FR3013516A1 - ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL COMPRISING A HOLLOW TUBULAR GAS ELECTRODE - Google Patents

Abstract

The main object of the invention is an elementary electrochemical cell (1) with a gas electrode, intended to be integrated within an electrochemical assembly module (10) of a battery pack, comprising at least one negative electrode (2a, 2b, 2c) and a positive electrode (3), one of said at least one negative electrode (2a, 2b, 2c) and a positive electrode (3) being a gas electrode, at least one current collector negative (4a, 4b, 4c) and a positive current collector (5) respectively associated with said at least one negative electrode (2a, 2b, 2c) and a positive electrode (3), and at least one electrolyte (6) located between said at least one negative electrode (2a, 2b, 2c) and a positive electrode (3), characterized in that the gas electrode is in hollow tubular form inside the cell (1).

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the field of elementary electrochemical cells intended to be assembled within electrochemical modules themselves assembled together to form a battery pack, these electrochemical cells comprising an electrode. gas. More particularly, it relates to the field of electrochemical cells of the metal-gas type.

The invention has applications in many fields of the industry, particularly for stationary or onboard applications, in particular for the field of power supply of transport vehicles, land, air and / or nautical, for example for the power supply of hybrid and / or electric vehicles for which an arrangement of a large number of electrochemical cells and a dynamic circulation of the gas are required. It thus proposes an elementary electrochemical cell comprising a gas electrode of hollow tubular shape, an electrochemical assembly module comprising a plurality of such cells, and a battery pack comprising a plurality of such electrochemical assembly modules. STATE OF THE PRIOR ART Accumulators are systems for storing electrical energy in chemical form. They are based on a reversible electrochemical system, that is to say rechargeable. The battery pack is an assembly of electrochemical modules, themselves assemblies of elementary electrochemical cells that constitute accumulators. Within the battery pack, the electrochemical cells are connected and managed by a control electronics, also called BMS electronics for "Battery Management System" in English, which optimizes the charge and discharge and prolongs the service life. Accumulators or cells contain chemical reagents that, once activated, provide electricity on demand. These electrochemical reactions are activated within the elementary electrochemical cell, between a positive electrode and a negative electrode immersed in an electrolyte, when an electric charge is connected to the terminals of the cell. By way of example, the Li-ion technology consists of using the electrochemical circulation of the lithium ion in two materials and at different potential values: the positive electrode and the negative electrode constitute the two oxidation-reduction potentials, and the potential difference creates the voltage within the battery. In use (the battery discharges), the negative electrode releases lithium ion form Li. Li + ions then migrate to the positive electrode, via the ionic conductive electrolyte. The passage of each Li + ion within the accumulator is compensated by the passage of an electron in the external circuit (current flowing from the terminals of the accumulator), in the opposite direction, thus creating the electric current to make operate the device associated with the battery. Then there is electric current until there is no lithium in the negative electrode: the battery is then discharged and recharging is done by the reverse process.

With regard to the design of elementary electrochemical cells, three main types of architectural geometry are commonly used. Thus, in a conventional manner and known per se, the cells may have a cylindrical geometry, a prismatic geometry or a geometry bag / stack (also called "pouch-cell" in English).

Moreover, among the various possibilities available for the choice of the electrodes of the elementary electrochemical cells, there are known electrochemical cells which comprise a gas electrode, also hereinafter referred to as "gas electrode cells", and in particular the so-called cells of the type metal-gas. The present invention is particularly concerned with this type of elementary electrochemical cell.

In the case of these gas electrode cells, optimizing the flow of gas to allow optimal gas delivery to the gas electrodes of each cell of an assembly module of a battery pack is a well-known problem. and fundamental to improve the performance of metal-gas type batteries, in terms of kinetics of reaction, whatever the intended application of these batteries. In addition, current research on gas electrode cells and metal-gas technologies is moving towards, inter alia, application in the field of land transport vehicles, including hybrid vehicles and electric. However, in this area, the optimization of the total density of the batteries is also a well known and fundamental problem in terms of efficiency, especially as batteries are the major elements of these vehicles. Also, in the case of gas electrode cells, there is both a need in terms of optimizing the flow of gas to the gas electrodes of the cells and a need in terms of optimizing the total density occupied. by the cells.

Nevertheless, the main types of architectural geometry usually used to design the electrochemical cells, which have been presented before, do not make it possible to meet this dual need for gas electrode cells in a satisfactory manner. Indeed, concerning prismatic geometry cells, many patents propose a device promoting the supply of gas to the surface of each cell. For example, as described in US Pat. No. 6,706,436 Bi, it is possible to insert bipolar plates between the cells. However, this solution is not relevant enough in terms of weight gain and space. In addition, other patents relate to the arrangement of cells to optimize the flow of gas in a module. Thus, US Pat. No. 6,517,967 B1 and International Application WO 00/036692 A1 propose a compact arrangement of prismatic geometry cells by superimposing them with the aid of a suitable support structure. However, the spacing between the cells induces a loss of space in the thickness of the module. In addition, the patent application US 2009/0191452 A1 proposes an optimal circulation of the gas in a module for cells of cylindrical geometry. However, with cells of cylindrical geometry, the arrangement can not be optimal so that space can be lost compared to prismatic geometries or bag. Patent EP 2 022 110 B1 then proposes a housing for arranging cylindrical cells together, but the use of an additional housing further increases the cells and therefore the total weight of the assembly module and the battery pack. The US Pat. No. 5,366,822 A and the patent application EP 2,530,762 A1 also propose a stack of flat prismatic cells with spacings or channels allowing circulation of the gas. The solutions proposed in these documents can make it possible to gain space, but the circulation of the gas proves to be inefficient. In addition, these solutions are particularly applicable to zinc-air type cells but are not conceivable for lithium-oxygen type cells because of the constraints associated with the use of lithium metal with an aqueous electrolyte. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is therefore to remedy at least partially the needs mentioned above and the drawbacks relating to the embodiments of the prior art. The invention aims in particular to propose a new type of elementary electrochemical cell with a gas electrode, in particular of the metal-gas type, having a particular design and architecture to optimize the flow of gas, and to optimize space saving and integration. of this type of cell in an electrochemical battery assembly module. In particular, the invention aims to find a compromise solution between a module, comprising a cell assembly, which promotes the flow of gas in a well-distributed manner at the surface of each gas electrode, and a module comprising a cell assembly. which has an optimized density.

The invention thus has, according to one of its aspects, an elementary electrochemical cell with a gas electrode, intended to be integrated within an electrochemical module for assembling a battery pack, comprising: - at least a negative electrode and a positive electrode, one of said at least one negative electrode and a positive electrode being a gas electrode; at least one negative current collector and a positive current collector respectively associated with said at least one negative electrode; and a positive electrode, at least one electrolyte located between said at least one negative electrode and a positive electrode, characterized in that the gas electrode is in hollow tubular form inside the cell. The "hollow" appearance of the gas electrode, involving an opening of the cell, advantageously makes it possible to ensure a supply of gas from the outside to the gas electrode. Thanks to the invention, it is possible to have a new type of gas electrode elementary electrochemical cell architecture geometry having the particularity of having an internal gas electrode. This arrangement can thus allow an optimal arrangement in terms of mass gain, volume and gas flow, while also allowing easy modular integration both in terms of space and connection (in series or in parallel). In addition, the invention can allow a simple and effective mechanical fixing of the cells together and to the module in which they are assembled. The elementary electrochemical cell according to the invention may further comprise one or more of the following characteristics taken separately or in any possible technical combination.

The gas electrode may be constituted by the positive electrode. The gas electrode may preferentially be located in the center of the electrochemical cell. The electrochemical cell may in particular be of the metal-gas type, that is to say comprising a gas electrode and a metal electrode. In particular, the electrochemical cell may be of the lithium-air type.

Several configurations are possible for the internal gas electrode cell according to the invention, these being determined in particular according to the intended applications and / or integration into the environment. In particular, the gas electrode may have substantially, in section, any type of shape, including polygonal, for example triangular, square, rectangular, parallelepiped, pentagonal, hexagonal, star, circular, elliptical, among others. More preferably, the section of the gas electrode may have substantially an equilateral triangle shape or a circular shape. Moreover, the cell can also have any type of shape. For example, the cell may have substantially, in section, a polygonal shape, regular or not, for example triangular, square, rectangular, parallelepiped, pentagonal, hexagonal, star, among others. The cell may still substantially have a cylindrical shape, for example of circular or elliptical section. More preferably, the section of the cell may have substantially an equilateral triangle shape or a circular shape. The periphery of the cell and / or the gas electrode may have, at least in part, a regular or irregular shape, convex, concave, wavy, broken, among others. The angles between two sides of the perimeter of the cell and / or the gas electrode can have different shapes, being for example acute, obtuse, rounded, among others.

Advantageously, a polygonal shape of the cell can allow it to have a modular appearance. Thus, it may be possible to assemble several electrochemical cells in many configurations in an electrochemical battery pack assembly module, in particular by juxtaposing them and / or by superimposing them easily.

When the cell has substantially a polygonal shape in section, the gas electrode may also have substantially, in section, a polygonal shape, similar or not. In this way, the cell may have several external faces, including as many external faces as sides of the polygonal shape of the cell. Similarly, the gas electrode may have several internal faces, including as many internal faces as sides of the polygonal shape of the gas electrode. The cell may have substantially, in section, a shape of triangle, including equilateral triangle. In this case then, the gas electrode may also have substantially, in section, a triangle shape, including equilateral. In this way, the cell can have three external faces. Similarly, the gas electrode may have three internal faces. The cell may comprise a plurality of negative electrodes, in particular three, associated with a positive electrode, the positive electrode being the gas electrode.

In particular, the number of negative electrodes advantageously corresponds to the number of external faces of the polygonal cell. More specifically, in the case of a triangular cell, including equilateral, the cell may comprise three negative electrodes associated with a positive electrode.

