FR3002299A3 - Mechanical motion transmission for use in e.g. vehicle, has mechanical unit for preventing connector from driving over rolling track's portion that is remote from axis of main shaft, where main shaft comprises arm with connector - Google Patents

Abstract

The transmission has a main shaft comprising an elastically deformable arm (21) that is provided with a connector (219) co-acting with a rolling track (61) of a secondary shaft (6). A mechanical unit i.e. guide (71), prevents the connector from driving over a portion of the rolling track, which is remote from an axis of the main shaft. The main shaft comprises a crown centered on a rotation axis. The arm rotates around an arm axis, where center of gravity of the arm is located approximately on the arm axis. The connector rotates around a connector axis located on the arm.

Description

The invention is a continuous mechanical variator, that is to say a motion transmission device whose gear ratio can vary continuously.

Problem posed The primary objective pursued by the present invention is to replace the gearboxes of cars by a transmission which is simpler, very robust and capable of transmitting a large power, a transmission whose gear ratio varies either as a function of the resistant torque , either according to its own rotational speed or according to another parameter.

PRIOR ART Numerous continuously variable transmissions are known which make an endless flexible traction element such as a chain or a belt cooperate with elements articulated on a disc and capable of moving away from it by pivoting or sliding. We also know transmissions that transmit energy by a single point and therefore can only transfer very low power. Non-slip transmissions are also known, such as EP0285719 (B1) from Korban Joseph, EP1348082 (A2) by Fischer Herwig, US4326431 (A) by Stephenson Roger, which disclose rotation shafts having remote axes of rotation and which cooperate with each other. by various elements so that the transmitted speed differs according to the distance between these axes.

Kikuyama Tojuji's FR866718 (A) is also known, which protects a transmission mechanism comprising a first wheel on which a number of gripping members have been arranged in the radius direction, and a second wheel located in front of the first wheel, on the rim of which a number of projections intended to engage in the gripping members of the first wheel in a determined direction of rotation have been arranged, but disengaging from these members in the opposite direction of rotation, this is freewheel mechanisms. This document states that the transmission ratio varies when the distance between the trees is varied. Brief Description of the Drawings The invention will be well understood, and other objects, advantages and features thereof will become more clearly apparent from the following description, which is illustrated by FIGS. devices or parts of devices according to the invention. Figure 1 is a perspective view of a transmission having arms 22 and following pivot about an axis 210 said axis of arm parallel to the axis of a ring 1 integral with the said primary shaft not shown. Each arm 21 22 and following can thus rotate about an axis, respectively 210, 220 and following, located at one of its ends, this axis being parallel to the axis of rotation of said ring 1, and comprises its other end a connector, respectively 219, 229 and following, which is here a freewheel gear. These connectors cooperate with the raceway 61 secured to another shaft said secondary shaft 6, said raceway here being an internal toothing.

