FR3012366A1 - METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AN IDENTITY DOCUMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of manufacturing an identity document (DI1) having a three-dimensional security element (ES), the method comprising: - acquiring spatial coordinates; the determination, by calculation from spatial coordinates, of a surface model; and forming a three-dimensional security element (ES) having a non-planar surface (12) conforming to said surface model, said surface (12) of the security element (ES) being configured to enable verification of the security authenticity of said document.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to identity documents such as passports or identity cards and relates more particularly to the manufacture in such documents of a three-dimensional security element for verifying the authenticity of said document. In this document, "identity document" means any document containing information making it possible to more or less securely identify the bearer of the document. This identity information physically appears on the body of the document so as to be visually verifiable by a person or a control machine. In addition to the identity information visually accessible on the body of the identity document, it is possible to store identity information in a memory contained in the body of the identity document (in a chip for example), this information being, if necessary, accessible. electronically by means adapted to verify the identity of the person concerned. The most common identity documents are passports and identity cards, which also covers cards and other media (USB sticks, tokens, etc.). Identity documents include, for example, a photo and / or the names of the individual concerned (bank cards, loyalty cards, etc.). In known manner, the current identity documents may include security elements of different types for later verification of the authenticity of the document. The very nature of these documents generally requires a high level of security in order to prevent any possible falsifications by intentional males. A common forgery technique consists in altering an authentic identity document associated with a legitimate person in order to identify on the document a third person (not legitimate) in place of the legitimate person. To do this, a practice is to scratch the surface of the identity document in order to eliminate the elements identifying the legitimate person (registration of civil status, photos ...) and to affix in place and place information on a third party.

Document US 2010 0060944 A1 for example discloses a technique for securing identity documents such as identity cards or passports. This technique provides in particular to apply a plurality of security elements in different layers of the thickness of the document, each of these elements comprising a hidden Fourier image (or pattern) and printed by a rotogravure printing process. This technique, however, requires special manufacturing means that the manufacturers concerned do not necessarily have in their possession. In addition, the technique proposed in the document US 2010 0060944 A1 does not always provide satisfactory results in terms of securing identity documents. Today, there is a need for a new solution that makes it possible to efficiently and reproducibly secure identity documents in order to prevent or thwart any possible falsifications by a malicious third party. It is also necessary to be able to easily and reliably control the authenticity of the identity document from this new type of security element. OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION To this end, the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an identity document comprising a three-dimensional security element, the method comprising: acquiring spatial coordinates; determining, by calculation from spatial coordinates, a surface model; and forming a three-dimensional security element having a non-planar surface conforming to the surface model, the surface of the security element being configured to enable verification of the authenticity of said document. The three-dimensional security element can be formed in or on the body of the identity document.

The formation of a three-dimensional security element according to the invention makes it possible to significantly increase the complexity of manufacturing the identity document, which makes falsification or reproduction more difficult for an unauthorized person. According to a particular embodiment, the method comprises, during or after the formation of the security element, producing an image on at least a part of the surface of the security element. The image may have different aspects and be made according to any appropriate technique depending in particular on the material of the identity document. The image may be any graphic pattern allowing verification of the authenticity of said document.

The imaging may comprise at least one of: laser carbonization of the security element to form at least a portion of the image; and printing at least a portion of the image on the security element. At least one of the two above techniques can thus be used to make the image.

According to a particular embodiment, the method comprises the retrieval of data relating to colors respectively associated with the spatial coordinates, in which, during the production of the image, each pixel of the image is produced in a color or a level of gray which is determined from the position of said pixel on the surface of the security element in combination with said data. According to a particular embodiment, the forming step comprises removing material in a portion of material so as to form the surface of the security element. According to a particular embodiment, said portion of material is independent of the body of the identity document during the removal of material, the method further comprising, after said removal of material, assembling said portion of material to the body of the document identity. It is thus possible to manufacture separately the security element and the body of the identity document. For example, these two parts can be manufactured in different places and / or at different times for later assembly. Alternatively, said portion of material may be an integral portion of the body of the identity document at the time of the material removal step. According to a particular embodiment, the step of forming the security element comprises adding material to a portion of material. This portion of material may be an integral part of the body of the identity document or, alternatively, be independent of the body of the identity document at the time of formation of the non-planar surface. It is also possible to form the non-planar surface by performing both an addition of material and a removal of material. According to a particular embodiment, during the addition of material, elements of materials having different colors are added to the surface of said security element. It is thus possible to make an image at the level of the non-planar surface of the security element.

