FR3004860A1 - TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY WIRELESS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the transfer of wireless electrical energy that operates in any transmission medium. It works by converting electrical energy into photons of large wavelengths such as microwave photons / radio waves using a photon beam generator and directing the beam to an array of rectifying antennas that converts the photons into electricity. The wireless electric energy transfer system 1 is composed of a photon beam generator 15, a source of electromagnetic waves 4 for pumping it and a network of rectifying antennas 13. The photon beam generator 15 is a more composed of a cavity 3 containing a medium of the molecules 7 having a dipole moment and which are pumped at their higher levels of rotational, vibrational or rovibrational energies. The de-excited molecules emit microwave / radio-wave photons to form a photon beam 9 captured by the array of rectifying antennas 13 which converts the microwave / radio-wave photons into electricity.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD: This device is related to the transfer of wireless electrical energy into the Earth's atmosphere, where air is the main medium. This device could also be adapted to the space where there is vacuum. This device could also be used in the water environment. This device could also be used on other planets where the atmospheres are different than the earth. The same device could be used as a communication system that works in all transmission media as mentioned above. This device is primarily intended to transfer electrical energy at great distances, but it could also be used in applications where the transfer of electrical energy occurs at close distances. STATE OF THE PRIOR ART Various methods exist today for transmitting wireless electric energy. Basically all use a combination of a transmitter device that emits electromagnetic energy and a receiver device that captures electromagnetic energy. Emitters can emit electromagnetic energy in the form of light using lasers or in the form of microwaves using microwave generators. The receivers could be photovoltaic cells that capture the laser light and reconvert the captured light into electricity, or receivers could be antennas that capture the electromagnetic energy and reconvert the captured energy into electricity. Direct electromagnetic induction and resonant electromagnetic induction are the most effective means of transmitting wireless or non-contact energy, but only at close distances. The transmission of electrical energy can be done by coupling two induction coils by the process known as mutual induction. With this method it is possible to transmit and receive large amounts of energy but both inductors must be placed close to one another. There is a certain frequency for a coupled inductor system having a matched inductor to which the energy transfer is maximum. This is known as the resonance frequency. If the resonant coupling is used ie, the coils where the inductors matched at a mutual frequency, a significant power can be transmitted over several meters. Described below are the various existing methods for achieving wireless power transfer and their limitations.

ENERGY TRANSFER USING LIGHT: Light is an electromagnetic wave at extremely short wavelengths and can therefore be used to transmit electromagnetic energy, but because of its high frequency it has its limitations. Energy can be transmitted by converting electricity into a light beam or laser beam that is focused to a panel photovoltaic receiver. This is generally known as' POWER BEAMING Radiant Energy. Lasers are largely used to transmit at optical frequencies because their beams have high coherence and thus high directionality. At the NASA Marshall Space Center, NASA conducted experiments with light aircraft models powered by laser beams. They focused a laser beam on a panel of integrated photovoltaic cells on aircraft models to make the first flight of a plane powered by a laser beam. The disadvantages of the transfer of electrical energy by a light beam are: - The inefficient conversion of electricity in the light and vice versa. A few years ago inefficient conversion of electricity to light was a major problem, incandescent lamps emit 98% of the energy absorbed as heat, but with the latest LED technologies, efficiencies up to 100 % have been observed, LED lamps lack coherence and as a result, the directionality of the beam is low. With a laser beam, the directionality of the high laser beam can be obtained. Lasers are so far ineffective, even the latest lasers, such as free electron laser (LEL). The most efficient lasers are laser diode arrays. They can not have an efficiency of more than 50%, but they do not have the mutual coherence. 10 - Assume that conversion efficiencies and directionality have improved to an acceptable degree, a major problem still remains: The conversion of light into electricity. Photovoltaic cells are inefficient, and achieve maximum efficiency, 40% -50% under certain conditions. Although the transfer of electric energy by laser can be optimized at the wavelength of the laser at which the photovoltaic conversion efficiencies are higher, there are still problems in choosing the right frequency compared to the absorption. atmospheric and particularly the absorption, reflection and diffraction caused by clouds. 20 ENERGY TRANSFER-RELATED FEATURES USING LIGHT EP00013740A1 EP1204191A1 EP1204191A2 , 2004 Apr 13, 2004 Apr. 13, 2004 Charles E. Davis Stasys Malkevicius Masaaki Ichiki Fried Frans Maria De Mul Matti Harkoma Juha Tuominen Kai City Nummela City Nummela Ortal Alpert Roland Meijer - 4 - EP2089942A1 Jan 24 , 2007 US20070019693 Mar 7, 2006 US5837996 Jul 2, 1997 US5982139 Sep 19, 1997 US6114834 Nov 8, 1999 US6534705 Jul 24, 2001 US7253571 Nov. 7, 2005 US8118447 Dec. 20, 2007 David Graham David Graham Silliman Eytan Keydar Ronald J. Panse Ronald J Panse Jesus Berrios Byung-Chang Kang David L. Simon ARTICLES RELATED TO ENERGY TRANSFER USING LIGHT - Advanced receiver / converter experiments for laser wireless power transmission; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/ful1/2004ESASP.567..187H - The history of wireless power transmission; http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0038092X9500080B - Power sources for wireless sensor networks; http://www.springerlink.com/index/BOUTGM8AHNPHLL3L.pdf - Wireless power transmission technology state of the art the first Bill Brown reading; http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094576503800176 - Recent demonstrations of Laser Power Beaming at DFRC and MSFC; http://pdfserv.aip.org/APCPCS/vol_766/iss_1/73_1.pdf - Wireless power transmission Options for Space Solar power; http: //www.rocketdynetech. com / dataresources / WirelessPowerTransmissionOptionsForSpa ceSolarPower.pdf - An in-space wireless energy transmission experiment; http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?amumber--552928 - GaAs converters for high power densities of laser illumination; http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pip.811/abstract - Solar power satellites for space exploration and applications; http: //adsabs.harvard.edufful1/2004ESASP.567..151C - Power beaming providing a space power infrastructure; http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=166859 - Wireless power transmission technology development and demonstrations; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/ful1/2004ESASP.567..202S - Space propulsion and power beaming using millimeter systems; http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding. aspx? articleid = 1006735 - Laser beaming demonstrations to high-orbit satellites; http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?articieid=950121 - Preliminary demonstration of power beaming with non-coherent laser diode arrays; http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA362586 - 5 - - Free-electron laser beaming laser at satellites at China Lake, California; http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?articleid=950111 - Photovoltaic receivers for laser beamed power in space; http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa. gov / 19920006800_1992006800.pdf - Applications of optical phase conjugation; http://link.aip.org/link/phtoad/v34/i4/p27/s1 - Power transmission by laser beam from lunar-synchronous satellite; http://www.cs.odu.edu/-mln/ltrs-pdfs/tm4496.pdf - Preliminary Design and Cost of a 1-Megawatt Solar Pumped Lodide Laser Space-to-Space Transmission Station; http://www.intetpubl.com/goto/http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casintrs. nasa.gov/198700 17752_1987017752.pdf - Response of photovoltaic cells to pulsed laser illumination; http: //ieeexplore.ieee.orghwls/abs_all.jsp? arnumber = 372080 - A lunar rover powered by an orbiting laser diode array; http://pdfserv.aip.org/APCPCS/vol_217/iss_1/253_1.pdf - Summary of studies on space solar power systems of the national space development agency of Japan; http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S009457650300033X ENERGY TRANSFER-RELATED BOOKS USING LIGHT: - Laying the Foundation for Solar Power: An Assessment of ...; NASA's Space Solar Power Investment Strategy, Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board, National Research Council; 2001; Page 74 - Harnessing the Wheelwork of Nature: Tesla's Science of Energy; Thomas Valone; 2002; Page 156 - Laser Beam Propagation in the Atmosphere; Hugo Weichel; 1990; Page 114 - Transmission of power: polyphase system: Tesla patents; Nikola Tesla, Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company; 1893 Page 127 - The high border human settlements in space; Gerard K. O'Neill, David Gump, Space Studies Institute; 2000; Page 196 - High Power Microwaves, Second Edition; James Benford, John A. Swegle, Edl Schamiloglu; 2007; Page 552 - 6 - ENERGY TRANSFER USING MICROWAVE: The transfer of electrical energy can be achieved using microwaves. Microwaves are electromagnetic waves having wavelengths much longer than those of light, the conversion efficiencies are higher than lasers, and are less sensitive to atmospheric attenuation. However, microwaves have much longer wavelengths than visible light, and require proportionally larger transmitters and receivers due to diffraction, to effect electrical energy transfer at long distances. Since the discovery of electromagnetism, efforts have been made to find more efficient techniques and devices for transmitting electromagnetic energy over long distances. The earliest contributors to the technology of wireless energy transmission by radio waves were largely Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, Guglielmo Marconi and Nikola Tesla. Hidetsugu Yagi and Uda later contributed to the transmission of wireless energy, using a network of directional antennas they designed. Although it has not been practical for power transmission, their directional beam antenna array has been successfully used in wireless telecommunications. Considering the transmission of energy by RF (radio frequency) waves, the laws of physics related to the propagation of beams come into force. The laws of the divergence of the electromagnetic beams declare that an electromagnetic beam will spread and become weaker as the distance increases. Beam divergence is directly related to the efficiency of RF (radio frequency) energy transmission. Beyond too great a divergence (receiver device too large) it becomes impracticable to harvest the energy transmitted. The divergence depends on the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. Shorter is the wavelength, the less important is the divergence. Energy transfer using radio waves can be made more directional by using shorter wavelengths, especially in the microwave range. This allows the transfer of energy to longer distances. Divergence also depends on the coherent nature of electromagnetic waves. With a microwave beam having high coherence, its divergence is decreased. The term "coherence" used here refers to the frequency (mono-chromaticity), phase and polarization of the microwave beam. The divergence of the microwave beam is also affected by diffraction at the transmission antenna. So far the efficient transfer of wireless electromagnetic energy has been achieved only at short distances: in general, longer distance energy transfer requires large devices. The phased array antenna technology, 'PHASED 15 ARRAY', can be used to increase the directionality or directivity of the microwave beam. A phased array antenna is a group of elementary antennas powered with signals whose phase is adjusted to obtain the desired microwave waveform. But it has its limitations due to a phenomenon called the 'Thinned Array Curse' 20 in English; the void spaces in the grating antenna act as a diffraction grating and produce side lobes that lose energy. A rectifier antenna array (Rectenna) may be employed to reconvert the received microwave beam energy into electricity. Conversion efficiencies of rectifier antenna arrays (Rectenna) are generally high. - 8 - Several applications of radiating energy or `POWER BEAMING 'in English, are currently studied. - Sun Exploitation: Earth-orbiting solar satellites can transmit captured solar energy by converting it into 5 microwave beams and radiating the microwave beam to the earth. - Powering a spaceship from Earth using microwaves is studied. Transfer of electrical energy from one point to another in a line of sight. However, the use of radiant energy or 'POWER BEAMING'; Microwaves, for most space applications, face a major problem: they require large aperture sizes for the rectifier antenna transmitter and receiver. A NASA study on solar energy satellites required a 1-kilometer diameter transmission antenna, and a 10-kilometer diameter for the rectifying antenna array receiver, for a 2-microwave beam. , 45 gigahertz. Emitter and receiver openings could be made smaller by shorter wavelengths, but the atmosphere is opaque at most short wavelengths due to atmospheric absorption by droplets of rain or water. We could combine several smaller satellites to make the microwave beam more directional but there is the problem due to a phenomenon called the Thinned Array Curse in English; the void spaces in the antenna array act as a diffraction grating and produce side lobes that lose energy. Successful experiments in high power wireless power transmission, using microwaves, have been undertaken. - 9 - Experiments for the transfer of energy of the order of tens of kilowatts were carried out in Goldstone, California in 1975 and in 1997 in Grand Bassin on the island of Reunion.

