FR2978532A1 - Device for heating and/or air conditioning e.g. building, has derivation units allowing return air coming from building to be directed toward fresh air outlet blown in building direction, without passing through air-to-air heat exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

The device (1) has a thermodynamic exchanger (6) functioning in cooling or reheating modes and arranged between an air-to-air heat exchanger (3) and a fresh air outlet in direction of a building. Air derivation units (R1, R2, R4-R8) allow fresh air coming from outside (EXT) of the device to be directed toward a return air outlet (SAR) in responsive to a request and allow the return air coming from the building to be directed toward another fresh air outlet (SAN) blown in the direction of the building, without passing through the air-to-air heat exchanger.

Description

The present invention is in the field of heating and / or air conditioning of a building, including a room for tertiary or industrial use. The invention relates more precisely to a heating and / or air conditioning device which also allows the non-permanent and controlled introduction of large fresh air flows inside the building to be treated, as well as the extraction of a part of the stale air of this building. As such, the device according to the invention is particularly suitable for heating and air conditioning tertiary premises, such as recreation rooms or shows, offices requiring the regulation of fresh air, or shops and businesses. large commercial galleries and industrial premises, such as premises in which it is necessary to regulate the quality of the fresh air for the operators who work there, for premises in which processes are implemented requiring a heat treatment and quality of fresh air, for example. Document WO 2011/04 21 26 discloses an air conditioning device of this type which operates without a thermodynamic unit and which comprises an air / air plate heat exchanger on which water is sprayed. The air passing through it is cooled by contact with water.

If, in principle, this device is suitable for heating and air conditioning as envisaged above, the water spray device has a major drawback. Indeed, some of the water spray propagates without having reached the plates of the heat exchanger and these small droplets can be the source of spread of diseases such as Legionnaire's disease. In addition, the mineral salts contained in the evaporated water are gradually deposited on the plate heat exchanger, thus reducing the heat exchange capacity. On the other hand, this device does not operate on a power range corresponding to all requests for air conditioning or heat input that customers require.

The present invention aims to overcome these problems. Thus, it aims to provide a heating and / or air conditioning device which, in operation, can not be propagating diseases such as Legionnaire's disease that allows different uses to meet all the expectations of customers in terms of heating power and / or air conditioning. The invention relates to a device for heating and / or cooling a building, which comprises, on the one hand: - a fresh air intake coming from the outside; a fresh air outlet blown towards the building; 10 and on the other hand: - a return air inlet from the building; - A return air outlet to the outside, and at least one air / air heat exchanger adapted to treat the fresh air flow and the return air flow, characterized in that it also comprises : 15 - between the return air intake and said exchanger, a humidifier of said air, with water runoff; - Between said exchanger and the return air outlet to the outside, at least one heat exchanger capable of operating in cooling or heating temperature; 20 - between said exchanger and the fresh air outlet to the building, also at least one heat exchanger capable of operating in cooling or temperature reheating; - Air diversion means, operating on demand, allowing fresh air from outside to be directed to the air outlet 25 taken on the one hand, and allowing the air return from the building to be directed to the fresh air outlet blown towards the building, without passing through said air / air exchanger. According to other non-limiting and advantageous features of this device: - it comprises between said heat exchanger and the fresh air outlet towards the building, two heat exchangers capable of operating in cooling or heating temperature; said thermodynamic heat exchangers are connected to each other via a compressor; said derivation means consist of registers able to be opened or closed, as required; It comprises, downstream of said other heat exchanger, a means for supplementing calories or frigories; it comprises means for filtering the air, arranged at the intake of the return air; - It includes a controller able to manage automatically and according to a pre-established programming, its operation. Other features and advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the detailed description of a preferred embodiment. This description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: - Figure 1 is a view of the heating device according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the device illustrated in FIG. 1 intended to show the different possible flows of the air which is treated in this machine; the following figures are similar to FIG. 2 and illustrate various embodiments which will be described hereinafter in detail. With reference to FIG. 1, it can be seen that the device according to the present invention is in the form of a unitary block having two levels referenced ET1 and ET2. Such a structure allows, of course, an economy in terms of space. However, a different structure can be used, especially in the form of a single floor. Note that this device is in the form of a monobloc unit that can be delivered ready for operation. It is preferably made in the form of a structure made entirely of aluminum (chassis and bodywork), which gives it a particularly effective resistance to corrosion. This device can be installed indifferently on the roof or on the ground. The references INT respectively designate the interior of the building to be heated or air-conditioned, and EXT the exterior of the building, which is a source of fresh air. The input on the right of FIG. 1 has been referenced as EAN at stage 1 and constitutes the fresh air inlet.