Thus, the invention may also be of interest in terms of dimensioning. Indeed, for a positive gas electrode, three negative electrodes are associated for an optimum electrolyte volume and overall size. The efficiency of the electrochemical reaction can thus be improved with respect to flat cell architecture geometries, particularly as in the prior art.

The cell may have several sides, including three, on each of which is located a negative electrode. More specifically, in the case of a triangular cell, including equilateral, the cell may have three sides on each of which is located a negative electrode.

Each negative electrode may extend along the corresponding side of the cell, preferably parallel to the inner face of the gas electrode located opposite said side. In this way, it may be possible to have optimal ion transfer between the negative and positive electrodes during the electrochemical reaction.

Each negative electrode may also be in the form of a plate, for example metal, for example lithium metal, attached to the corresponding side of the cell. The cell may have several angles, in particular three, on each of which is located a negative electrode. More specifically, in the case of a triangular cell, including equilateral, the cell may have three angles on each of which is located a negative electrode. Each negative electrode may for example have a solid tubular shape at the corresponding angle of the cell. The negative terminals of the cell may not be electrically connected to each other, and the positive terminals of the cell may also not be electrically connected to each other, so as to partition each electrochemical core of the cell.

In this way, each electrochemical core thus formed has its own electrolyte. The electrolyte volume is thus dimensioned for each electrochemical core without permeable communication between the electrochemical cores. Alternatively, all the negative terminals of the cell can be electrically connected to each other, and all the positive terminals of the cell can be electrically connected together, so as to have no compartmentalization of the electrochemical cores. In this way, the cell has an electrolyte common to all electrochemical cores. One or the other of the two variants presented above relating to the internal architecture of the cell can be used, the choice being able for example to be made according to application or structural considerations. The gas electrode may have substantially, in section, a circular shape. The cell may comprise a plurality of negative electrodes, including three, associated with a positive electrode, the positive electrode being the gas electrode, and each negative electrode may have substantially, in section, a shape of a circular arc at least partially the circular shape of the gas electrode. In this way, it may be possible to obtain optimal ion transfer between the negative electrode and the positive electrode during the electrochemical reaction.

When the cell has substantially a cylindrical shape, it may then comprise a single external negative electrode. Moreover, an architectural geometry with a cell having substantially a cylindrical shape may make it possible to envisage a stack of several cells for a series connection.

The cell may be formed by assembling a plurality of elementary electrochemical sub-cells defining therebetween a gas electrode in hollow tubular form within the cell. In this variant embodiment of the invention, the hollow tubular gas electrode is formed when the sub-cells are assembled together.

The plurality of sub-cells may comprise flat prismatic sub-cells, in particular having in section a trapezoidal shape, in particular isosceles. An isosceles trapezoidal shape of the sub-cells may make it possible to facilitate the possibilities of arranging the sub-cells together, to form an electrochemical cell of various shape in section, as previously described.

The sub-cells may for example be of the metal-air type. The cell may in particular comprise three prismatic sub-cells forming a polygonal arrangement in the form of an equilateral triangle, in section. It may further comprise six prismatic sub-cells forming a polygonal arrangement in the form of a hexagon, in section.

The plurality of sub-cells may comprise flat prismatic sub-cells of trapezoidal cross-sectional shape, and the sub-cells may be assembled together in a "regular" configuration in which the sub-cells are in contact with each other through their faces. lateral. In this way, in this regular configuration of the sub-cells, each angle of the polygonal geometry formed by the assembly of the sub-cells can consist of two isosceles trapezoidal sub-cells whose angle of each is equal to half of that formed by two consecutive sides of the polygonal cell. Alternatively, the plurality of sub-cells may comprise flat trapezoidal flat prismatic sub-cells in section, and the sub-cells may be assembled together in an "offset" configuration in which the sub-cells are in contact alternately with each other. their side and their small base. In this way, in this shifted configuration of the sub-cells, each angle of the polygonal geometry formed by the assembly of the sub-cells can consist of a single isosceles trapezoid sub-cell whose angle is equal to that formed by two consecutive sides of the polygonal cell. The gas electrode and the cell may have substantially the same shape in section. The gas electrode may comprise a male part extending from a first face of the cell and a female part, complementary to the male part, formed on a second face of the cell opposite to the first face, the male and female parts. of the gas electrode respectively allowing a stack of the cell with the female and male parts of the gas electrode of another cell of the same type. The negative electrode or electrodes may also comprise a male part extending from a first face of the cell and a female part, complementary to the male part, formed on a second face of the cell opposite to the first face, the male and female parts. female or the negative electrodes respectively allowing a stack of the cell with the female and male parts of the or the negative electrodes of another cell of the same type. The presence of male and female parts on the gas electrode and / or on a negative electrode may in particular make it possible to be able to stack and position several cells on top of one another to form a column, while leaving a passage for the flow of gas in the center of the cells, that is to say through the recesses of the gas electrodes. Such a passage can thus constitute a gas pipe. Several columns with cell overlay can thus be formed, each having a cross section similar to that of the cells, and can be assembled together in a module to form a battery pack with optimal modularity and compactness. The cell may comprise a stiffening piece located in the hollow space of the gas electrode in hollow tubular form.

It may thus be possible, if necessary, to stiffen the inside of the tube of the gas electrode. The stiffening piece may comprise a longiline rigid structure. It can be made of a material in accordance with the intended application (s) of the battery pack in which the electrochemical cell will be present, especially in terms of operating temperatures and pressures. It can thus be preferentially made of molded rigid plastic. It may have a height less than or equal to that of the gas electrode. It can also have a sufficiently rigid section to be able to collect the deformations that may appear due to the different modes of operation of the cell. It can also be of design capable of allowing a free flow of gas to the gas electrode. In particular, the stiffening piece may be perforated. It may for example have, in section, a circular shape, elliptical, polygonal, in particular triangular or star, or be constituted by a coil-shaped spring. Moreover, the invention further relates, in another of its aspects, to an electrochemical module for assembling a battery pack, characterized in that it comprises an assembly of several cells as defined above. The assembly formed within the module by the elementary electrochemical cells according to the invention may in particular have, in section, any type of shape, and in particular a polygonal shape, regular or otherwise, for example triangular, square, rectangular, parallelepipedal, trapezoidal, pentagonal, hexagonal, star, a cylindrical shape, for example of circular or elliptical section, among others. All cells may have substantially the same shape in section. Alternatively, at least a first portion of the cells may have substantially, in section, the same first form, and at least a second portion of the cells may have substantially, in section, the same second form, different from the first form, the cells said at least one second portion being positioned between the cells of said at least one first portion in a juxtaposed manner.

In this way, it may be possible to assemble different types of cells in the assembly module, and in different ways, to adapt to the desired characteristics for the battery pack. At least one serial connector may be interposed between two consecutive cells, so as to allow a series connection of the cells.

Advantageously, the sectional shape of the connector in series may be similar to that of the cells that it must electrically connect to be positioned optimally between the cells. Each cell may also be of polygonal geometry, and have at each angle a negative terminal on one side and a positive terminal on the other side of the corner. The cells can also be connected together by means of connecting rods, able to fit into corresponding housings of the cells. The cells may also be connected together, in parallel or in series, by means of intermediate plates interposed between plates or cell stages. The invention also relates, in another aspect, to a battery pack, characterized in that it comprises an assembly of several electrochemical modules as defined above. All of the features set forth in this description may be taken individually or in any technically possible combination with other features.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be better understood on reading the following detailed description, examples of non-limiting implementation thereof, and the examination of the figures, diagrammatic and partial, of the accompanying drawing, in which: - Figure 1 shows, in perspective, an example of an electrochemical cell according to the invention of equilateral triangular shape, comprising an equilateral triangular gas-shaped electrode, - Figure 2 is a sectional view according to FIG. 3 is a sectional view of another example of an equilateral triangular electrochemical cell according to the invention, comprising an equilateral triangular-shaped gas electrode, FIG. view from above of the electrochemical cell of FIG. 3; FIGS. 5A to 5E illustrate, schematically in view from above, examples of electrochemical assembly modules comprising a plurality of electrochemical ellules according to the invention of equilateral triangular shape, comprising an equilateral triangular gas-shaped electrode, - Figure 6 illustrates, in perspective, a column stack of electrochemical cells according to the invention of equilateral triangular shape, comprising a equilateral triangular gas, FIGS. 7A to 7D illustrate, schematically in a view from above, examples of electrochemical assembly modules comprising a plurality of electrochemical cells according to the invention of polygonal shape, comprising a polygonal gas electrode. FIGS. 8A to 8D show, in perspective, examples of stiffening parts for an electrochemical cell according to the invention, intended to be inserted into the hollow of the gas electrode, FIG. 9 represents, in section another example of an electrochemical cell according to the invention of equilateral triangular shape, comprising an equilateral triangular-shaped gas electrode; FIG. 10 represents, in perspective, an example of an electrochemical cell according to the invention similar to that of FIG. 9, of equilateral triangular shape, comprising an equilateral triangular-shaped gas electrode; FIG. 10A represents, in perspective, an example of a negative terminal of the electrochemical cell of FIG. 10; FIG. 11 represents, in perspective, another example of an electrochemical cell according to the invention similar to that of FIG. 9; , of equilateral triangular shape, comprising an equilateral triangular-shaped gas electrode, - FIG. 11A represents, in perspective, an example of a negative terminal of the electrochemical cell of FIG. 11, - FIG. 12 illustrates, in perspective, an example. column stack of electrochemical cells similar to those of Figures 10 and 11, - Figure 13 shows, in perspec Another example of an equilateral triangular electrochemical cell according to the invention, comprising an equilateral triangular gas electrode, is shown in FIG. 14, in perspective, an example of a column stack of electrochemical cells similar to that of FIG. 13; FIGS. 15A and 15B show, respectively in bottom view and in view from above, an example of a series connector intended to be placed between two electrochemical cells according to the invention; FIGS. 16A and 16B represent, respectively in view from below and in view from above, another example of a connector in series intended to be placed between two electrochemical cells according to the invention; - Figure 17 represents, in side view, a series connector similar to that of the figures 15A and 15B; FIGS. 18 and 19 respectively represent examples of lower and upper covers of an assembly module comprising According to the invention, a plurality of electrochemical cells according to the invention is shown in FIG. 20. FIG. 20 is a sectional view of another example of an equilateral triangular electrochemical cell according to the invention, comprising an equilateral triangular gas electrode, FIG. , in perspective, an example of column stacking of electrochemical cells similar to that of FIG. 20, FIG. 22 represents, in section, another example of an equilateral triangular electrochemical cell according to the invention, comprising a equilateral triangular gas, FIG. 23 illustrates, in perspective, an example of column stacking of electrochemical cells similar to that of FIG. 22; FIG. 24 illustrates, in section, another example of a cell according to FIG. FIGS. 25 and 26 respectively represent, partially, two alternative embodiments for the connection in parallel on a stage of e cells according to the invention, - Figures 27 and 28 show, respectively in section of the lower part and in section of the upper part, an alternative embodiment of a cell according to the invention for connection in parallel on a floor of cells according to the invention, - Figures 29A and 29B show, in part, examples of cells having negative terminals of variable form, - Figures 30A to 30D illustrate examples of connecting rods 35 for connection in parallel on a cell stage according to the invention, - Figures 31A and 31B illustrate, in section, the use of intermediate plates between cell stages according to the invention, respectively for a parallel connection and a series connection of the cells together FIG. 32 represents, in perspective, an exemplary embodiment of a cell according to the invention of equilateral triangular shape, comprising an internal gas electrode. In a circular view, FIG. 33 represents, in plan view, a cell according to the invention similar to that of FIG. 32. FIGS. 34A to 34D schematically illustrate embodiments of modules comprising a plurality of FIGS. cells according to the invention comprising an internal gas electrode of circular shape, - Figures 35 to 38 show, in perspective, embodiments of cells according to the invention comprising a plurality of sub-cells, - Figures 39 to 41 illustrate, schematically, examples of modules comprising cells according to the invention formed by the assembly of several sub-cells, - Figures 42, 43 and 44 show, respectively in side view, in cross-section and in longitudinal section, a example of a cylindrical cell according to the invention comprising a circular internal gas electrode, and - Figures 45 and 46 illustrate, in section, examples of cylindrical cells. s according to the invention comprising a rod of a rotation mechanism inserted into the hollow of the internal gas electrode of circular section.

