FR3011371A1 - COMPACT AUTOMATIC AND ROPE TRANSPOSITION TRAVEL GUITAR INTEGRATING A SPRING SHAPE - Google Patents

COMPACT AUTOMATIC AND ROPE TRANSPOSITION TRAVEL GUITAR INTEGRATING A SPRING SHAPE Download PDF

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FR3011371A1
FR3011371A1 FR1302288A FR1302288A FR3011371A1 FR 3011371 A1 FR3011371 A1 FR 3011371A1 FR 1302288 A FR1302288 A FR 1302288A FR 1302288 A FR1302288 A FR 1302288A FR 3011371 A1 FR3011371 A1 FR 3011371A1
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string
musical instrument
spring shape
rope
instrument according
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FR3011371B1 (en
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Thibault Dubuis
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10HELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H3/00Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
    • G10H3/12Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
    • G10H3/125Extracting or recognising the pitch or fundamental frequency of the picked up signal
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10HELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/18Selecting circuits
    • G10H1/20Selecting circuits for transposition
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10HELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/44Tuning means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10HELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H3/00Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
    • G10H3/12Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
    • G10H3/14Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means
    • G10H3/18Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means using a string, e.g. electric guitar
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10HELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2210/00Aspects or methods of musical processing having intrinsic musical character, i.e. involving musical theory or musical parameters or relying on musical knowledge, as applied in electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2210/031Musical analysis, i.e. isolation, extraction or identification of musical elements or musical parameters from a raw acoustic signal or from an encoded audio signal
    • G10H2210/066Musical analysis, i.e. isolation, extraction or identification of musical elements or musical parameters from a raw acoustic signal or from an encoded audio signal for pitch analysis as part of wider processing for musical purposes, e.g. transcription, musical performance evaluation; Pitch recognition, e.g. in polyphonic sounds; Estimation or use of missing fundamental
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10HELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2210/00Aspects or methods of musical processing having intrinsic musical character, i.e. involving musical theory or musical parameters or relying on musical knowledge, as applied in electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2210/325Musical pitch modification
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10HELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2210/00Aspects or methods of musical processing having intrinsic musical character, i.e. involving musical theory or musical parameters or relying on musical knowledge, as applied in electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2210/325Musical pitch modification
    • G10H2210/331Note pitch correction, i.e. modifying a note pitch or replacing it by the closest one in a given scale
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10HELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2210/00Aspects or methods of musical processing having intrinsic musical character, i.e. involving musical theory or musical parameters or relying on musical knowledge, as applied in electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2210/395Special musical scales, i.e. other than the 12- interval equally tempered scale; Special input devices therefor
    • G10H2210/415Equally tempered scale, i.e. note tuning scale in which every pair of adjacent notes has an identical frequency ratio equal to 2 to the power 1/n if the scale has n notes per octave
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10HELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2220/00Input/output interfacing specifically adapted for electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2220/155User input interfaces for electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H2220/165User input interfaces for electrophonic musical instruments for string input, i.e. special characteristics in string composition or use for sensing purposes, e.g. causing the string to become its own sensor
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10HELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2230/00General physical, ergonomic or hardware implementation of electrophonic musical tools or instruments, e.g. shape or architecture
    • G10H2230/045Special instrument [spint], i.e. mimicking the ergonomy, shape, sound or other characteristic of a specific acoustic musical instrument category
    • G10H2230/075Spint stringed, i.e. mimicking stringed instrument features, electrophonic aspects of acoustic stringed musical instruments without keyboard; MIDI-like control therefor
    • G10H2230/135Spint guitar, i.e. guitar-like instruments in which the sound is not generated by vibrating strings, e.g. guitar-shaped game interfaces