According to a particular embodiment, the method comprises, after forming the security element, the bonding of a transparent layer on at least a part of the body of the identity document so as to cover the security element. This transparent layer may comprise on its bonding face a shape complementary to that of the portion of the security element located vis-a-vis.

According to a particular embodiment, the method comprises the formation of a cavity in the body of the identity document prior to the formation of the security element. The addition of material is for example made in the cavity. The provision of the security element in the cavity provided for this purpose advantageously improves the mechanical strength of the security element. According to a particular embodiment, the step of acquiring the spatial coordinates comprises the digital capture of an object from which the spatial coordinates are generated, the digital capture being carried out in one of the following ways: acquisition of several photos of the object in different directions; - by scanning the object by means of a laser; and - by transmitting / receiving radio waves. Correlatively, the invention relates to an identity document made according to a manufacturing method as defined above, this identity document comprising a three-dimensional security element formed in or on the body of said document, the security element comprising a non-planar surface. enabling authentication of said document. According to a particular embodiment, the non-planar surface of the security element comprises a representation linked to the carrier of the identity document or to the issuer of the identity document. This representation is for example related to the physical of said wearer.

According to a particular embodiment, the identity document comprises an image printed on the non-planar surface of the security element. The present invention further relates to a three-dimensional printing device comprising means for forming, in or on the body of an identity document, a three-dimensional security element comprising a non-planar surface configured to enable verification of authenticity. said document. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other features and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the description given below, with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate an embodiment having no limiting character. In the figures: FIG. 1 schematically represents an acquisition system according to a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 is a sectional view schematically showing a set of points or spatial coordinates obtained according to the first embodiment of the invention; Fig. 3 is a sectional view schematically showing a surface model obtained according to the first embodiment of the invention; Figure 4 is a sectional view schematically showing the body of an identity document according to the first embodiment of the invention; Fig. 5 is a sectional view schematically showing the formation of a security element in the body of the identity document of Fig. 4 according to the first embodiment; FIG. 6 schematically represents an exemplary embodiment of an image on the security element of FIG. 5; Figures 7A and 7B are sectional views schematically showing the assembly of a protective layer covering the security element; FIG. 8 is a top view showing an exemplary embodiment of an identity card in which the three-dimensional security element takes the shape of the face of the identity card holder, an image of this same face being in further realized on the surface of this security element; Fig. 9 is a flow chart showing the main steps (E2-E12) of a manufacturing method according to the first embodiment of the invention; FIGS. 10A, 10B and 10C are sectional views schematically showing a variant according to which the security element is produced independently of the body of the identity document and then assembled therewith; Figure 11 is a sectional view schematically showing an alternative embodiment in which material is added to the body of an identity document to form the security element; Fig. 12 is a variant of Fig. 11 in which different color elements are added at the surface to form an image at the non-planar surface of the security element; Figures 13A and 13B show schematically the assembly of a protective layer according to a particular embodiment of the invention; Figs. 14A and 14B are sectional views schematically showing another alternative embodiment in which a portion of material is added to the body of the identity document and then worked to form by material removal the non-planar surface of the security element. ; and Figures 15 and 16 schematically show a method of verifying the authenticity of an identity document according to a particular embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL EMBODIMENTS As indicated above, the present invention relates to identity documents such as passports or identity cards and relates more particularly to the manufacture in such documents of a three-dimensional security element making it possible to verify the authenticity of the said document. In the rest of this document, examples of implementation of the invention are described in the context of the pre-personalization and personalization of an identity card. As indicated in more detail later, it will be understood, however, that the invention does not apply exclusively to a pre-personalization step and / or a customization step but can be implemented in the context of a production any. In addition, the invention does not apply exclusively to an identity card but more generally relates to the identity documents whose definition has been recalled previously. FIG. 1 represents, schematically, an acquisition system 1 comprising a terminal T1 and means 4 for digital capture of a three-dimensional object 2. In this example, the three-dimensional object 2 whose capture is made is the face of an individual (eg that of the holder of the future identity card 10 described later). As indicated in more detail later, the three-dimensional object 2 may, however, be any object forming a determined volume. The acquisition system 1 is capable of digitally capturing the surface or the volume of part or the whole of the face 2. To do this, the terminal T1 has for example a conventional hardware architecture of a computer. so that it comprises in particular the following components (not shown in the figure): a processor, memories, a man / machine interface for interacting with a user and a communication interface for interacting with the digital capture means. In this exemplary embodiment, the terminal T1 comprises a memory 5 of the ROM or nonvolatile rewritable type (eg EEPROM) in which a computer program P1 is stored, the latter comprising instructions for executing at least certain steps. of the manufacturing method of the invention. The digital capture means 4 comprise for example a shooting device (such as a camera or a camera for example) allowing the acquisition of photos of the object 2 according to different points of view (eg according to 35 different angles of view). Alternatively, these capture means 4 may comprise a device for scanning the object by means of a laser for example, or else an ultrasound device capable of transmitting and receiving radio waves. More generally, the digital capture means 4 are capable of digitally capturing the 3D profile (ie the three-dimensional surface) of the object 2 concerned or, alternatively, the volume defined by the object 2. A method of forming a document Identity 10 (an identity card in the present case) according to a first particular embodiment of the invention is now described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 9. As already indicated, FIG. 9 is a flowchart representing the main steps (E2 to E12) of a manufacturing method according to this first embodiment. Note that, in this document, unless otherwise indicated, elements common to two distinct embodiments have the same reference numbers and have identical characteristics so that they are not again described for the sake of simplicity.

