FR2996265A1 - Vertical axis -type wind turbine, has wings comprising two similar half-wings, where each half-wing comprises leading edge that is formed in round shape to support aerodynamics and leading edge angle that lies within specific range - Google Patents

Vertical axis -type wind turbine, has wings comprising two similar half-wings, where each half-wing comprises leading edge that is formed in round shape to support aerodynamics and leading edge angle that lies within specific range Download PDF

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FR2996265A1
FR2996265A1 FR1202605A FR1202605A FR2996265A1 FR 2996265 A1 FR2996265 A1 FR 2996265A1 FR 1202605 A FR1202605 A FR 1202605A FR 1202605 A FR1202605 A FR 1202605A FR 2996265 A1 FR2996265 A1 FR 2996265A1
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wings
wing
leading edge
vertical axis
wind turbine
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FR1202605A
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FR2996265B1 (en
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Bernard Rene Christian Bestel
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/061—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape, e.g. aerofoil profiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F05B2240/213—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the Savonius type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F05B2240/216—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the anemometer type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/301—Cross-section characteristics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/10—Geometry two-dimensional
    • F05B2250/11—Geometry two-dimensional triangular
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

The turbine has multiple wings operated in a horizontal plane and comprising two similar half-wings that are symmetrically arranged relative to a rotation axis. Each half-wing comprises a pushing edge and a leading edge, where a difference in aerodynamics between the pushing and leading edges is obtained by a triangular concave form of a section of the wings. The leading edge is formed in a round shape to support the aerodynamics and a leading edge angle that lies within a range of 45-75 degree. The half-wings comprise wing frames (4, 5) that are formed parallel to wing ends (3).

Description

La présente invention concerne un nouveau type d'éolienne à axe vertical. Les types d'éoliennes à axe vertical existantes ont des rendements faibles, ou posent des problèmes de construction, de solidité et de maintenance.The present invention relates to a new type of vertical axis wind turbine. Existing vertical axis wind turbine types have low efficiencies, or construction, strength and maintenance problems.

Le dispositif permet d'améliorer l'aérodynamisme, en gardant une bonne simplicité de construction et notamment ne comporte pas de pièces mobiles. Il s'agit de construire l'éolienne comme un empilement d'ailes régulièrement décalées, tournant chacune dans un plan sensiblement horizontal autour du même axe vertical. Chaque aile est solidaire de l'axe, pour lui transmettre son mouvement. Chaque aile est constituée de deux demi-ailes sensiblement identiques, montées en opposition, et d'une partie centrale cylindrique, de telle façon qu'après un demi-tour de rotation, l'aile se retrouve dans la même position géométrique par rapport au vent. Chaque demi-aile a un bord de poussée concave, pour écoper l'air en position aller, c'est-à-dire en position poussée par le vent, et un bord d'attaque convexe pour pénétrer au mieux l'air en position retour. La forme des ailes, avec leurs bouts tronqués, leur section sensiblement triangulaire, va permette un différentiel de tramée maximum. On ajoutera avantageusement, pour la rigidité de l'aile et pour la circulation de l'air à l'intérieur, une ou plusieurs membrures d'ailes orientées sensiblement parallèlement au bout des ailes. Les membrures d'ailes partent du bord de poussée mais ne vont pas jusqu'au bord d'attaque, pour ménager une circulation d'air. Les membrures d'ailes extérieures, sont plus longues que les membrures d'ailes intérieures pour assurer une mise en couche correcte de la circulation d'air. Cette circulation d'air, à la façon des éoliennes de type Savonius, permet d'en intégrer les avantages. Comme les demi-ailes apportent le couple de rotation, la partie centrale de l'aile peut être simplifiée, et consister en un simple cylindre par exemple, coaxial à l'axe de rotation, ouvert à son intersection avec les demi-ailes pour permettre la circulation de l'air dans l'aile. On ajoutera avantageusement, pour mieux contrôler le flux d'air, des membrures au cylindre central, de direction sensiblement perpendiculaire aux bouts d'ailes, et aux membrures d'ailes. Ces membrures de cylindre vont renvoyer l'air récolté par la demi-aile en position aller, vers l'intérieur de la demi-aile en position retour, qui sera ensuite dispersé par ses membrures d'ailes. Ces dispositifs présentent trois intérêts : Faire travailler les bouts d'aile et les membrures d'ailes à la pression en position aller.The device improves aerodynamics, keeping a good simplicity of construction and in particular has no moving parts. This is to build the wind turbine as a stack of regularly offset wings, each rotating in a substantially horizontal plane around the same vertical axis. Each wing is secured to the axis, to transmit its movement. Each wing consists of two substantially identical half-wings, mounted in opposition, and a central cylindrical portion, such that after a half turn of rotation, the wing is found in the same geometric position with respect to the wind. Each half-wing has a concave thrust edge, to scoop the air in the forward position, that is to say in the pushed-in position by the wind, and a convex leading edge to best penetrate the air in position. return. The shape of the wings, with their truncated ends, their substantially triangular section, will allow a maximum raster differential. Advantageously add, for the rigidity of the wing and for the circulation of air inside, one or more flanges of wings oriented substantially parallel to the wingtips. The wings of the wings start from the pushing edge but do not go to the leading edge, to allow a circulation of air. The outer wing ribs are longer than the inner wing ribs to ensure proper air flow. This circulation of air, like Savonius type wind turbines, allows to integrate the advantages. As the half-wings provide the rotational torque, the central part of the wing can be simplified, and consist of a single cylinder for example, coaxial with the axis of rotation, open at its intersection with the half-wings to allow the circulation of air in the wing. Advantageously, to better control the flow of air, the ribs to the central cylinder, direction substantially perpendicular to the wingtips, and the flanges of wings. These cylinder members will return the air collected by the half-wing in the forward position, inward of the half-wing in the return position, which will then be dispersed by its flange members. These devices have three advantages: To work the wingtips and the ribs of wings to the pressure in the forward position.