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Stringed Musical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un instrument de musique à cordes de dimensions compactes, facilement transportable et reproduisant un confort de jeu proche d'un instrument standard beaucoup plus encombrant. Il comprend : - Un manche faisant office de corps principal (1) - Des frettes disposées ergonomiquement. (13) - Une électronique intégrant des micros individuels, et un traitement numérique du signal. (2) - Un vibrato (3) supportant un repose main. (4) - Des cordes de longueurs fixes. (6) - Un sillet fixé sur la tête du manche.(5) Caractérisé par son électronique embarquée qui corrige automatiquement la justesse du son de chaque corde selon la fréquence d'oscillation de la corde, du fait de la répartition non standard des frettes sur le manche. Et caractérisé par une forme ressort intégrée dans une portion de chaque corde dont le but est d'assouplir la raideur accrue de la corde du fait de sa longueur réduite.The invention relates to a musical instrument with strings of compact dimensions, easily transportable and reproducing a playing comfort close to a standard instrument much more cumbersome. It includes: - A handle acting as main body (1) - Frets arranged ergonomically. (13) - An electronics integrating individual microphones, and a digital signal processing. (2) - A vibrato (3) supporting a hand rest. (4) - Ropes of fixed lengths. (6) - A nut fixed on the head of the handle (5) Characterized by its on-board electronics which automatically corrects the accuracy of the sound of each string according to the frequency of oscillation of the string, because of the non-standard distribution of the frets on the handle. And characterized by a spring shape integrated into a portion of each rope whose purpose is to soften the increased stiffness of the rope due to its reduced length.

Description

La présente invention est un instrument de musique de type guitare de voyage de dimensions compactes dont le frettage et les cordes permettent un confort de jeu similaire à une guitare de taille normale.The present invention is a travel-sized musical instrument of compact size, the hooping and strings allow a playing comfort similar to a normal size guitar.