At the opposite end of the same floor is referenced SAN the outlet of fresh air that is conveyed inside the building, to renew the ambient air that prevails. On the upper floor and on the same side is the EAR recirculated air inlet, that is to say the stale air taken up inside the building, and at the opposite end is the exit of SAR air, which communicates with the outside EXT. We will now describe each of the elements that equip this device from the fresh air inlet EAN ET1 stage, that is to say from the right to the left of Figure 1.

Just downstream of this EAN input is a fresh air filtering device. In the case presented here, this filtering device comprises a prefilter 20 and an additional filter 21, each of which has the function of capturing and stopping unwanted particles contained in the air, of different size. These are, for example, filters marketed by TITANAIR. In the continuity of this filtering device but further downstream are registers R 1 and R 2 which are located immediately next to a heat exchanger 3 with parallel plates and operating by air / air exchange. It is preferably a double heat recovery plate aluminum. It allows heat recovery without moving parts or energy consumption. Registers R 1 and R 2 are, as is well known, selective opening means and variable sections. They include, for example, several movable flaps whose opening and closing can be controlled selectively and quantified. Note that the register R is immediately opposite the plate heat exchanger 3, while the register R2 is at a lower level, and it is understood that if the register R2 is open, it allows to short circuit "the plate heat exchanger 3. In other words, it prevents the air flow does not cross the exchanger. In the continuity of the exchanger 3 are thermodynamic compressors 4 which operate in connection with thermodynamic exchangers 6, 8 and 8 ', the assembly constituting a thermodynamic machine.

By the term "thermodynamic machine" is meant of course a machine in which a refrigerant circulates. Its circuit consists of a compressor, an expansion valve and two heat exchangers, namely an evaporator and a condenser.

It will be seen later that this thermodynamic machine operates directly in relation to thermodynamic exchangers referenced 8 and 8 ', arranged on the extracted air side, and 6, on the supply air side. The exchanger 6 can operate in a condenser (heating mode) or in an evaporator (operating mode). air conditioning), the mode of operation being determined by the control of the machine which acts on a reversal valve of the thermodynamic cycle. In the following description, the assembly consisting of a compressor and an exchanger will be called "thermodynamic machine". Downstream of this thermodynamic machine is a ventilated air extraction system 5 which makes it possible to direct the fresh air coming from outside EXT towards the interior INT of the building. It is preferably a freewheel fan to eliminate the losses due to pulley-belt transmissions and, thus, to improve the energy performance of the assembly. Finally, is placed next to and near the fresh air outlet SAN, an additional thermal battery 6 'allowing, by a booster hot water or fresh water, to adjust if necessary the temperature of the air blown to inside the building. At the level of the upper stage ET2 and starting from the return air inlet EAR, there is an air filtering device 2 'comprising filters 20' and 21 'of the same type as those already described. in relation to the lower floor. Downstream of these filters, there is a device for humidifying the trickling air 7. It is more specifically a high-efficiency indirect adiabatic cooler, which is formed of perforated heat exchanger panels. inorganic rot-proof material. It is watered by runoff of water, from top to bottom. The principle of operation of this cooler is that the air passes through this cooler horizontally and moistens by contact with wet surfaces. The air is cooled only by evaporation, which requires no external power supply.

At the top of this adiabatic cooler is a water dispenser that provides a uniform supply throughout the unit. Excess water is used to flush the cooler carrier to remove any debris and mineral matter that may be deposited on the media after the humidification cycle. The water that has passed through this apparatus without evaporating on contact with the air is collected in a tank, for example made of stainless material, disposed at its base and is recycled towards the top of the device, with a complementary water supply. if necessary.

The water level in the recovery tank remains constant, for example thanks to a float valve that provides the complementary water supply, for example in the form of water from the city. The particular design of this device guarantees the complete absence of droplet and aerosol generation when the humidification of the air is activated. There is therefore absolutely no entrainment of water during the course of the air, so that the transmission of legionella diseases is limited to the maximum. In the continuity of this device is present a register R4 which communicates with a fan 5 'of the same type as the previous 5, and R, and R8 registers which are arranged immediately facing the heat exchangers 8 and 8', of the same kind the one bearing the reference 6. It is then at the SAR air outlet. Note also the existence of additional registers. These include the register R3 which communicates the upper stage ET2 with the lower stage ET1, between the thermodynamic machine 4 and the space between the filter device 2 'and the air humidification device 7. A register R5 directly communicates the upper stage with the plate heat exchanger 3 in the space between the register R4 and the fan 5 '.

