in the locking position and secondly, by this movement flush the locking means (4) out of the housing (L2) to the locking position (L3) / (T), the housing geometry (L2) being adapted to expel said locking means, for example by means of a cam.

It can be envisaged that, instead of said inverse rotation of the plate (2), the electronics controlling the motor are programmed, not for a reverse movement, but for a continuation of the rotation of the plate (2) which brings the housing (L2) in the locking position of the locking means (ball) angularly following that which has just been actuated. This variant can be used for any tool in rotation, and can constitute a control of the rotational speed in a tool of screwdriver type or similar tool 5 Si by way of illustrative example we consider three balls (4a, 4b and 4c) , the plate (2) can therefore oscillate angularly between the locking position and then release and reclosing of the ball (4a) (and therefore of each other ball (4b) and (4c)) 10 - or pass from the blocking position the ball (4a) to the unlocking position of this ball (4a) and then continue its rotation to the locking position of the next ball (4b), a total arc of 120 °, which is repeated for each ball, the housing geometry (L2) being adapted to receive each successive ball.

By "through" beads, are meant here balls (or other objects free to move and can have any suitable shape, provided that this form does not impede the freedom of movement of the object back and forth) which are adapted in geometry, dimensions, constituent material, surface condition, to easily pass from a first locking position (engagement, or so-called "rigid" tool) to a second unlocking position (or tripping), through the through holes (T).

Application of the general means to a screwdriver An embodiment of the general device of FIG. 1 applied to a tool of the screwdriver type (or technically equivalent, screwdriver) is represented first.

The appended FIG. 2 represents in vertical cross section a screwdriver of the invention in the "locking" or "latching" position: the square (8) is locked and rotates when the body (6) rotates, whether by a manual force, or a driving force (screwdriver). The references have the same meanings in all Figures.

It will be seen that the invention relates to a screwdriver type tool which is characterized, from top to bottom, in that it comprises: an actuator (5) (in particular a motor or a jack, or the like) rotation, by the drive rod (7), an upper plate (2) 15 which top plate (2) comprises an upper vertical portion (2a) which surrounds the rod (7), and a wing (2V) which is located between the inner face of the body (6) and a rising vertical wing (6A), (6B) of the body (6) forming, with the piece (660), a U in which the wing (2V) - a U, circulates, as indicated above, formed by the body (6), a vertical wing (6A), (6B), and a lower piece (660), all preferably one-piece, - a lower plate (3) integral with the square (8) via a connecting piece (320), the plate and the part (320) preferably one piece 3034033 27 all of the plate (2), body (6), wings (6A), (6B), (2V ), part (2a), rod (7), plate (3), part (3) 20) adopting a symmetry of revolution about the vertical axis XX of the tool, subject to the housings and holes described below, a locking means (4) movable in horizontal translation, in particular one or more balls and in that: said plate (3) has on its lateral outer face housing (L3) formed in its mass, - said wings (6A) and (6B) forming a monobloc coaxial cylinder except for the purpose of sparing one or more through holes (T) and said flange (2V) forming a monobloc coaxial cylinder except for the purpose of providing in the mass of its inner face a groove (G) vertical said housing (L3), through holes (T) and groove (G) being adapted In geometry, horizontal radial positioning and vertical positioning to be able to be in register with a generally horizontal plane, the groove (G) being adapted to contain and form a housing (L) adapted to receive a portion of said locking means (4) , and this coincides nce being adapted so that said locking means (4) can, according to the stresses it receives from other parts 20, freely move from a position called locking or engagement where said means (4) is housed, of the INT to the EXT of the tool, partly in the housing (L3) and partly in the hole (T) opposite, to a so-called unlocking position or trigger where said means (4) for locking is housed, 3034033 28 the EXT towards the INT of the tool, partly in the housing (L2) and partly in the through hole (T) opposite, all with a minimum of friction and therefore a very low clearance, - the unlocking action being caused by the action of the actuator (5) 5 when the target torque is reached, which is adapted to cause the rotation of the plate (2) and in particular of its wing (2V) by alpha angular position (1) where the groove (G) (containing the housing (L2)) is not in coincidence with the set "blocked" formed by the means of blo cage (4) housed partly in the housing (L3) and partly in the through hole (T), to an alpha angular position (2) where the groove (G), and thus the housing (L2), comes into coincidence with said assembly "blocked", said locking means (4) then being driven out of the housing (L3), by the continuation of the manual or driving action of clamping exerted on the body (6) and therefore the plate (3 ) secured to a position where it is fully housed in, from the EXT to the INT of the tool, the housing (L2) formed / contained in the groove (G) of the wing (2V) and, for the other part, in the opposite through hole (T), the square (8) integral with the plate (3) then turning "crazy", which corresponds to the triggering, with a return means for bringing back, by a inverse rotation of the plate (2), and the plate (3) by a return means, the locking means (4) 20 in the locked position in the housing (L3) and the through hole (T), which resets the tool po for a new tightening or loosening, screwing or unscrewing. Appended Figure 3 is identical to Figure 2 except that it represents the triggered position of the tool.

3034033 29 It can be seen that the plate (2) has moved angularly, under the action of the motor or cylinder of the actuator controlled by the electronics or card and the gauge, of the alpha 1 blocking position (FIG. 2). to an alpha 2 angular position where the vertical groove (G) is facing both the housing (L3) of the plate 5 (3) and the through hole (T) fixed, while the operator (or the motor in motorized tool case as a screwdriver) continues its action in rotation on the body (6), so that, in an "instant" manner, the mechanical strength of the workpiece on the square (8) and therefore the plateau (3), combined with the existence of a free housing (L2) opposite (L3 / T), causes the housing 10 (L3) to push the locking means (4) of said housing (L3) towards the position release (T / L2), the plate (3) / square (8) then uncoupling and turning "crazy". As indicated above, the alpha blocking position 1 of FIG. 2 is returned by the action of the torsion spring (R) torsionally compressed in the housing (LR) between the body (6) and the tray (3), the body (6) being fixed while the plate (3) rotates crazy, so that the spring brings the plate (3) and the housing (L3) to angular position alpha 1 blocking, with a stop angular safety, while substantially simultaneously or simultaneously the motor of the actuator is back the plate (2) / wing (2V) / 20 housing (L2) in position alpha 1 coinciding with (L3 / T), or it does continue its rotation towards the locking position of the locking means (4) which follows angularly. The attached FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the main components of the screwdriver which has just been described, with the actuator 3034033 (5), its connecting means (7), the plate (3) and , in this illustrative example, three balls (4) blocking, the square (8) and the intermediate piece (320), the return spring (R) and its housing (LR), and a ring or clip (680 ) for fixing in height, by clipping, the relative position 5 of the bottom of the body (6) around the periphery of the body (3) and its intermediate piece (320), said ring or clip being adapted, in particular by its opening ( 321), to ensure a fixing height without prohibiting a rotation of the body (6) and the plate (3) / piece (320) / square (8). The attached FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of certain elements of FIG. 4, for a better readability of the drawing, with in particular the grooves (Ga), (Gb) and (Gc) corresponding, in this illustrative example, to the three balls (4a), (4b) and (4c), and the three housings (L3), and the detail of the elastic clipping ring (680) and its opening (321). The spring (R) has two vertical (x1) and (x2) ends, one upwards and one downwards, which are anchored in the housing (LR) so that the spring does not rotate. mad "but is instead fixed with respect to the body (6) and therefore can be compressed in rotation, and then exert its return action. The mechanism preferably has a workpiece (680) which is a positioning and holding elastic clip as shown in Figure 3 for example, known as "cliprings". The attached Figure 6 and Figure 7 are enlarged partial views respectively of Figures 2 and 3. Their interest is to show some details. FIG. 6 shows the ball (4) in the locked or latched position, ie housed in the housing (L3) and the through hole (T) formed between the parts (6A) and (6B) of the U formed by the body (6), while the groove (G) formed in the flange (2V) of the plate (2) (which contains the housing (L2)) is "behind" the plane of the section, the vertical wing (2V) presenting with respect to the ball (4) its nominal thickness without any housing accessible to the ball.