Une guitare est un instrument encombrant du fait de la longueur du diapason. Le diapason représente la longueur vibrante de la corde entre le chevalet et le sillet, soit environ 630 mm en standard. Au diapason s'ajoutent les dimensions de la caisse et de la tête qui supporte les mécaniques d'accordage. C'est donc pour répondre aux attentes de mobilité des musiciens, qu'il existe sur le marché des "guitares de voyage". Certaines d'entre elles présentent des parties amovibles ou repliables, tandis que d'autres réduisent le diapason, comme sur les guitares pour enfant, ce qui a pour conséquence de rendre l'instrument assez inconfortable pour l'adulte en terme de jeu car les frettes sont très resserrées. En effet la position des frettes sur le manche est calculée en fonction de la longueur du diapason selon la formule Li=L0/2i/12 où Li est la position de la "i" ième frette par rapport au chevalet et Lo la longueur à vide de la corde (Lo équivaut aussi au diapason). Cette formule est une règle standard en lutherie pour produire les notes de la gamme dite "tempérée". bans les 2 cas, ces guitares restent encombrantes, bruyantes et sujettes au désaccordage car elles disposent toutes de mécaniques d'accordages très sensibles aux chocs, donc aux transports. Par conséquent, ces types de guitares n'autorisent pas la pratique de l'instrument dans des conditions où l'espace est restreint comme dans un moyen de transport en commun (Bus, train, avion, voiture ...), et ne conviennent pas non plus aux personnes à mobilité réduite qui peuvent être alitées ou assises en fauteuil roulant. Pour remédier à ces limitations, la présente invention a des dimensions très compactes (diapason de 300 mm environ) ce qui la rend naturellement mobile. Elle se caractérise par des écarts entre frettes ergonomiques, c'est à dire plus larges que ceux qu'imposerait la règle standard de lutherie pour un diapason aussi court, ce qui confère à l'instrument un confort de jeu équivalent à un instrument standard, mais avec un nombre réduit de frettes. La conséquence de cette répartition non standard des frettes est que les fréquences produites par les vibrations des cordes pour chaque frette ne respectent pas la progression de la gamme tempérée. Autrement dit l'invention sonne acoustiquement "faux", mais grâce à un traitement numérique du signal qui caractérise l'invention, l'instrument produit un son électroniquement "juste". Ce traitement consiste à transposer automatiquement la fréquence mesurée de chaque corde de sorte que le son -2- produit par l'invention soit musicalement juste. Un des moyens de réalisation de ce traitement utilise la norme MIDI (norme musicale informatique). Ce traitement numérique du signal apporte un autre avantage, celui de pouvoir accorder automatiquement l'instrument. C'est pour cette raison que l'invention se caractérise par l'absence de tout système d'accordage mécanique, ce qui élimine tous les problèmes potentiels de désaccordage liés au transport. D'autre part pour compenser la raideur accrue des cordes du fait de leur longueur réduite, l'invention intègre une forme ressort dans la corde. Cette 10 forme ressort crée une souplesse qui autorise la technique de jeu en "tiré de corde" (Bend en anglais), très appréciée par les joueurs de blues. L'invention peut s'utiliser en mode auto-amplifié, ou avec un casque comme elle peut s'utiliser branchée sur un amplificateur pour guitare afin de jouer en public. 15 De manière générale, les revendications de l'invention sont applicables dans le cas où les frettes sont absentes: Cas d'un manche "fretless". Des repères visuels placés sur le manche indiquent où les cordes doivent être pincées. Les principes de transposition et d'étalonnage décrits précédemment s'appliquent de la même façon. 20 L'invention est décrite en référence aux dessins joints, donnant à titre d'exemple non limitatif un cas de réalisation de l'invention en version 6 cordes "frettée" et 4 cordes "frettless". Figure 1: Vue en perspective de l'invention en version 6 cordes "frettée". 25 Figure 2: Vue en perspective de l'invention en version 4 cordes "fretless" : avec des repères visuels. Figure 3: Vue éclaté de l'invention en version 6 cordes frettée avec repérage des principaux composants. Figure 4: Vue en perspective du manche seul en version "fretless" avec 30 repérage des repères visuels (12). Figure 5: Vue en perspective du manche seul en version "frettée" avec repérage des frettes (13). Figure 6: Vue en coupe de l'invention sans le repose main (4) mettant en évidence la position de la forme ressort (6-1) de la corde ainsi que le haut-35 parleur (20). Figure 7: Vue de dessus de l'invention sans le repose main (4) mettant en évidence les longueurs Lo et L, Figures 8 et 9: Vues d'une corde dotée d'une boule à chaque extrémité et d'une forme ressort en "W" et "Spirale". 40 Figure 10: Graphe Fréquence transposée en fonction de la fréquence mesurée pour l'étalonnage. 301 1 3 7 1 -3- Figure 11: Graphe Fréquence transposée en fonction de la fréquence mesurée pour l'interpolation. L'invention est composée d'un manche en bois faisant office de corps principal 5 (1), de frettes en métal (13) ou repères visuels (12), d'un sillet en métal ou plastique (5), d'un chevalet en métal ou plastique (19), d'un vibrato en métal (3), d'un repose-main en matière plastique (4), d'un boitier électronique (2) et de cordes (6) dotées de boules (7) à chaque extrémité. Le boitier électronique intègre des micros individuels (14) (un micro par corde), un circuit électronique pour traiter le signal capturé par les micros, un générateur électronique de sons, un amplificateur relié à un haut-parleur (20), une batterie rechargeable, une connectique pour interfacer l'invention avec un ordinateur, une connectique pour brancher un casque, et une interface homme-machine composée de boutons (17) et d'un interrupteur marche-arrêt (18). L'invention est caractérisée par une répartition ergonomique des frettes, ce qui signifie que la loi standard Li=L0/2v12 utilisée en lutherie n'est pas appliquée. (Li représente la longueur vibrante de la corde lorsque celle-ci est pincée à la "i ième" frette et Lo la longueur de la corde à vide (Fig:7)). Les écarts entre frettes peuvent être égaux, ou strictement