During a step E2, the terminal T1 cooperates with the capture means 4 in order to capture points representative of the physical aspect (of the shape) of the object 2. The terminal T1 thus acquires (E2 ) spatial coordinates 6 corresponding to each of these points (Figure 2). These spatial coordinates 6 are here defined according to a 3D reference (not shown) and together define a 3D profile or a volume representative of the external appearance of the object 2. Note that Figure 2 is a sectional view showing the points acquisition obtained according to the face profile illustrated by simplicity in 2D in Figure 1. It is however understood that points are obtained in a space in 3 dimensions. From the spatial coordinates 6 obtained, the terminal T1 determines by calculation (E4) a surface model 8 (FIG. 3). This surface model defines the contours of a surface passing through the spatial coordinates 6. The calculation E4 of this surface model is produced by means of an algorithm whose nature is well known to those skilled in the art, so that the specifications of this algorithm will not be described in detail in this document. This calculation E4 makes it possible to define the outlines of a surface from the experimental points recorded by the capture means 4. Typically, the spatial coordinates indicate in particular the remarkable points of the object 2 (eg the points characterizing extremities or changes steep angles such as points marking the tip of the nose or the edges of the mouth of the face 2 for example). In a particular embodiment, the surface model 8 is for example calculated so as to form a rectilinear segment between each of the points adjacent to each other. Alternatively, the surface model 8 can be calculated to form a smoothing between these points (a combination of these two approaches being possible). Other ways of forming such a surface model are, however, conceivable within the scope of the invention. The calculation E4 thus makes it possible to digitize the physical aspect of an object 2 from a certain number of point records.

Moreover, according to an alternative embodiment, the acquisition system 1 does not necessarily include digital capture means 4. On the other hand, this particular acquisition system is able to receive spatial coordinates from outside (in the form of of a file containing these coordinates for example) and to perform step E4 from the spatial coordinates received.