In all of these figures, identical references may designate identical or similar elements. In addition, the different parts shown in the figures are not necessarily in a uniform scale, to make the figures more readable. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS 1st configuration - internal gas electrode of polygonal shape, in particular equilateral triangular shape FIG. 1 is a schematic and partial perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of an elementary electrochemical cell 1 with an electrode internal gas 3 according to the invention.

The cell 1 may be intended to be integrated within an electrochemical assembly module 10 of a battery pack, as explained above. According to the invention, the cell 1 comprises three negative electrodes 2a, 2b and 2c and a positive electrode 3, the positive electrode 3 being a gas electrode. In addition, the cell 1 comprises three negative current collectors 4a, 4b and 4c, and a positive current collector 5 (the negative current collector 4a and the positive current collector 5 are for example visible in FIG. 2), respectively associated with the negative electrodes 2a, 2b and 2c and the positive electrode 3. In addition, the cell 1 comprises at least one electrolyte 6 (visible in Figure 2) which is between a negative electrode 2a, 2b or 2c and the 3. As can be seen in FIG. 1, the gas electrode 3 is in a hollow tubular form inside the cell 1. More particularly, in this example of FIG. Electrochemical 1 has, in section, an equilateral triangle shape, and the gas electrode 3 also has, in section, an equilateral triangle shape. The hollow tubular shape of the gas electrode 3 makes it possible to confer on the cell 1 according to the invention an architecture allowing an optimal arrangement in terms of mass, volume and gas circulation gain, while allowing an easy modular integration of the cell 1, both in terms of space and connection, in series or in parallel, for a simple and effective mechanical fixing of the cells 1 to each other and to an assembly module 10 in which they can be placed. An equilateral triangle shape of the cell 1 and the gas electrode 3 is a preferred variant of the invention since it makes it possible to confer a modular aspect making it possible to assemble the cells 1 in numerous configurations in a module 10, and to superimpose them easily with each other. Indeed, since the gas electrodes 3 are located in the center of the cells 1, the stack of the cells 1 makes it possible to form a gas circulation column towards the gas electrodes 3, this column thus constituting a gas pipe. Such a column also has a section similar to that of cells 1, which can be assembled together in an assembly module 10 for a battery pack with optimum modularity and compactness. Nevertheless, the invention is in no way limited to an equilateral polygonal or triangular shape of the cell 1 or the gas electrode 3, as will be developed in particular in the other examples. FIG. 2 diagrammatically and partially shows a sectional view along II-II of the cell 1 of FIG.

As can be seen in this FIG. 2, the electrochemical core 13 associated with the negative electrode 2a is constituted by the positive gas electrode 3 associated with the positive current collector 5, the electrolyte 6, a protective membrane 11, situated between the electrolyte 6 and the negative electrode 2a, and finally the electrode 2a and the negative current collector 4a. Furthermore, a housing 12 of the cell 1 at least partially encompasses the electrochemical core 13 thus formed. By way of example, and this being applicable to all the examples presented in the present description, the cell 1 may be of the metal-gas type and in particular of the lithium-air type, with in particular an aqueous electrolyte 6 and a protective membrane 11 of the negative electrode 2a in the form of lithium metal. Thus, the electrochemical core 13 of the cell 1 is preferably constituted, in the order of superposition, of a copper foil constituting the negative current collector 4a, of a sheet of lithium metal constituting the negative electrode 2a covered with a protective membrane 11, a separator impregnated with electrolyte 6, and a grid or a nickel foam, on which the catalyst for the decomposition reaction of the gas is first deposited, to constitute the positive electrode 3 and its positive current collector 5, the latter being most often constituted by the grid or nickel foam itself. This grid or nickel foam is preferably present with a hydrophobic coating. In addition, a thin layer of GDL type (for ((Gas Diffusion Layer "in English) promoting the diffusion of gas homogeneously to the surface of the positive electrode 3 and conforming to the shape of the grid or nickel foam is advantageously incorporated in the electrochemical core 13. Various forms can be envisaged for the grid or the nickel foam for forming the positive electrode 3 and its positive current collector 5, these forms making it possible to promote the arrival of the gas in the cell 1. For example, especially in the case where the arrival of the gas in the cell 1 is dynamic (wind speed, compressor, internal pressure, depression, fan, change in density by local heating of the gas, among others), the forms retained can be chosen from: strilles, stripes, grooves, more or less large mesh grids, helicoidal shapes, among others.

The negative current collector 4a, preferably made of copper and placed on the negative electrode 2a formed by lithium metal, may have a variable shape, in particular adapted to adapt to the different configurations of internal architecture and possible connection for the cell 1.

To ideally size equilateral triangular equilateral triangular cell 1 equilateral triangular internal gas electrode, as in the example of Figure 1, according to its desired compactness and the thickness of its electrochemical core 13, it may be possible to use following relations: / = - 4xxer, vomp -1) - V1- compl 2x comp where: - / represents the length of one side of the gas electrode 3, - L represents the external length of one side of the cell 1, - e represents the thickness of the electrochemical core 13, and 15 - comp represents the compactness of the cell 1. It should be noted that in the context of these relationships, the height h of a cell 1 is independent of its configuration or of its architecture, only the thickness e of the electrochemical core 13 and the length L of an external side of the cell 1 being decisive for its dimensioning according to the desired compactness. Furthermore, as can be seen in FIG. 2, the gas electrode 3 comprises a male part 3a extending from a first face 1a of the cell 1 and a female part 3b complementary to the male part 3a. formed on a second face lb of the cell 1, opposite the first face la. The male and female parts 3a and 3b of the gas electrode 3 advantageously respectively make it possible to carry out a stack of the cell 1 with the female and male parts of the gas electrode of other electrochemical cells 1 of the same type, and in order to form columns of cells 1 ready to be integrated into an assembly module 10 of a battery pack. Furthermore, in the context of a cell 1 according to the invention comprising a hollow internal polygonal gas electrode 3 , a first configuration as shown in Figure 1, provides the presence of each of the three negative electrodes 2a, 2b and 2c on each of the three angles 8a, 8b and 8c of the equilateral triangular-shaped cell 1. However, FIGS. 3 and 4, FIG. 3 being a sectional view and FIG. 4 being a view from above, represent the possibility of providing each of the three negative electrodes 2a, 2b and 2c respectively on each of the three sides 7a, 7b. and 7c of the cell 1, as can be seen more particularly in FIG.

In particular, in this second configuration, each negative electrode 2a, 2b and 2c may be in the form of a flat metal electrode advantageously parallel to the face opposite the positive gas electrode 3, in order to obtain optimal ion transfer during the electrochemical reaction in the corresponding electrochemical core 13.

In addition, in this example of Figures 3 and 4, each negative terminal may be in the form of an equilateral triangular plate located on each corner of the cell 1 to recover the current of the negative current collectors of each face. Moreover, in the context of the two exemplary embodiments described respectively with reference to FIGS. 1 and 3, but also in a manner applicable to all the examples described in the present description, two variants of internal architecture of the cell 1 are conceivable. . A first variant consists in partitioning each electrochemical core 13. Thus, the different negative terminals of the same cell 1 are not electrically connected to each other, nor are the positive terminals to each other. The electrolyte volume 6 is thus dimensioned for each electrochemical core 13, without permeable communication between the set of electrochemical cores 13. In a second variant, the three electrochemical cores 13 are not compartmentalized. Thus, all the negative terminals of the same cell are electrically connected to each other, as are the positive terminals between them. The electrolyte 6 is then common to all the electrochemical cores 13 of the same cell 1.