décroissants entre le sillet (5) et le chevalet (19), la valeur minimale de l'écart pour la frette la plus proche du chevalet doit être suffisante pour le placement d'un doigt de la main.A guitar is a cumbersome instrument because of the length of the tuning fork. The tuning fork represents the vibrating length of the rope between the bridge and the nut, about 630 mm as standard. In addition to the scale of the body and the head that supports tuning mechanics. It is therefore to meet the mobility expectations of musicians that there are "travel guitars" on the market. Some of them have removable or collapsible parts, while others reduce the tuning fork, as on guitars for children, which has the effect of making the instrument quite uncomfortable for the adult in terms of play because the Frets are very tight. Indeed the position of the frets on the neck is calculated according to the length of the tuning fork according to the formula Li = L0 / 2i / 12 where Li is the position of the "i" th fret relative to the easel and Lo the empty length of the string (Lo is also equivalent to the tuning fork). This formula is a standard rule in violin making to produce the notes of the so-called "temperate" range. In both cases, these guitars remain bulky, noisy and prone to detuning because they all have mechanical tunings very sensitive to shocks, so transport. Therefore, these types of guitars do not allow the practice of the instrument in conditions where the space is restricted as in a means of public transport (bus, train, plane, car ...), and are not suitable not for people with reduced mobility who may be bedridden or in a wheelchair. To overcome these limitations, the present invention has very compact dimensions (tuning fork of about 300 mm) which makes it naturally mobile. It is characterized by differences between ergonomic frets, ie wider than those that would impose the standard rule of violin for such a short tuning fork, which gives the instrument a playing comfort equivalent to a standard instrument, but with a reduced number of frets. The consequence of this non-standard distribution of the frets is that the frequencies produced by the vibrations of the strings for each fret do not respect the progression of the tempered range. In other words, the invention sounds acoustically "false", but thanks to a digital signal processing that characterizes the invention, the instrument produces an electronically "just" sound. This processing consists in automatically transposing the measured frequency of each string so that the sound -2- produced by the invention is musically correct. One of the means of realization of this treatment uses the MIDI standard (computer musical standard). This digital signal processing brings another advantage, that of being able to automatically tune the instrument. It is for this reason that the invention is characterized by the absence of any mechanical tuning system, which eliminates any potential problems of detuning related to transport. On the other hand to compensate for the increased stiffness of the ropes because of their reduced length, the invention incorporates a spring shape in the rope. This spring shape creates a flexibility that allows the technique of playing "rope pull" (Bend in English), much appreciated by blues players. The invention can be used in self-amplified mode, or with a headset as it can be used connected to a guitar amplifier for playing in public. In general, the claims of the invention are applicable in the case where the frets are absent: Case of a "fretless" handle. Visual cues on the neck indicate where the cords should be pinched. The principles of transposition and calibration described above apply in the same way. The invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings, giving by way of non-limiting example a case of embodiment of the invention in the version 6 strings "fretted" and 4 strings "frettless". Figure 1: Perspective view of the invention in a 6-string "fretted" version. Figure 2: Perspective view of the invention in a 4-string "fretless" version: with visual cues. Figure 3: Exploded view of the invention in a 6-string fretted version with identification of the main components. Figure 4: Perspective view of the single handle in "fretless" version with 30 marking of visual cues (12). Figure 5: Perspective view of the single handle in "fretted" version with identification of the frets (13). Figure 6: Sectional view of the invention without the hand rest (4) highlighting the position of the spring shape (6-1) of the rope and the loudspeaker (20). Figure 7: Top view of the invention without the hand rest (4) highlighting the lengths Lo and L, Figures 8 and 9: Views of a rope with a ball at each end and a spring shape in "W" and "Spiral". Figure 10: Graph Frequency transposed as a function of the frequency measured for calibration. 301 1 3 7 1 -3- Figure 11: Graph Frequency transposed as a function of the frequency measured for the interpolation. The invention is composed of a wooden handle acting as main body 5 (1), metal frets (13) or visual markers (12), a metal or plastic nut (5), a metal or plastic bridge (19), a metal vibrato (3), a plastic hand rest (4), an electronic box (2) and strings (6) with balls ( 7) at each end. The electronic box includes individual microphones (14) (one microphone per string), an electronic circuit for processing the signal captured by the microphones, an electronic sound generator, an amplifier connected to a speaker (20), a rechargeable battery , a connector for interfacing the invention with a computer, a connector for connecting a headset, and a human-machine interface consisting of buttons (17) and an on-off switch (18). The invention is characterized by an ergonomic distribution of the frets, which means that the standard law Li = L0 / 2v12 used in violin making is not applied. (Li represents the vibrating length of the chord when it is pinched at the "i th" fret and Lo is the length of the chord (Fig: 7)). The gaps between frets may be equal or strictly decreasing between the nut (5) and the bridge (19), the minimum value of the gap for the hoop closest to the bridge must be sufficient for the placement of a finger of the hand.