Then, in or on the body 10 of an identity document DI1, a three-dimensional security element ES is formed comprising a non-planar (or three-dimensional) surface 12 conforming to the previously calculated surface model 8 (FIG. 5). In this exemplary embodiment, the body 10 of the identity document DM consists of a layer (or substrate) of constant thickness e presenting, for example, a format of an identity card or a bank card (conforming, for example, to the ISO 7816 format ) (Figure 4). The thickness e1 of the identity document Da is, for example, at least 500 μm (e.g. between 500 μm and 2 mm). The body 10 of the identity document may comprise one or more layers formed in identical or different materials. The body 10 is for example formed mainly of plastic (e.g. PVC) or polycarbonate. As explained in detail later, there are various ways to form the security element ES in the body of the identity document DI1. In this first example, the non-planar surface 12 is formed by removal of material by means of a suitable technique such as milling or laser ablation for example.

In addition, in this embodiment, the material is removed directly in the thickness (or mass) of the body 10 of the identity document DIl. Here a cavity 14 is formed in the body 10, the bottom of this cavity comprising the non-planar surface 12. In a particular example, the thickness e2 of the security element ES is at least one third of the thickness and the body 10 of the identity document, advantageously at least half the thickness el. The surface 12 thus produced passes through a certain number of points (or positions) 16 respectively corresponding to the spatial coordinates 6 from which the surface model 8 has been calculated. Typically, the surface 12 can be made identically or according to a factor reduction (or enlargement) vis-à-vis the surface model 8.

Finally, a determined shape 12 is formed from the surface model 8. The non-planar surface 12 is here representative of the spatial coordinates 6 acquired in step E2 and thus reflects the physical appearance of the object 2 considered. In this example, the form 12 represents at least a portion of a face.

More generally, the non-planar surface 12 delimits a volume that is characteristic of the security element 12. This flat surface 12 is such that it can allow the subsequent authentication of the identity document DI1. The shape of this non-planar surface 12 is preferably unique in order to be able to authenticate the identity document more easily.

The non-planar surface 12 may comprise a representation linked, for example, to the bearer of the identity document DI1 or to the issuer of the identity document DI1. In the case where the identity document DI1 is a bank card, the issuer is for example a banking establishment and the non-planar surface 12 represents a characteristic element of this banking establishment, such as the representation of a building or a logo. . In the case where the identity document DI1 is an identity card or a passport, the issuer is for example the State whose carrier is the citizen and the non-planar surface 12 is for example representative of the country concerned (the topography of the territory in question etc.). In all cases, the non-planar surface 12 may represent a face, for example that of the wearer to whom said identity document 10 is intended.

The formation of a three-dimensional security element in or on the body of the identity document makes it possible to significantly increase the complexity of manufacturing the identity document, which makes the falsification or the reproduction more difficult for an unauthorized person. The formation of this security element can be carried out during the pre-personalization or the personalization of the identity document for example. According to an exemplary application, a customs officer is thus able to compare the shape of the face represented by the security element ES with the actual face of the identity document holder DI1 and to deduce whether the document DI1 is authentic or not. . In a particular embodiment, the manufacturing process continues by producing (E8) an image 17 on at least a portion of the non-planar surface 12 of the security element ES. The addition of this image 17 makes it possible to further increase the complexity of the security element ES in order to further impede the falsification or reproduction of the identity document 10. The image 17 can be any graphic pattern (or set of patterns graphs) allowing verification of the authenticity of the said document.