The cells 1 of the equilateral triangular type, as described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4, can be assembled together in different ways in order to obtain a variety of shapes in section intended to adapt to the different assembly modules 10 and to the battery pack in which the cells 1 are intended to be incorporated. Thus, by way of examples, FIGS. 5A to 5E represent various possible forms, in section, for assembly modules 10 comprising a grouping of equilateral triangular cells 1 according to the invention. In these figures, the representation has been schematized to the maximum for the sake of clarity, and in particular the hollow aspect E of the gas electrodes 3 has not been shown. FIG. 6 also represents, in perspective and schematically, an example of column stacking of equilateral triangular cells 1 according to the invention, this stack defining a gas column C to allow the flow of gas towards the gas electrodes 3. The stack may for example be made via the male parts 3a and 3b female cells 1, as shown in Figure 2. Moreover, as mentioned above, the polygonal sectional shape of the cells 1 may be of any type, and in no way limited to an equilateral triangular form.

Thus, by way of examples, FIGS. 7A to 7D represent alternative embodiments of assembly modules 10 comprising cells 1 according to the invention having, in section, various shapes such as square, hexagonal or parallelogram ("Flattened hexagon" according to Figure 7C). The arrangement of the cells 1 relative to each other can be carried out so as to obtain an optimal space saving. In addition, advantageously, the internal gas positive electrode 3 may have the same shape in cross-section as that of the cell 1. Furthermore, the invention also provides for the combination of cells 1 of different shapes to arrange them in a similar manner. Advantageously, in a module 10, it is possible to combine octagonal-shaped cells 1c with square-shaped cells 1f, as shown in FIG. 7D.

Furthermore, in a preferred manner, it is also possible to stiffen the interior of the cell 1, that is to say the hollow E of the gas electrode 3 in hollow tubular form, providing for the insertion of a stiffening member 14 having a longiline rigid structure, and preferably made of a material in accordance with the intended applications of the battery pack for incorporating the cell 1, especially in terms of operating temperatures and pressures. By way of example, FIGS. 8A and 8B show, diagrammatically and in perspective, two examples of stiffening pieces 14 making it possible to stiffen the interior of a gas electrode 3 of equilateral triangular shape. In addition, FIGS. 8C and 8D show, in perspective and schematically, two embodiments of stiffening pieces 14 which can be used to stiffen the inside of gas electrodes 3 of circular shape, as will be described later. Such stiffening pieces 14 may in particular be made of molded rigid plastic, and have a length ideally less than or equal to that of the gas electrode 3, with a sufficiently rigid section to accommodate the deformations due to the different modes of operation of the Cell 1, while having a design allowing enough gas to circulate at the gas electrode 3. The stiffening member 14 may also be in the form of a helically shaped spring. a) Equilateral triangular cells stacked in parallel There is shown in Figures 9 to 23 another example of configuration of equilateral triangular cells 1 stacked in parallel. In this configuration, the cells 1 are not electrically connected on the same stage of an assembly module 10, but they are connected in parallel on each column of stacked cells, as can be seen for example in FIGS. 14, 21 or 23. FIG. 9 shows in section an exemplary embodiment of an equilateral triangular cell 1 according to this configuration. As can be seen in this FIG. 9, in order to connect the cells 1 to one another on the same column of an assembly module 10, a male-to-female contact type connection is used between the positive current collectors 5 and between the negative current collectors 4a, 4b or 4c. In particular, the positive gas electrode 3 comprises a male part 3a and a female part 3b, as explained above, and the negative electrode 2a has a male part of 2m and a female part 2n, the male part 3a of the gas electrode 3 and the female part 2n of the negative electrode 2a being located on a first face 1a of the cell 1 and the female part 3b of the gas electrode 3 and the male part 2m of the negative electrode 2a being located on a second face lb of the cell 1, opposite the first face la. In this way it is possible to properly stack the cells 1 on the same column. In addition, advantageously, having all the male portions 3a of a positive pole located opposite all the male parts 2m of a negative pole can provide a non-concircuitable safe connection. Moreover, in this configuration, the electrochemical cores 13 of the cells 1 can be partitioned, in which case there are as many negative terminals as there are negative electrodes 2a. Alternatively, the electrochemical cores 13 may also not be partitioned, in which case a negative current collector, preferably made of copper, may electrically connect the negative electrodes to each other, and a single negative terminal is sufficient for the conduction of the current, the setting in the position of the stack of cells 1 being then guaranteed by the shape of the positive electrode 3. In the present case, the case of a cell 1 having three negative electrodes 2a, 2b and 2c is considered. The negative electrodes 2a, 2b and 2c may be made of a conductive material, preferably copper, the male part 2m being located preferably on the lower surface of the cell 1 and the female part 2n being located on the upper surface of the cell 1, when considering the arrangement of the cell 1 in a column of an assembly module 10. In addition, each negative electrode 2a, 2b and 2c can have different shapes. FIG. 10 represents, in perspective, an example of a cell 1 comprising a first configuration of the negative electrodes 2a, 2b and 2c, and FIG. 10A represents in perspective the detail of such a negative electrode 2a.

As can be seen in these Figures 10 and 10A, each negative electrode 2a, 2b and 2c may be substantially cylindrical in shape, in particular obtained from an extruded rod. Each negative electrode 2a, 2b and 2c may be located at each of the angles 8a, 8b and 8c of the cell 1 in equilateral triangular shape.

Each negative electrode 2a, 2b and 2c may have two parts 16 and 17. In particular, the negative electrode 2a (see FIG. 10A) may comprise a male pin 16, for example machined with a conical contour, and a threaded outer cylinder 17 constituting a female part, preferably threaded externally to be screwed on the cell 1, and pierced in the center. In particular, the threaded outer cylinder 17 may comprise inside a bore 18 to allow the insertion of a male pin 16 of a negative electrode of another cell 1 of the same type. The bore 18 may correspond to a bore whose diameter and length are such that there is contact and thus electrical connection, of the two negative terminals when the male part 16 of a negative electrode of a cell 1 is nested in the female part 17 of another negative electrode of another cell 1 of the same type. On the other hand, a copper washer 15 may be present at the interface between the portions 16 and 17 of the negative electrode 2a, as shown in FIG. 10A. The outer cylindrical surface of the female part 17 may advantageously be in electrical contact with the negative electrode 2a by the negative current collector 4a, made in particular of copper. This contact may in particular be made using the copper washer 15, slid on the surface between the male pin 16 and the female threaded outer cylinder 17, this washer 15 is then remanufactured according to the architecture of the cell 1. The FIGS. 11 and 11A show another embodiment of negative electrodes 2a, 2b and 2c of a cell 1 according to the invention.

In this example, the proposed architecture includes a simple contact between two stacked negative terminals. In particular, as can be seen in FIG. 11A which represents a detail of FIG. 11 showing a negative electrode 2a located at the angle 8a of the cell 1, the negative electrode 2a can be in the form of a cylinder of which a portion 19 extends beyond the first face of the cell 1 to form a male portion 2m, opposite a female portion 2n of the negative electrode 2a, this female portion 2n corresponding to a void space 20 left inside the cell 1. More precisely, when two cells 1 according to the invention and according to the representation of FIG. 11 are interlocked, the male part 19 of one of the cells 1 is in contact with the negative electrode 2a of the other cell 1 when it enters the bore or empty space 20 forming the female portion 2n of the negative electrode 2a, this bore 20 having electrical insulation. FIG. 12 also shows an example of assembly module 10 comprising a stack of cells 1 in the form of a column, such as for example those represented in FIG. 10 or in FIG. 11.

FIG. 13 represents another embodiment of the negative electrodes 2a, 2b and 2c of a cell 1 according to the invention. In this example, the negative electrodes 2a, 2b and 2c are of prismatic shape, preferably obtained from an extruded plate or cut from a conductive material, for example copper. Each negative electrode 2a, 2b and 2c of the equilateral triangular cell 1 can then preferably be located at each of the sides 7a, 7b and 7c of the cell 1. The male parts 2m of the negative electrodes 2a, 2b and 2c, advantageously of the same section that the plate used to form the negative electrodes, may protrude from the lower surface of the cell 1, while the cell 1 has a slot of the same size as the plate, this slot having an electrical insulation and then constituting the complementary female part 2n of each negative electrode 2a, 2b and 2c, to allow the contact and thus the electrical connection between two negative electrodes of two different cells 1 superimposed. The dimensions of each negative electrode 2a, 2b and 2c, in particular in the form of a plate, may be sufficient to allow contact between the male part 2m and the female part 2n of two cells 1 stacked one on the other . FIG. 14 shows an exemplary module 10 comprising a stack in the form of a column of a plurality of cells 1 such as that represented in FIG. 13.

FIGS. 15A, 15B, 16A, 16B and 17 also illustrate the possibility of using a connector 21 in series, intended to be interposed between two cells 1 stacked one on the other to ensure a series connection of the cells 1 FIGS. 15A and 15B respectively show a bottom view and a top view of a first exemplary embodiment of such a connector 21 in series. FIGS. 16A and 16B respectively show a bottom view and a top view of a second exemplary embodiment of such a connector 21 in series. Fig. 17 is a side sectional view of the exemplary embodiment of the serial connector 21 of Figs. 15A and 15B.