PATENTS ASSOCIATED WITH POWER TRANSFER USING MICROWAVES EP0325034A2 EP0385034A2 US5485474 EP0440420A US5505504 Abstract of the present invention are incorporated herein by reference. 10, 1989 Oct 28, 1993 AW Alden Adrian William Alden Eliyahu Gamzon Adrian W. Alden Yoshihiko Konishi Yoshihiko Konishi Koert Peter Peter Koert Howard A. Foote ENERGY TRANSFER RELATED ARTICLES USING MICROWAVE - Millimeter wave technology for space power beaming ; http: //ieeexplore.ieee.orepls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=141358 - Space solar power programs and microwave wireless power transmission technology; http://electricalandelectronics.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/01145675. pdf - Design and experiments of a high-conversion-efficiency 5.8-GHz rectenna; http: //www.ece.umd. edut-dillikesearch / smartdust / power / antenna_rectifier / mcspadden2.pdf - An evolutionary satellite power system for International demonstration in developing nations; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991spsp.proc..356N - A high-efficiency dual-frequency rectenna for 2.45-and 5.8-GHz wireless power transmission; http: Meeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp? amumber = 1017644 - An in-space wireless energy transmission experiment; http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?amumber=552928 - A high conversion efficiency 5.8 GHz rectenna; http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?amumber=602852 - An experimental and theoretical characterization of a broadband arbitrarily-polarized rectenna array; http://www.chisum.net/CU/GroupSite/docs/publications/2001/ims_jh_01.pdf - Space propulsion and power beaming using millimeter systems; http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding. aspx? articleid = 1006735 - The history of wireless power transmission; http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0038092X9500080B - 10 - ARTICLES / BOOKS RELATED TO POWER TRANSFER USING MICROWAVE - Popular Science - Jan 1988; Page 54 - Popular Science - Jan 1988; Page 51 - Popular Science - Jan 1988; Page 53 - Popular Mechanics - Sep 1995; Page 39 - Popular Mechanics - Apr 1992; Page 28 - Laying the Foundation for Space Solar Power. An Assessment of ... Committee for the Assessment of NASA's Space Solar Power Investrnent Strategy, Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board, National Research Council; Page 72 - Theory of Geostationary Satellites: Chong-Hung Zee; Page 54 - Popular Science - Oct 1993; Page 31 - New Scientist - Jul 16, 1981; Page 10 ENERGY TRANSFER USING INDUCTION Direct electromagnetic induction and resonant electromagnetic induction are the most effective means of transmitting wireless or non-contact energy, but only at close distances. The transmission of electrical energy can be done by coupling two induction coils by the process known as mutual induction. An electrical transformer is a good example for wireless energy transfer by mutual induction. The primary and secondary circuits of a transformer are electrically isolated from each other. The transfer of energy is completed by mutual induction. With this method it is possible to transmit and receive large amounts of energy but both inductors must be placed close to one another. There is a certain frequency for a coupled inductor system having a matched inductor to which the energy transfer is maximum. This is known as the resonance frequency. If the resonant coupling is used, where the coils or inductors are matched at a mutual frequency, a significant power can be transmitted over several meters.

The principle is used in everyday appliances like electric toothbrush, consumer electronic devices such as mobile phones. It is also used to transfer energy into 5 transcutaneous systems such as artificial hearts and medical implants. ENERGY TRANSFER-RELATED PATENTS USING INDUCTION US6471635 Feb 10, 2000 Peter Forsell EP1587456B1 Jan. 31, 2003 Peter Forsell EP1221753A2 Jan 4, 2002 Heon-Young Cha US20040150934 Oct. 20, 2003 David W. Baarman US20070064406 Sep. 8, 2004 Pilgrim David W. Baarman, Nathan P. Stien Bachman, John J. Lord US3675108 Oct. 12, 1971 Thomas H. Nicholl US3938018 Sep. 16, 1974 Ernest A. Dahl US5952814 Nov. 14, 1997 Steven JW Van Lerberghe 20 US5959433 Aug. 22, 1997 Monty D. Rohde US6184651 Mar. 20, 2000 Jose M Femandez US6636017 Sep 27, 2002 Uwe Zink US6731071 April 26, 2002 David W. Baarman US6913477 Aug 1, 2002 Tal Dayan 25 US7065658 May 18, 2001 Matthew Baraban US7126450 February 4, 2003 David W. Baarman, Stephen McPhilliamy, Christopher Houghton US7212414 October 20, 2003 David W. Baarman 30 TRANSFER RELATED BOOKS ENERGY USING INDUCTION - The Industrial Electronics Handbook; J. David Irwin; Page 268 - Electromagnetic Compatibility: Principles and Applications; David A. Weston; Page 297 - Semiconductor material and device characterization; Dieter K. Schroder; Page 634 - The Tesla Papers; Nikola Tesla, David Hatcher Childress; Page 204 35 - 12 - LOW POWER TRANSFER Low power wireless power transfer is possible using radio frequency (RF) waves. They are used in applications where power requirements are low. Low energy consuming devices such as computer peripherals, wireless probes, and medical implants can be powered using RF (radio frequency) wave energy. The amount of energy that can be transmitted is very limited.