This image 17 can be realized in different ways. According to a first exemplary embodiment, this image 17 is produced by printing (in color or greyscale) on the non-planar surface 12 of the security element ES by means of a suitable printing device 40 such as a inkjet printer for example. The image 17 here comprises a plurality of image pixels 18, each of which here is formed by an ink charge applied by the printing device (FIG. 6). A particular calculation makes it possible, for example, to determine, from a 2D image and the 3D relief of the non-planar surface 12, how to modify this image in order to apply it to the 3D relief so as to obtain the image rendering wish. This type of calculation is known to those skilled in the art, it is not described in detail in this document. According to a second example, the image 17 is not printed but made by laser carbonization of the security element ES. The application of a laser beam thus makes it possible to create gray levels of various shades in the thickness of the security element ES itself. In this case, the security element is for example formed of polycarbonate to facilitate the production of the image. In a particular embodiment, the manufacturing method further comprises the recovery of DT data relating to colors respectively associated with the different spatial coordinates 6. This DT data can for example be recovered using the digital capture means 4 or from outside (eg in a file which also contains the surface or volume information of the object 2). These DT data thus provide information on the colors to be associated with each position 16 of the non-planar surface 12. In this case, the image 17 is made so that each pixel 18 of the image is made (eg by printing or by carbonization laser) in a color or gray level which is determined from both the position of the pixel 18 on the non-planar surface 12 and the recovered DT data. According to a preferred embodiment, the image 17 thus produced represents graphic elements complementary to the shapes (or reliefs) of the non-planar surface 12 of the security element ES. In the case where the non-planar surface 12 has the shape of a face conforming to the object 2, for example, the image 17 can represent the corresponding face so that each remarkable graphic element of the image (eyes, nose , mouths ...) is positioned in alignment with the part of the corresponding non-planar surface 12 (as represented for example in FIG. 8). To do this, it is necessary to configure the image production so that the image coincides in position with the corresponding elements of the non-planar surface 12 (eg by means of position marks arranged on the identity document when of the realization of the image). This preferred embodiment is advantageous in that it makes it easy to check whether the identity document 10 is authentic. Indeed, if the image 17 reproduced on the surface does not visually correspond to the underlying shape of the non-planar surface 12 or if there is a positional offset between the image 17 and the underlying non-planar surface 17 it can be deduced that the identity document in question is not authentic. If, for example, the image 17 is fraudulently modified on an authentic identity document (for example to place the photo of a third person in place of the photo of the legitimate person), there will be no more correspondence between the image 17 and the underlying 3D form of the security element ES so that it will be possible to deduce that the identity document is not authentic. The overlapping coincidence of the image on the 3D relief thus makes it possible to significantly increase the difficulty for a third person to falsify or reproduce said document. In the course of a step E10, a protective layer 20 (or film) 20, rigid or flexible as required, is affixed to the surface of the body of the identity document 10 so as to cover at least part of the security element ES (and possibly all or part of the upper surface of the identity document 10). The image 17 mentioned above can optionally be made in 2D in the film (before or after assembly with the body of the identity document 10). The layer 20 is attached to the body of the identity document appropriately, for example by gluing or melting.