Preferably, the shape of the connector 21 is similar to that of the cells 1 which it must electrically connect to be positioned intermediate between the stack of the two cells 1. In one embodiment of the invention, in Referring to Figs. 15A and 15B, the lower surface of the connector 21, in contact with the upper surface of a first lower cell 1 of the cell stack 1, has a shape complementary thereto with male conductive zones 22b. positioning on each of the female negative electrodes of the first lower cell 1 and an electrically isolated female zone 22c positioned on the male positive electrode of the same first lower cell 1, the remainder 23a of the lower surface of the connector 21 being electrically isolated. In the same way, in one embodiment of the invention, the upper surface of the connector 21, in contact with the lower surface of a second upper cell 1, has a complementary shape thereof, with a male conductive zone. 22d being positioned on the positive female electrode of the second upper cell 1 and electrically isolated female zones 23b positioned on each of the male negative electrodes of the same second upper cell 1, the rest 22a of the upper surface of the connector 21 being isolated electrically. The connector 21 of FIGS. 16A and 16B is designed in a manner similar to that of FIGS. 15A and 15B, knowing that it is adapted to negative electrodes 2a, 2b and 2c situated on each side of the cell 1 (cell of the type of 13), whereas the connector 21 of FIGS. 15A and 15E3 is adapted to a cell 1 provided with negative electrodes at the angles of the cell 1 (cell of the type of FIG. 9, 10 or 11). Advantageously, all the conductive regions of the connector 21 are electrically connected to each other by conductive components, for example copper plates, and the electrically insulated surfaces are covered by an insulating material, for example a plastic coating. The chosen materials may in particular be determined according to the conditions of temperature, pressure and electric current for the intended application of the cells 1. Advantageously also, the connector 21 in series may be formed by a copper plate obtained by forging and the parts to be electrically insulated can be covered with a plastic insulator by deposition. Furthermore, as illustrated respectively with reference to FIGS. 18 and 19, it may be possible to use the lower cover 24 and the upper cover 25 of an assembly module 10 for electrically connecting in series or in parallel the columns of cells. 1 between them, according to the needs of the intended application, while ensuring their positioning. The terms "lower" and "higher" are to be understood with respect to the normal orientation of the electrochemical assembly module 10 in use and / or storage. In this embodiment, the lower and upper covers 25 of the assembly module 10 have the outer shape of a cell stage 1. The upper surface of the lower cover 24, in contact with the lower surface of the cells 1 at the bottom column, preferably has hollow male studs 26 whose shape adapts to that of the female portion 3b of the gas electrode 3 of each cell 1 at the bottom of the column. There can thus be advantageously as many hollow male pins 26 as cell columns 1. Similarly, the lower surface of the upper lid 25, in contact with the upper surface of the cells 1 at the top of the column, may ideally have female holes hollow 27 whose shape adapts to that of the male portion 3a of the gas electrode 3 of each cell 1 at the top of the column. It may advantageously have as many hollow female holes 27 as there are columns of cells 1. These male studs 26 and female holes 27 located on the lower and upper lids 24 may ideally be arranged in such a way as to position the columns of cells 1 by their gas electrode 3, these male pins 26 and female holes 27 may ideally be hollow in order to allow the arrival and the flow of gas on each column of cells 1, that is in particular by connecting gas inlet pipes or by ambient contact. Furthermore, the hollow male studs 26 and the female holes 27 may respectively have a shaft and a bore in a conductive material, preferably nickel, in order to allow a continuity of the electrical conduction of the positive terminal of the column in the lids. upper 25 and lower 24 of the assembly module 10, these lids then ideally having a connection adapted to the application envisaged to allow electrical connection of the columns together, whether in series or in parallel. Moreover, an alternative to this architecture, illustrated with reference to FIGS. 20 and 21, may consist in designing negative electrodes in the form of tubular negative terminals opening with cylindrical section 29, each being located at each corner of a cell 1, for connect them vertically from one cell to another on the same column by means of a conductive rod 30 for each negative terminal, as can be seen in FIG. 21. The negative terminals 29 may preferably be similar to those described above, except that they do not have male parts and they are tubular. The conductive rods 30 may be ideally extruded into a conductive material, for example copper, with a diameter corresponding to the bore of the negative terminals 29 for a sliding fit sufficient to provide electrical conduction. The length of the conductive rods 30 may be greater than that of a column of cells 1 and ideally sufficient to be able to insert them into the upper and lower covers of the assembly module 10.

The conductive rods 30 can thus advantageously be integrated in the circuit for connecting the covers, in order to electrically connect each column of cells 1 in parallel or in series according to the needs of the intended application. Each conductive rod 30 can thus participate advantageously in maintaining the position of the cells 1 between them on the same column, while providing a vertical parallel connection between cells 1 and a connection between columns adapted to the needs of the intended application. However, the serial connection here can not be established using a connector 21 in series as described above, and can be ensured only between each column using the top and bottom covers of the module. assembly 10 as described above, these covers being ideally wired for a series connection of the columns according to the needs of the application. Furthermore, another variant of this architecture, illustrated with reference to FIGS. 22 and 23, may also consist in designing negative electrodes 2a, 2b and 2c in the form of negative terminals having at each side 7a, 7b and 7c of the cell 1 equilateral triangle, a prismatic opening hollow portion 31, for connecting vertically from one cell to another on the same column with a conductive plate for each negative terminal. The conductive plates may be advantageously extruded or cut from a conductive material, for example copper, with a solid section corresponding to the hollow form of the negative terminals for a sliding fit sufficient to provide the electrical connection. The length of the conductive plates 31 may be greater than that of a column of cells 1 and ideally sufficient to be able to insert them into the upper and lower covers of the module 10. The conductive plates 31 can thus be advantageously integrated into the circuit for connecting the covers, in order to electrically connect each column of cells 1 in parallel or in series, according to the needs of the intended application. Each conductive plate 31 can therefore participate advantageously in maintaining the position of the cells 1 with each other on the same column, while ensuring a vertical parallel connection between cells 1 and a connection between columns adapted to the needs of the intended application. However, this embodiment of Figures 22 and 23 does not allow the use of a connector 21 in series as described above, and the serial connection can be provided between each column using the upper covers and lower of the module 10 as described above, these covers being preferably wired for a series connection of the columns. Methods of Obtaining Several methods of obtaining for a cell 1, such as one of those described above with reference to FIGS. 9 to 23, may be envisaged. In addition, the processes presented below can also allow, at least partially, obtaining any type of cell 1 according to the invention, for example one or more cells 1 as described later with reference to other architectural geometry configurations. Moreover, for the sake of simplicity, examples of processes for obtaining a lithium-air type cell 1, equilateral sectional triangular shape, and aqueous electrolyte and lithium metal protection membrane, are described below. . Of course, such methods can also be adapted to other types of cells 1 according to the invention, in particular to cells 1 of variable shape in section. A first method consists of producing on the one hand the electrochemical cores 13 and on the other hand the casing 12 of the cell 1, and then assembling them together to form the cell 1 according to the invention. Thus, preferably, the housing and / or the cover of the cell 1 is made of polymer material (for example a polymer chosen from the following types: ABS, reinforced PET, HDPE, PP, PPS, PVDF, PA 6-6 , PMP, Polyimide, Epoxy loaded, inter alia), in particular by injection with the final shape, then if necessary resurfaces the functional surfaces as well as the passage holes of the terminals (threaded or not depending on the variant chosen and the dimensions of the cell 1). In parallel, the negative electrode 2a, 2b or 2c is produced by depositing a lithium metal sheet covered with a protective membrane 11 on the negative current collector 4a, 4b or 4c (a copper foil or one of its alloys) , and then a separator (ideally glass fiber) is deposited. Still in parallel, the positive electrode 3 is made. Several techniques are possible for the production of the positive electrode 3. A first is to use a plate nickel grid, advantageously covered with a GDL layer, in which the blank is cut. a band of width equal to the desired height of the cell 1. Then, the band is folded into three equal flat parts to obtain an equilateral triangular section tube. The two ends of the strip are then welded together to maintain their shape. It is also possible to weld by covering from one end to the other. A second technique for obtaining the positive electrode 3 consists in helically winding a nickel grid strip coated with a GDL layer around an equilateral triangular section mandrel, and welding the edges of the strip between them. , overlay or end to end. Then, the different components of the cell 1 are assembled: the positive electrode 3 is inserted in the center of the housing, then the different electrochemical cores 13 and the negative terminal (s) 2a, 2b, 2c, finally injects the electrolyte 6. Then, to close the cell 1, two methods are possible. In one of the methods, a waterproof material is deposited on the surface of the casing to form a seal (for example of the EPDM or Noryl type, among others), then the lid is placed on top to close cell 1, the cover being placed in position by the positive electrode 3, and the cover is fixed to the housing by plastic deformation (according to the mechanical properties of the material). In the other method, there is deposited a seal between the two surfaces of the housing and the lid that is fixed. Whatever the method used, care must be taken to seal the junction between positive electrode 3 and housing, so that it is preferable to use a waterproof glue. A second method consists in using strips of superposed layers. Thus, preferably, a sheet of material for the housing is superimposed on a sheet of copper or its alloys (or three sheets of equal dimensions and regularly spaced apart in the case of a cell 1 with three partitioned electrochemical cores 13). On this sheet, three sheets of lithium metal of equal dimensions and regularly spaced apart are deposited, each of which is covered with a protective membrane 11, these protective membranes 11 themselves being each covered by a separator, and the whole is covered by a nickel grid strip covered with a GDL layer, this nickel grid projecting slightly over an edge in order to constitute the male 3a and female 3b parts of the positive terminal 3. It then remains to fold into three equal flat panels the cell 1 in order to form an equilateral triangle and first weld the nickel electrode 3 by overlap or end to end, then the copper electrode 2a, 2b or 2c by overlap or end to end, and finally to glue the layer of the housing, by overlap or end to end. If the thickness is sufficiently small, the glue can be used to seal at the upper and lower levels of the cell 1 thus obtained. The second method described above may advantageously be carried out in the length or in the width of a strip, that is to say longitudinally or transversely to the production direction of the assembly line of the cell 1. If the method is carried out in the length of a strip, an electrochemical core 13 is advantageously produced therein in the width of the strip, this width then being equal to the height of the cell 1 to be produced, three electrochemical cores 13 being necessary to realize an equilateral triangular cell. The band length is then equal to three sides of the cell 1. If the method is carried out in the width of a band, three electrochemical cores 13 are advantageously made for an equilateral triangular cell, this band width then being preferably same dimension as the sum of the sides of the cell 1 and the length of the band equal to the height of the cell 1. In one band direction or in the other, the electrochemical cores 13 are advantageously regularly spaced of a dimension D equal at the outer length L on one side of the cell 1 minus the length / of an electrochemical core, in other words D = L-1.

