FR3016316A1 - ACOUSTICALLY AND THERMALLY INSULATING COMPOSITE MATERIAL - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an acoustically and thermally insulating composite material, characterized in that it comprises at least a first layer called a core that said core is a layer comprising at least fibers derived from the recycling of textile waste (automobile, railway, quilting, making) and wood and binding agents, which in percentages by mass in relation to the mass of the core, the fibers resulting from the recycling of waste from railway and wood textiles vary respectively between 20 and 75% and binding agents between 5 and 30%.

Description

The present invention relates to an acoustically and thermally insulating composite material. In real estate, automotive, aerospace, railway and naval construction, thermal and acoustic insulators have long been used. Often these insulators are made of mineral wool or other products that may be harmful during handling and / or use or during destruction. The realization of these disadvantages has pushed the builders to move towards the use of insulation of natural origin. Nevertheless, if these new insulators are ecologically neutral they do not always give satisfaction in terms of resistance to moisture, heat resistance and longevity. We are constantly seeking to manufacture insulators of natural origin and more particularly plant that best meets the aforementioned constraints. To avoid any misinterpretation we indicate our definitions of some technical terms. The term "fiber" refers to a filamentary substance having a length (or "size") more than 10 times greater than its largest dimension in any transverse plane, the transverse planes being the planes intersecting the fiber perpendicular to the direction of its length. BFRO186 - Deposition The average size of a set of fibers is the arithmetic mean of the lengths of these fibers. The term "film" refers to a generally flexible sheet having a thickness of less than 1 mm. The term "nonwoven" is a felt composed of vegetable, synthetic or artificial fibers with a weight ranging from 15 to 1500 g / m2 and a thickness ranging from 0.5 to 25 mm and produced by the dry, wet or paper process. . A "rigid plate" is a sheet of thickness greater than 5 mm. An object of the present invention is to provide an insulating material meeting the new thermal and acoustic performance constraints. For this purpose, the invention proposes a thermally and acoustically insulating composite material. The insulating composite material according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises at least a first layer called a core, that said core is a layer comprising at least fibers derived from the recycling of textile waste, wood fibers and binding agents, in percentages by weight with respect to the weight of the core, the fibers resulting from the recycling of textile waste vary between 20 and 75%, the wood fibers between 20 and 8.5% and binding agents between 5 and 30%. BFRO186 - Filing The applicant holds a patent application FR 11 53942 concerning a composite insulating material using mainly flax fibers. The insulating elements thus obtained have a low rigidity and their handling and use in some applications is not very easy without the addition of a more rigid element. According to the invention, wood fibers and fibers, both vegetable and synthetic, are used which come from the recycling of textile waste, for example garment making, quilting, railway and automobile textiles. The first step is the defibration of textile waste and then the fibers are recycled to make the insulating material. The wood fibers come from chip grinding. A shredder is a wood-grinding machine that reduces fiber chips and wood chips with a fixed disk and a mobile disk that rotate at a very high speed and have radial grooves that are thinner and narrower towards the surface. periphery. The chips can be made from softwood or hardwood. An insulation comprising fibers from the recycling of textile waste and wood fibers combines the beneficial effects of two fibers depending on the applications and the BFRO186 medium - deposit in which the insulating materials will be used. According to one embodiment, the composite material comprises at least a second layer called a face, which said face is a needle-punched blanket comprising in percentages by weight relative to the mass of the face 5 at 100% of fibers resulting from the recycling of textile waste and / or hemp and / or flax and / or wood and / or other vegetable fibers. The core of such a material which is a web made of wood fibers and fibers from the recycling of textile waste may still in some cases have insufficient rigidity. This soul is in the form of a roll or a panel. The fact of adding faces made of a needle-punched blanket, which is simply or preferably is doubly needled, allows it to increase the rigidity. The composition of the material makes it possible to absorb the ambient humidity and to restore it when the weather conditions permit it. Working with a core and a face improves acoustic and thermal insulation and eliminates sagging over time in vertical installation. According to an alternative embodiment, the core is located between two parallel faces. According to another embodiment the face or faces also comprise binding agents. BFRO186 - Deposition Bonding agents are selected from bi-component polyester fibers, polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, vegetable starch heat-binding fibers, thermoplastic powders, resins or a mixture of at least two of these agents. In a preferred embodiment at least one face is coated with a film and a nonwoven comprising vegetable or synthetic or artificial fibers. In order to meet certain requirements relating to a specific use of the insulating material, at least one face comprises a pulverized agent imparting to it water-vapor, moisture-proof or fire-resistant characteristics. or hanging. According to an alternative embodiment, at least one face is coated with a film and / or a nonwoven comprising vegetable or synthetic fibers or artificial fibers. Preferably the fibers from the recycling of textile waste (automotive, rail, quilting, clothing) have an average size of between 10 and 80 mm. Preferably, the wood fibers have an average size of between 5 and 50 mm. The invention also relates to a construction element for a building or for a motor vehicle or railway or for a ship building BFRO186 - depot or for aircraft incorporating less a layer of the material as defined above. The needled used for the faces has a density ranging from 200g / m2 to 2000g / m2.

Preferably, the fibers resulting from the recycling of waste textiles and wood are present in the core are a content respectively between 20 and 85%, between 20 and 75%, more preferably between 30 and 55%, in percentages. mass relative to the total mass of the insulating composite material. According to one particular embodiment, the core comprises, in percentages by weight relative to the total mass of said material, more than 60%, preferably more than 80% and / or less than 95%, preferably less than 90% of fibers. - The fibers resulting from the recycling of textile waste (automobile, rail, quilting, confection) and wood have an average size preferably greater than 2.5 mm, preferably greater than 10 mm and / or less than 80 mm, less than 60 The binder in the core has a melting temperature below 200 ° C and / or above 100 ° C. The binding agent present in the insulating composite material has a content greater than 2%, preferably greater than 10%, or even greater than BFRO186 - 15% deposit, and / or less than 50%, preferably less than 40%, less than 30%, less than 20%, in percentages by weight relative to the total mass of the core.

