FR2991048A1 - Method for non-destructive diagnosis of framework, involves performing simultaneous measurement and recording stresses and deformations, where correspondence program and characteristic resolution permit translation of measurements - Google Patents

Method for non-destructive diagnosis of framework, involves performing simultaneous measurement and recording stresses and deformations, where correspondence program and characteristic resolution permit translation of measurements Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2991048A1
FR2991048A1 FR1201474A FR1201474A FR2991048A1 FR 2991048 A1 FR2991048 A1 FR 2991048A1 FR 1201474 A FR1201474 A FR 1201474A FR 1201474 A FR1201474 A FR 1201474A FR 2991048 A1 FR2991048 A1 FR 2991048A1
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deformations
measurements
recording
simultaneous measurement
framework
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French (fr)
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Fouad Bouyahbar
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FBCO
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0033Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining damage, crack or wear
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0041Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
    • G01M5/005Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems
    • G01M5/0058Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems of elongated objects, e.g. pipes, masts, towers or railways

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves performing simultaneous measurement and recording of stresses and resulting deformations by a continuous rotation measuring apparatus, where a correspondence program and a characteristic resolution permit translation of measurements recorded into mechanical characteristics. The characteristic resolution is performed simultaneously with the recording over a sufficient period of natural actions.

Description

- 1 - DESCRIPTION L'objet de la présente invention correspond à une technique nouvelle de diagnostic de structures construites principalement en béton armé (mais également pour d'autres matériaux qu'ils soient simples, complexes ou composites), par l'analyse fine de son comportement (en déformation ou rotation) sous un spectre de sollicitations forcées ou naturelles, parfaitement identifié, imposé ou mesuré. Une mesure suffisamment précise de la déformation angulaire de l'élément, sous des charges modérées pour être non destructives, se faisant par l'intermédiaire 10 d'un appareillage électronique « appelé INCLINET », permettant un enregistrement continu de ces déformations. La définition judicieuse du spectre de charge à appliquer à l'élément permet d'obtenir autant de conditions aux limites que nécessaire pour déterminer toutes les inconnues composant l'ouvrage ou ses éléments de réduction (qualité du 15 béton, modules, section d'armatures, relaxations aux appuis,...). L'invention est un procédé de diagnostic non destructif des structures construites se caractérisant par la mesure simultanée, et enregistrement des sollicitations appliquées et des déformations résultantes. La présente invention se distingue des techniques de test à l'épreuve sous 20 contrainte qui ne permettent que de vérifier une capacité sans rendre compte des caractéristiques réelle ou résiduelle de l'élément testé. Le principe de l'invention s'appuie sur la connaissance simultanée et suffisamment précise : - D'une action (par des charges appliquées selon un protocole défini) 25 - Et de comportement en rotations continues (mesuré et enregistré par l'INCINET en conditions réelles). Un programme de correspondance et résolution (appelé décodeur), permet par l'analyse et traduction des spectres simultanés (action et comportement angulaire), - 2 - de caractériser l'élément de structure et d'en donner les résultats en caractéristiques mécaniques classiques. La connaissance des caractéristiques mécaniques ainsi déduites, permet de reconnaître la composition de l'ouvrage objet du diagnostic, et les caractéristiques 5 des techniques et géométriques des matériaux le constituant. L'invention se distingue en ce qu'elle est non destructives et ne nécessite aucun prélèvement L'invention se distingue en ce qu'elle sollicite l'ouvrage dans ses conditions d'exploitation courantes. La répétition des essais et les mesures continues 10 permettant de distinguer les ouvrages et de les caractériser L'invention est une technique inverse de diagnostic, qui apporte une définition plus fiable, permettant non seulement de tester l'ouvrage dans des conditions normales, mais d'en connaître les limites après sa caractérisation mécanique, par l'application des lois normales de comportement. 15 L'invention permet en outre d'adapter sa résolution aux sollicitations naturelles dans le cas d'impossibilité ou de difficultés à appliquer le spectre de sollicitations forcées. Dans le cas de diagnostic sous sollicitations naturelle, l'enregistrement des mesures (actions, et comportement) se fait sur un délai suffisant (et variable selon 20 les actions naturelles), pour permettre au décodeur d'obtenir une résolution finale. Le programme du décodeur, analyse ainsi les variations du spectre des actions naturelles (neige, vent, température, ou exploitation), combinées aux réponses en déformation et rotation de l'ouvrage équipé, et détermine le moment permettant la résolution du système global du torseur contraintes-déformations paramétré 25 des caractéristiques mécaniques intrinsèques des matériaux composant la structure objet du diagnostic. Dans le cas des actions naturelles, le délai d'observation permettant ce déterminisme, est indéfini. Le programme du décodeur pouvant néanmoins utiliser plusieurs niveaux d'affinage des résultats permettant de déduire des 30 résultats partiels et une estimation projective du temps d'attente. - 3 - Pour un élément de poutre indéterminé (FIG 1), un appareil de mesure continue des rotations (INCLINET), permet d'enregistrer le spectre réponse au spectre des sollicitations. L'ensemble de ces informations est décodé par un programme et permet de donner les caractéristiques mécaniques de l'élément de structure (DECODEUR). La résolution du système produisant les caractéristiques principales de l'élément de structure, à savoir (dans le cas de l'analyse d'une poutre par exemple) : - KA, et KB : Relaxations aux appuis de l'élément - E, G, g, X et y : caractéristiques de la matrice du matériau Io - S : section de l'acier armature du matériau (également reconnu par ses caractéristiques standards) - d : Position du bras de levier de l'armature par rapport à une fibre neutre - tab : participation d'une table de compression à la section comprimée du matériau. 