Combler la dépression de culot dans la demi-aile en position retour. Diminuer les remous dus au débordement de l'air autour du bord de poussée, ce qui favorise la marche générale. Dans une forme de réalisation élaborée de l'invention, la figure 1 15 représente un empilement de quatre ailes, vues de dessus, régulièrement espacées en projection horizontale, ici donc avec un angle de 45° environ entre elles. La figure 2 montre une aile vue de dessus La figure 3 montre une coupe de l'aile selon BB'. Cette disposition permet de rendre agréablement aérodynamique le retour de l'aile. 20 La figure 4 montre une aile vue de face. La figure 5 montre la circulation de l'air schématisée à l'intérieur de l'aile, vue de dessus. Pour simplifier, les contours de l'aile sont dessinés, mais l'épaisseur des matériaux n'est pas représentée. 25 Selon des modes particuliers de réalisation, une éolienne peut tourner avec une seule aile, mais pour assurer une rotation régulière, et un démarrage quasi immédiat par vent faible, on préférera monter au moins deux ou trois ailes. Pour la construction d'éoliennes de petite taille, on pourra privilégier l'utilisation de matériaux simples, comme des profilés plastiques, métalliques. Pour 30 les éoliennes de grandes dimensions où l'axe de rotation vertical (9) est très intéressant car il permet de placer les génératrices électriques ou les autres systèmes de récupération d'énergie, au sol ou sur plateforme, il sera nécessaire de privilégier la robustesse pour résister aux vents forts, et on pourra envisager la construction en matériaux composites, avec un axe de rotation tubulaire pour les plus grosses. Pour des raisons de simplicité de construction, il n'est pas nécessaire de décaler les deux concavités des cylindres d'axe, comme dans une éolienne de type Savonius. En effet le bras de levier fourni par la forme allongée des ailes, est amplement suffisant. Les bouts d'ailes (3) forment un angle d'environ 45° vu de dessus avec le bord d'attaque. Une demi-aile sera au moins une fois et demie plus longue que large. Un cylindre central (6) de diamètre sensiblement égal à la largeur de l'aile, assurera la circulation d'air et la liaison avec les demi-ailes. Deux disques (8) ou un dispositif équivalent, un au dessus et un au dessous du cylindre, vont permettre de rigidifier l'ensemble et de le fixer à l'axe. Cette disposition permet de libérer de l'espace dans le cylindre pour la circulation de l'air.Fill the base depression in the half wing in the return position. Decrease the eddies due to the overflow of air around the pushing edge, which favors general walking. In an elaborate embodiment of the invention, Figure 1 shows a stack of four wings, viewed from above, regularly spaced horizontal projection, here with an angle of 45 ° between them. Figure 2 shows a wing seen from above Figure 3 shows a section of the wing according to BB '. This arrangement makes the return of the wing pleasantly aerodynamic. Figure 4 shows a wing viewed from the front. Figure 5 shows the flow of air schematized inside the wing, seen from above. For simplicity, the contours of the wing are drawn, but the thickness of the materials is not shown. According to particular embodiments, a wind turbine can rotate with a single wing, but to ensure a regular rotation, and an almost immediate start in low wind, it is preferred to mount at least two or three wings. For the construction of small wind turbines, we can favor the use of simple materials, such as plastic profiles, metal. For large wind turbines where the vertical axis of rotation (9) is very interesting because it allows to place the electric generators or other energy recovery systems on the ground or platform, it will be necessary to focus on robustness to withstand strong winds, and we can consider the construction of composite materials, with a tubular axis of rotation for larger. For reasons of simplicity of construction, it is not necessary to shift the two concavities of the axis cylinders, as in a Savonius type wind turbine. Indeed the lever arm provided by the elongated form of the wings, is amply enough. The wingtips (3) form an angle of approximately 45 ° viewed from above with the leading edge. A half wing will be at least one and a half times longer than wide. A central cylinder (6) of diameter substantially equal to the width of the wing, will ensure the flow of air and the connection with the half-wings. Two disks (8) or an equivalent device, one above and one below the cylinder, will allow to stiffen the assembly and fix it to the axis. This arrangement frees space in the cylinder for the circulation of air.