In this example, the layer 20 is transparent on at least the portion facing the safety element ES so that it is possible to visually check the shape of the non-planar surface 12 and, if appropriate, the appearance of the image 17 when it is performed on the security element ES. In this example, the layer 20 comprises, for example, a portion of material 23 aligned with the security element ES, this portion of material 23 allowing the light 22 to pass into the visible. The film 20 may be in direct contact with the non-planar surface 12 of the security element ES or spaced therefrom as shown for example in FIG. 7A. According to another variant shown in Figure 7B, the cavity 14 is filled with a translucent or transparent material 24, such as a varnish or a suitable resin for example. It is also conceivable to make the image 17 in the material 24 (in the resin for example). The application of the layer 20 or the material 24 makes it possible to protect the 3D form of the security element ES while allowing the visual observation to authenticate the identity document when necessary. Although this is not mandatory, the manufacturing method further comprises in this embodiment the storage (E12), in a memory 25 contained for example in the body 10 of the identity document DI1, of data ID making it possible to check later. the authenticity of the document (Figures 7A and 7B). These data include information relating to the shape of the 3D surface (relative to the surface model 8 used for example) and possibly to the colors associated with the different pixels 18 of the image 17. It is thus possible later to compare the 3D profile. real non-planar surface 12 with the recovered ID data and to deduce if the identity document DI1 is authentic. The ID data may be an identifier or the topography information itself. The storage of this data is for example carried out by means of the terminal T1 provided with a communication interface for communicating with a microcircuit disposed in the body 10 and having the memory 25 in question. In the embodiment and variants described above with reference to Figures 1 to 9, the non-planar surface 12 is formed by removal of material directly in the mass of the body 10 of the identity document DI1. According to an alternative shown in FIGS. 10A to 10C, this non-planar surface 12 is formed by material removal in a material portion 32 independent of the body 10 of the identity document DI1 (FIG. 10A). After formation of the non-planar surface 10, the portion of material 32 comprising the security element ES is assembled with the body 10 of the identity document DI1 (FIG. 10C). Preferably, this portion of material comprising the security element ES is fixed in a cavity 36 (or housing) previously provided for this purpose in the body 10 of the identity document DI1. The arrangement of the portion of material 32 in the cavity 36 provides a better mechanical strength of the security element ES in the body 10 of the identity document DI1. The cavity is preferably configured to conform to the shapes of the material portion 32. The assembly of the portion of material 32 with the body 10 can be made by gluing (by means of an adhesive 37 for example), by fusion or by mechanical assembly (eg mortise and tenon assembly). It is thus possible to separately manufacture the security element ES and the body 35 of the identity document DI1. For example, these two parts can be manufactured in different places and / or at different times. This variant embodiment therefore offers a greater flexibility in the way the identity document is produced. In the embodiments and variants described above, the non-planar surface 12 is made by removal of material. According to an alternative, the non-planar surface 12 is made by adding material. The manufacturing process combining the removal and addition of material is also possible within the scope of the invention. As described hereinafter, there are various ways of making such an addition of material. To achieve this addition of material, one can use a three-dimensional printing device according to the invention, this device comprising means for forming, in or on the body of the identity document, the three-dimensional security element comprising in particular the non-planar surface configured to allow verification of the authenticity of said document. As represented in FIG. 11, the portion of material 50 is deposited and fixed on the body 10 of an identity document noted here D12. This portion of material 50 has on the surface the non-planar surface 12 of the security element. In this particular case, the portion of material 50 is made by adding successive layers CO1 to COn (collectively referred to as CO), where n is a non-zero integer. The realization in successive layers, however, is only one embodiment of the addition of material. Alternatively, the addition of material 50 can be carried out on a portion of material independent of the body 10, this independent portion then being integrated into the body 10 in a similar manner to the embodiment described with reference to Figures 10A, 10B and 10C. In a particular embodiment shown in FIG. 12, at least some parts or elements of the successive layers CO are colored (e.g. the parts PA, PB, PC, PD and PE). In particular, elements of materials having different colors may be added at the surface so as to produce a specific image (analogous, for example, to the image 17 previously described) at the level of the non-planar surface 12. In a similar way to FIG. 7A, 13A and 13B show schematically in sectional view an alternative embodiment in which is fixed (by gluing or melting for example) a protective layer 52 on the body 10 of the identity document so as to cover the non-planar surface 12. This layer 52 is preferably transparent at least in the region opposite the security element. Advantageously, the layer 52 comprises on its bonding face, a shape 54 complementary to that of the portion of the security element located opposite (the entire non-planar surface 12 in the case shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B, the complementary shape may be produced by the same method as that used to produce the non-planar surface 12. According to an alternative embodiment shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B, a portion of material 60 is assembled to the body 10 of the identity document DI3 then a material removal is performed on this portion of material 60 to form the non-planar surface 12 (the reverse order of execution is also possible) A person skilled in the art will understand that the embodiments and variants described above These are only non-limiting examples of implementation of the invention, in particular the person skilled in the art may consider any combination of variants and modes of realization. ion described above to meet a particular need. As explained above, the inclusion of a three-dimensional security element in an identity document advantageously makes it possible to hinder or prevent the falsification or unauthorized reproduction of identity documents.