ENERGY TRANSFER USING INDUCTIVE COUPLING WITH EVANESCENT WAVES A new technique for wireless energy transfer by inductively coupling evanescent waves was presented by Marin Soljacic, and his colleagues at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2007. The technique is based on the theory of near-field electromagnetism, and the use of 'coupled resonators'. They applied the behavior of fields close to electromagnetic fields to a concept of wireless power transfer, based on coupled resonators. Using the evanescent coupling, the energy receiver (the apparatus to be charged) can receive energy from the transmitter device only if it has a resonant frequency that is close to the transmitter device. Until then the electromagnetic energy is trapped in the transmitter device. The theory behind this is that when electromagnetic waves are sent through a strongly angular waveguide, this produces evanescent waves that carry no energy. When another compatible resonant waveguide is brought near the transmitter, the evanescent waves can allow the energy to propagate and provide power to the resonant waveguide of the receiver. This phenomenon is known as 'evanescent wave coupling'. The tunnel electromagnetic waves, does not radiate energy outside the waveguide. In 2007, MIT researchers successfully demonstrated the ability to power a 60-watt light bulb from an energy source that was several meters away with an approximate efficiency of 40%. The main disadvantage with this method is that energy transfer is possible only at close distances, and that it can not work in other types of transmission media such as water, and other atmospheres extra -terrestres. 10 ENERGY TRANSFER-RELATED PATENTS USING INDUCTIVE VOLATILE COUPLING US20070222542 July 5, 2006 John D. Joannopoulos, Aristeidis Karalis, Marin Soljacic 15 US20080278264 Mar. 26, 2008 Aristeidis Karalis, Andre B. Kurs, Robert Moffatt, John D. Joannopoulos, Peter H. Fisher, Morning Soljacic US20090195333 Mar 31, 2009 John D Joannopoulos, Aristeidis 20 Karalis, Marin Soljacic US20110074347 Nov 18, 2010 Aristeidis Karalis US20110089895 Nov 18, 2010 Aristeidis Karalis US20110193419 Feb 28, 2011 Aristeidis Karalis US20120119569 Oct 17 , 2011 Aristeidis Karalis 25 U520120235634 Oct 21, 2011 Andrew J. Campanella U520120242159 Oct 28, 2011 Andrew J. Campanella US20120248886 Oct 28, 2011 Andrew J. Campanella US20120322387 Jun 15, 2012 Angela Nicoara US7825543 Mar 26, 2008 Aristeidis Karalis, Andre B. 30 Kurs, Robert Moffatt, John D. Joannopoulos, Peter H. Fisher, Soljacic Marin US8097983 May 8, 2009 Aristeidis Karalis US8035255 Nov. 6, 2009 Kurs et al. - 14 - ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION Some natural conductors of electricity such as earth and oceans, can be used as media and electric currents can be propagated by these natural conductors. A natural environment like the atmosphere can become a driver by ionizing the air. Ionization occurs when the breakdown voltage of the medium is exceeded, thus making it conductive for electricity. For example, a high power ultraviolet beam may be used to ionize the air, creating a driving column between the transmitter and the receiver. The main technical disadvantage with this system is that the energy requirements to ionize the air are important thus making the system ineffective. - 15 - EVALUATION OF THE METHODS LISTED ABOVE In the foregoing methods of prior art of wireless energy transmission including - energy transfer using light - energy transfer using microwaves - transfer of energy using induction-energy transfer using evanescent wave inductive coupling using evanescent wave coupling, we find that there is no technology that has completely solved the main problem of transfer of evanescent waves. Wireless energy, ie, transmit a large amount of electrical energy at long distances very efficiently in different types of transmission media. Three important technical problems have not been solved: efficiency, long-range transmission and transmission in different types of transmission media other than air, such as water and other extraterrestrial atmospheres. The following is a summary of the drawbacks of the methods of the prior art mentioned above: With light, efficiency always poses a major problem due to the efficiencies of the laser which do not exceed 50% and to the efficiencies of photovoltaic conversion that does not exceed 40%. LED matrix lamps operating at 99% efficiency, can substitute lasers but lack of beam directionality. Another major problem with light is that of atmospheric absorption and particularly cloud absorption, reflection and diffraction. With microwaves, electromagnetic waves are at much longer wavelengths, its conversion efficiencies are higher than lasers, and are less sensitive to atmospheric attenuation. However, microwaves have much longer wavelengths than visible light, and require proportionally larger transmitters and receivers to reduce the effects of diffraction and divergence, especially when it comes to transmitting long distances. They are also susceptible to interference. - 16 - - With induction energy transfer can be achieved only at short distances. Direct induction and resonant magnetic induction are the most efficient ways of transferring wireless energy, but only at close distances. With the inductive coupling of the evanescent waves the wireless energy transfer can be realized between the coupled resonators. But it is necessary on one condition that the energy receiver device (the device to be charged) be close to the transmitter device. There are three major problems encountered when designing a wireless energy transfer system that operates in the Earth's atmosphere. a) The problems related to the conversion of alternating current (AC) to constant current (CC) at high frequencies: This poses a considerable technological challenge to design the converters that operate at infrared or optical frequencies (wavelengths between 2 - 0.3 μm). The rectifying diodes and the antenna should be extremely small, typically of the order of the micro / nanometer and their true efficiency would be between 0.1 - 1%. It is practically impossible to build them; even if we manage to build them, they will be very inefficient. To avoid these problems, it can be proposed to carry out the wireless energy transfer using light transmission and by employing a photovoltaic panel to convert the light into electricity, however, the conversion efficiencies of the photovoltaic panels are quite low. and the atmosphere is not transparent for all wavelengths in the optical spectrum. b) Problems related to the transmission medium: - Transmission in the Earth's atmosphere: The atmospheric opacity with the entire electromagnetic spectrum depends on the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves. There are certain frequencies at which the atmosphere is completely transparent. The regions of the spectrum in which these frequencies are found are known as the atmospheric windows. According to F1G 5 and FIG 6, we see that in the microwave / radio-wave region of the air absorption spectrum, we can transmit electrical energy between wavelengths of 5 cm to 10 meters with good efficiencies. As a result, the transmission of electrical energy into the atmosphere is limited only to those frequencies that pass through the atmosphere, limiting the capabilities of prior art techniques for transferring energy. - Transmission in water: Water has its own absorption spectrum, it absorbs strongly in the ultraviolet, infrared and microwave regions, but is largely transparent in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum .

Transmission in extraterrestrial atmospheres: Each planet has its own characteristic atmospheric composition, thus, the constituents of the atmosphere variants, the absorption spectrum also varies. c) Problems with interference and divergence: Transmission using microwaves and radio waves may be influenced by interference from noise or electromagnetic radiation in the transmission medium. For transmission using microwaves and radio waves, beam divergence is influenced by diffraction at the transmitting antenna. Until now efficient wireless power transfer has been achieved only at short distances and in general the transfer of energy at long distances requires very large devices. - 18 - While phased array antenna technology, PHASED ARRAY 'can be used to increase the directionality or directivity of the microwave beam. It has its limitations due to a phenomenon called the 'Thinned Array Curse' in English, to know; the void spaces in the grating antenna act as a diffraction grating and produce side lobes that lose energy. OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION In view of the disadvantages of the techniques of the interior art, the present invention is therefore intended to remedy this. More particularly, the present invention aims to provide a wireless electric power transfer device which provides a solution to the above problems related to the transfer of wireless electrical energy. The solution exists in the production of electromagnetic waves which have both the directional properties of light, and the efficiencies of microwaves, ie generate photons having microwave wavelengths and transmit these photons produced at a receiver consisting of a network of rectifying antennas that reconvert captured photons into electricity. The production of microwave photons / radio waves in large quantities is an important technological challenge. The present invention consists of a photon generator that meets this challenge .11 is the main component of the present wireless electric energy transfer system. It employs a new inventive method to produce large quantities of photons having the wavelength of the microwave / radio wave order and at desired wavelengths. The electromagnetic energy emitted can be described as electromagnetic field or photon variations. We must clearly differentiate these two descriptions concerning the electromagnetic emission. To get a clear idea about here is an example; Consider radio waves or microwaves produced using available devices like klystron, magnetron etc. When these devices vary the electromagnetic fields at a particular frequency, they transmit electromagnetic field variations at this frequency but they generally do not emit or transmit photons at this frequency, the associated photons could have other frequencies that do not match not at the frequency of the oscillator. In order to be able to produce photons at this particular radio frequency, say 2.45 gigahertz, (typical microwave oven frequency), we have to build a different device that is capable of emitting these 2.45 GHz photons and not just waves electromagnetic having 2.45 gigahertz frequency. Typically a magnetron would emit radio waves having a frequency of 2.45 gigahertz but not photons having a frequency of 2.45 gigahertz. On the other hand, consider devices such as MASER, LASER or a free electron laser (LEL), these devices emit photons at a particular frequency. For example when the ammonia MASER produces a MASER beam that has a frequency of 24 GHz, it actually emits photons having the frequency of 24 GHz. These devices emit the coherent radiation of photons having frequencies that correspond to the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum or the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum, but very few devices emit photons having radio frequencies. Masers exist that operate at the microwave frequency that produce microwave photons, but they do them at very low intensities, and may not be used to establish a wireless electrical energy transfer. - 20 - The major drawbacks of IVIASERs that exist today are - They are not able to produce a large amount of photons, most MASERs have an output power of the order of picowatts and milliwatts. These kinds of photon production are not used for energy transfer but may be useful for telecommunication. - The range of available MASER wavelengths is very limited, and moreover they are not available for the region of wavelength radio (hertzian) that is to say from 10 cm and more. The present photon beam generator device of the present new wireless electric energy transfer system provides a solution for producing low frequency microwave / radio wave photons in large quantities and does not have the drawbacks mentioned above. above that of the laser and the maser. The device which is the central part of this wireless electrical energy transfer system is: Capable of producing beams of high powers which is limited only by the size of its cavity. - Able to produce photon beams at different wavelengths that is only limited by the type of medium in the cavity. The range of wavelengths available is much larger than masers, so that they can operate in atmospheric windows for microwave and microwave waves. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Below is disclosed a new wireless electric power transfer system which provides a solution to the above problems of wireless electrical energy transfer. The solution consists of the conversion of electrical energy into long-wavelength photons of the order of wavelengths of microwave or radio wave and the transmission of photons produced to a receiver consisting of an array of rectifying antennas that reconvert captured photons into electricity. There is a significant technological challenge in the production of microwave photons / radio waves in a large amount. The present invention is comprised of other components of a photon generator that is subject to this challenge. Mainly the new wireless electrical energy transfer system consists of a photon beam generator and a receiver consisting of a network of rectifying antennas. The main innovation lies in the photon beam generator. The new wireless electric energy transfer system works in the Earth's atmosphere, where the air is the main medium. This device could also be adapted to the space where there is vacuum. This device could also be used in the water environment. This device could also be used on other planets where the atmospheres are different than the earth. The same device could be used as a communication system that works in all transmission media as mentioned above. The new wireless electric energy transfer system works by converting electrical energy into wavelength photons. such as microwave photons / radio waves using a photon beam generator and directing the beam to an array of rectifying antennas that reconvert the photons into electricity. The wireless electrical energy transfer system is composed of a photon beam generator, a source of electromagnetic waves for pumping it and a network of rectifying antennas. The photon beam generator is a more composed of a cavity containing a medium of molecules having a dipole moment and which are pumped at their higher levels of rotational, vibrational or rovibrational energies. The de-excited molecules emit microwave / radio-wave photons to form a photon beam captured by the array of rectifying antennas that converts the microwave / radio-wave photons into electricity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Next is the description of the present invention divided into four parts - complete description of the present wireless electric energy transfer system device. - Description of the present photon beam generator device of the present new wireless electric energy transfer system. The photon beam generator is used to produce a beam of microwave or radio wave photons. Description of the present receiver device of the present new wireless electric power transfer system. The receiver is a rectifying antenna array (Rectenna) used to receive and reconvert the photon beam energy generated by the generator into electricity. The main advantages of this new wireless electrical energy transfer system over other current state of the art systems. COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF THE WIRELESS ELECTRIC POWER TRANSFER SYSTEM DEVICE The following is a novel wireless electric power transfer system. It transmits energy at a distance by converting electrical energy into long wavelength photons such as microwave / radio wave photons using a new concept of a photon beam generator and directing the beam from photons to a receiver consisting of an array of rectifying antennas that reconvert captured photons into electricity. There is a significant technological challenge in the production of microwave photons / radio waves in a large quantity. The present invention is comprised of other components of a photon generator that is subject to this challenge. The main innovation lies in the photon beam generator. FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the present new wireless electric energy transfer system according to the invention. A wireless electric energy transfer system 1 is composed of a photon beam generator 15, a source of electromagnetic waves 4, and a network of rectifying antennas (Rectenna) 13. The photon beam generator 15 is in addition composed of a cavity 3 which contains a medium of the molecules 7 which have a dipole moment. In order to operate the wireless electric energy transfer system 1, the photon beam generator 15 is pumped using the source of the electromagnetic waves which produces electromagnetic waves 4 which are directed by the waveguides 16 and 17 to the medium 7 to excite the medium of the molecules 7 at their higher levels of rotational or vibrational or rovibrational energies. The de-excited molecules emit microwave / radio-wave photons which emanate from the aperture 12 to form a photon beam 9, the photon beam 9 is focused by a reflective focusing hood 8 to be incident on a network of photons 9 Rectifier Antennas (Rectenna) 13. The Rectifier Antenna Array (Rectenna) 13 20 converts microwave photons / radio waves into electricity. According to FIG 3 the photon generator 55 could also be pumped using a radio frequency (RF) generator 60. Instead of the waveguides the electromagnetic energy is conveyed by the pair of electrode plates 65 and 66 which are coupled to the radio frequency (RF) generator 60. The pair of electrode plates 65 and 66 coupled to the radio frequency (RF) generator 60 generates an oscillating electric field. A practical example of using System 1 would be to transmit electrical energy from point A to a point B in our Earth's atmosphere. We assume that points A and B are in a line of sight. To determine the operating frequency range of system 1, we must first consider the absorption spectrum of the air and find the transparent windows available in the microwave or radio wave region, because that is in these regions it is convenient to build converters such as rectifier antenna arrays (Rectenna). And also because the conversion efficiencies at the microwave / radio-wave frequencies are high.

According to FIG 5 and FIG 6, we see that in the microwave / radio-wave region of the air absorption spectrum we can transmit electrical energy between wavelengths of 5 cm to 10 meters to good efficacies. This gives us the operating frequency range of system 1. In case we should transmit electrical energy to microwave frequencies outside this band of 5cm to 10 meters, we have to transmit to frequencies that are not present in the Rotational spectrum of the main constituents of the atmosphere. The frequency ranges of the rotational spectra of the main constituents of the atmosphere are indicated in FIG. 9. The next step would be to choose the molecules that enter cavity 3 and have emission spectra at these wavelengths. . The molecular composition of the medium is chosen in such a way that. 1. At least one frequency of the rotational spectrum compound frequency band, the vibrational spectrum, and the rovibrational spectrum of the selected molecules is not present in the transmission medium absorption spectrum, in which case it is the air. 2. The types of molecules chosen for the medium are chosen in such a way that they form a homogeneous collection of molecules. The homogeneous collection means that the different types of molecules do not act chemically with each other. The different types of molecules could compose the environment. The collection could also be a mixture of atoms and molecules, but it is important that they form a homogeneous collection of at least one type of molecule, which means that there should be at least one type of molecule in the middle of the cavity. This is because only the molecules have the rotational or vibrational spectra and because of this, the emitted photons have energies that correspond to the energetic transitions of the rotational or vibrational energy levels. The atoms present in the medium do not contribute to the photon generation, but can be used to maintain the pressure inside the cavity, or can be used to drive the heat of the cavity. A molecule is composed of at least two atoms. 3. The types of molecules chosen for the medium are also chosen in such a way that they have a dipole moment. In one molecule, energies that correspond to energetic transitions of rotational energy levels are generally small compared to energetic transitions of vibrational energy levels. Generally, the energy transitions of the vibrational energy levels correspond to the energies in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum and the energy transitions of the rotational energy levels correspond to the energies in the microwave, radio-wave and far-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. electromagnetic spectrum. FIG. 8 is a table which shows the different molecular processes and their frequency bands which corresponds to the energies associated with rotational or vibrational or rovibrational energy transitions. Thus, if we are to transmit energy at microwave / radio-wave frequencies we must search for molecules that have rotational or rovibrational spectra that fall into the microwave, radio-wave and far-infrared region of the microwave. electromagnetic spectrum. The molecular spectral databases published by several research institutes can be referenced to find the necessary molecules. One such database is the National Institute of Standards and Technology (N1ST) database where a search for molecules with particular spectra could be conducted. Their last web link is http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/MolSpec,/freqsearch.html, where a spectral frequency range could be enter as a search parameter and the tool enumerates all the molecules having a spectrum. which corresponds to the desired frequency range. Rotational spectra arise only when the molecules are polar in nature and have a permanent dipole moment. The molecules contained in the cavity should be the polar molecules. Polar molecules are molecules with a permanent electrical dipole moment. The permanent dipole moment is due to the various asymmetries in their structure and the presence of partial charges on atoms in the molecule that result due to differences in electronegativity or other characteristics of the molecular bond. Thus, for a molecule to act with an electromagnetic wave through rotational transitions, it must have a dipole magnetic or electrical moment. Without it no externally applied magnetic or electric field can exert a rotating torque.