En référence à la figure 3 la section des ailes s'inscrit approximativement dans un triangle avec un angle oc au sommet, compris entre 45° et 75°. Le bord d'attaque sera arrondi et poli de la meilleure manière selon le matériau, par l'homme de l'art. Agréablement l'intérieur de l'éolienne sera aussi lisse que possible pour favoriser la circulation de l'air.Referring to Figure 3 the section of the wings is approximately in a triangle with an oc angle at the top, between 45 ° and 75 °. The leading edge will be rounded and polished in the best manner according to the material, by those skilled in the art. Pleasantly the interior of the wind turbine will be as smooth as possible to promote air circulation.

Vus de dessus les bords d'attaque(2) et de poussée(1) de l'aile sont sensiblement rectilignes pour faciliter la construction. En référence à la figure 5, les membrures d'aile extérieures(5) sont plus longues que les membrures intérieures(4), pour favoriser la mise en couches de l'air circulant. Pour augmenter la puissance de l'éolienne, on empilera autant d'ailes sur l'axe que le permettra la résistance de celui-ci et la résistance du système de récupération de l'énergie, génératrice électrique ou autre, que nous ne décrirons pas ici. L'espacement entre deux ailes dans le sens vertical sera maintenu minimum afin d'épargner la résistance de l'axe.Seen from above the leading edges (2) and thrust (1) of the wing are substantially straight to facilitate construction. Referring to Figure 5, the outer wing members (5) are longer than the inner members (4), to promote the layering of the circulating air. To increase the power of the wind turbine, we will stack as many wings on the axis that will allow the resistance of it and the resistance of the energy recovery system, electric generator or other, we will not describe right here. The spacing between two wings in the vertical direction will be kept to a minimum in order to avoid axis resistance.

Une construction simplifiée et économique de l'ensemble peut être envisagée, en particulier pour les milieux avec vents forts et irréguliers. On pourra dans ce cas supprimer des membrures, utiliser un profilé creux robuste pour les ailes, en gardant la forme aérodynamique sur les bords d'attaque, et la forme creuse sur les bords de poussée. On privilégiera aussi une liaison simple et solide avec l'axe de rotation, en se passant éventuellement du circuit d'air à l'intérieur de l'aile. Dans tous les cas l'axe vertical de cette éolienne permet de placer la génératrice électrique ou tout autre système d'utilisation de son énergie au sol, ou sur plateforme offshore, ce qui simplifie la construction et la maintenance de l'ensemble.A simplified and economical construction of the whole can be envisaged, in particular for the environments with strong and irregular winds. In this case it will be possible to remove chords, use a robust hollow profile for the wings, keeping the aerodynamic shape on the leading edges, and the hollow shape on the thrust edges. It will also favor a simple and solid connection with the axis of rotation, possibly passing the air circuit inside the wing. In all cases, the vertical axis of this wind turbine makes it possible to place the electric generator or any other system for using its energy on the ground, or on an offshore platform, which simplifies the construction and maintenance of the whole.