A register R6, meanwhile, communicate the same area of the upper stage with the space between the filter device 2 and registers R, and R2. Figure 2 is a figure equivalent to the device of Figure 1 except that it has been shown in the form of thick lines of air flow may circulate within the device. Of course, in practice, all these flows can not exist at the same time.

For each of the registers R, R8, they are shown closed when a continuous line is disposed within the rectangle that symbolizes them, and they are shown open when several parallel lines are represented within said rectangle.

We will now describe several situations in which the device according to the invention is used, with reference to FIGS. 3 and following. The air flows that actually circulate in the device are represented in these figures in the form of small arrows along the thick lines of which it has been mentioned above. This means, on the contrary, that the unaccompanied thick lines of these arrows do not correspond to any air circulation in the device. Thus, with reference to Figure 3, we are in a situation in which we want to bring hot air inside the building and evacuate the air to direct it to the outside.

In this situation, the registers R2, R3, R4 and R6 are closed, while the others are open. Starting from the fresh air inlet EAN, the air is filtered and, passing through the register R, is directed into the plate heat exchanger 3 in which it captures by heat exchange of the temperature and is then directed to the thermodynamic heat exchanger 6 in which it sees its temperature increase. If necessary, it is further increased by the additional hot water coil 6 ', to be blown inside the building by the SAN outlet. The return air enters the EAR input and is filtered. The cooler with water runoff 7 is inactive, so that the air engages, always at the same temperature, in the exchanger 3 at which the exchange of calories with the fresh air which it operates has been mentioned above. The air comes out with a lowered temperature, which is again reduced by the calories that were taken at the exchangers 8 and 8 'by the machine. The calories taken are conveyed by the machine 4 to the exchanger 6 for heating the fresh air, as we have seen previously. Referring to Figure 4, it is in a defrost mode, which is implemented when the exchangers 8 and / or 8 'frost.

In this case, this is the exchanger 8 '.

In this case, all the registers are closed, with the exception of registers R3i R6 and R8. In this case, fresh air is accepted through the inlet EAN and is directed directly to the fan 5 'and the exchanger 8. During this phase, the exchanger 8' can defrost very quickly by cycle inversion because the register R8 being closed, the exchanger 8 'can heat up very quickly. Referring to Figure 5, it is in a situation where it is desired to cool the building temperature with an outside air that has a temperature lower than the return air of said building.

Under these conditions, it is advantageous to bring in fresh air. In this case, the registers R2, R4, R, and R8 are the only open registers. Outside air enters through the inlet EAN and is directed, not towards the plate heat exchanger 3, but is derived via the register R2 towards the fan 5 so as to be introduced into the building at the same temperature. At the same time, the return air that enters via the EAR input does not pass through the plate heat exchanger 3, but passes through the adiabatic cooler 7 (which does not work) passes through the register R4 and is directed to the same temperature to the return air outlet. In this embodiment which is described as "free cooling", it allows a "free" cooling of the building by outside air. In the following figure, representing a cold partial load mode, referenced 6, we are in a situation in which we only want to partially treat the outside fresh air. The open registers in this situation are registers R ,, R3, R5, R, and R8. The return air enters via the EAR input and is derived partly from the register R3 in the direction of the fan 5 and the machine 4 which cools it, so as to bring fresh air into the interior of the chamber. building. The other part of the flow goes into the cooler 7 and sees its temperature decrease, then passes through the plate heat exchanger 3. At the same time, the fresh air, which is at a higher temperature, 35 passes through the heat exchanger 3 and sees its temperature lowered and then mixed with the part of air taken up and recycled inside the building.