In order to verify the authenticity of an identity document according to the invention, a first method provides for visually checking the appearance of the security element and for comparing it with a reference element in order to determine whether the two correspond to the security element. one with the other. This reference element may for example be the visual appearance of the face of the identity document holder or data relating to the theoretical 3D profile that the security element should present. Figures 15 and 16 show an embodiment of the authentication method according to the invention. This authentication is for example carried out on the identity document DI1 previously described, using a terminal T2 having a hardware architecture identical to that of the terminal T1 of FIG. 1. The terminal T2 comprises in particular a memory 62 in which is storing a computer program P2 including instructions for performing at least some steps of the authentication method of the invention. According to this exemplary embodiment, the terminal T2 cooperates with digital capture means 65 to obtain (E20) DN1 data representative of the real 3D profile of the non-planar surface 12 of the security element ES. The terminal T2 also receives (E22) data DN2 representative of the theoretical 3D profile that the non-planar surface 12 should have if the identity document DI1 is authentic (this recovery E22 can be done before, during or after E20). In a particular example, these data DN2 are retrieved from the ID data stored in the memory 25 of the identity document DI1. To do this, the terminal cooperates with reading means (not shown) to consult the memory 25 of the identity document DI1. The DN2 data can be the ID data itself. Alternatively, the terminal is able to recover from the outside (e.g. from a database for example) DN2 data from the identifier ID. The terminal T2 compares (E24) then the data DN1 and DN2. If there is no match between DN1 and DN2 (E26), it is deduced that the identity document DI1 is forged (E30). In case of concordance, it is deduced that the identity document DI1 is authentic (or alternatively, other tests are performed before confirming the authentication of the identity document DI1). 10

Claims (15)

REVENDICATIONS1. A method of manufacturing an identity document (DI1, DI2, DI3) comprising a three-dimensional security element, the method comprising: acquiring (E2) spatial coordinates; determining (E4), by calculating from the spatial coordinates (6), a surface model (8); and forming (E6) a three-dimensional security element (ES) having a non-planar surface (12) conforming to said surface model (8), said security element surface (12) being configured to enable verification authenticity of said document. The method of claim 1 including, during or after forming the security element, producing (E8) an image (17) on at least a portion of the surface (12) of the security element. (ES). The method of claim 2, providing said image (17) comprising at least one of: laser carbonizing the security element to form at least a portion of the image; and printing at least a portion of the image on the security element. 4. Method according to claim 2 or 3, comprising the retrieval of data relating to colors respectively associated with the spatial coordinates (6), in which, during the production of said image, each pixel (18) of the image is realized in a color or a gray level which is determined from the position of said pixel on the surface (12) of said security element (ES) in combination with said data. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the forming step comprises removing material from a portion of material (10; 32) so as to form the surface (12) of said security element ( ES). The method of claim 5, wherein said portion of material (32) is independent of the body (10) of the identity document upon removal of material, the method further comprising, after said removal of material material, assembling said portion of material to the body of the identity document. The method of claim 5, wherein said portion of material is a portion integral with the body (10) of the ID document (DI1) at the time of the material removal step. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the step of forming the security element comprises adding material (50) to a portion of material (10; 32). 9. The method of claim 8, wherein, during the addition of material, material elements (PA, PB, PC, PD, PE) having different colors are added to the surface of said security element (ES). 10. Method according to any one of claims 5 to 9, comprising, after formation of said security element, the bonding of a transparent layer (52) on at least a part of the body of the identity document so as to cover the element Security (ES). 11. A method according to any one of claims 6 and 8 to 10, comprising forming a cavity (14; 36) in the body (10) of the identity document prior to the formation of the security element. 25 The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the step of acquiring the spatial coordinates (6) comprises the digital capture of an object (2) from which said spatial coordinates are generated, said digital capture being performed in one of the following ways: by acquiring several photos of the object in different directions; by scanning the object by means of a laser; and by transmitting / receiving radio waves. 13. Identity document (DI1, DI2, DI3) made according to a manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, the identity document comprising a three-dimensional security element (ES) formed in or on the body (10). 20dudit document, said security element having a non-planar surface (12) for authenticating said document. An identity document according to claim 13, wherein the non-planar surface (12) of the security element comprises a representation related to at least one of: the carrier of the identity document; the issuer of the identity document; and the physical identity of said identity document holder. 15. A three-dimensional printing device comprising means for forming, in or on the body (10) of an identity document (DI1, D12, DI3), a three-dimensional security element (ES) comprising a non-planar surface ( 12) configured to enable verification of the authenticity of said document.