The references have the same meanings as in the other figures, it is useless to recall them. Although it was obvious, the outer limit of the dwelling (L3), whose "surface" in section was marked by a double hatch, was marked by a dotted line. This does not of course mean that the ball is in two parts, and this is the only way to materialize the housing (L3). Note also the vertical lower end (x1) of the spring (R) anchored in the bottom of the housing (LR) to prevent the spring to turn crazy. Figure 7 is the same as Figure 6, except that the plate (2) has rotated angularly so that the groove (G) is facing the (L3) / (T) / Bore ( 4), which offers the ball (4) the possibility of being driven from (L3) towards the unlocking position or trigger ball (4) / (T) / (L2). As in Figure 6, the housing (L2) is shown by a double hatch and a dotted line.

It will be noted that, during rotation, the anchoring end (x1) of the spring is out of the field of FIG. The vertical groove (G) formed in the thickness of the wall INT of the wing (2V) is an ease of manufacture. The housing (L2) could be a simple form 3034033 32 adapted "dug" in said wall, but it is easier to provide a vertical groove whose volume OG comprises the housing (L2). Similarly, there is shown in Figure 6 a "channel" (OR) which also represents an ease of manufacture.

Application of the General Means to a Dynamometric Disk FIGS. 8 to 12 show an application to a dynamometric disk.

As the screwdriver described above in great detail, the disk operates according to the general principle of Figure 1, and its operation is identical, mutatis mutandis, to that just described for the screwdriver. Thus, neither the detailed description of the parts, their operation nor their kinematics will be duplicated here, since the references in FIGS. 8 to 12 have the same meaning as in FIG. 1 (general means) and FIGS. 2-7 (Screwdriver). Only the differences - which affect neither the structure of the trigger mechanism, nor the operation or the kinematics - are simply adaptations of certain parts to the geometry of a disc.

In Figure 8, it is noted that the body (6) is formed of two parts (61) upper and (62) lower, naturally made integral with each other. The lower part (62) forms the same U (see FIG. 11) by the part (660) and the upward vertical flange (6A), (6B), forming between them the through hole (T). The upper part carries a fitting square (8a) having a recess (800) in which is housed a means for driving the body 5 (6) (61 and 62) in rotation, in a known manner. The engine of the activator (5) is arranged horizontally, to be easily housed, other equivalent provisions being naturally accessible to any skilled person, who can also replace said engine with a cylinder, etc ... cf. above, and its connecting means (7) is a toothed wheel (7) driven by the shaft of said motor, which toothed wheel meshes with another ring gear mounted on the upper face of the upper disk (2). The motor can therefore rotate, on the order of the card, when the target torque is reached, the plate (2) of the alpha blocking or locking angular position 1 (FIG. 11) towards the angular position alpha 2 of unlocking 15 or Disengaging (Figure 12). There are no other differences, other than the characteristic geometry of a disc, different from that of a screwdriver, which dictates the geometry of the parts of the mechanism and the body. It has been retained the purely illustrative example comprising three locking means (4), which are in this example balls (4). Figure 9 is an exploded perspective view of such a disc, understandable by the skilled without further comment.

FIG. 10 is an enlargement of a portion of FIG. 9 made at the level of the plates (2) and (3) to better represent the grooves (Ga), (Gb) and (Gc), and the housings (FIG. L3), or the anchoring ends x1 and x2 of the torsional return spring (R) from alpha 2 to alpha 1.

Figure 11 shows the disc in the locked or engaged position, alpha angular position 1. Indeed the ball (4) is housed in the aligned assembly (T / L3) formed by the through hole (T) formed between (6A ) and (6B) rising from the lower body (62) and the housing (L3) formed in the mass of the face INT of the plate (3) secured to the square (8) via the piece (320). The body (3) / square (8) is thus secured to the body (61), (62) (6) and is therefore rotated by the action of the operator or, in the case of a motorized disc, of a motor not shown. Very diagrammatically shown in Figure 11, by dashed lines, a groove (G) which is "behind" the plane of the section.