In the case of an equilateral triangular cell 1 whose electrochemical cores 13 are partitioned, it is possible to carry out the first method by using a mold partitioning the electrochemical cores 13 impermeable to the electrolyte 6. The gas electrode 3 is then advantageously carried out in a nickel grid plate from which three equal parts are cut, the dimensions of which are those of the gas electrode 3 of an electrochemical core 13. The three parts are then glued together end to end or by covering so that they do not have electrical conduction between them. The remainder of the process is the same as that described in the first, care is taken to insert as many negative terminals 2a, 2b, 2c as electrochemical cores 13. b) Equilateral triangular cells stacked in series is shown in Figure 24, in section, another example of equilateral triangular cell 1 for a stack configuration of cells 1 in parallel. In this configuration, the cells 1 are not electrically connected on the same stage of an assembly module 10, but connected in series on each column of cells 1 stacked. The parallel connection can only be done at the level of the columns of the cells 1, using the upper covers 25 and lower 24 of the module 10 as described above, for a parallel configuration of the columns. Preferably, in order to connect the cells 1 to one and the same column, a male contact type connection 3a is used at the positive current collector 5, female 3b at the negative current collector 4A, the male part 3a being on one face la of the cell 1 and the complementary female part 3b on the opposite face lb in order to properly stack the cells 1 on the same column. In this configuration, the two positive poles B, and negative poles B_ are preferably located opposite each other in the same cell 1, as can be seen in FIG. 24, for the purpose of a safe connection not shortcircuitable. The positive male terminal 3a and its complementary negative female terminal 3b can have different shapes. Advantageously, these terminals have a longitudinal shape of similar section to that of the positive electrode 3, for the sake of simplicity of architectural geometry. Preferably, the negative electrode 2a is connected to the female part 3b of the central branch of the cell 1 by a negative current collector 4a, thus forming an electrically conductive bore, this bore being separated from the positive electrode 3 by a spacer 32 made of an electrically insulating material. Preferably again, the positive current collector 5 is fitted into the insulating spacer 32, which itself is fitted into the negative current collector 4a. The assembly thus formed circulates the gas in the center of the cell 1, and this from one cell to another, while the cells 1 are stacked vertically and connected in series with each other. Current collectors and their corresponding terminals are made of a conductive material, preferably compatible with the electrodes they connect, in order to be assembled and conduct the current effectively. Thus, the negative terminal 2a and its negative current collector 4a are ideally copper and the positive terminal 3 and its positive current collector 5 are ideally nickel. To produce such a cell 1 according to the configuration of FIG. 24, the electrochemical cores 13 and the housing are produced in a manner similar to the description of the first method described above. The negative current collector 4a is preferably made by sintering, forging or molding, then machining, for example copper or one of its alloys. Insulator 32 is preferably an injected plastic material.

In the first place, the negative current collector 4a, the insulator 32 and the positive current collector 5 are placed and superimposed in the housing. Next, the electrochemical cores 13 are placed and the rest of the process is similar to the first process. previously described.

For cells 1 whose electrochemical cores 13 are partitioned, a negative current collector 4a, 4b, 4c is advantageously made per electrochemical core 13, and they are ideally isolated from each other by the insulator 32. C) Equilateral triangular cells connected to each other. A parallel example of a connection configuration of equilateral triangular cells 1 in parallel on a stage is shown with reference to FIGS. 25 to 31B. In this configuration, all cells 1 are connected to each other on the same floor. Different architecture variants and connections of the cells 1 to each other are proposed on the same floor. A first variant consists of a cell 1 of which each angle 8a, 8b and 8c has a negative terminal B_ on one face 7b and a positive terminal B. on the other side 7a, as partially shown in FIG. place on each of the three sides 7a, 7b and 7c of a cell 1 a positive terminal B., and a negative terminal B_, as shown in FIG. 26. Thus, by contact, all the cells 1 are connected in parallel to one another. floor. In this first variant, the stack of cells 1 in column is possible with setting in position by the central positive electrode 3. However, the conduction of the current can not be done from one floor to another by this means. The female part 3b of the central positive electrode 3 must preferably be covered with an electrically insulating material, for example a plastic whose properties correspond to the temperature and pressure conditions for the intended application. Preferably, the negative electrodes 2a, 2b, 2c of the same cell 1 are all electrically connected to each other, preferably via the current collector. Advantageously, this same collector also connects the negative terminals B_, so that the equilateral triangular cell 1 has only one negative pole. The connection of the internal elements to the negative pole of the cell 1 must not be short-circuited with those of the positive pole. To avoid this, the terminals of a pole are preferably connected to its electrode with the current collector by connecting them by a surface (lower or upper), and the same is done on the opposite surface with the reverse pole. Current collectors and their corresponding terminals are made of a conductive material, preferably compatible with the electrodes they connect, in order to be assembled and conduct the current effectively. Thus, the negative terminal B_ and its negative current collector 4a are ideally copper and the positive terminal E3, and its positive current collector 5 are ideally nickel. FIGS. 27 and 28 illustrate, respectively in section of the lower part and in section of the upper part of the cell 1, an exemplary configuration of such internal connection of a cell 1 with a terminal on each face to each of the angles. In another preferred embodiment, the electrochemical cores 13 of a cell 1 are partitioned. Thus, it is preferable to electrically isolate the negative and positive current collectors 5a from each other.

Advantageously, the positive terminals E3, and negative B_ are positioned so as not to be confused or superimposed. They are preferably positioned in the same place on each of the faces 7a, 7b or 7c, according to a circular repeat of axis parallel to the direction of a column and passing through the center of the cell 1. On the same floor, the contact between at least two cells 1 is made by contacting their terminals, a respective positive terminal E3, or negative B_ of a cell 1 being in contact with a respective positive terminal E3, or negative B_ of an adjacent cell 1. This configuration implies, however, that there are two types of cells 1, one with an alternation of positive terminals E3, and one of negative B_ in one direction, the other type in the other direction, the cells 1 being oriented on the other hand. the configuration of their positive electrode 3 (they are not "returnable"). The contact may be surface (the terminals are flat and in contact), this configuration, however, the risk of inadvertent electrical disconnections in case of vibration, so that it is necessary to make sure to position and fix or wedge the cells 1 in columns , and columns in module 10.

The contact between terminals of different cells 1 can also be made by biconvex contact, each terminal having a convex shape facilitating contact with that of an adjacent cell 1. The contact can also be made by male-female type contact, the male terminal being preferably of convex shape, the female reverse terminal being then ideally concave complementary shape. The protruding forms (males) must not exceed too much of the cell 1, in order not to prevent the stacking of cells 1 on one column while adjoining another, while being sufficiently protruding to facilitate the connection by external contact between cells 1 on the same floor. In a preferred embodiment, the terminals are obtained from a metal plate (copper and its alloys for the negative electrode 2a, nickel for the positive electrode 3), stamped or cut to the right dimensions, then folded to obtain the desired shape, then stamped to obtain the concave or convex shape facilitating the contact between cells 1. The terminal thus obtained is then advantageously attached to the negative electrode 2a or positive 3 by welding, soldering or gluing. In order to electrically connect the cells 1 to the same column in such a configuration, the sides of the module 10 are advantageously used. Thus, at each cell stage 1, there appears on the edge of the module 10 positive terminals E 3 and negative ones B. Preferably , the sides of the module 10 are plates having an electrical circuit with positive and negative terminals of shapes corresponding to those used for the electrical contact of the terminals of the same stage between them. The terminals present on the plates of the module 10 are preferably arranged in front of those of the cells 1. The terminals of a stage are then electrically connected to the module 10 by contacting the terminals. The electrical circuit of the side plates of the module 10 then preferably makes it possible to connect the cell stages 1 to each other, in series or in parallel according to the needs of the application. Flexible plies may also be used in place of the rigid plates for electrical connection to the side surfaces of the module 10 so as to obtain a gain in terms of weight. In a second variant, a negative terminal B_ is located at each angle 8a, 8b, 8c of the equilateral triangular cell 1 and ideally has a female shape. Figs. 29A and 29B illustrate, schematically, examples of such embodiments. The negative terminal B can thus be dovetailed (male or female) or have any other concave or convex shape (for example an open cylinder shape). It can be made of copper or one of its alloys, and ideally obtained by cut and stamped or folded plate. To make a cell 1 according to this configuration, the methods described above are advantageously used, taking care to insert the negative terminals B_ and positive B, in the process, by positioning them correctly according to the desired configuration.

In a preferred embodiment, all the cells 1 of the same stage are connected to each other by the negative terminals B_ by means of extruded rods 35 in a conductive material. The rods 35 advantageously have a section complementary to all the forms of the negative terminals B_ of all the adjacent cells 1, thus being able to be connected to one another (for example of the Maltese cross type, star, clover, among others). Figures 30A-30D schematically illustrate examples of such extruded rods 35. For equilateral triangular cells 1, there is a maximum of six adjacent cells 1 which can be interconnected by a common rod. The positive terminals B +, ideally of shape as defined above, are preferably electrically connected to each other on the same cell stage 1 by two intermediate plates 36a, 36b, 36c or 36d, positioned on either side of the stage of cells 1, said intermediate plates 36a, 36b, 36c or 36d having the same features as the upper and lower covers 24 defined above, each intermediate plate having its lower surface similar to that of the upper cover 25 defined above, and its similar upper surface to that of the lower cover 24 defined above so that the positive electrodes 3 of each cell 1 of a stage can advantageously be placed and maintained in position between two of the intermediate plates 36a, 36b, 36c or 36d while allowing the flow of gas on a column of cells 1 stacked. In this configuration, the lower part of each intermediate plate 36a, 36b, 36c or 36d then preferably has an internal connection such that all the gas electrodes 3 of the same stage are electrically connected to each other. The rods 35 electrically connecting the negative terminals B_ of the cells 1 of a stage ideally have a length slightly greater than the thickness of a cell 1 to advantageously be inserted between two of the intermediate plates 36a, 36b, 36c or 36d so to ensure maintenance in position and connection of the current. Thus, all the cells 1 of a stage are connected in parallel, whereas, according to the intended application, the intermediate plates 36a, 36b, 36c or 36d advantageously connect the cell stages 1 to each other by a series or parallel connection.