Du fait de la répartition non standard des frettes, la fréquence des notes produite par la vibration des cordes est transposée pour rendre l'instrument musicalement juste. Pour cela l'invention est dotée de capteurs électroniques de vibration individuels pour chaque corde et d'un circuit électronique de traitement numérique du signal. Le traitement du signal de l'invention est caractérisé en ce que la fréquence fondamentale mesurée FMii produite par la vibration de la corde "j" pincée à la frette "i" est transposée vers une fréquence calculée FTii par la formule Fi); = bi2i/12 (F1) , où Dj est la fréquence au diapason de la corde "j" selon l'accordage attendu de l'instrument. Cette transposition est modélisée par un graphe du type FT=Tj(FM) (Fig 10) pour chaque corde. Ce graphe est déterminé par un étalonnage de l'instrument qui consiste à pincer les cordes une à une pour chaque frette dans un ordre prédéterminé, ce qui permet de connaitre la corde "j" et la frette "i". A chaque valeur FMii mesurée est associée la valeur -4- FTji calculé par la formule (F1). Ces tables de correspondance FTji=Tj(FMji) sont mémorisées dans l'instrument à l'issue de l'étalonnage. Lorsque l'instrument est joué, la fréquence fondamentale FMI est extraite du signal mesuré par le capteur de la corde "j", une interpolation numérique permet ensuite de calculer la fréquence FTj selon le graphe de transposition associé à la corde "j" (Fig 11). Parmi les réalisations possibles de la transposition décrite ci-dessus la technologie MIDI ("Musical Instrument Digital Interface": Norme musicale informatique) peut être utilisée. L'instrument est pour cela équipé d'un convertisseur analogique MIDI et d'un générateur de sons MIDI pour chaque corde. Le convertisseur analogique MIDI calcule le code MIDI de la note théorique basée sur la fréquence transposée FTQ;, avant de l'envoyer au générateur MIDI qui produit les sons.Because of the non-standard distribution of the frets, the frequency of the notes produced by the vibration of the strings is transposed to make the instrument musically fair. For this purpose the invention is provided with individual electronic vibration sensors for each string and an electronic circuit for digital signal processing. The signal processing of the invention is characterized in that the measured fundamental frequency FMii produced by the vibration of the string "j" pinched to the band "i" is transposed to a calculated frequency FTii by the formula Fi); = bi2i / 12 (F1), where Dj is the tuning frequency of the string "j" according to the expected tuning of the instrument. This transposition is modeled by a graph of the type FT = Tj (FM) (FIG. 10) for each string. This graph is determined by a calibration of the instrument which consists in pinching the strings one by one for each band in a predetermined order, which makes it possible to know the string "j" and the band "i". At each measured FMii value is associated the value -4- FTji calculated by the formula (F1). These FTji = Tj (FMji) correspondence tables are stored in the instrument after the calibration. When the instrument is played, the fundamental frequency FMI is extracted from the signal measured by the sensor of the string "j", a numerical interpolation then makes it possible to calculate the frequency FTj according to the transposition graph associated with the string "j" (FIG. 11). Among the possible embodiments of the transposition described above, the MIDI technology ("Musical Instrument Digital Interface") can be used. The instrument is equipped with a MIDI analog converter and a MIDI tone generator for each string. The analog MIDI converter calculates the MIDI code of the theoretical note based on the FTQ transposed frequency, before sending it to the MIDI generator that produces the sounds.