Figure 12 shows the triggered or unblocked position of the disk. The motor of the actuator (5) has caused the plate (2) and its downward lateral flange (2V) to execute an angular rotation bringing the aforementioned groove (G) in angular coincidence with the assembly (T) / (L3). ball (4) and, instantaneously, the rotation (or, more exactly, the pressure exerted in the angular direction alpha 1> alpha 2 on the ball by the fact that the operator or the external motor tries to continue the rotation of the square) chased away instantly (we can consider this effect as an "instantaneous impulse") the ball towards the housing (L2) (which is part of the groove G) according to the law of least 3034033 resistance. The ball thus passes from the housing (L3 / T) to the housing (T / L2) and the plate (3) is no longer secured to the rotating part. The square (8) will turn crazy. The reclosing will be done as for the screwdriver by the action of the return spring (R) on the plate (3), and by a reverse rotation action (or a continuation of the rotation, see section "Screwdriver") of the plateau (2) and its wing (2V). The present invention also relates to a method of triggering a dynamometric tool operating in rotation, such as a screwdriver or a dynamometric disc, or a screwdriver, characterized in that it comprises the implementation of a "trigger mechanism", 15 - said mechanism being characterized in that it comprises, from "up" to "down" - an actuator (5) housed in the body (6) of the tool , and fixedly mounted in said body, said actuator acting in rotation, by a mechanical or other connection (7), and about a longitudinal axis of rotation symmetry XX, on an upper horizontal plate (2) having a 3034033 36 a engagement means (210) with said link (7), said horizontal plate (2) being over all its outer periphery extended downwardly by a vertical wing (2V), said wing (2V) comprising at least one, preferably at least 5 two, of at least three housings (L2) adapted to receive at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least three locking means (4), said horizontal plate (2) and its components (2V) and (L2) being able to move in rotation, under the action of the actuator and its connection (7), about said axis XX, in a volume delimited outwards by the inner face (620) of said body (6), and inwardly by two vertical wings (6A) and (6B) of said body and forming a U-shaped inward portion with said inner face (620) through the workpiece (660) forming the "bottom" U, the wings (6A) and (6B) and the piece (660) being integral with the body (6), this current U 15 over the entire periphery of a plateau (3) horizontal said "lower", described ci below, in the volume formed between the face INT of the wing (2V) and the face EXT (3V) of said plate (3) said wings (6A) and (6B) having horizontal through orifices (T) adapted in geometry, placement and dimensions to allow horizontal "horizontal side" horizontal movement - i.e. from the INT (locked or latched position) to the EXT (trigger position allowing the square (8) to turn crazy) - and vice versa, from the EXT to the INT, a locking means (4), here a ball freely mounted (geometry and dimensions also adapted to move freely, with a friction, but nevertheless a very low "clearance", which will be readily understood by those skilled in the art, between the three housings (L2), (T) and (L3) described above and below). second horizontal plate (3) capable of moving in rotation about the same vertical axis of symmetry XX, the upper face (340) of this plate (3) being parallel to the lower face (240) of the first horizontal plate (2) , and this plate (3) being secured to said drive square (8) disposed at the bottom of the tool through of the portion (320) the lateral face EXT (3V) of said second plate (3) having 10 housings (L3) adapted in geometry, positioning and dimensions for receiving at least partially said locking means (4), in cooperation with the housings (L2) formed in the vertical wing (2V) of the plate (2), and the through orifices (T) formed between the wings (6A) and (6B) of said body (6) (upward branch of the U) , the three housings or orifices (L2), (T) and (L3) being in particular adapted to be properly facing each other, substantially in the horizontal median plane of the locking means 4, to allow the translation of this means (4) of (L3) / (T) (locking) to the position (T) / (L2) (unlocking), said housings (L2), (L3) and through orifices (T) being thus adapted 20 geometry, positioning and dimension to allow or not the lateral-horizontal displacement of the locking means (4), depending on the angular position relative area of the plate (2) with housings (L2) in the wings (2V) and plate (3) with housings (L3) formed in the lateral face (3V), of the housing (L2) / (T) (disengaging position or unblocking, towards the part L3 housing and partly the through hole (T) (latching or locking position), - said housings (L2) being formed in particular by a vertical groove formed in the mass of the vertical inner face of the wing (2V), on a vertical height and a width (which is therefore a circular arc), and with a positioning and dimensions adapted to receive the locking means (4) between two positions of rotation alpha 1 and alpha 2 of the plate (2), the angular position alpha 1 corresponding to a groove (G) which is NOT facing the blocking means (4), cf. inner wall (200) alphal which does not save groove (G), while the alpha angular position 2, reached under the action of the actuator (5), cf. outer wall (200) alpha 2, dotted line in Figure 1, forms the bottom of the groove (G), which creates the housing (L2), - the housing (L3) preferably having a cam shape in the direction of rotation, adapted to facilitate and even cause the escape of the blocking means (400) from the housing (L3) towards the EXT. and B in that it comprises the implementation of the following operations: said locking means (4) are housed: partly in the housings 20 (L3) of the second plate (3) and partly in the orifice through (T) (which is integral with the body (6)), in the locking or latching position, and are instead partly (to the EXT) in the housing (L2) of the wing (2V) 3034033 39 of the plate (2) and partly (towards the INT) in the through-orifice (T), in the release or release position, the actuator (motor (5) or jack, etc.) exerts on the upper platen (2) an action for rotating the angular position alpha 1 blocking 5 to the alpha release position 2, the angular deviation being adapted so that the housing (L2) of each locking means (such as a ball ) (4) (which housing can be in said groove (G)) comes into angular coincidence with the locking assembly (L3) / means (4) (ball (4)) / (T), said locking means(ball) (4) being then driven "instantly" (by an "instantaneous pulse" generated by the tendency of the operator or an external motor to continue the rotation of the body (6)) of its locking housing ( L3 / T) towards its unlocking housing (T / L2), by a horizontal translation towards the EXT, which frees the plate (3) / square (8) from its blocking stress and allows the square to "turn crazy Said horizontal translation of the blocking means (4) being obtained as follows: in the blocking position, the tool is capable of screwing or clamping, etc. because the square (8) is integral with the plate ( 3), which is itself secured to the plate (2) by the fact that the locking means (4) is housed partly in the through hole (T) of the portion (6A) / (6B) of the U of the body (6), part by fixed definition, and partly in the housing (L3) of the plate (3), which corresponds to the fact that, the set point is not supposed to e has not yet been reached, the actuator (5) (including for example its motor) has received no signal from said strain gauge 25 and therefore does not rotate the upper plate (2), whose wing (2V) is 3034033 obviously adapted via the alpha 1 angular position and the geometry of its face (200) alpha 1 so that its housing (L2) is not facing the assembly through hole (T) / housing (L3) which contains the blocking means; 5 whereas, on the other hand, when the set point is reached, the actuator receives said signal from said gauge, and pivots the upper plate (2) and its integral wing (2V) from the alpha position 1 to the alpha position 2 so that the housing (L2) appears because the groove (G) is unmasked by the rotation, and the housing (L2) is opposite the through-orifice (T) / housing (L3) which contains the blocking means; since the operator of the tool, at this moment, still exerts a pressure "to screw" on said workpiece, by the sleeve and therefore the square (8), this pressure causes an "instantaneous pulse" in 15 rotation which tends to continue to rotate the integral assembly bushing (not shown), square (8), and plateau block (320) / (3), this action of rotation or pulse "chasing" then said blocking means (4) ) out of the housing (L3), without encountering any resistance nor mechanical nor significant friction because all the housings and orifices (L2), (L3) and (T) are adapted for this purpose as indicated above, to all (T / L2) (EXT slot (L2) and INT through hole (T)); said locking means (4) having been completely driven out of the housing (L3), the plate (3), the square (8) and the socket are no longer integral with the body (6) and stop applying any torque screwing or other screwing force on the workpiece; it is the triggering position and the square rotates 3034033 41 "crazy", which feels the operator who stops his action to screw, tighten, loosen, unscrew etc ... and the operator of the tool perceives simultaneously that triggering and stops its action "to screw".