15 L'automatisation des enregistrements et de la résolution implique une grande facilité à l'opérateur, et dans l'interprétation. Bien qu'il soit évident que des imperfections ou renforcements de l'élément objet du diagnostic, puissent affecter sensiblement les résultats, la méthode proposée présente, non un handicap, mais un avantage de ce fait, puisqu'elle donnera un 20 résultat équivalent plus proche de la réalité de l'ouvrage, que celui des méthodes de recherches directes destructives ou non destructives. En effet, une poutre béton armé fragilisée par exemple ponctuellement ou de façon diffuse et indétectable aux mesures directes, soit par vieillissement (défaut des adhérences, glissement des armatures, décohésion de la matrice béton, 25 microfissurations,...), sera caractérisée dans la méthode objet de la présente invention en poutre de moindre section d'armature ou de moindre qualité de béton, ce qui rendra un résultat finalement plus proche de la réalité in-situ Il en va bien entendu de même pour des poutres renforcée de façon indéterminée ou indéfinie ou encore indétectable. - 4 - La méthode objet de cette invention peut ainsi permettre de re-caractériser des ouvrages ayant souffert d'une fragilisation accidentelle ou naturelle (Incendie, séisme,...), et de permettre une vérification réelle des renforcements effectués (adjonction d'armatures, tissus composites collés, ...). DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The object of the present invention corresponds to a new technique for the diagnosis of structures constructed mainly of reinforced concrete (but also for other materials, whether simple, complex or composite), by the fine analysis of its behavior (in deformation or rotation) under a spectrum of forced or natural stresses, perfectly identified, imposed or measured. A sufficiently accurate measurement of the angular deformation of the element, under moderate loads to be non-destructive, is done via an electronic apparatus "called INCLINET", allowing a continuous recording of these deformations. The judicious definition of the load spectrum to be applied to the element makes it possible to obtain as many boundary conditions as necessary to determine all the unknowns composing the structure or its reduction elements (quality of the concrete, modules, section of reinforcement , relaxations at the supports, ...). The invention is a method of non-destructive diagnosis of constructed structures characterized by simultaneous measurement, and recording applied stresses and resulting deformations. The present invention differs from stress-tested test techniques which only allow verification of a capability without accounting for actual or residual characteristics of the test item. The principle of the invention is based on the simultaneous and sufficiently precise knowledge: - Of an action (by loads applied according to a defined protocol) 25 - And behavior in continuous rotations (measured and recorded by the INCINET in conditions real). A correspondence and resolution program (called a decoder), allows the analysis and translation of simultaneous spectra (action and angular behavior), to characterize the structural element and to give the results in conventional mechanical characteristics. The knowledge of the mechanical characteristics thus deduced makes it possible to recognize the composition of the object which is the subject of the diagnosis, and the characteristics of the techniques and geometrics of the materials constituting it. The invention is distinguished in that it is non-destructive and requires no sampling The invention is distinguished in that it solicits the work in its current operating conditions. The repetition of the tests and the continuous measurements 10 making it possible to distinguish the structures and to characterize them The invention is a reverse technique of diagnosis, which provides a more reliable definition, allowing not only to test the structure under normal conditions, but also to to know its limits after its mechanical characterization, by the application of the normal laws of behavior. The invention also makes it possible to adapt its resolution to natural stresses in the case of impossibility or difficulties in applying the spectrum of forced solicitations. In the case of diagnosis under natural stress, the recording of measurements (actions, and behavior) is done over a sufficient time (and variable according to the natural actions), to allow the decoder to obtain a final resolution. The decoder program thus analyzes the variations of the spectrum of natural actions (snow, wind, temperature, or exploitation), combined with the deformation and rotation responses of the equipped structure, and determines the moment allowing the resolution of the overall torsor system. stress-deformations parametrized 25 intrinsic mechanical characteristics of the materials composing the structure object of the diagnosis. In the case of natural actions, the observation period allowing this determinism is undefined. The decoder program can nevertheless use several levels of refinement of the results to deduce partial results and a projective estimate of the waiting time. - 3 - For an indeterminate beam element (FIG 1), a continuous rotation measuring device (INCLINET) is used to record the response spectrum to the load spectrum. All of this information is decoded by a program and gives the mechanical characteristics of the structure element (DECODEUR). The resolution of the system producing the main characteristics of the structural element, ie (in the case of the analysis of a beam for example): - KA, and KB: Relaxations at the supports of the element - E, G , g, X and y: characteristics of the material matrix Io - S: section of the steel reinforcement of the material (also recognized by its standard characteristics) - d: Position of the lever arm of the reinforcement with respect to a fiber neutral - tab: participation of a compression table in the compressed section of the material. The automation of recordings and resolution involves great ease to the operator, and in the interpretation. Although it is obvious that imperfections or reinforcements of the element which is the subject of the diagnosis may substantially affect the results, the proposed method presents, not a handicap, but a benefit of this fact, since it will give a more equivalent result. close to the reality of the work, than that of direct destructive or non-destructive research methods. Indeed, a reinforced concrete beam weakened for example punctually or diffusely and undetectable to direct measurements, either by aging (lack of adhesions, sliding of the reinforcements, decohesion of the concrete matrix, 25 microcracks, ...), will be characterized in the method which is the subject of the present invention in a beam of lesser reinforcement section or of a lower quality of concrete, which will render a result finally closer to the reality in-situ. The same goes for the same with obviously indefinitely reinforced beams. or indefinite or undetectable. - 4 - The method object of this invention can thus make it possible to re-characterize works having suffered from an accidental or natural weakening (Fire, earthquake, ...), and to allow a real verification of the reinforcements carried out (addition of frames, glued composite fabrics, ...).