Molecules that have a permanent dipole moment can produce pure and intense rotational spectra when excited at their higher levels of rotational energies by pumping them with electromagnetic waves at the right frequencies. Symmetric molecules such as H2, 02, C2, CH4 produce weak rotational spectra due to their quadrupole electric moment. These symmetrical molecules can also acquire a temporary dipole moment due to antisymmetric elongation modes. Under these conditions rotational energy transitions can be realized also by pumping them with electromagnetic waves. It becomes obvious that when a molecule has a rotational spectrum it necessarily has a permanent dipole moment. After having listed molecules capable of interacting with an electromagnetic wave via rotational transitions, in the next step we must exclude the use of molecules present in the transmission medium (the Earth's atmosphere for example) which considerably attenuate electromagnetic waves at the desired frequency or frequencies of transmission. F1G 7 shows the atmospheric composition of the earth. The Earth's atmosphere consists mainly of N2 (nitrogen) and O2 (oxygen). FIG. 9 shows the molecular structure of the main atmospheric constituents which indicate the dipole nature of the molecule, thus showing which molecules are capable of having rotational absorption spectra. For example imagine that we have to transmit energy at frequencies around 60 GHz (wavelengths about 5 millimeters), and that we find that O2 (oxygen) has a maximum absorption in this frequency range, then we should avoid using 1'02 as a medium for the cavity. The 02 has no electric dipole moment but compared to other diatomic gases it has a permanent magnetic dipole. Nitrogen has neither the electric dipole moment nor the magnetic dipole moment and therefore no rotational absorption spectrum. So it can not be used in the middle of the cavity when we have to operate at rotational energy transition frequencies. On the other hand, we could use 1'02 as a medium for the cavity, when we must transmit the energy in an atmosphere of a planet different from the earth, where 1'02 is not an important constituent of the atmosphere of the planet. Once we have the list of molecules that have the desired spectra we can fill cavity 3 with these molecules that form medium 7 and pump them using electromagnetic waves 4 at the corresponding excitation frequencies. Here in this system 1 revealed we could for example use nitrous oxide as the medium 7 of the photon beam generator cavity 15. As shown in FIG 2, the electromagnetic wave source used in this system revealed is a magnetron 41 that produce intense microwaves. Several special devices like powerful vacuum tubes can also be used to produce microwaves. These tubes are different from low frequency vacuum tubes, they use the ballistic motion of electrons in a vacuum controlled by electric or magnetic fields. They include magnetron, klystron, traveling wave tube, gyrotron. Low power microwave sources use semiconductor devices such as the field effect transistor, tunnel diodes, Gunn diodes, IMPATT diodes. As shown in FIG. 1, the molecules of medium 7 contained in FIG. Cavities 3 are excited by a band of low frequency electromagnetic waves 4 produced by the magnetron 41 or several magnetrons operating as a powerful source of electromagnetic waves. The source of the electromagnetic waves 4 should consist of a frequency or a band of frequencies found in the rotational, vibrational, or rovibrational spectra of the molecules of the medium 7. In the present revealed system we use only a single magnetron 41, but when we need a source of electromagnetic waves that contains a band of several frequencies, several magnetrons could be used so that the electromagnetic waves 4 produced by them contain the frequencies that excite the molecules at their different several higher levels of rotational energies , vibrational or rovibrational. The electromagnetic waves 4 produced by the source are guided in the cavity 3 by at least one waveguide. Several waveguides could be used. It depends on the frequency spectrum of the electromagnetic waves produced, which in turn depends on the different frequencies of the photons to be produced. Here in this example of the revealed system, the electromagnetic waves 4 produced by the source are guided in the cavity 3 by the two waveguides 16 and 17. The waveguide covers 10 and 11 allow the electromagnetic waves of the source 4 to pass but does not allow the medium of the molecules 7 to escape outside the cavity 3. The molecules of the medium 7 are pumped by the electromagnetic waves 4 at their higher levels of rotational, vibrational or rovibrational energies, or a combination of said energies, and upon return to their stable states spontaneously or by stimulation, emit photons having energies which correspond to energetic transitions of the rotational, vibrational or rovibrational energy levels of the molecules. The emitted photons normally correspond to the photons of microwaves / radio waves. The molecules of a medium contained in a cavity could also be excited by an oscillating electric field. As shown in FIG. 3, a photon beam generator 55 is pumped using a radio frequency generator 60. Instead of the waveguides the electromagnetic energy is conveyed by a pair of electrode plates 65 and 66 which are coupled to the Radio Frequency Generator 60. The pair of electrode plates coupled to the RF generator 60 produce an oscillating electric field. The radio frequency generator 60 is placed on the outside of the cavity 68, the pair of electrode plates 65 and 66 are placed on the inside of the cavity 68 and placed opposite one another. other. By electrically coupling the radio frequency generator 60 to the pair of electrode plates 65 and 66, a radio frequency signal is generated thereby creating an alternating electric field which excites the molecules of the medium at the higher levels of the rotational energies, vibrational or rovibrational molecules. According to FIG. 1, the microwave / radio-wave photons which pass through the opening 12 are focused by the reflecting focusing hood 8 to constitute a photon beam 9. The reflective focusing hood 8 is disposed outside the cavity 3 is attached to the aperture 12. The aperture 12 is covered by a transparent material which is transparent to the photons but prevents the medium 7 from escaping out of the cavity 3. By focusing the photon beam 9 to be incident on the network 10 of rectifying antennas 13 the beam is received by the array of rectifying antennas 13 which converts the photons of the photon beam 9 into electricity. In the case where the photon beam generator (transmitter) and the array of rectifying antennas (receiver) are not in line of sight with each other, which means that there may be an obstacle in the path of the photon beam, the photon beam could be directed to a mirror and reflected to the array of rectifying antennas. In FIG. 10, the photon beam generator 151 is pumped using an electromagnetic wave source 152 where the electromagnetic waves are conveyed by the waveguides 153 and 154 to produce a photon beam 155 which is reflected by A mirror 156. The reflected beam 157 is incident on the array of rectifying antennas 158. The captured photon beam is reconverted into electricity and produces a constant current (DC) at the terminals 159. -32 - THEORY OF THIS DEVICE OF PHOTON BEAM GENERATOR OF THE PRESENT NEW WIRELESS ELECTRIC POWER TRANSFER SYSTEM: The principle of operation of this device is as follows: Molecules having a dipole moment are contained in the cavity and are excited by a band of electromagnetic waves low frequencies produced by an electromagnetic wave generator or an RF (radio frequency) generator by devices such as a magnet tron, the klystron or other devices emitting radio waves. The electromagnetic waves emitted by the generator contain frequencies which excite the molecules at their higher levels of rotational or vibrational or rovibrational energies. The molecules return to their stable states spontaneously or by stimulated emission, thereby emitting photons having energies that correspond to energy transitions of rotational or vibrational or rovibrational energy levels. The types of molecules in the cavity are chosen such that their emission spectra emitted when pumped by microwaves correspond to the desired output frequencies of this photon generator device. Thus the present photon beam generator device of the present new wireless electric energy transfer system functions as a power converter device. It converts electrical energy into low frequency photons. This device in comparison with a MASER would be a device that is pumped electromagnetically but produces non-coherent photons. Although the molecules in this new photon beam generator device which is the main component of this revealed wireless electric energy transfer system are used as a two-level particle system and therefore there is will have no amplification of the input signal because there are only 50% of the molecules populated in the excited state at any given moment, ie there is no inversion of the - 33 - population, we still have 50% of the molecules that produce photons that comes out of this device. Thus we have 50% injected electrical energy converted into usable photons. It acts as a device that absorbs electromagnetic energy and produces photons of radio wavelengths and microwaves. The emitted photons have radio and microwave wavelengths, because the energies associated with rotational or vibrational or rovibrational energy transitions are generally smaller compared to the energies associated with electronic transitions. Such photons having low frequencies are preferred from the viewpoint of constructing practical conversion devices. For a better understanding of the present photon beam generator device of the present new wireless electric energy transfer system, we could compare it to a laser as below - Lasers produce a highly coherent beam, coherence concerns the frequency (monochromatism), phase and polarization of the output beam, while the present photon beam generator device of the present new wireless electrical energy transfer system does not produce a coherent beam. It produces a photon beam containing several desired frequencies that could have phases and that could be polarized at all angles. - The cavity used in a laser is resonant while the present photon beam generator device of the present new wireless electric energy transfer system has a cavity that is not resonant, there are no reflecting mirrors. The laser produces a beam having only a single frequency, while the present photon beam generator device of the present new wireless electrical energy transfer system can produce a beam containing multiple frequencies. . - In the laser an amplification of the input signal is possible by the population inversion of the medium while the present photon beam generator device of the present new wireless electrical energy transfer system, amplification of the signal input can not be achieved because there is no population inversion, because the middle molecules of the new photon beam generator device are used as a two-level system. In a laser the atoms or molecules of the medium are used as a three-level system or more the system. In a laser atoms can be used in the medium to produce photons, while in the present photon beam generator device of the present new wireless electric energy transfer system, only the molecules are used to produce photons of radio wavelengths and microwaves, because atoms do not have rotational or vibrational or rovibrational energy levels, so they can not produce rotational or vibrational or rovibrational spectra and indeed can not not produce photons of radio wavelengths and microwaves. Atoms can only be excited at their electronic energy levels. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT RECEIVER DEVICE OF THE NEW ELECTRIC WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER SYSTEM The new wireless electrical energy transfer system also consists of a receiver consisting of a device for capturing and converting the photon beam into electricity which It is composed of a row of rectifying antenna modules, each of these rectifier antenna modules consisting of a semiconductor rectifier connected to a pair of rectifying antenna modules. antenna electrically. The pair of antenna elements convert the received photons into electricity and provide the electrical signal to the semiconductor rectifier. The rectifier antenna modules are further grouped in the subnetworks, each of these subnetworks comprising rectifying antenna modules that are sized to receive photons having a particular frequency. According to FIG. 4 an enlarged view of a rectifier antenna module is shown on the far left of the HG 4 or 88 and 87 are a pair of antenna elements that are configured in a square spiral shape, the ends of these elements of antenna are connected to a semiconductor rectifier 86. The diode 86 is a full bridge circuit rectifier. It converts the AC current signal (C.A) of the photon into a constant current signal (C.C) thus producing electricity at constant current. The outputs C.0 of these modules are connected in parallel to provide a final output to the terminals 14. The pairs of antenna elements used in this device are square. However one can also use the shapes horn dipole, 'bovvtie' or spiral. MAIN ADVANTAGES OF THIS NEW WIRELESS ELECTRIC POWER TRANSFER SYSTEM 20 The main advantages of this new wireless electrical energy transfer system over other current systems are 1. The system can transfer electrical energy by any medium provided the composition of the medium is known; this includes water, so one of the applications could be to transmit electrical energy to subsea installations. -36- 2. Interference: Transmission using microwaves and radio waves may be influenced by interference from noise or electromagnetic radiation present in the transmission medium. Since the present new wireless electrical energy transfer system produces a beam of photons, the beam is less susceptible to interference. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the present novel wireless electrical energy transfer system according to the invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the photon beam generator device of the present novel wireless electric energy transfer system according to the invention wherein the photon beam generator device is pumped using the electromagnetic waves produced by a magnetron. This photon beam generator device is the central part of this wireless energy transfer system which converts electrical energy into photons.

FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the photon beam generator device of the present novel wireless electric energy transfer system according to the invention wherein the photon beam generator device is pumped using a radio frequency generator. This photon beam generator device is the central part of this wireless energy transfer system which converts electrical energy into photons. FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the receiver device of the present new wireless electrical energy transfer system according to the invention wherein the receiver device is an array of rectifying antennas used to capture and convert the photon beam into electricity.

FIG. 5 is a map showing atmospheric transmission windows for the electromagnetic spectrum. FIG 6 is an atmospheric transmission map indicating the main absorption bands of the atmosphere with respect to the electromagnetic spectrum.

FIG. 7 is a table of atmospheric composition. FIG. 8 is a table which shows the different molecular processes and their frequency bands corresponding to the energies associated with rotational or vibrational or rovibrational energy transitions. FIG. 9 is a table which shows the molecular structure of the main atmospheric constituents which indicate the dipole nature of the molecule, thus showing which molecules are capable of having rotational absorption spectra. FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of the present novel wireless electrical energy transfer system according to the invention with an additional mirror included in the optical path formed between the photon beam generator device and the receiver device which is a network of rectifying antennas. DRAWINGS - REFERENCE FIGURES 15 E101. 1. Wireless Electricity Transfer System 2. Photon Beam Generator Cooling System 15 3. Photon Beam Generator Cavity 15 4. Electromagnetic Wave Source for the Photon Beam Generator 15 5. Passage of the waveguide 16 6. Passage of the waveguide 17 7. Medium of the molecules in the cavity 3 of the photon beam generator 15 8. Reflective focusing hood attached to the opening 12 of the cavity 3 - 39 - 9. Photon beam emerging from the photon beam generator 15 10. Waveguide coverage for the waveguide 16 11. Waveguide coverage for the waveguide 17 12. Opening the cavity 3 s 13. Rectifier antenna array (Rectenna) 14. Rectifier antenna network output terminals (Rectenna) 13 15. Photon beam generator FIG 2. 10 25. Photon beam generator in detail 29. Environment Molecules 30. Wave Guide 31 Waveguide 32. Passage through the waveguide 15 33. Passage through the waveguide 34. Reflective focusing cap 35. Waveguide cover 36. Waveguide cover 37. Opening for the cavity 38 of the photon beam generator 25 38. The photon beam generator cavity 25 39. The photon beam generator cooling device 40 40. The photon beam output beam 25 Magnetron to produce the electromagnetic waves that pump the molecules of the medium 29 F1G 3. 55. Photon beam generator with the radio frequency generator 60 as a source of electromagnetic energy to excite the medium 59 59. Medium of the molecules of the cavity 68 of the photon beam generator 55 60. Radio Frequency Generator (RF) for pumping the molecules of the medium 59 to 61. Radio Frequency (RF) generator output terminal 60 which connects to the plate 62. The output terminal of the radio frequency (RF) generator 60 which connects to the electrode plate 66. The focusing reflective hood attached to the opening 67 of the cavity 68. 65. A pair of electrode plates coupled to the radio frequency (RF) generator 60 which produces an oscillating electric field. 66. A pair of electrode plates coupled to the radio frequency (RF) generator 60 which produces an oscillating electric field. 67. Opening of the cavity 68 of the photon beam generator 55 20 68. Cavity of the photon beam generator 55 69. Cooling device for the photon beam generator 55 70. Photon beam coming out of the photon beam generator 55 - 41 - FIG 4. 80. Subnetworks comprising rectifier antenna modules which are sized to receive photons having a particular frequency 81. Rectifier antenna module, each module consisting of a semiconductor diode coupled to a pair of antenna elements 82. Subnetworks comprising rectifying antenna modules which are sized to receive photons having a particular frequency 83. Rectifier antenna module, each module consisting of a diode of A semiconductor coupled to a pair of antenna elements 84. Subnetworks comprising rectifying antenna modules that are sized to receive photons having a frequency of Specific Equation 85. Rectifier antenna module, each module consisting of a semiconductor diode coupled to a pair of antenna elements 86. Semiconductor diode coupled to element pair 87 and 88 antenna. 87. One pair of antenna elements coupled to diode 86 88. One pair of antenna elements coupled to diode 86 90. Rectifier antenna array (Rectenna) 20 FIG 5. 100. A map which shows atmospheric transmission windows for the electromagnetic spectrum. FIG. 6. 110. An atmospheric transmission map indicating the main absorption bands of the atmosphere with regard to the electromagnetic spectrum FIG. 7. 120. A table of the atmospheric composition. FIG. 8. 130. A table which shows the different molecular processes and their frequency bands which correspond to the energies associated with rotational or vibrational or rovibrational energy transitions. FIG. 9. 140. A table which shows the molecular structure of the main atmospheric constituents which indicate the dipole nature of the molecule, thus showing which molecules are capable of having rotational absorption spectra. FIG. 150. A schematic representation of the present novel wireless electrical energy transfer system according to the invention with an additional mirror 156 included 151. Photon beam generator 202. Electromagnetic wave source 153. A guide to wave 154. Waveguide 155. Photon beam emerging from photon beam generator 151. -156 - 156. Mirror to reflect and direct the photon beam 155. 157. Incident reflected photon beam on the Rectifier Antenna Network 158. Rectifier Antenna Network (Rectenna) 159. C.0 Network Output Terminals (Constant Current) Rectifier Antennas (Rectenna) 158 - 44 - EXAMPLE OF AN EMBODIMENT OF THE PRESENT NEW ELECTRIC WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER SYSTEM Cavity Construction: According to FIG. 1, the cavity 3 is a metallic cuboid chamber made of galvanized stainless steel. The inner surface of the cavity 3 is coated with a material such as enamel which is inert in the middle of the molecules 7, thus it means that it does not react chemically with the medium. The coating can also be material such as quartz glass obtained by fusing quartz or sand.