Said method comprises a subsequent reclosing step in which the reclosing is performed by the combination of the following two means: A mechanism comprises a return spring (R) for example torsion housed in a cavity (LR) formed in the fixed body at the INT level of the portion (660), this spring being secured to the body (6) and slightly compressed in the locked position, it therefore compresses once the system is triggered to allow the return of the drive square: when the the operator stops any action to be screwed after the release, this spring rotation torque rotates the plate (3) in the opposite direction, which brings the housing (L3) towards the assembly (T) / (L2) where is the blocking means. Said blocking means is then driven in the opposite direction to the housing (L2) / orifice (T), and we find the blocking position. In order to be certain of finding a perfect alignment of the parts in the locking position, a rotational stop is provided, 20 B and a reverse rotation performed by the actuator (5) (for example a motor), which gives the wing (2V) in anterior locking position, the geometry of the housing (L2) being adapted so that, during this reverse movement to the locking position, the locking means (4) (ball, in particular) is driven without unnecessary friction towards the blocking position (L3) / (T). According to one variant, the reclosing is obtained by the return of the plate (3) by a return means, such as a spring compressed in torsion (R), anchored at its two ends (x1) and (x2) (in the body (3) by (x2) upwards and downwards by (x2) anchored in the body (6), (62)) as indicated above, while the motor of the actuator (5) continues the rotation of the plate (2): it can then be envisaged that, instead of said inverse rotation of the plate (2), the electronics controlling the motor is programmed, not for a reverse movement, but for a continuation of the rotation of the plate (2) which brings the housing (L2) in the locking position of the blocking means (ball) angularly following that which has just been actuated. This variant can be used for any tool in rotation, and can constitute a control of the rotational speed in a screwdriver type tool or similar tool.

If, by way of illustrative example, three balls (4a), (4b) and (4c) are considered, the plate (2) can therefore oscillate angularly between the blocking position and then unblocking then re-engagement of the ball (4a). ) (and thus of each other ball (4b) and (4c)) to pass from the position of locking of the ball (4a) towards the unlocking position of this ball (4a) and then continue its rotation towards the locking position the next ball (4b), a total arc of 120 °, which is repeated for each ball, the geometry of the housing (L2) being adapted to receive each successive ball. We have seen that the latter option has an advantage and a use to control the rotational speed of screwdrivers, drills, etc ... Dynamometer tools The present invention also covers all dynamometric tools, motorized or not, working in rotation , such as screwdrivers, screwdrivers, dynamometric discs and the like known to those skilled in the art, characterized in that: - it comprises a triggering mechanism as described above it comprises a triggering mechanism as described above and implement the method described above. In particular, the present invention applies to a torque wrench as shown in Figure 13 attached. The basic module is that shown in FIG. 3, the rod (7) of the motor (5) and the motor (5) having been deported in the handle or body (6) of a key, integral with the body ( 6) of said module of FIG. 3, this offset being carried out by a pinion assembly (P) connected on the one hand to said horizontal rod (7) (and integral with said rod (7)) and, on the other hand, connected to, and integral with a vertical rod (67) 20 integral with the plate (2), (2a), as in FIG. 3. The person skilled in the art easily understands that the tightening rotation or (horizontally according to the conventions adopted, in Figure 13) exerted by the 3034033 44 body (6) of the key is converted by the pinion assembly (P) into a rotation of the rod (67) along its vertical axis (according to the same conventions), which rod ( 67) then plays exactly the same role as the rod (7) of the engine in Figure 3.

Naturally, other technically equivalent means may replace the pinion assembly (P), such as a set of kinematically adapted links for effecting the same transformation of the clamping movement in vertical rotation of the rod (67). As in the other Figures, neither the strain gauges, nor the associated trigger electronics (by activation of the motor (5) when the optimum tightening torque is reached), nor the battery power supply of the electronics and the engine (or cylinder) (or the like) have been shown, this being very familiar to the skilled person in the field of dynamometry.

Applications and Uses of the Invention The present invention further covers: the Applications and Uses of the Trigger Mechanism described above, and the applications and uses of the Triggering Method and the Triggering and Reclosing Method described above, as well as the applications and uses of the tools comprising said mechanism or comprising said mechanism and implementing the above process (s), in any type of industry, in particular the automobile industry, the air transport industry, the nuclear industry, and the like. space, and the like, especially those requiring a high or very high degree of precision of the action performed on the workpiece, clamping, loosening, tightening control, screwing, unscrewing, and method of controlling the speed of rotation of a screwdriver shaft, drill, etc ..., and especially its intensity, and the precision of the cessation of this action.

Claims (23)