La transposition automatique des notes décrite précédemment permet à l'invention de s'accorder automatiquement. L'invention est donc caractérisée par l'absence de mécaniques d'accordage et par des cordes de longueur fixe qui comportent une boule à chaque extrémité pour venir se fixer dans les logements prévus à cet effet dans le sillet (5) et le chevalet (19).The automatic transposition of the notes described above allows the invention to automatically tune. The invention is therefore characterized by the absence of tuning mechanics and fixed length ropes which comprise a ball at each end to be fixed in the housings provided for this purpose in the nut (5) and the bridge ( 19).

Pour compenser la raideur accrue des cordes du fait du diapason réduit, l'invention est caractérisée par des cordes comportant une forme ressort (61) localisée du côté du chevalet. Une déformation en W (Fig:8) ou un enroulement en spirale (Fig:9) sont deux réalisations possibles de la forme ressort. La forme ressort est étudiée de sorte qu'elle perturbe le moins possible la vibration naturelle de la corde, de sorte à faciliter le traitement du signal pour l'extraction de la fréquence fondamentale. Pour cela la matrice d'inertie de la forme ressort est caractérisée par les exigences suivantes: le centre de gravité doit se situer sur l'axe de la corde, et un des 3 axes principaux d'inertie doit être aligné sur l'axe de la corde. L'invention pourra se décliner en variantes, en modifiant certaines caractéristiques comme le nombre, l'épaisseur et la tension des cordes ainsi que le diapason, ce qui permettra de proposer différents types d'instruments comme la guitare (6 cordes), la basse (4, 5 ou 6 cordes), le ukulélé (4 cordes) ou le banjo (4 ou 5 cordes). L'invention est destinée à tous les musiciens désireux de pratiquer leur 40 instrument dans des circonstances ne permettant pas d'utiliser un instrument -5- standard beaucoup plus encombrant et bruyant, comme dans un moyen de transport (train, bus, avion, voiture). De par son faible encombrement l'invention est aussi particulièrement adaptée aux personnes à mobilité réduite, alitées ou en fauteuil roulant.5To compensate for the increased stiffness of the strings due to the reduced tuning fork, the invention is characterized by strings having a spring shape (61) located on the side of the bridge. A W-shaped deformation (Fig: 8) or a spiral winding (Fig: 9) are two possible embodiments of the spring shape. The spring shape is designed so that it disturbs as little as possible the natural vibration of the string, so as to facilitate the processing of the signal for the extraction of the fundamental frequency. For this, the inertia matrix of the spring form is characterized by the following requirements: the center of gravity must be on the axis of the rope, and one of the 3 main axes of inertia must be aligned with the axis of the the rope. The invention can be broken down into variants, by modifying certain characteristics such as the number, the thickness and the tension of the strings as well as the tuning fork, which will make it possible to propose different types of instruments such as the guitar (6 strings), the bass (4, 5 or 6 strings), ukulele (4 strings) or banjo (4 or 5 strings). The invention is intended for all musicians wishing to practice their instrument in circumstances that do not allow the use of a standard instrument -5- much more cumbersome and noisy, such as in a means of transport (train, bus, plane, car ). Due to its small size, the invention is also particularly suitable for persons with reduced mobility, bedridden or in a wheelchair.

Claims (8)