The metal body of the cavity 3 makes the cavity 3 like a Faraday cage upside down, so that the electromagnetic waves entering the cavity through the waveguides 16 and 17 are reflected from the walls of the cavity 3 and trapped. inside the cavity 3. The inner surface of the cavity 3 must also be able to reflect the emitted photons of the molecules. The inner surface or the walls of the cavity 3 should also be inert to the molecules of the medium 7. The cavity 3 can also have a cylindrical shape. The cavity 3 could be coupled to several waveguides, in this system 1 currently revealed there are two waveguides 16 and 17 according to FIG. 1. The waveguides 16 and 17 guide the electromagnetic waves 4 produced by passages 5 and 6 in the cavity 3. Selection of a medium: Here in this embodiment of the system 1 revealed we could use for example the nitrous oxide as medium 7 of the cavity 3 of the photon beam generator 15. It can be seen from FIG. 9 that nitrous oxide can be excited at a frequency of 25 GHz. Therefore all the component devices of this system 1 depend on the excitation frequencies of the medium to be sized accordingly. Source of Electromagnetic Waves: We can use a magnetron 41 as in FIG 2 which is custom-built and which operates at 25 GHz to pump medium 29. Waveguides: A waveguide is a metallic conductive rectangular pipe or a metal conductive circular pipe that guides the electromagnetic waves. They propagate signals above a certain frequency. The frequency limit depends on its dimensions. A very rough calculation of the dimensions required for a waveguide would be to follow a rule of keeping the width of the waveguide in the same order of magnitude of the wavelength of the passing signal. Therefore, an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength of 12.2 cm (approximately 2.45 gigahertz) would require at least an interior dimension greater than 6.1 cm. The waveguides used are rectangular pipes made of alloys such as aluminum, copper, bronze, Invar, stainless steel, and silver coins. A typical waveguide that operates between 50 GHz and 70 GHz is made of stainless steel and the internal dimensions in inches would be 0.148 x .074. The wall thickness could have varied from .04 to .01 inches. Waveguides and waveguide components are readily available on the market and could also be made to order. Waveguide Blankets: The waveguide blankets 10 and 11 are required at the inputs of the waveguides 16 and 17 in the cavity 3. They prevent leakage of the medium from the cavity into the waveguides. However they allow electromagnetic waves to cross the passage. They are usually made from mica leaves. Opening: The cavity 3 has an opening 12 to allow the photons emitted by the medium 7 to pass and its sector is large enough to allow the photons having the longest wavelength to pass. It also has a transparent hermetic cover which is transparent to the photons but does not allow the medium 7 to escape out of the cavity 3.

Cooling device: The cooling of the cavity 3 using a cooling system 2 is necessary to maintain the medium at a temperature where the thermal distribution of the different levels of rotational energy of the molecules must be taken into account. The number of molecules at a rotational energy level depends on the temperature of the medium. There is a temperature where the number of molecules in a level of rotational energy V is maximum, which is desired for the maximum conversion efficiency of the photon beam generator. So this particular temperature must be maintained. It is also necessary to absorb unused electromagnetic energy. As much as possible, the entire outer surface of the cavity is connected to the cooling device. The cooling device may be a heat exchanger employing water as the exchange medium. The heat exchange medium could be distributed in a spiral tube which surrounds the outside of the cavity 3. In FIG. 1, the cooling system 2 is shown as a single block. - 47 - Rectifier Antenna Network Construction (Rectenna): The new wireless electrical energy transfer system also consists of a receiver consisting of a device for capturing and converting the photon beam into electricity which is an array of antennas It is composed of a row of rectifying antenna modules, each of these rectifier antenna modules consisting of a semiconductor rectifier connected to a pair of electrically antenna elements. The pair of antenna elements convert the received photons into electricity and provide the electrical signal to the semiconductor rectifier. The rectifier antenna modules are further grouped in the sub-arrays, each of these sub-arrays comprising rectifier antenna modules which are sized to receive photons having a particular frequency of the photon beam 9 exiting the beam generator. of photons 15 of the system 1.

FIG. 4 shows a detailed view of the rectifier antenna array 13. According to FIG. 4 a magnified view of a rectifier antenna module is shown on the far left where 88 and 87 are antenna elements which are configured in a form of a square spiral, the ends of which are connected to the semiconductor diode 86. The diode 86 is a rectifier bridge circuit which converts the ac signal of the photon into a current signal. constant (CC), thereby producing the constant current (DC) electric current. Constant current (DC) outputs of these modules are connected in parallel to give a final output on the terminals 14. The pairs of antenna elements used in this example have a square spiral shape, but one could also use shapes such as dipole, bowtie and spiral. -48 - Industrial Applications - The new wireless electrical energy transfer system can transfer electrical energy by any transmission medium provided the composition of the medium is known; this includes water, so one of the applications could be to transmit electrical energy to underwater installations. Solar Energy: The energy harvested from solar satellites in space can be transmitted to the earth by more efficient means than other methods. -49 - REFERENCES - Efficient wireless: non-radiative mid-range: energy transfer: URL: http://anciv.org/pdf/Physics/0611063 - Wireless energy transfer for stand-alone systems: a comparison between low and high power applicability: URL: http://144.206.159.178/ft/943/42583/770465.pdf - Energy transfer: a spectroscopic ruler. : URL http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC335693/pdf/pnas00678-0323.pdf - Wireless power transfer via strongly coupled magnetic resonances: URL http://www2.Ins.mit. eduffisherp / 83.pdf - Energy transfer mechanisms and the molecular exciton model for molecular aggregates: URL http: //wwwsrjournalorg/doi/abs/10.2307/3571331 - An electronic chemical transition laser: URL http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ xpls / abs_all.jsp? arnumber = 4847296 - GA Landis, "Applications for Space Power by Laser Transmission," SPIE Optics, Electro-optics & Laser Conference, Los Angeles CA, 24-28 January 1994; Laser Power Beaming, SPIE Proceedings Vol 2121, 252-255. G. Landis, M. Stavnes, S. Oleson and J. Bozek, "Space Transfer With Ground-Based Laser / Electric Propulsion" (AIAA-92-3213) NASA Technical Memorandum TM106060 (1992). - Landis, Geoffrey A. (7-12 May 2006). "Re-evaluating Satellite Solar Power Systems for Earth". IEEE 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion. p. 2. - Tesla: Man Out of Time, Margaret Cheney., P. 174 - Wireless Power Transmission for Solar Power Satellite (SPS), Space Solar Power Workshop, Georgia Institute of Technology - POINT-TO-POINT WIRELESS POWER TRANSPORTATION AT ISLAND MEETING 48th International Astronautical Congress, Turin, Italy , 6-10 October 1997 -1AF-97-R.4.08 JD Lan Sun Luk, A. Celeste, P. Romanacce, L. Kuang Sang Chak, JC Gatina - University of Reunion - Faculty of Science and Technology. - Sahai, A .; Graham, David (June 2, 2011). "Optical wireless power transmission at long wavelengths". IEEE International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS), 2011, Santa Monica, CA (Print ISBN 978-1-4244-9686-0): 164170. doi: 10.1109 / ICSOS.2011.5783662.1SBN 978-1-4244- 9686-0. - "Power transmission via lasers". Laserfocusworld.com. - "Lasers Power Planes, Drones". Defensetech.org. - "Free-Space Laser Propagation: Atmospheric Effects". leee.org. - L. C. Andrews & R. L. Phillips, Laser Beam Propagation through Random Media, 2nd ed. (SPIE Press, 2005). Google Books. 2005. ISBN 978-0-8194-5948-0. - "Power Beaming (Climber) Competition". Spaceward.org. "Dryden Flight Research Center, Beamed Laser Power for UAVs". Nasa.gov.