REVENDICATIONS1. "Trigger mechanism" of a tool operating in rotation, such as a screwdriver or a dynamometric disc, or a screwdriver, characterized in that it comprises, from "up" to "down" an actuator (5) housed in the body (6) of the tool, and fixedly mounted in said body, this actuator acting in rotation, by a mechanical or other connection (7), and about a longitudinal axis of rotation symmetry XX, on - an upper horizontal plate (2) comprising a means of engagement (210) with said link (7), said horizontal plate (2) being over all its outer periphery extended downwardly by a vertical wing (2V), said wing (2V) having at at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least three housings (L2) adapted to receive at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least three locking means (4), said horizontal plate (2) and its components (2V) and (L2) being able to move in rotation, so the action of the actuator and its connection (7), about said axis XX, in a volume bounded outwards by the inner face (620) of said body (6), and inwardly by two wings (6A) and 3034033 47 (6B) vertical of said body and forming towards the inside of the tool a U with said inner face (620) through the part (660) forming the "bottom" of the U, the wings (6A) and (6B) and the piece (660) being integral with the body (6), this U running over the entire periphery of a horizontal plate (3) called "lower", described below, in the volume formed between the face INT of the wing (2V) and the EXT face (3V) of said plate (3) - said wings (6A) and (6B) having horizontal through holes (T) adapted in geometry, placement and dimensions to allow "horizontal lateral" horizontal movement - that is, from the INT (locking or latching position) to the EXT (trigger position allowing the square (8) of turn crazy) - and vice versa, from the EXT to the INT, a locking means (4), here a free mounted ball (of geometry and dimensions also adapted to move freely, with a minimum of friction, but nevertheless a very weak "play", which will be readily understood by those skilled in the art, between the three housings (L2), (T) and (L3) described above and below) - a second horizontal plate ( 3) capable of moving in rotation about the same vertical axis of symmetry XX, the upper face (340) of this plate (3) being parallel to the lower face (240) of the first horizontal plate (2), and this plate (3) being secured to said drive square (8) disposed at the bottom of the tool via the portion (320) - the lateral face EXT (3V) of said second plate (3) having housings (L3) adapted in geometry, positioning and dimensions to receive at least partially said locking means (4), in cooperation with the 25 logem ents (L2) formed in the vertical wing (2V) of the plate (2), and the orifices 3034033 48 therethrough (T) formed between the flanges (6A) and (6B) of said body (6) (ascending branch of the U) , the three housings or orifices (L2), (T) and (L3) being especially adapted to be properly facing each other, substantially in the horizontal median plane of the locking means (4), to allow the translation of this means (4) from (L3 / T) (locking) to the position (T / L2) (unlocking), said housings (L2), (L3) and through orifices (T) being thus adapted in geometry, positioning and dimension to allow or not the lateral-horizontal displacement of the locking means (4), as a function of the relative angular position of the plate (2) with housings (L2) in the wings (2V) and plate (3) with housings L3 formed in the lateral face (3V), of the housing (L2 / T) (position of disengagement or unblocking, towards partly the housing (L3) and p part of the through hole (T) (latching position or blocking)), 15 - said locking means (4) being housed: partly in the housing (L3) of the second plate (3) and partly in the through hole (T), in the locking or latching position, and being partially housed (towards the EXT) in the housing (L2) of the wing (2V) of the plate (2) and partly (towards the INT) in the through-orifice (T), in the release or unblocking position, said housings (L2) being formed by a vertical groove formed in the mass of the vertical inner face of the wing (2V ), over a vertical height and a width (which is therefore an arc), and with a positioning and dimensions adapted to receive the locking means (4) between two alpha 1 and alpha 2 rotation positions of the plate (2 ), the alpha 1 angular position corresponding to a groove (G) which is NOT facing the blocking means (4), cf. inner wall (200) alpha 1 which does not save throat (G), while the alpha angular position 2, reached under the action of the actuator (5), cf. outer wall (200) alpha 2, forms the bottom of the groove 5 (G), which creates the housing (L2), said translation being obtained as follows: in the locking position, the tool is able to screw because the square (8) is secured to the plate (3), which is itself secured to the plate (2) in that the locking means (4) is housed partly in the through hole (T) of the part ( 6A) / (6B) of the U of the body (6), part by fixed definition, and partly in the housing (L3) of the plate (3), which corresponds to the fact that, the setpoint threshold not being assumed not yet achieved, the actuator (5) (including for example its engine) has received no signal from said strain gauge and therefore does not rotate the upper plate (2), whose wing (2V) is obviously adapted via the alpha 1 angular position and the geometry of its face (200) alpha 1 so that its housing (L2) is not opposite the assembly through hole (T) / housing (L3) which contains the blocking means; whereas, on the other hand, when the set point is reached, the actuator receives said signal from said gauge, and rotates the upper plate (2) and its integral wing (2V) from the alpha position 1 to the alpha position 2 so that the housing (L2) appears because the groove G is unmasked by the rotation, and the housing (L2) is opposite the assembly through hole (T) / housing (L3) which contains the 25 blocking means; 3034033 50 since the operator of the tool, at this moment, still exerts a pressure "to screw" on said workpiece, by the sleeve and therefore the square (8), this pressure tends to continue to rotate the integral assembly sleeve (not shown), square (8), and plateau block (320/3), 5 this rotation action "chasing" then said locking means (4) out of the housing (L3), without meeting any resistance neither mechanical nor significant friction because all the housings and orifices (L2), (L3) and (T) are adapted for this purpose as indicated above, to the assembly (T) / (L2) (housing EXT (L2) ) and INT through hole (T); said locking means (4) having been completely driven out of the housing (L3), the plate (3), the square (8) and the socket are no longer integral with the body (6) and stop applying any torque screwing or other screwing force on the workpiece; it is the trigger position and the square turns "crazy", which feels the operator who stops his action to screw; The actuator (5) then exerts, by means of the programmed electronics of the card, an inverse rotation from alpha 2 to alpha 1 which expels the locking means (4) from the housing (L2), and repositions it in the housing (T / L3), thus again in the locked position, the same result being obtained differently by a mechanical return means, such as the spring (R) housed in a cavity (LR) formed between the piece (320) of the plate (3) and the face INT of the piece (660) (the spring avoids any expenditure of energy and is therefore preferred). 3034033 51 2. Mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing (L3) has a cam shape in the direction of rotation, adapted to facilitate and even cause the escape of the locking means (400) out of the housing (L3). , to the EXT. 5 3. Mechanism according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that said reclosing is performed by the combination of the two following means: A said mechanism comprises a return spring (R) for example 10 torsion housed in a cavity (LR) formed in the fixed body at the level INT of the part (660), this spring being secured to the body (6) and slightly compressed in the locked position, it compresses itself once the system is triggered to allow the recall of the drive square: when the operator stops any action to be screwed after the trip, this spring rotation torque rotates the plate (3) in the opposite direction, which brings the housing (L3) opposite the assembly (T / L2) where is the locking means, said locking means is then driven in the opposite direction to the housing (L2) / orifice (T), and found the locking position; in order to be certain of finding a perfect alignment of the parts in the locking position, a rotational stop is provided. 3034033 52 B and, as indicated above, a reverse rotation performed by the actuator (5), which puts the wing (2V) in anterior locking position, the geometry of the housing (L2) being adapted so that, when this reverse movement to the locking position, the locking means (4) is driven without unnecessary friction to the position (L3 / T) blocking. 4. Mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said biasing means, in particular a spring (R), is compressed at the trigger and returns the plate (3) and its housing (L3) in the position of blocking. 10 5. Mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that instead of said inverse rotation of the plate (2), the electronics driving the motor is programmed, not for a reverse movement, but for a continuation the rotation of the plate (2) which brings the housing (L2) in the locking position of the blocking means (ball) angularly following that which has just been actuated. 6. Torque screwdriver type tool comprising a release mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized from top to bottom, in that it comprises: an actuator (5) (including a motor or a jack) 20 - which drives in rotation, by the drive rod (7), an upper plate (2) which upper plate (2) comprises an upper vertical portion (2a) which surrounds the rod (7), and a wing (2V ) which lies between the inner face 3034033 53 of the body (6) and a rising vertical wing (6A), (6B) of the body (6) forming, with the part (660), a U in which the wing ( 2V) - a U, as indicated above, formed by the body (6), a vertical wing (6A), (6B), and a lower piece (660), all preferably one-piece, a lower plate ( 3) secured to the square (8) via a connecting piece (320), the plate and the piece (320) preferably monobloc - all of the plate (2), body (6), wings (6A), (6B ), (2V ), piece (2a), rod (7), plate (3), piece (320) adopting a symmetry of revolution about the vertical axis XX of the tool, subject to the housing and holes described below, - Locking means (4) movable in horizontal translation, in particular one or more balls and in that: said plate (3) has on its lateral outer face housing (L3) formed in its mass, said wings (6A). and (6B) forming a monobloc coaxial cylinder except for the purpose of providing one or more through holes (T) and - said flange (2V) forming a monoblock coaxial cylinder except for the purpose of providing a groove (G) in the mass of its inner face; ) vertical 20 said housing (L3), through-holes (T) and groove (G) being adapted in geometry, horizontal radial positioning and vertical positioning to be able to be in accordance with a generally horizontal plane, the groove 3034033 54 (G) being adapted to contain and form a housing (L) adapted to rec to have part of said blocking means (4), and this coincidence being adapted so that said blocking means (4) can, according to the stresses which it receives from the other parts, move freely of a so-called locking or engagement position Wherein said means (4) is housed, from the INT to the EXT of the tool, partly in the housing (L3) and partly in the hole (T) opposite, to a so-called unlocking position or triggering said locking means (4) is housed, from the EXT to the INT of the tool, partly in the housing (L2) and partly in the through-hole (T) opposite, all with a minimum friction and therefore a very small clearance, the unlocking action being caused by the action of the actuator (5) when the target torque is reached, which is adapted to cause the rotation of the plate (2) and in particular of its wing (2V) of an alpha angular position 1 where the groove (G) (containing the housing (L2)) is not in coincidence with the 'blocked' assembly formed by the locking means 4 housed partly in the housing (L3) and partly in the through hole (T), to an alpha 2 angular position where the groove (G), and thus the housing ( L2), coincides with said assembly "locked", said locking means (4) being then driven out of the housing (L3), by the continuation of the manual or driving force action exerted on the body (6) and therefore the plate (3) secured to a position where it is completely housed in, from the EXT to the INT of the tool, the housing (L2) formed / contained in the groove (G) of the wing (2V) and, for the other part, in the through hole (T) facing, the square (8) integral with the plate (3) then turning "crazy", which corresponds to the trigger, 3034033 55 with a means of recall to bring, by a reverse rotation of the plate (2), and the plate (3) by a return means, the locking means (4) in the locking position in the housing (L3) and the through hole (T), which resets the tool for a new tightening or loosening, screwing or unscrewing. 7. Tool according to claim 6 characterized in that it is in the tripped position, and in that the plate (2) has moved angularly, under the action of the motor or cylinder of the actuator controlled by the electronics or card and the gauge, from the alpha 1 locking position to an angular position 10 alpha 2 where the vertical groove (G) is opposite both the housing (L3) of the plate (3) and the through hole ( T), whereas the operator (or the motor in the case of a power tool such as a screwdriver) continues its action in rotation on the body (6), so that, "instantaneously", the mechanical resistance of the workpiece on the square (8) and thus the plate (3), combined with the existence of a free housing (L2) opposite (L3 / T), causes the housing (L3) to drive the locking means (4) of said housing (L3) to the unlocking position (T / L2), the plate (3) / square (8) then uncoupling and turning "crazy". 8. Tool according to claim 7 characterized in that one returns to the position alpha 1 blocking by the action of torsion spring (R) compressed in torsion in the housing (LR) formed between the body (6) and the plate (3), the body (6) being fixed while the plate (3) rotates crazy, so that the spring brings the plate (3) and the housing (L3) to angular position alpha 1 blocking, with a angular safety stop, while substantially simultaneously or simultaneously the motor of the actuator is brought back the plateau (2) / wing (2V) / housing (L2) in position alpha 1 coinciding with (L3 / T), or it continues to rotate to the blocking position of the blocking means (4) which follows angularly. 5 9. Mechanism or Tool according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the spring (R) has two ends (x1) and (x2) vertical, one upwards and the other downwards. , which are anchored in the housing (LR) so that the spring does not turn "crazy" but is instead fixed with respect to the body (6) and therefore can be compressed in rotation, then exert its return action and in what said mechanism or tool comprises a part (680) which is an elastic clip or "cliprings" positioning. 10. Mechanism or tool according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the ball (4) is in the locking position or engagement, that is to say housed in the housing (L3) and the through hole (T) formed between the parts (6A) and (6B) of the U formed by the body (6), whereas the groove (G) formed in the wing (2V) of the plate (2) (which contains the housing (L2)) is "behind" the plane of the section, the vertical flange (2V) presenting with respect to the ball (4) its nominal thickness without any housing accessible to the ball. 11. Mechanism or tool according to claim 10, characterized in that the plate (2) has rotated angularly so that the groove (G) is in line with the alignment (L3) / (T) / Bille (4), which offers the ball (4) the possibility to be driven from (L3) to the unlocking position or trip ball (4) / (T) / (L2). 12. Mechanism or tool according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the housing (L2) is a vertical groove (G) formed in the thickness of the wall INT of the wing (2V) or is a simple adapted form "dug" in said wall. Dynamometer disk type tool, characterized in that it comprises a mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and the components of the tool or mechanism according to any one of claims 6 to 12, characterized in that: - the body (6) is formed of two parts (61) upper and (62) lower, naturally made integral with each other, and the lower part (62) forms the same U by the part (660) and vertical upward wing (6A), (6B), forming between them the through hole (T), the upper part carries a fitting square 8a having a recess (800) in which is housed a drive means of the body (6) (61 and 62) in rotation, the motor (or cylinder) of the activator (5) is arranged horizontally, a cylinder, cf. above, and its connecting means (7) is a toothed wheel (7) driven by the shaft of said motor or jack, which toothed wheel meshes with another ring gear mounted on the upper face of the upper disk (2), the motor can therefore rotate, on the order of the card, when the target torque is reached, the plate (2) of the alpha 1 locking position 3034033 58 or engagement to the alpha position alpha 2 deblocking or disengagement. and in that the various geometries are adapted to a disk. 5 14. Tool according to claim 13, characterized in that the disc is in the locking or engagement position, angular position alpha 1, with the ball 4 housed in the assembly (T / L3) aligned formed by the through hole (T) arranged between (6A) and (6B) rising from the lower body (62) and through the housing (L3) formed in the mass of the face INT of the plate (3) integral with the square (8) via the workpiece (320), the body (3) / square (8) thus being secured to the body (61), (62) (6) and thus rotated by the action of the operator or, in the case of a motorized disc , of an engine. 