10 L'invention ne se limite pas aux modes de réalisation ci-avant, donnés seulement à titre d'exemple, mais englobe toutes les variantes que pourra envisager l'homme de métier, dans le cadre de la définition qui en a été donnée. 15The invention is not limited to the above embodiments, given only by way of example, but encompasses all the variants that can be envisaged by those skilled in the art, within the framework of the definition that has been given. 15

Claims (5)

REVENDICATIONS1) Eolienne à axe vertical, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une ou plusieurs ailes travaillant chacune dans un plan sensiblement horizontal, solidaires du même axe sensiblement vertical, chaque aile étant composée de deux demi-ailes semblables, montées en opposition, symétriquement par rapport à l'axe de rotation, chaque demi-aile possédant un bord de poussée (1) et un bord d'attaque (2), la différence d'aérodynamisme entre les deux bords étant obtenue entre autres par une forme concave sensiblement triangulaire de la section de l'aile, ouverte du coté du bord de poussée, le bord d'attaque étant sensiblement arrondi de manière à favoriser l'aérodynamisme et l'angle oc du bord d'attaque étant compris entre 45° et 75°.CLAIMS1) A vertical axis wind turbine, characterized in that it comprises one or more wings each working in a substantially horizontal plane, integral with the same substantially vertical axis, each wing being composed of two similar half-wings, mounted in opposition, symmetrically by relative to the axis of rotation, each half-wing having a thrust edge (1) and a leading edge (2), the difference in aerodynamics between the two edges being obtained inter alia by a substantially triangular concave shape of the section of the wing, open on the side of the thrust edge, the leading edge being substantially rounded so as to promote aerodynamics and the angle α of the leading edge being between 45 ° and 75 °. 2) Eolienne à axe vertical selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que les bouts d'ailes (3) sont tronqués en formant un angle ,vu de dessus, d'environ 45° avec le bord d'attaque.2) vertical axis wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the wingtips (3) are truncated at an angle, seen from above, of about 45 ° with the leading edge. 3) Eolienne à axe vertical selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2 20 caractérisée en ce que les demi-ailes présentent une ou plusieurs membrures d'ailes (4) et (5), sensiblement parallèles aux bouts d'ailes pour favoriser une circulation de l'air.3) vertical axis wind turbine according to one of claims 1 or 2 20 characterized in that the half-wings have one or more flanges of wings (4) and (5) substantially parallel to the wingtips to promote a air circulation. 4) Eolienne à axe vertical selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 25 à 3 caractérisée en ce que chaque demi-aile est solidaire de l'axe de rotation, par l'intermédiaire d'une pièce creuse sensiblement cylindrique (6), ouverte aux intersections avec les demi-ailes, qui transmet le flux d'air entre chaque demi-aile, de la demi-aile en position aller ,vers la demi-aile en position retour. 304) A vertical axis wind turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that each half-wing is integral with the axis of rotation, via a hollow part substantially cylindrical (6), open at intersections with the half-wings, which transmits the flow of air between each half-wing, half-wing in the forward position, to the half-wing in the return position. 30 5) Eolienne à axe vertical selon la revendication 4 caractérisée en ce que les demi-ailes présentent des membrures de rotor (7) liées à la partie centrale cylindrique (6), permettant la canalisation plus efficace de l'air dans l'aile.5) A vertical axis wind turbine according to claim 4 characterized in that the half-wings have rotor members (7) connected to the central cylindrical portion (6), for more efficient channeling of air in the wing.
FR1202605A 2012-10-02 2012-10-02 VERTICAL AXLE WIND Active FR2996265B1 (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1011298A6 (en) * 1997-07-23 1999-07-06 Kompany Ntalaja Kabanza Tshima Universal wind turbine
US5971820A (en) * 1995-08-18 1999-10-26 Morales; Juan Alberto Parallel fluid flow wind and water mills
US20090003999A1 (en) * 2007-06-28 2009-01-01 Art Whitworth Three-Vaned Drag-Type Wind Turbine
WO2010075515A1 (en) * 2008-12-24 2010-07-01 Dominick Daniel Martino Prime mover
US20110298214A1 (en) * 2010-06-02 2011-12-08 Thompson Antone R Vertical Axis Fluid Turbine

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5971820A (en) * 1995-08-18 1999-10-26 Morales; Juan Alberto Parallel fluid flow wind and water mills
BE1011298A6 (en) * 1997-07-23 1999-07-06 Kompany Ntalaja Kabanza Tshima Universal wind turbine
US20090003999A1 (en) * 2007-06-28 2009-01-01 Art Whitworth Three-Vaned Drag-Type Wind Turbine
WO2010075515A1 (en) * 2008-12-24 2010-07-01 Dominick Daniel Martino Prime mover
US20110298214A1 (en) * 2010-06-02 2011-12-08 Thompson Antone R Vertical Axis Fluid Turbine

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