Figure 2 is the device of Figure 1 after the distance between the two shafts has been changed. Figure 3 is a perspective view of a variant in which the arms 21, 22 and following consist of two parts hinged together respectively 21a and 2 lb, 22a and 22b et seq.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a second variant comprising three assemblies similar to those of FIGS. 1 and 2, juxtaposed along a primary shaft 10. The three crowns are integral with the shaft 10 and the three shafts said secondary are interdependent. Figures 5 and 6 are perspective views of a third variant, the locking member 2136 of the shaft 21 is a pawl cooperating with one of the teeth 611, 612 and following of the raceway 61. This ratchet is an end of a movable member 213 connected to the blade 21 by an axis 2121. Figure 7 is a perspective view of a fourth variant comprising two assemblies similar to those of Figures 1 and 2, which are opposite the along a primary shaft 10 and each provided with freewheels rotating freely in an opposite direction. FIG. 8 is a diagram of a fifth variant in which the six arms 21 and following are integral with the so-called primary shaft 10, and the connectors 219 229 and following can slide along these arms. Point G is the center of gravity of the connectors. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention is a mechanical transmission of movement connecting two shafts, one of which said primary shaft 10 is provided with at least two elements known as arms 21 and 22, characterized in that each of said arms 21 and 22 is provided with a movement transmission means said connector 219 cooperating with all or part of a raceway 61 of the said secondary shaft 6, and said connector comprises a mechanical means said locking element 2136 l preventing movement freely in a direction of rotation along the portion of said raceway 61 with which the connector 219 can cooperate, according to other features of the invention: - the segment from the axis of rotation said primary shaft at the point of contact between said connector 219 and said raceway 61 is not radial with respect to the center of rotation of said primary shaft; said primary shaft 10 comprises a ring 1 centered on its rotation, and an arm can rotate about an axis said arm axis 210 located on said ring 1; the center of gravity of an arm 21 is located substantially along its axis of rotation 210; a connector 219 can rotate about an axis said connector axis 210 located on said arm 21 and its center of gravity is located substantially on this axis; the length of the segment from the axis of rotation of the said primary shaft to the point of contact between said connector 219 and said raceway 61 increases elastically with the tension experienced by said arm 21; Changing the distance between the axis of rotation of said primary shaft and said point of contact between said connector 219 and said raceway 61 changes the angular position of said connector about said axis. the number of arms 21, 22 and following is a multiple of 6; said locking member 2136 of said connector 219 is a pawl locking on the teeth of a toothing located along said raceway 61; said locking member 2136 of said connector 219 is a rolling element or a wedge jamming by wedging with said raceway 61; said connector 219 is a pinion provided with a free wheel; said connector comprises two locking means of different natures, mechanical means putting into operation one and / or the other of these two locking means; the commissioning of a locking element 2136 is determined according to the importance of the centrifugal force to which the connector 219 is subjected; a connector 219 is guided over at least part of its path by a guide path 8 which is not integral in rotation with the secondary axis and which is not a circle whose axis is substantially coincident with that of the so-called secondary tree. the mechanical transmission comprises a mechanical means allowing the jamming of said locking element 2136 only for a predetermined range of angular values between the segment joining the axis of rotation of said primary shaft and the point of contact between said locking element 2136 and said path rolling 61; the mechanical transmission comprises a mechanical means allowing the jamming of said locking element 2136 only along a portion of said raceway 61; the distance between the center of rotation of said ring gear 1 and said arm axis 210 is equal to or greater than the radius of said raceway 61; an arm 21 can rotate about its axis 210 inwardly and outwardly of the ring 1; an arm 21 is constituted of at least two parts 21a and 2 lb hinged together; the transmission comprises at least two sets of arms located in different planes; the transmission comprises at least two sets of arms whose direction of rotation of the freewheels are opposite; the invention is a winch provided with a transmission according to the invention; the invention is a fishing reel equipped with a transmission according to the invention; the invention is a motor vehicle equipped with a transmission according to the invention; the invention is an elevator provided with a transmission according to the invention; the invention is a turbine provided with a transmission according to the invention; the invention is a machine provided with a transmission according to the invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A so-called primary shaft 10 is provided with at least two elements called arms 21 and 22, each of said arms 21 and 22 being provided with a movement transmission means said connector 219 being able to move freely. in a direction of rotation along a raceway 61 secured to a so-called secondary shaft. A connector travels an even greater distance along the raceway 61 than it is farther from the axis of rotation of the primary shaft 10, and the speed of rotation of the so-called secondary shaft 6 is therefore determined by the connector farthest from the axis of rotation 210 of the corresponding blade 21. In a preferred variant, the device makes it possible to obtain automatic regulation of the transmission ratio as a function of the resistive torque, which is a great novelty. This is achieved by the fact that the segment from the axis of rotation of the primary shaft to the point of contact between said connector 219 and said raceway 61 is not radial with respect to the center of rotation of the primary said tree. Thus, the resistive torque has the effect of increasing or decreasing the distance of the connector to the axis of the primary shaft, which changes the position of the axis of this axis, and therefore the transmission ratio. The word arm used here means any possible mechanical connection means between the said primary shaft 10 and a connector 219. It may be a rod, a sliding element in a guide, or any other known means allowing to move an element along a predetermined path. In a preferred version, the said primary shaft 10 is provided with a ring 1 which is integral therewith, which drives the arms 21 and following which can rotate around their point of attachment on said ring, respectively 210 220 and following, these in turn causing the connectors 219, 229 and following. The connectors are guided by a wheel 2128 along a guide path 8 secured to the frame of the device. A connector travels a much greater distance along the guide path 8 than it is further from the axis of rotation of the primary shaft 10.