15. Tool according to claim 13, characterized in that it is in position 15 triggered or unblocking of the disc, the motor of the actuator (5) has executed the plate (2) and its downward side wing (2V) an angular rotation bringing the aforementioned groove (G) into angular coincidence with the assembly (T) / (L3) / ball (4) and, instantaneously, the rotation (or, more exactly, the pressure exerted in the alpha angular direction 1 > alpha 2 on 20 the ball by the fact that the operator or the external motor tries to continue the rotation of the square) has hunted instantly (we can consider this effect as an "instantaneous pulse") the ball towards the housing (L2) (which is part of the groove (G)) according to the law of the least resistance, the ball passing 3034033 59 therefore housing (L3 / T) housing (T / L2) and the plate (3) is no longer integral with the rotating part, the square (8) turning crazy. 16. Tool according to claim 15, characterized in that the reclosing will be by the action of the return spring (R) on the plate (3), and by a reverse rotation action (or a continuation of rotation according to the preceding claims), the plate (2) and its wing (2V). 17. Mechanism or Tool according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the dynamometric tool working in rotation is characterized in that it comprises globally: an end where is the workpiece, the operation (here, screwing or unscrewing) being performed by a sleeve carrying the necessary tool, such as a blade or cross screwdriver or (in a key) 15 a clamping head said sleeve being rotated by its other end, by a "drive square", which is itself driven, when in the locking position (or fixed or engaged) by the manual force exerted by the operator on the handle, or by a motor 20 generally electric in the case of a motorized screwdriver or screwdriver, 3034033 60 - a "trigger mechanism" which itself comprises: - an actuator 0 comprising means adapted to deliver a force (of any kind, mechanical, m echanic / hydraulic, by effect 5 gas pressure etc ...) capable of blocking (engagement) directly or as a rule by action on the "connecting and transfer parts" described below, or on the contrary allow (trigger) the free rotation of said square, (said means being able to act in rotation or translation or helical movement or other more complex kinematics) such as a motor, a cylinder (hydraulic, pneumatic), hereinafter "motor", and 0 comprising in general rule of the connecting pieces and I or transfer of movement or force (hereinafter "movement") of said engine, jack, etc ... to said square, by a suitable kinematics, these parts being rods, rods, worm gear, gears ... - a gauge (very generally, one or more strain gauges translating the torque exerted into a signal representative of said pair) 20 arranged on the piece of the tool (square or socket) the most at even to ensure the most accurate measurement of the torque actually applied to the part to be treated - an electronic receiving the gauge signal and able to order the actuator to trip (trigger which is usually 3034033 61 followed immediately by a reclosing automatic by a return means) - a power source supplying the actuator (and in particular its motor, jack ...) and the electronics and possibly a return means or some connecting parts, and "means of triggering "activated by the actuator and by its connecting and transfer parts, these triggering means comprising: parts moving relative to each other and / or relative to fixed parts such as the body of the tool etc. .. (some of which may be one or more connecting pieces or transfer mentioned above, or be adapted to cooperate with these parts) O means of blocking I unlocking all or part of ddi ts 15 movements, O these locking / unlocking means themselves being movable according to the respective positions of said moving parts, between a locking position or fixed prohibiting the free rotation of the square, and an unlocking position 20 ("trigger") ) in which the square can turn crazy (unlocking or "triggering" of the tool), o reclosing means adapted to return the locking / unlocking means in the locking position. 3034033 62 18. A method of triggering a torque tool of the type of claim 17 and comprising a mechanism, or consisting of a tool, according to any one of claims 1 to 16, operating in rotation, such as a screwdriver or a dynamometric disc , or a screwdriver, characterized in that: A comprises the implementation of a "trigger mechanism" according to any one of claims 1 to 5, said mechanism being characterized in that it comprises, 10 "down" an actuator (5) housed in the body (6) of the tool, and fixedly mounted in said body, this actuator acting in rotation, by a mechanical connection or the like (7), and around a longitudinal axis of rotational symmetry XX, on 15 - an upper horizontal plate (2) having an engagement means (210) with said link (7), said horizontal plate (2) being over its entire outer periphery extended towards the bottom by a vertical wing (2V), said wing (2V ) comprising at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least three housings (L2) adapted to receive at least one, preferably at least two, preferably at least three locking means (4), 3034033 63 said horizontal plate (2) and its components (2V) and (L2) being able to move in rotation, under the action of the actuator and its connection (7), about said axis XX, in a volume defined towards the outside by the inner face (620) of said body (6), and inwardly by two vertical wings (6A) and 5 (6B) of said body and forming towards the inside of the tool a U with said inner face (620) through the part (660) forming the "bottom" of the U, the wings (6A) and (6B) and the piece (660) being integral with the body (6), this U running over the entire periphery a plateau (3) horizontal said "lower", described below, in the volume between the face INT of the wing (2V) and the face EXT 10 (3V) of said plate (3) said wings (6A) and (6B) having horizontal through-holes (T) adapted in geometry, placement and dimensions to allow horizontal "horizontal lateral" movement - that is to say, of the INT (locking position or engagement) to the EXT (trip position 15 allowing the square (8) to turn crazy) - and vice versa, from the EXT to the INT, a locking means (4), here a ball mounted free ( of geometry and dimensions also adapted to move freely, with a minimum of friction, but nevertheless a very weak "game", which will readily be understood by those skilled in the art, between the three housings (L2), (T) and ( L3) described above and below) a second horizontal plate (3) able to move in rotation about the same axis of vertical symmetry XX, the upper face (340) of this plate (3) being parallel to the lower face (240) of the first horizontal plate (2), and this plate (3) being integral with said stopping drive (8) 25 disposed at the bottom of the tool through the portion (320) 3034033 64 the side face EXT (3V) of said second plate (3) having recesses (L3) adapted in geometry, positioning and dimensions for receiving at least partially said locking means (4), in cooperation with the housings (L2) formed in the vertical flange (2V) of the plate (2), and the 5 through-holes (T) formed between the flanges (6A) and (6B) of said body (6) (ascending branch of the U), the three housings or orifices (L2), (T) and (L3) being especially adapted to be properly facing each other and other, substantially in the horizontal median plane of the locking means (4), to allow the translation of this means (4) of (L3) / (T) 10 (locking) to the position (T / L2) (unlocking), said housings (L2), (L3) and through orifices (T) are thus adapted in geometry, positioning and dimension to allow or not the lat horizontal-locking means (4), as a function of the relative angular position of the plate 2 with housings (L2) in the wings (2V) 15 and plate (3) with housings L3 formed in the side face (3V), of the housing (L2) / (T) (position of disengagement or unblocking, towards part of the housing (L3) and partly of the through orifice (T) (engagement or locking position), said housings (L2) being in particular formed by a vertical groove 20 formed in the mass of the vertical inner face of the wing (2V), on a vertical height and a width (which is therefore a circular arc), and with a positioning and dimensions adapted to receive the blocking means (4) between two alpha 1 and alpha 2 rotation positions of the plate (2), the angular position alpha 1 corresponding to a groove (G) which is NOT facing the blocking means ( 4), cf. inner