La présente méthode permet donc de mieux caractériser la réalité des éléments de structures en leur état de vieillissement ou de fragilisation, ou encore de renforcement, au moment du diagnostic, et d'en rendre compte précisément. L'extraction des caractéristiques mécaniques réelles, permet en final de poursuivre classiquement les dimensionnements et justifications des ouvrages. The present method therefore makes it possible to better characterize the reality of the structural elements in their state of aging or embrittlement, or else to reinforce, at the time of diagnosis, and to report accurately. The extraction of real mechanical characteristics, finally allows to continue classically the dimensions and justifications of the works.

Claims (3)

REVENDICATIONS1) Procédé de diagnostic non destructif des structures construites se caractérisant par la mesure simultanée et enregistrement des sollicitations appliquées et des déformations résultantes. CLAIMS1) Non-destructive diagnostic method for constructed structures characterized by simultaneous measurement and recording of applied stresses and resulting deformations. 2) Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'un programme de correspondance et résolution, permet de traduire les mesures enregistrées en caractéristiques mécaniques. 2) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a correspondence program and resolution, to translate the recorded measurements into mechanical characteristics. 3) Procédé selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que la résolution caractéristique est possible avec l'enregistrement sur une période suffisante d'actions naturelles. 3) Method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the characteristic resolution is possible with the recording over a sufficient period of natural actions.
FR1201474A 2012-05-22 2012-05-22 Method for non-destructive diagnosis of framework, involves performing simultaneous measurement and recording stresses and deformations, where correspondence program and characteristic resolution permit translation of measurements Withdrawn FR2991048A1 (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5283754A (en) * 1990-05-14 1994-02-01 Deutsche Forschungsanstalt Fur Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V. Procedure for measuring angles between reference directions by means of a gyro
FR2695206A1 (en) * 1992-09-02 1994-03-04 Dune Travaux Specialises Diagnostic instrumentation for concrete art object - has shock generator with steel projectile bombarding object surface while piezoelectric accelerometer and optoelectronic displacement sensors detect shock waves and transmit information to measuring bridge
US5621172A (en) * 1995-04-03 1997-04-15 State Of Oregon Acting By And Through The State Board Of Higher Education On Behalf Of Oregon State University Method and apparatus for testing material strengths
US20040123665A1 (en) * 2001-04-11 2004-07-01 Blodgett David W. Nondestructive detection of reinforcing member degradation
FR2851680A1 (en) * 2003-02-26 2004-08-27 Benoit Darbin Structure monitoring device, e.g. for antenna tower, has transmitter unit sending alarm signal if wind force exceeds preset value or shifting of foundations is detected
WO2012042510A1 (en) * 2010-10-01 2012-04-05 Universidade Do Minho Tube-jack system and method for testing irregular masonry walls

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5283754A (en) * 1990-05-14 1994-02-01 Deutsche Forschungsanstalt Fur Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V. Procedure for measuring angles between reference directions by means of a gyro
FR2695206A1 (en) * 1992-09-02 1994-03-04 Dune Travaux Specialises Diagnostic instrumentation for concrete art object - has shock generator with steel projectile bombarding object surface while piezoelectric accelerometer and optoelectronic displacement sensors detect shock waves and transmit information to measuring bridge
US5621172A (en) * 1995-04-03 1997-04-15 State Of Oregon Acting By And Through The State Board Of Higher Education On Behalf Of Oregon State University Method and apparatus for testing material strengths
US20040123665A1 (en) * 2001-04-11 2004-07-01 Blodgett David W. Nondestructive detection of reinforcing member degradation
FR2851680A1 (en) * 2003-02-26 2004-08-27 Benoit Darbin Structure monitoring device, e.g. for antenna tower, has transmitter unit sending alarm signal if wind force exceeds preset value or shifting of foundations is detected
WO2012042510A1 (en) * 2010-10-01 2012-04-05 Universidade Do Minho Tube-jack system and method for testing irregular masonry walls

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