On at least part of its path, the guide path 8 moves the connector 219 along the raceway 61. A connector has a locking member 2136 preventing it from moving freely in a direction of rotation along the path 61. It may be either a pawl locking on the teeth of a toothing located along the raceway 61 that a rolling element or a cam jamming by jamming with the raceway 61, or a sprocket with freewheel mechanism. By varying the distance between the two primary and secondary shafts, the transmission ratio is modified. The resistive torque tends to rotate an arm in either direction about its arm axis 210, which alters this distance, and thus the transmission ratio. Those skilled in the art can thus choose a geometry of the arms such that the transmission ratio varies depending on the resistant torque, which is a great novelty. This also works with arms rigidly attached to the primary shaft 10, but provided that the arms are not spokes of the primary shaft. The rule is that the distance between the axis of rotation of the shaft said primary shaft and said point of contact between said connector 219 and said raceway 61 changes the angular position of the connector about said axis. The person skilled in the art knows how to dispose an additional shaft aligned with the so-called primary shaft or the so-called secondary shaft, connected by gears, chain or any other known mechanical means to the other shaft, the secondary or the primary one. the case, so that the distance between these two shafts can be changed by rotating the axis of said other shaft around the additional shaft (not shown). A mechanical control controlled by the user or by a control electronics thus makes it possible to modify the transmission ratio as desired. A connector can slide along a rectilinear arm or fancy form attached to the ring 1 or, which amounts to the same, to the said primary shaft 10, but the most advantageous solution is that which comes from be described: an arm 21 can rotate about an axis said arm axis 210 located on the ring 1, that is to say at a distance from the axis of rotation of the primary shaft 10. The distance of the axis of the primary shaft 10 of the connectors 219 229 and following must be sufficient for them to effectively cooperate with the teeth of the secondary shaft. This can be ensured by an elastic return, by the centrifugal force, or by a roller secured to the connector and cooperating with the periphery of the secondary shaft 6 (not shown). The device works as well in one direction as in the other, the so-called secondary shaft can play the role of primary shaft and the said primary shaft that of secondary shaft. The so-called secondary shaft may be provided with toothing or friction surfaces provided that a fairly high coefficient of friction is chosen.

In the case where the locking element 2136 is a rolling element or a cam, it is not necessary that this coefficient of friction is very high, because the pressure of this element on the raceway 61 is very important. A connector 219 may simultaneously comprise two locking means of different natures, for example a rolling element or a cam jamming by jamming with the raceway 61, and a pawl locking on the teeth of a toothing located along the Advantageously, a known mechanical means can put into operation one and / or the other of these two locking means, as required, for example to put into operation the ratchet mechanism when the resistant torque exceeds a certain value, or to disable it from a certain speed of rotation. The commissioning of a locking element 2136 can be determined according to the importance of the centrifugal force to which the connector 219 is subjected. The arms can be straight or curved or any form of fantasy. In a preferred version, the arms fold virtually without clearance between them. They can also be flexible, simple cables. The cooperation of the connectors can be done both with the inside and the outside of the secondary shaft, or with its lateral surface. To allow greater movement of an arm 21, it is desirable that it can rotate around its axis 210 both inwardly of the ring 1 and outwardly (version not shown). In this case, it is even possible that the radius of the ring 1 is greater than that of the secondary shaft 6. Another solution to increase the deflection is to use articulated arms as shown in Figure 3. 25 here described arm axes 210, 220 and following which are parallel to the axis of rotation of the two said primary and secondary shafts, but they may both be perpendicular to these shafts or differently oriented (versions not shown). The position of a connector 219 can be determined by an elastic return towards its position closest to the axis of rotation of the so-called primary shaft, or towards its position farthest from the axis of rotation of the said primary shaft or to any intermediate position, by the centrifugal force which is applied to its rotating mass, according to the location of its center of gravity, which is freely determined by those skilled in the art which can automatically regulate the transmission ratio by playing on these parameters. Indeed, the resisting torque has an influence on the opening of the arms and can therefore be used to regulate the transmission ratio, which is a very important advantage of the transmission according to the invention.

Advantageously, an arm 21 rotatable about its arm axis 210 has a center of gravity located on its axis of rotation 210, to avoid generating vibration. Those skilled in the art obtain this easily by the addition of a counterweight (not shown). FIG. 8 illustrates that the center of gravity G of the connectors 219 229 et seq remains substantially fixed when there are six arms 21 22 and which are fixed with respect to the so-called primary shaft 10. In this, the number arm is advantageously a multiple of 6 for the center of gravity of the connectors is fixed, so as not to generate vibration. This multiple arm number of 6 is also desirable when a connector 219 is movable relative to an arm 21 pivotable about an axis 210.

As represented in FIGS. 1 to 7, the arms 21 and following are curved to have a certain elasticity between their two ends when locking a connector on the so-called secondary shaft, to regulate by an elastic return the speed variations of the trained tree. This form also has the advantage of reducing the size when the arms are folded. The important thing is that the length of the arm is elastically deformable.