wall (200) alpha 1 which does not spare 3034033 65 groove (G), while the alpha angular position 2, reached under the action of the actuator (5), cf. outer wall (200) alpha 2, forms the bottom of the groove (G), which creates the housing (L2), - the housing (L3) preferably having a cam shape in the direction of rotation, adapted to facilitate and even causing the escape means (400) to escape from the housing (L3) towards the EXT. and B in that it comprises carrying out the following operations: said locking means (4) are housed: partly in the housings (L3) of the second plate (3) and partly in the orifice through (T) (which is integral with the body (6)), in the locking or latching position, and are instead partly (to the EXT) in the housing (L2) of the wing (2V) of the plate (2) and partly (towards the INT) in the through-orifice (T), in the position 15 of triggering or unblocking, - the actuator (motor (5) or jack, etc.) exerts on the upper plate (2) an action for rotating the alpha blocking angular position 1 to the unlocking position alpha 2, the angular deviation being adapted so that the housing (L2) of each blocking means (4) (which housing can be in said groove (G)) comes into angular coincidence with the locking assembly (L3) / means (4) (ball (4)) / (T), said locking means (ball) (4). ) being s "instantaneously" driven (by an "instantaneous pulse" generated by the tendency of the operator or an external motor to continue rotating the body (6)) from its locking housing (L3 / T) to its housing; 3034033 66 unlocking (T / L2), by a horizontal translation to the EXT, which frees the plate (3) / square (8) from its locking stress and allows the square to "turn crazy" said horizontal translation of the means (Locking ball) (4) being obtained as follows: in the locking position, the tool is capable of screwing or tightening etc ... because the square (8) is integral with the plate (3), which is itself even made integral with the plate (2) in that the locking means (4) is housed partly in the through hole (T) of the portion (6A) / (6B) of the U of the body (6), part by fixed definition, and partly in the housing (L3) of the plate (3), which corresponds to the fact that, the set point has not yet been reached. nt, the actuator (5) (including for example its engine) received no signal from said strain gauge and therefore does not rotate the upper plate (2), whose wing (2V) is obviously adapted via the alpha angular position 1 and the geometry of its face (200) alpha 1 so that its housing (L2) is not facing the assembly through hole (T) / housing (L3) which contains the blocking means ; whereas, on the other hand, when the set point is reached, the actuator receives said signal from said gauge, and rotates the upper plate (2) and its integral wing (2V) from the alpha position 1 to the alpha position 2 so that the housing (L2) appears because the groove (G) is unmasked by the rotation, and the housing (L2) is opposite the assembly through hole (T) / housing (L3) 25 contains the blocking means; 3034033 67 since the operator of the tool, at this moment, still exerts a pressure "to screw" on said workpiece, by the sleeve and therefore the square (8), this pressure causes an "instantaneous pulse" in rotation which tends to continue to rotate the integral assembly bushing, 5 square (8), and plateau block (320/3), this action of rotation or pulse "chasing" then said blocking means (4) out of the housing (L3), without encountering any mechanical resistance or significant friction because all the housings and orifices (L2), (L3) and (T) are adapted for this purpose as indicated above, towards the assembly (T / L2) (slot EXT 10 (L2) and INT through hole (T)); said locking means (4) having been completely driven out of the housing (L3), the plate (3), the square (8) and the socket are no longer integral with the body (6) and stop applying any torque screwing or other screwing force on the workpiece; it is the triggering position and the square turns "crazy", which 15 feels the operator who stops his action to screw, tighten, loosen, unscrew etc ... and the operator of the tool simultaneously perceives this trigger and stops his action "to screw". 19. A method according to claim 18, characterized in that it comprises a subsequent reclosing step in which the reclosing is performed by the combination of the two following means: A said mechanism comprises a return spring (R) for example torsion housed in a cavity (LR) formed in the fixed body at the level INT of the part (660), this spring being secured to the body (6) and slightly compressed in the locked position, it therefore compresses once 3034033 68 that the system is triggered to allow the reminder of the drive square: when the operator stops any action to be screwed after the triggering, this torque of rotation of the spring rotates in the opposite direction the plate (3), which brings back the housing (L3) next to the set (T) / (L2) where the blocking means is, said blocking means is then driven in the opposite direction to the housing (L2) / orifice (T), and the position is found blocking; in order to be certain of finding a perfect alignment of the parts in the locking position, a rotational stop is provided, and 10B a reverse rotation performed by the actuator (5), which puts the wing (2V) in position prior blocking, the geometry of the housing (L2) being adapted so that, during this reverse movement to the locking position, the locking means (4) is driven without unnecessary friction to the position (L3 / T) blocking. 15 20. The method of claim 19, characterized in that according to a variant, the reclosing is obtained by the return of the plate (3) by a biasing means, such as a torsionally compressed spring (R), anchored to both ends (x1) and (x2) (in the body (3) by (x2) upwards and downwards by (x2) anchored in the body (6), (62)) as indicated above, while the motor of the actuator (5) continues the rotation of the plate (2) and it can thus be understood that, instead of said inverse rotation of the plate (2), the electronics driving the motor is programmed, not for a reverse movement, but for a continuation of the rotation of the plate (2) which brings the housing (L2) in the blocking position of the locking means (ball) angularly following that 25 which has just been actuated, and this variant is can be used for any tool in rotation, and can constitute a method of controlling the rotational speed in a screw-type tool only; with three balls (4a), (4b) and (4c), the plate (2) can therefore: oscillate in the first (preferred) option angularly between the blocking position and then unblocking then re-engagement of the ball (4a) ( and therefore each other ball (4b) and (4c)) ("reverse rotation") is to go from the position of locking the ball (4a) to the unlocking position of this ball (4a) and then continue its rotation towards the blocking position of the next ball (4b), ie a total arc of 120 °, which is repeated for each ball, the geometry of the housing (L2) being adapted to receive each successive ball. 21. Dynamometric tools, motorized or not, with or without rotating electronics, such as screwdrivers, screwdrivers, dynamometers, according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that they comprise a mechanism according to any of claims 1 to 5 and implement the method of any one of claims 18 to 20. 22. Torque wrench according to claim 21, characterized in that, in said mechanism or method, the rod (7) of the motor (5) and the motor (5) are deported in the shaft or body (6) of a key secured to the body (6) of said mechanism, this offset being provided by a pinion assembly (P) 3034033 70 connected on the one hand to said rod (7) horizontal (and integral with said rod (7)) and on the other hand connected to and secured to a vertical rod (67) integral with the plate (2, 2a) of said mechanism, the horizontal tightening rotation exerted by the body (6) of the key being transformed by the pinion assembly (P) in a rotation of the rod (67) along its vertical axis, which rod (67) then plays exactly the same role as the rod (7) of the engine in said mechanism. 23. Applications and uses of the trigger mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and mechanisms or tools according to any one of claims 6 to 17, and applications and uses of the triggering method and method of tripping and reclosing according to any one of claims 18 to 20, as well as applications and uses of dynamometric tools according to claim 21, and the torque wrench according to claim 22, in any type of industry including industry automotive, air transport, nuclear, space, and similar industries, in particular those requiring a high or very high degree of precision of the action performed on the part, tightening, loosening, checking of tightening, screwing, unscrewing, control of rotational speed, and in particular of its intensity, and the precision of the cessation of this action.