The parallel connection between two consecutive lower 37 and higher 38 stages of cells 1 can be done by directly electrically connecting the positive electrodes 3 of the lower stage 37 with those of the upper stage 38. However, in the case of several modules 10 made up of cells 1 connected alternately in series or in parallel, it is advantageous to use intermediate plates 36a and 36b between the stages 37 and 38 of cells 1 in the same module, to connect them in parallel and thus preserve the dimensions for all the modules In this configuration, the rods 35 electrically connecting the negative electrodes of the lower stage 37 are ideally in electrical contact with those of the upper stage 38, while being electrically insulated by an insulator 39 of the positive terminals in the plate. An alternative is to use rods 35 as described above, of length slightly greater than that of a column of cells 1 so that they can fit into the top 25 and lower covers 24 of the module 10, these lids being advantageously as described above. The intermediate plates 36a and 36b are then traversed by the rods 35, the rods 35 being electrically isolated from the positive terminals by an insulator 39, in particular at the intermediate plates 36a and 36b. FIG. 31A illustrates the architecture of such intermediate plates 36a and 36b for a parallel connection of the cells 1. Furthermore, the series connection between two consecutive lower 37 and higher 38 stages of cells 1 is preferably done by electrically connecting at the level of the intermediate plate 36c, 36d the positive electrodes 3 of the lower stage 37 with the rods 35 connecting the negative electrodes of the upper stage 38, the upper surface of the intermediate plate 36c, 36d being electrically insulated by an insulating material 39 for do not short circuit the device with the positive electrodes 3 of the upper stage 38. FIG. 31B illustrates the architecture of such intermediate plates 36c and 36d for a series connection of the cells 1. In a preferred embodiment, the intermediate plates 36a, 36b, 36c and 36d are made of a conductive material (for example selected from conductive metals and their alloys). Advantageously, they are shaped by stamping and pierced to let the connecting rods 35 with sufficient tolerance to allow easy sliding of the rod 35 while ensuring the electrical connection. The parts to be electrically insulated are covered with an insulating material 39, advantageously a plastic. In a third variant, the configuration described above is used, but the negative terminals B_ are replaced at each angle 8a, 8b, 8c by terminals on each side 7a, 7b, 7c, the negative terminals B_ being ideally vertical copper making it possible to bring the negative poles of all the cells 1 of a stage into contact with each other. The positive poles are advantageously electrically connected to each other by means of the intermediate plates 36a, 36b, 36c and 36d in the manner as described above. In this configuration, illustrated in particular in FIG. 32, the positive electrode 3 is a gas electrode situated in the center of the cell 1, advantageously of hollow tubular shape of circular section, and the negative electrode 2a, 2b or 2c is a metal electrode located at each corner 8a, 8b, 8c of the equilateral triangular cell 1 (or polygonal, as illustrated in Figures 34A-34D). In a preferred embodiment, the negative electrode 2a, 2b or 2c has a circular arc shape matching that of the positive electrode 3, in order to have optimal ion transfer during the electrochemical reaction, such as it can be seen in particular in Figure 33 which shows in section a cell 1 of the type of that of Figure 32. There is thus a negative electrode 2a, 2b, 2c at each corner 8a, 8b, 8c of the cell 1, for only one positive 3 central electrode. The negative current collector 4a, 4b, 4c of the negative electrode 2a, 2b, 2c is preferably made of copper and is placed on a sheet of lithium metal. Its shape can vary to suit different configurations of internal architectures and possible connections. All the negative electrodes 2a, 2b, 2c are preferably electrically connected to each other, for example via the current collector 4a, 4b, 4c. The positive electrode 3, and its current collector 5, is preferably a grid or a fine nickel foam of hollow tubular shape of circular section according to the configuration described above. Advantageously, a layer GDL conforming to the shape of the nickel collector 5 is integrated in order to optimize the diffusion of the gas into the electrolyte 6. In a preferred embodiment, the inside of the tube of the gas electrode 3 is stiffened. by inserting a stiffening member 14 as described above with reference to Figures 8C and 8D. Moreover, as described above, several polygonal shapes for the cells 1 are conceivable, so as to arrange them in a modular manner while having an optimal space saving. FIGS. 34A to 34D illustrate, schematically in a view from above, examples of assembly electrochemical modules 10 comprising a plurality of cells 1 whose gas electrode 3 has a circular shape in section. The list of examples of such cell forms 1 is not exhaustive. The shapes are preferably regular polygons with a cylindrical internal positive electrode 3. Thus, the cell 1 may in particular be in the form of a regular hexagon or a square. Cells of different shapes can also be combined to advantageously arrange them in a module 10. Thus, it is possible to combine octagonal 1c and square cells 1f as shown in FIG. 34D. Triangular-type cells may also be provided with rounded concave-shaped sides and their convex complementary shape at each angle, as shown in FIG. 34C.

In this configuration, the positive electrode 3 is a tubular grid of cylindrical section. Thus, it can be obtained in several ways: from a flat grid cut and folded around a mandrel of cylindrical section and welded end-to-end or overlap, or from a strip of grid wound in a manner helical around a mandrel of circular section, then welded end to end or overlap. The negative electrode 2a, 2b, 2c is shaped by folding of a copper foil on which is deposited the lithium metal covered with a protective membrane 11. In a preferred embodiment, the first method described above is repeated. to assemble a cell 1 according to this configuration. Moreover, the examples described with reference to the first configuration with a polygonal gas electrode, in particular an equilateral triangular gas, can be resumed by advantageously replacing the shape of the polygonal gas electrode with a tubular shape of circular section. The different arrangements and internal architectures thus ideally adapt to the gas electrode section 3 described in this configuration, the architecture of the negative electrode 2a, 2b, 2c then adapting according to the configuration described above and illustrated in Figs. 34A-34D. 3rd configuration - Isosceles trapezoidal flat cells for polygonal arrangement In this alternative configuration of the invention, as illustrated in FIGS. 35 to 41, cell 1 is formed by assembling a plurality of sub-cells 40 electrochemical cells defining between them a gas electrode 3 in hollow tubular form inside the cell 1.

Thus, in an alternative version, as shown in FIGS. 35 and 37 for example, three flat prismatic metal-air sub-cells 40 whose outer shape is isosceles trapezoidal are advantageously used to be able to arrange them in such a way as to form a " unitary assembly "of the shape of an equilateral triangle with an internal gas electrode 3 according to the same arrangement as previously described.

As described above, it is possible to envisage other regular polygonal shapes for the arrangement of the sub-cells 40 forming the cell 1, so as to arrange them in a modular manner while having an optimal space saving. The list of examples of such forms of the cells 1 is not exhaustive, and the internal architecture and the arrangements between cells 1 are advantageously compared to their equivalent unitary assembly of equilateral triangular shape as described below. Thus, the cell 1 may in particular be in the form of a regular hexagon, a square, a parallelogram ("flattened hexagon"), among others. It is also possible to combine cells 1 of different shapes in order to advantageously arrange them on a stage in a module 10. Thus, it is possible to combine unitary assemblies of octagonal and square shapes. Preferably, an isosceles trapezoidal prismatic cell is used for each side of the unitary assembly of polygonal shape to be produced, the angles of the isosceles trapezoidal shape being adapted to the desired arrangement of the cells 1 with each other.

Two main arrangements are proposed for three isosceles trapezoidal sub-cells 40 assembled into a unitary assembly of equilateral triangular shape. In a "regular" configuration, as in Figures 35 and 36, the sub-cells 40 are in contact with each other by their lateral face 40a. Thus, each angle of the final polygonal geometry formed by the assembly of these sub-cells 4a consists of two isosceles trapezoidal sub-cells whose angle α is equal to half of that (3 formed by two consecutive sides of the In an "offset" configuration, as in FIGS. 37 and 38, the sub-cells 40 are in contact alternatively by their lateral side 40a and by their small base 40b Thus, each angle of the final polygonal geometry formed by the The assembly of these sub-cells consists of a single isosceles trapezoidal sub-cell whose angle a is equal to that formed by two consecutive sides of the polygon A set of isosceles trapezoidal sub-cells forming an "assembly" unitary of polygonal shape "having the same external shape and properties similar to a cell 1 as described above, these unitary assemblies of polygonal shape can then be to interpose them in the same manner to form stacked stages and columns of cells 1, according to the same shapes and arrangements as previously described. FIGS. 39, 40 and 41 illustrate examples of electrochemical assembly modules 10 in a stage or in a column, comprising a plurality of cells 1 formed by assembling sub-cells 40. To assemble the sub-cells 40 together to form a unitary assembly of polygonal shape, several methods are possible. It is thus possible advantageously to use the different variants of the connections between cells 1 previously developed and apply them to the connections between isosceles trapezoidal sub-cells 40 of the same polygonal unitary assembly. It should be noted, however, that the isosceles trapezoidal sub-cells 40 must also have the same architecture and connection configurations as the equilateral triangular cells 1 previously described in order to connect several polygonal unitary assemblies to each other. It is therefore possible to take advantage advantageously of the examples described above by adapting them to the geometries and architectures described in this configuration. 4th configuration - cylindrical cell with internal gas electrode of hollow circular section There is shown, with reference to FIGS. 42 to 46, another example of cell configuration 1 according to the invention, in which the cell 1 is cylindrical and comprises an electrode internal gas 3 of circular shape in section. In this variant, the cell 1 comprises a single external circular negative electrode 2a.