An alternative is to add a spring between the blade 1 and the arm 21, or between the arm 21 and its connector, or at any other point of the arm. Other means can be envisaged to reduce the speed variations of the driven shaft, such as a spring on any integral part of the drive shaft or the driven shaft, but this has the effect of giving rise to flexibility in the transmission, which is not suitable for certain uses, for example for transmissions of vehicles. It is advantageous to increase the number of arms to regulate the operation of the device and to reduce the importance of the speed variations of the driven shaft. In order to prevent the connectors from colliding with each other when they are too close together, it is possible to provide the transmission with several sets similar to those of FIGS. 1 and 2, juxtaposed along the so-called primary shaft 10 in planes different, as shown in Figure 4. It is seen in Figure 2 that there are more connectors in the part of the device between the axis of rotation of the ring 1 and that of the secondary shaft 6. The The speed variations of the driven shaft are therefore less important when it is these connectors that transmit the movement from one tree to another.

It also shows that the connectors located in the opposite part of the device move at speeds closer to each other. It is therefore advantageous to provide the mechanical transmission according to the invention with a mechanical means such that the locking of a connector intervenes only in one or other of these parts of the device. Two methods are proposed: The jamming of the locking member 2136 may occur for a predetermined range of angular values between the segment joining the arm axis 210 of the arm 21 and the point of contact between the locking member 2136 and the raceway 61; 2. The mechanical transmission may comprise a mechanical means allowing jamming of the locking element 2136 only along a portion of the raceway 61; This second solution is illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6. The blade 21 is connected with a so-called guide element 212 pivoting about an axis 2121 integral with the free end of the arm 21 and kept at a distance from a path 8 secured to the frame of the device by a wheel 2128.

This guide element supports the mobile element 213 which comprises the pawl 2136, the movable element 213 pivots about an axis 2131 integral with said element said guide member 212. The pawl 2136 itself is kept at a constant distance from the path 8, by a wheel 2138, which substantially deviates from the raceway 61 over part of its path, and the pawl 2136 of the device can be blocked by teeth 611 612 and following that on a part of his journey. As a result, the drive of the secondary shaft 6 is performed by a blade which is not fully open. A same primary said shaft can cooperate with several so-called independent secondary trees, and the same secondary said tree can cooperate with several so-called independent primary trees. Figure 4 can also illustrate this.

It is possible to pair two devices according to the invention with freewheels freely rotating in opposite directions, in order to benefit from a motor brake as shown in Figure 7. It is recommended in some cases to use articulated arms as those illustrated in Figure 3, to prevent blockage, or to provide elasticity in the mechanical connection between the two primary shafts la and lb or between the two secondary shafts 6a and 6b. Two sets each consisting of a ring with its arms and connectors can also be installed inside the same cylinder or two cylinders cooperating with each other. Such transmissions can be associated in series to obtain very large gear ratios, or in parallel, two sets of arms can cooperate with the same secondary shaft 6 to add the power of two motor shafts.

Adding the power of two engines has multiple applications, such as bicycles in tandem, making hybrid vehicles with a heat engine and an electric motor, or that of hoists or winches maneuvered simultaneously by several people. A transmission according to the present invention may be designed to replace the differentials, by providing each of the transmission wheel shafts according to the invention. Overall performance is better than that of a differential.

In general, a transmission according to the invention can be substituted for conventional gears or friction systems in the majority of the known combinations, for making gearboxes, hoists, winches, winches and transmissions. all sorts.