May 7, 2008. - 50 - - Leyh, GE and MD Kennan, "Efficient Wireless Transmission of Power Using Resonators with Coupled Electric Fields," North American Power Symposium - Wait, James R., The Ancient and Modem History of EM Ground. Wave Propagation, "IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol 40, No. 5, October 1998." "Power from the Sun: Its Future," Science Vol 162, pp. 957-961 (1968) - "A. Kumar, S. Mirabbasi, and M. Chiao, "Resonance-Based Wireless Power Delivery for Implantable Devices," IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS), pp. 25-28, November 2009 "-" C.A. Tucker, K. Warwick, W. Holderbaum, "Efficient Wireless Power Delivery for Biomedical Implants," IET Wireless Sensor Systems.

Claims (18)

CLAIMS1) Wireless electric energy transfer system, comprising: a photon beam generator that produces a photon beam; device for capturing and converting said photon beam into electricity; said photon beam generator comprising: a cavity, said cavity provided with an opening, a medium contained in said cavity, said medium consisting of molecules, said molecules being a homogeneous collection of molecules, said homogeneous collection of molecules consisting of less than one type of molecule, said molecules having a dipole moment, each of said molecules consisting of at least two atoms, pumping device, said pumping device being an electromagnetic wave source or a radiofrequency generator, said source electromagnetic waves having a frequency or a selected frequency band of the group comprising the rotational spectrum of said molecules, the vibrational spectrum of said molecules and the rovibrational spectrum of said molecules, said radio frequency generator having a frequency or a selected frequency band of the group comprising the rotational spectrum s of said molecules, the vibrational spectrum of said molecules and the rovibrational spectrum of said molecules. 2) The system according to claim 1 characterized in that said source of electromagnetic waves is disposed on the outside of said cavity, wherein said source of electromagnetic waves is coupled to said cavity via at least one guide of wave. 3) The system according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterized in that said at least one waveguide is equipped with a cover, said cover placed between said at least one waveguide and said cavity, said cover being transparent to said source of electromagnetic waves, said cover preventing said medium contained in said cavity from escaping into said at least one waveguide. 4) The system according to claim 1 characterized in that said radio frequency generator is disposed on the outside of said cavity, said radio frequency generator being electrically coupled to a pair of electrode plates, said pair of electrode plates arranged on the inside of said cavity. 5) The system of claim 1 characterized in that said opening is equipped with reflective focusing hood, said reflective focusing hood attached to said opening on the outside of said cavity. 10 6) The system of claim 1 characterized in that said opening is covered with transparent material, said transparent material being transparent to photons emitted by said molecules. 7. The system of claim 1 characterized in that said aperture has a diameter greater than the wavelength of the photon having the longest wavelength emitted by said molecules to allow photons having the greatest length. wave emitted by said molecules to pass. 8) The system of claim 1 characterized in that the inner surface of said cavity is reflected for the photons emitted by said molecules. 9) The system of claim 1 characterized in that the inner surface of said cavity is reflected for the electromagnetic waves produced by said source of electromagnetic waves. 10) The system of claim 1 characterized in that said cavity is equipped with a cooling system, said cooling system disposed on the outer surface of said cavity. 25 11) The system according to claim 1 characterized in that said device for capturing and converting said photon beam into electricity is a network of rectifying antennas, said rectifier antenna array being a row of rectifying antenna modules each of said rectifier antenna modules consists of a semiconductor rectifier and a pair of antenna elements connected to said semiconductor rectifier for providing an electrical signal to said semiconductor rectifier, said antenna modules rectifiers being further grouped in the subarrays, each of said subarrays comprising rectifying antenna modules that are sized to receive photons having a particular frequency. 12) Method for transmitting wireless electrical energy through a transmission medium characterized in that it comprises the steps of: providing a photon beam generator which produces a photon beam, said beam generator photons comprising a cavity, providing an aperture for said cavity, selecting a type of medium to be contained in said cavity, said medium consisting of molecules, said molecules being a homogeneous collection of molecules, said homogeneous collection of molecules consisting of at least one type of molecule, said molecules having a dipole moment, each of said molecules consisting of at least two atoms, filling said cavity of said medium, providing a source of waves electromagnetic or radiofrequency generator as pumping devices, said source of electromagnetic waves having a frequency or a frequency band is selected from the group comprising the rotational spectrum of said molecules, the vibrational spectrum of said molecules and the rovibrational spectrum of said molecules, said radio frequency generator having a frequency or a selected frequency band of the group comprising the rotational spectrum of said molecules, the vibrational spectrum of said molecules and the rovibrational spectrum of said molecules, providing a device for capturing and converting said photon beam into electricity, pumping said molecules from said medium to their higher energy levels selected from the group comprising the higher levels of rotational energies of said molecules, the higher levels of vibrational energies of said molecules and the higher levels of rovibrational energies of said molecules, the production of said photon beam, the focusing of said photon beam, the provision of device for capturing and converting said photon beam into electricity, capturing and converting said photon beam into electricity using said apparatus for capturing and converting said photon beam into electricity. 13) The method according to claim 12 characterized in that said step of providing an electromagnetic wave source or a radio frequency generator as a pumping device comprises more steps: on a condition in which said source of electromagnetic waves has been provided as a pumping device, placing said source of electromagnetic waves on the outside of said cavity, providing at least one waveguide, coupling said source of electromagnetic waves to said cavity through said at least one waveguide, generating electromagnetic waves from said source of electromagnetic waves, guiding said electromagnetic waves by said at least one waveguide. - 14) The method according to claim 12 characterized in that said step of providing an electromagnetic wave source or a radio frequency generator as a pumping device is composed of more steps: on a condition in which said radiofrequency generator was provided as a pumping device, placing said radio frequency generator on the outside of said cavity, providing a pair of electrode plates, placing said pair of electrode plates on the interior of said cavity, placing said pair of electrode plates in relation to each other, electrically coupling said radio frequency generator to said pair of electrode plates, generating a signal of radio frequency. 15) The method according to claim 12 characterized in that said step of providing a device for capturing and converting said photon beam into electricity consists of more steps of: providing an antenna array said rectifier antenna array being a row of rectifying antenna modules, each of said rectifier antenna modules consists of a semiconductor rectifier and a pair of antenna elements connected to said semiconductor rectifier. providing an electrical signal to said semiconductor rectifier, said rectifier antenna modules being further grouped in the subarrays, each of said subarrays including rectifying antenna modules which are sized to receive photons having a particular frequency Placing said array of rectifying antennas against said photon beam. 16) The method according to claim 12 characterized in that said step of providing an opening for said cavity is composed of more steps of: - providing a reflective hood, said reflective hood attached to said opening on the outside of said cavity to focus the photons produced by said photon beam generator. 17. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that said step of selecting a type of medium to be contained in said cavity consists of more steps of: choosing a molecular composition of said medium of such that at least one frequency of the band of frequencies which are selected from the group comprising the rotational spectrum of said molecules, the vibrational spectrum of said molecules and the rovibrational spectrum of said molecules are not present in the absorption spectrum of said medium of transmission. 18. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that said step of capturing and converting said photon beam into electricity using said device for capturing and converting said photon beam into electricity is preceded by a passing step. said photon beam by an optical path consisting of at least one reflector.