The internal architecture and the arrangement of such a configuration being substantially equivalent to those of a circular negative electrode 2a located at each corner 8a, 8b, 8c of the triangular equilateral (or polygonal) cell 1 previously described, this configuration will advantageously be close to that of a negative electrode 2a at each corner of the cell 1, and developed in the examples described above.

In this configuration, the cells 1 are therefore of hollow cylindrical shape, with an outer circular negative electrode 2a and an inner positive circular electrode 3, as shown in FIG. 43 in particular. In order to ideally size a cylindrical cell 1 with hollow cylindrical internal gas electrode 3 according to its desired compactness and the thickness of its electrochemical core 13, the following relationships are used: d - 2xex (- <1 1 comp i `- D-2xe-Ed where: - d represents the diameter of the internal gas electrode 3, - D represents the diameter of the cell 1, - e represents the thickness of the electrochemical heart 13, and - comp is the compactness of the cell 1.

In a preferred embodiment, it is also possible to stiffen the inside of the tube of the gas electrode 3 by inserting a stiffening member 14 as described above. Furthermore, according to this configuration, the internal architecture allows the cells 1 to be stacked for a serial connection. One can then consider several solutions, including a positive terminal B, on the upper part and a negative terminal B_ on the lower part for a stack in series, as can be seen in Figure 44. The architecture can also adapt to be able to place the cell 1 on a tubular support of the same external section as the internal electrode 3, by inserting for example elements 41 such as tabs, grooves or striations, helical or elongated, to fit while letting the gas circulate. It is thus possible to integrate the cell 1 at the heart of the architecture of a system, for example directly on the transmission shaft of an engine (in the case of an air electrode, the wind speed would allow a circulation of passively dynamic air), or any other rod 42, conductive or not, a rotation mechanism (windmill, wind turbine, vehicle wheel, pump, among others). Figures 45 and 46 illustrate examples, in section, of such embodiments. In such a configuration, there is then no need to use an additional piece 14 to stiffen the inside of the tube of the gas electrode 3, the rod 42 contributing of itself to this function. It is also advantageous to place such a cylindrical cell 1 in a hexagonal or polygonal box such as that described in the patent application EP 2,022,110 A1 to arrange such cells together in a modular manner in a battery pack. In addition, to design the cell 1 described in this configuration, several methods are possible. A first is to realize the housing and the lid according to the same method as the first method described above. At the same time, the positive electrode 3 is produced according to the same method as that described in the second configuration, to which strips of insulating material (for example a plastic) can be added, glued to facilitate guiding in case of arrangement of the cell 1 on a tubular support as described above. The negative electrode 2a is connected by butt welding or overlap on itself to obtain the cylindrical shape, the separator being directed inwards. Then, as for the first method described above in the first configuration, the negative electrode 2a, the separator and the positive electrode 3 are slid into the housing, the electrolyte 6 is injected and the lid is closed with to seal. A second method consists of producing cell 1 in one pass with a coextrusion process. Thus, all of the components of the cell 1 are co-extruded at once, namely, from the inside to the outside: the positive electrode 3 (GDL layer and nickel grid), the separator, the negative electrode 2a (protective membrane 11, lithium metal and copper collector 4a), and the housing. Then, the electrolyte 6 is injected. If the thickness of the cell 1 is sufficiently thin, a dash of glue on the upper surface and on the lower surface is sufficient to ensure the tightness of the cell 1. Otherwise, one adds an upper cover 25 and a lower cover 24 to ensure the sealing of the cell 1. Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments which have just been described. Various modifications may be made by the skilled person. In particular, the present invention is also concerned with the various additional components which are to be envisaged for the implementation thereof, and in particular for the connection, setting and holding in position of the cells 1 in an assembly module 10 and the flow of gas to the gas electrode 3 of hollow tubular shape, as well as by the processes for obtaining such elements. In addition, by way of example, all the characteristics described with reference to an electrochemical cell 1 comprising an equilateral triangular gas electrode 3 also apply to an electrochemical cell 1 comprising a gas electrode 3 of circular shape. , and vice versa.

The expression "having one" shall be understood as being synonymous with "having at least one", unless the opposite is specified.

Claims (29)

REVENDICATIONS1. Elementary electrochemical cell (1) with a gas electrode, intended to be integrated within an electrochemical assembly module (10) of a battery pack, comprising: - at least one negative electrode (2a, 2b, 2c) and a positive electrode (3), one of said at least one negative electrode (2a, 2b, 2c) and a positive electrode (3) being a gas electrode, - at least one negative current collector (4a, 4b, 4c ) and a positive current collector (5) respectively associated with said at least one negative electrode (2a, 2b, 2c) and a positive electrode (3), - at least one electrolyte (6) located between said at least one negative electrode (2a, 2b, 2c) and a positive electrode (3), characterized in that the gas electrode is in hollow tubular form inside the cell (1). 2. Cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas electrode is constituted by the positive electrode (3). 3. Cell according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cell (1) has substantially, in section, a polygonal shape. 4. Cell according to claim 3, characterized in that the cell (1) has substantially, in section, an equilateral triangle shape. 5. Cell according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the cell (1) comprises a plurality of negative electrodes (2a, 2b, 2c), in particular three, associated with a positive electrode (3), the positive electrode (3) being the gas electrode. 6. Cell according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the cell (1) has a plurality of sides (7a, 7b, 7c), in particular three, on each of which is located a negative electrode (2a, 2b, 2c ). 7. Cell according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the cell (1) has a plurality of angles (8a, 8b, 8c), in particular three, on each of which is located a negative electrode (2a, 2b, 2c ). 8. Cell according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the negative terminals (B_) of the cell (1) are not electrically connected to each other, and in that the positive terminals (8+) of the cell (1) are not electrically interconnected, so as to partition each electrochemical core (13) of the cell (1). 9. Cell according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that all the negative terminals (B_) of the cell (1) are electrically connected to each other, and in that all the positive terminals (8+) of the cell (1) are electrically interconnected so as to have no compartmentalization of the electrochemical cores (13). 10. Cell according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 5 to 9, characterized in that the gas electrode (3) has substantially, in section, a circular shape. 11. Cell according to claim 10, characterized in that the cell (1) comprises a plurality of negative electrodes (2a, 2b, 2c), in particular three, associated with a positive electrode (3), the positive electrode (3) being gas electrode, and in that each negative electrode (2a, 2b, 2c) has substantially, in section, a circular arc shape at least partially matching the circular shape of the gas electrode (3). 12. Cell according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cell (1) has substantially a cylindrical shape. 13. Cell according to claim 12, characterized in that the cell (1) has substantially, in section, a circular shape. Cell according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cell (1) is formed by the assembly of a plurality of elementary electrochemical sub-cells (40) defining between them a gas electrode ( 3) being in hollow tubular form inside the cell (1). 15. The cell of claim 14, characterized in that the plurality of sub-cells (40) comprises flat prismatic sub-cells, having in particular in section a trapezoidal shape, in particular isosceles. A cell according to claim 15, characterized in that the plurality of sub-cells (40) comprises flat prismatic sub-cells of trapezoidal cross-sectional shape, and in that the sub-cells are assembled together in a regular configuration. wherein the sub-cells are in contact with each other by their side face (40a). A cell according to claim 15, characterized in that the plurality of sub-cells (40) comprise flat prismatic sub-cells of trapezoidal cross-sectional shape, and in that the sub-cells are assembled together in an offset configuration. wherein the sub-cells are in contact alternately by their lateral side (40a) and by their small base (40b). 18. Cell according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas electrode (3) and the cell (1) have substantially, in section, the same shape. 19. Cell according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas electrode (3) comprises a male part (3a) extending from a first face (1a) of the cell (1) and a part female (3b), complementary to the male part (3a), formed on a second face (1b) of the cell (1) opposite the first face (1a), the male (3a) and female (3b) parts of the gas electrode (3) respectively allowing a stack of the cell (1) with the female and male parts of the gas electrode of another cell of the same type. 20. Cell according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said at least one negative electrode (2) comprises a male portion (2m) extending from a first face (1a) of the cell (1) and a female part (2n), complementary to the male part (2m), formed on a second face (lb) of the cell (1) opposite to the first face (1a), the male (2m) and female (2n) parts of said at least one negative electrode (2) respectively allowing a stack of the cell (1) with the female and male parts of said at least one negative electrode (2) of another cell of the same type. 21. Cell according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cell (1) comprises a stiffening piece (14) located in the hollow space (E) of the gas electrode (3) in tubular form. dig. 22. Electrochemical assembly module (10) of a battery pack, characterized in that it comprises an assembly of several cells (1) according to any one of the preceding claims. 23. Module according to claim 22, characterized in that all the cells (1) have substantially, in section, the same shape. 24. Module according to claim 22, characterized in that at least a first portion (1e) of the cells (1) has substantially, in section, the same first form, and in that at least a second portion (1f) cells (1) has substantially, in section, the same second form, different from the first form, the cells (1) of said at least one second part (1f) being positioned between the cells of said at least a first part (1e) in a juxtaposed way. 25. Module according to one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that at least one serial connector (21) is interposed between two consecutive cells (1), so as to allow a series connection of the cells (1). . 26. Module according to any one of claims 22 to 25, characterized in that each cell (1) is of polygonal geometry, and comprises at each angle (8a, 8b, 8c) a negative terminal (B_) on one face ( 7a, 7b, 7c) and a positive terminal (8+) on the other face (7a, 7b, 7c) of the angle. 27. Module according to any one of claims 22 to 25, characterized in that the cells (1) are connected together by means of connecting rods (35), able to fit into corresponding housings of the cells. (1). 28. Module according to any one of claims 22 to 25, characterized in that the cells (1) are connected together, in parallel or in series, by means of intermediate plates (36a, 36b, 36c, 36d). interposed between stages (37, 38) of cells (1). 29. Battery pack, characterized in that it comprises an assembly of several electrochemical modules (10) according to any one of claims 22 to 28. 25