The primary shaft can receive its energy directly from a motor, or through a shaft called anterior shaft. All known cooperation means can be envisaged, such as for example a helical gear. Main advantages of the invention over the prior art The fact that the segment from the axis of rotation of the primary shaft to the point of contact between said connector 219 and said raceway 61 is not radial to the center of rotation of the so-called primary shaft has the effect that the transmission ratio automatically adapts according to the resistant torque. The fact that said primary shaft 10 comprises a ring 1 centered on its rotation, and that an arm can rotate about an axis said arm axis 210 located on said ring 1 considerably limits the size of the transmission, and also allows automatic regulation of the transmission ratio as a function of the resistant torque. The fact that the center of gravity of an arm 21 is located substantially along its axis of rotation 210 and a connector 219 can rotate about an axis called connector axis 210 located on said arm 21 and its center. gravity is located substantially on this axis allows to remove the vibrations. The fact that the length of the segment going from the axis of rotation of the said primary shaft to the point of contact between the said connector 219 and the said raceway 61 increases elastically with the tension experienced by the said arm 21 makes it possible to smooth the ratio of The fact that the number of arms 21, 22 and following is a multiple of 6 makes it possible to maintain the center of gravity of the connectors at a fixed point, to avoid vibrations. The fact that said locking element 2136 of said connector 219 is a rolling element or a cam jamming by wedging with said raceway 61 makes it possible to limit the noise of the transmission, by eliminating the freewheel pawls. The fact that said connector comprises two locking means of different natures, a mechanical means 30 putting into service one and / or the other of these two locking means, and that the commissioning of a locking element 2136 is determined according to the importance of the centrifugal force to which the connector 219 is subjected makes it possible to adapt the resistance of the transmission if necessary. The fact that a connector 219 is guided over at least part of its path by a guide path 8 which is not integral in rotation with the secondary axis and which is not a circle whose axis is substantially confused with that of the shaft said secondary, and / or that the mechanical transmission comprises a mechanical means allowing the jamming of said locking member 2136 only for a predetermined range of angular values between the segment joining the axis of rotation of said primary shaft and the point of contact between said locking element 2136 and said raceway 61 and / or that the mechanical transmission comprises a mechanical means that allows said blocking element 2136 to jam only along a portion of said raceway 61, allows to limit the a-cycling of the transmission. The fact that an arm 21 can rotate about its axis 210 inwardly and outwardly of the ring 1 makes it possible to increase the possible variation of transmission ratios. The fact that the transmission comprises at least two sets of arms located in different planes makes it possible to bring the connectors closer together, and thus to bring the primary and secondary shafts closer together in order to obtain the greatest reduction in power. The fact that the transmission comprises at least two sets of arms whose direction of rotation of the freewheels are opposite provides a motor brake. Applications The invention applies in particular to: a) mechanical transmissions of all types, such as hoists, jacks, winches, winches, gearboxes and continuous or stage dimmers, b) wind turbines and tidal turbines, and more generally to the regulation of the rotation of electric power generators. (C) mills and crushers and mixers, (d) treadmills and lifts, ski lifts, cableways, etc., (e) appliances and rotating tools, (f) fishing rod reels (g) pedals, carts and bikes in solo or in tandem. 30 h) to toys, i) and generally to all cases where an engine must, to remain effective, adapt to the variation of the resistant torque.

Claims (10)

REVENDICATIONS1. Mechanical transmission of motion connecting two shafts, one of which said primary shaft 10 is provided with at least two elements called arms 21 and 22, characterized in that each of said arms 21 and 22 is provided with a transmission means movement of said connector 219 cooperating with all or part of a raceway 61 of said secondary shaft 6, and said connector comprises a mechanical means said locking member 2136 preventing it from moving freely in a direction of rotation along the portion of said raceway 61 with which the connector 219 can cooperate. 2. Mechanical motion transmission according to claim 1 characterized in that the segment from the axis of rotation of said primary shaft to the point of contact between said connector 219 and said raceway 61 is not radial relative to at the center of rotation of the so-called primary shaft. 3. Mechanical motion transmission according to claim 1 characterized in that said primary shaft 10 comprises a ring 1 centered on its rotation, and an arm can rotate about an axis said arm axis 210 located on said ring 1 . 4. Mechanical motion transmission according to claim 2 characterized in that the center of gravity of an arm 21 is located substantially along its axis of rotation 210. 5. Mechanical motion transmission according to claim 1 characterized in that a connector 219 can rotate about an axis said connector axis 2121 located on said arm 21 and that its center of gravity is located substantially on this axis. 6. Mechanical motion transmission according to claim 1 characterized in that the length of the segment from the axis of rotation of said primary shaft to said point of contact between said connector and said raceway 61 increases elastically with the tension undergone. by said arm 21. 7. Mechanical motion transmission according to claim 1 characterized in that the modification of the distance between the axis of rotation of said primary shaft and said point of contact between said connector 219 and said raceway 61 changes the position. angular of said connector about said axis. 8. Mechanical motion transmission according to claim 1 characterized in that said connector comprises two locking means of different nature, a mechanical means putting into operation one and / or the other of these two locking means. 9. Mechanical motion transmission according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises a mechanical means allowing the jamming of said locking element 2136 only along a portion of said raceway 61. 10. Mechanical motion transmission according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises at least two sets of arms each having locking means operating in opposite directions of rotation.