Preferably, the fibers resulting from the recycling of textile and wood waste together represent more than 80%, more than 90%, or even more than 95%, of the total mass of the material. Preferably, the fibers resulting from the recycling of textile waste (automobile, rail, quilting, clothing) and wood, the binding agent together represent 100% of the total mass of the insulating composite material. A material according to the invention can take various forms, and can in particular be in the form of a flexible product capable of being wound, called "rollable product", or more rigid, in the form of a panel. A rollable material according to the invention has a pre-winding thickness preferably greater than 15 mm, greater than 20 mm, greater than 30 mm, preferably greater than 40 mm, even greater than 45 mm and / or, preferably, smaller at 500 mm, less than 400 mm, less than 300 mm, less than 250 mm, or even less than 200 mm. A rollable material according to the invention has a length preferably greater than 1 m, greater than 2 m, greater than 3 m, even greater than 4 m and / or, preferably, lower BFRO186 - deposit at 15 m, less than 12 m, less than 10 m, or even less than 9 m. A rollable material according to the invention has a width preferably greater than 0.30 m, greater than 0.45 m, greater than 0.55 m and / or, preferably, less than 1 m, less than 0.90 m. , less than 0.75 m, or even less than 0.65 m. Preferably, a rollable material according to the invention still has a density greater than 10 kg / m 3, preferably greater than 20 kg / m 3, preferably greater than 30 kg / m 3, and / or less than 120 kg / m 3, preferably less than 60 kg / m3 and especially less than 40 kg / m3.

A panel according to the invention has a thickness preferably greater than 30 mm, greater than 70 mm, greater than 100 mm and / or, preferably, less than 600 mm, less than 400 mm, less than 300 mm, less than 200 mm. A panel according to the invention has a length preferably greater than 0.70 m, greater than 0.90 m, greater than 1.10 m, greater than 1.20 m and / or, preferably, less than 3 m, less than 2 m, less than 1.50 m, less than 1.30 m. A panel according to the invention has a width preferably of greater than 0.30 m, greater than 0.45 m, greater than 0.55 m and / or preferably less than 1 m of BFRO186, preferably less than 0, 90 m, less than 0.75 m, or even less than 0.65 m. A panel according to the invention has a density preferably greater than 20 kg / m3, preferably greater than 40 kg / m3, preferably greater than 50 kg / m3 and less than 200 kg / m3, preferably less than 150 kg / m3 and especially less than 60 kg / m3. According to a particular embodiment, the invention is in the form of a panel of insulating composite material according to the invention having a large face, or even two large faces, coated (s), at least partially, with a film, of preferably a waterproof film with water vapor. Said film may advantageously be chosen from a composite film, preferably a flexible film, for example a kraft-aluminum paper film, a nonwoven film, a vapor brake or a plastic film. Preferably, said film is made of kraft-aluminum paper.

According to another particular embodiment, said insulating composite material is bonded, especially at at least one of its large faces, for example by gluing, heat welding, ultrasound, sewing or any other suitable method, at least a rigid plate. The rigid plate may be selected from plasterboard, gypsum, wood, composite wood, or particle board. These materials make it possible to manufacture panels of BFRO186 - bracing deposit, finishing, protection against various projections, fire resistance. A construction element according to the invention may be in the form of a superposition of layers, at least one of the layers being of insulating composite material according to the invention and at least one of the layers being of a complementary material. Such an element may also have a large face, or even two large faces, coated (s), at least partially, a film as defined above. The building element incorporating at least one layer of material may be used for the building, for automotive or railway vehicles or for a naval vessel or for an aircraft in particular to provide thermal and / or acoustic insulation.

20 25 BFRO186 - deposit

Claims (10)

REVENDICATIONS1. Composite material acoustically and thermally insulating, characterized in that it comprises at least a first layer called core, said core is a mat comprising at least fibers from the recycling of railway and wood textile waste and In percentages by mass in relation to the mass of the core, the fibers resulting from the recycling of railway textile waste vary between 20 and 75%, the wood fibers between 20 and 75% and the binding agents. between 5 and 30%. 15 2. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least a second layer called a face, that said face is a needle-punched web comprising in percentages by weight relative to the mass of the face 5 at 100% of fibers coming from the recycling of railway textile and / or hemp and / or flax and / or other vegetable fibers. 3. Material according to claim 2, characterized in that the core is located between two parallel faces. 4. Material according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the face or faces 30 also comprise binding agents. BFRO186 - deposit 5. Material according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the binding agents are selected from two-component polyester fibers, polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, thermofactory fibers based on vegetable starch. thermoplastic powders, resins or a mixture of at least two of these agents. 6. Material according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that at least one face is coated with a film and a nonwoven comprising plant fibers or synthetic or artificial. 7. Material according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that at least one face comprises a pulverized agent giving it characteristics of water-tightness or steam or moisture or resistance to water. fire or catch. 8. Material according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that at least one face is coated with a film and / or a nonwoven comprising plant fibers or synthetic or artificial. 9. Material according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the fibers from the BFRO186 - dépôtrécyclage textile waste (rail have an average size between 10 and 100 mm. 10. Construction element for a building or for a motor vehicle or a railway vehicle or for a naval vessel or for an aircraft incorporating at least one layer of the material according to one of claims 1 to 9. BFRO186 - depot