At the plate heat exchanger 3 there is a temperature exchange so that the return air sees its temperature increase before being directed to the fresh air outlet. In this situation, of course, there is a supply of frigories 5 from the machine 4, if the cooling of the air at the plate exchanger 3 is not sufficient. It will be noted that by more or less opening the flaps of the registers R3 and R6, it is possible to accept between 0 and 100% of air taken up for recycling. This only deals with the quantity of fresh air that is strictly necessary. The energy consumption is therefore minimal. The following figure 7 shows a mode of operation where it is desired to cool the air of the building using the chiller 7 and the heat exchangers. The need for fresh air is 100%. In this case, the registers R2, R3 and R4 and R6 are closed. The fresh air which has a rather high temperature is engaged in the opening EAN and is directed to the plate heat exchanger 3 where it sees its temperature decrease due to the passage to the counter-atmosphere of the return air, of lower temperature. The air is then directed towards the fan 5 and its temperature 20 is further lowered by the heat exchanger 6 and, if necessary, by the complementary device 6 'operating in cold mode. In parallel, the return air enters through the opening EAR and is directed to the adiabatic cooler 7 which is in operating mode, so that its temperature is lowered. It emerges via the register R5 to be heated by the exchangers 8 and 8 'which collect frigories on the extracted air. FIG. 8 represents a "partial load mode of operation" operation. This corresponds to a situation in which it is desired to obtain a comfort temperature with a certain energy saving. The only closed registers are registers R4 and R2. In this embodiment, fresh fresh air is recycled from the register R6 to the exchangers 8 and 8 ', while the remaining portion of the flow passes through the plate heat exchanger 3 to be reheated. The air is then mixed with a part of the extracted air which is recycled by the register R3, and is directed to the new air outlet SAN, by seeing its temperature increase gradually by passing through the heat exchanger 6. The air taken to extract, passes through the cooler 7 in stop mode and sees its temperature lowered by passing through the exchanger 3 and is directed to the exchangers 8 and 8 'in which it undergoes a lowering of temperature. Finally, with reference to FIG. 9, it is placed in a situation in which one works in cold mode, with only the use of the adiabatic cooler 7. In this situation, the air taken back through the cooler 7 which is in operating mode and lowers its temperature, so that this air recovery sees its temperature increase at the outlet of the plate heat exchanger 3.

In parallel, the new air of rather high temperature is directed via the plate heat exchanger 3 thereby lowering the air temperature. The thermodynamic machine 4 which does not work in this case. The starting up of the device according to the invention, as well as the regulation of operation and shutdown of all the means which equip it, including the opening and closing of the aforementioned registers, are ensured, for example, at using a PLC connected to the electrical network. This programmable controller provides this regulation according to a preset law of regulation and / or information collected by different sensors, such as for example temperature sensors and / or the pressure prevailing inside the building, a sensor outside temperature and a probe measuring the quality of the air that prevails. This programmable controller is also able to detect possible situations of operational failure. From the foregoing, it is noted that the present device makes it possible to operate in different very different situations and makes it possible to vary the intake of fresh air between 0 and 100%. It is therefore a particularly powerful device and easy to use.

Claims (7)

REVENDICATIONS1. Device (1) for heating and / or cooling a building, which comprises, on the one hand: a fresh air intake (EAN) coming from the outside (EXT); a fresh air outlet (SAN) blown towards the interior (INT) of the building; and on the other hand: an air intake (EAR) coming from the building; a return air outlet (SAR) towards the outside (EXT), as well as at least one air / air exchanger (3) adapted to treat the fresh air flow and the return air flow, characterized in that it also comprises: - between the return air inlet (EAR) and said exchanger (3), a humidifier (7) of said air, with water runoff; - Between said exchanger (3) and the return air outlet (SAR) to the outside (EXT), at least one heat exchanger (8, 8 ') adapted to operate in cooling or heating temperature; - Between said exchanger (3) and the fresh air outlet (SAF) towards the building, also at least one other heat exchanger (6) capable of operating in cooling or temperature reheating; - Demand-driven air-diverting means (R1-R8) allowing fresh air from outside (EXT) to be directed to the return air outlet (SAR) of on the one hand, and allowing the air taken from the building to be directed to the fresh air outlet (SAN) blown towards the building, without passing through said air / air exchanger (3). 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises between said exchanger (3) and the fresh air outlet (SAN) towards the building, two heat exchangers (8, 8 ') adapted to operate in cooling or reheating of temperature. 3. Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that said thermodynamic exchangers (6, 8, 8 ') are connected to one another via a compressor (4). 4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said derivation means (R1-R8) consist of registers able to be opened or closed, as required. 5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, downstream of said other heat exchanger (6), means (6 ') additional supply of calories or frigories. 6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises air filtering means (20,21; 20 ', 21') arranged at the intake of the return air (EAR ) and / or at the intake of fresh air (EAN). 7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a controller capable of managing automatically and according to a pre-established programming, its operation.