REVENDICATIONS1. Instrument de musique électrique à cordes de dimension compacte adapté au voyage, constitué d'un manche (1) comportant des frettes (13) ou des repères visuels (12) repartis ergonomiquement sur le manche, d'un sillet (5), d'un chevalet (19), de cordes (6) dotées de boules (7) à chaque extrémité venant se fixer dans un logement prévu à cet effet dans le sillet (5) et le chevalet (19), de capteurs de vibration individuel par corde (14) reliés à un circuit électronique effectuant un traitement numérique du signal et contenu dans un boitier (2), caractérisé en ce que la fréquence fondamentale mesurée FMji produite par la vibration de la corde "j" pincée à la frette "i" est transposée par le circuit électronique vers une fréquence calculée Fi); par la formule = Di/1202 (F1) , où Dj est la fréquence au diapason de la corde " j" selon l'accordage attendu de l' instrument, et en ce que cette transposition est modélisée par un graphe du type Ft=T(Fm) (Fig 10) pour chaque corde "j", ces graphes étant déterminés par un étalonnage de l'instrument qui consiste à pincer les cordes une à une pour chaque frette dans un ordre prédéterminé, à chaque valeur Fm(i) mesurée étant associée la valeur Ft(i) calculée par la formule (F1), ces tables de correspondance étant mémorisées dans l'instrument à l'issue de l'étalonnage.REVENDICATIONS1. A musical instrument with compact size strings adapted to travel, consisting of a handle (1) comprising frets (13) or visual markers (12) ergonomically distributed on the handle, a nut (5), a bridge (19), ropes (6) with balls (7) at each end being fixed in a housing provided for this purpose in the nut (5) and the bridge (19), individual vibration sensors by rope (14) connected to an electronic circuit performing a digital signal processing and contained in a housing (2), characterized in that the measured fundamental frequency FMji produced by the vibration of the string "j" pinched to the band "i" is transposed by the electronic circuit to a calculated frequency Fi); by the formula = Di / 1202 (F1), where Dj is the tuning frequency of the string "j" according to the tuning expected of the instrument, and in that this transposition is modeled by a graph of the type Ft = T (Fm) (FIG. 10) for each chord "j", these graphs being determined by a calibration of the instrument which consists in pinching the strings one by one for each fret in a predetermined order, at each measured value Fm (i). being associated with the value Ft (i) calculated by the formula (F1), these correspondence tables being stored in the instrument at the end of the calibration. 2. Instrument de musique selon la revendication 1, FMj désignant la fréquence fondamentale du signal mesuré par le capteur de la corde "j", FTj désignant la fréquence fondamentale du signal transposé par le boitier électronique (2), caractérisé en ce que FTj est déterminée en fonction de FMj au moyen d'une interpolation numérique du graphe de transposition Ft=T(Fm) associé à la corde "j" (Fig 11).2. Musical instrument according to claim 1, FMj designating the fundamental frequency of the signal measured by the sensor of the string "j", FTj designating the fundamental frequency of the signal transposed by the electronic box (2), characterized in that FTj is determined as a function of FMj by means of a digital interpolation of the transposition graph Ft = T (Fm) associated with the string "j" (FIG. 11). 3. Instrument de musique selon la revendication 2 équipé d'un convertisseur analogique MIDI (Norme musicale informatique) pour chaque corde, caractérisé en ce que le code MIDI de la note issue de la fréquence fondamentale FMj de vibration de la corde "j" est calculé sur la base de la fréquence transposée FTj.3. Musical instrument according to claim 2 equipped with a MIDI analog converter (computer musical standard) for each string, characterized in that the MIDI code of the note from the fundamental frequency FMj vibration of the string "j" is calculated on the basis of the transposed frequency FTj. 4. Instrument de musique selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que les cordes comportent une forme ressort (6-1) localisée du côté du chevalet.4. Musical instrument according to claim 1 characterized in that the strings have a spring shape (6-1) located on the side of the bridge. 5. Instrument de musique selon la revendication 4 caractérisé en ce que la forme ressort (6-1) est réalisée au moyen d'une déformation en forme de W (Fig:8).-7-5. Musical instrument according to claim 4 characterized in that the spring shape (6-1) is formed by means of a W-shaped deformation (Fig: 8). 6. Instrument de musique selon la revendication 4 caractérisé en ce que la forme ressort (6-1) est réalisée au moyen d'un enroulement en spirale (Fig:9).6. Musical instrument according to claim 4 characterized in that the spring shape (6-1) is formed by means of a spiral winding (Fig: 9). 7. Instrument de musique selon la revendication 4 caractérisé en ce la matrice d'inertie de la forme ressort répond aux exigences suivantes: le centre de gravité se situe sur l'axe de la corde, et un des 3 axes principaux d'inertie est aligné sur l'axe de la corde.7. Musical instrument according to claim 4 characterized in that the inertia matrix of the spring shape meets the following requirements: the center of gravity is located on the axis of the rope, and one of the 3 main axes of inertia is aligned on the axis of the rope. 8. Instrument de musique selon la revendication 3 caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un système amplificateur et haut-parleur intégré (20).108. musical instrument according to claim 3 characterized in that it comprises an integrated amplifier and speaker system (20) .10
FR1302288A 2013-09-30 2013-09-30 COMPACT AUTOMATIC AND ROPE TRANSPOSITION TRAVEL GUITAR INTEGRATING A SPRING SHAPE Expired - Fee Related FR3011371B1 (en)

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USD1026084S1 (en) * 2024-01-26 2024-05-07 Yaxiong Zhang Guitar neck

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GB2152727A (en) * 1983-12-09 1985-08-07 Stepp Electronics Electronic musical instrument
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USD1026084S1 (en) * 2024-01-26 2024-05-07 Yaxiong Zhang Guitar neck

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