FR2978384A1 - Method for pre-heating and lubricating 125-cubic cm thermal engine of electric car, involves transmitting electrical energy to generator such that generator drives thermal engine without starting engine to preheat and lubricate engine - Google Patents

Method for pre-heating and lubricating 125-cubic cm thermal engine of electric car, involves transmitting electrical energy to generator such that generator drives thermal engine without starting engine to preheat and lubricate engine Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2978384A1
FR2978384A1 FR1156840A FR1156840A FR2978384A1 FR 2978384 A1 FR2978384 A1 FR 2978384A1 FR 1156840 A FR1156840 A FR 1156840A FR 1156840 A FR1156840 A FR 1156840A FR 2978384 A1 FR2978384 A1 FR 2978384A1
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France
Prior art keywords
engine
battery
electric
generator
traction machine
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Granted
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FR1156840A
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French (fr)
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FR2978384B1 (en
Inventor
Belanger Pascal Bertrand
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PSA Automobiles SA
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Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
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Priority to FR1156840A priority Critical patent/FR2978384B1/en
Publication of FR2978384A1 publication Critical patent/FR2978384A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2978384B1 publication Critical patent/FR2978384B1/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/06Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01MLUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M5/00Heating, cooling, or controlling temperature of lubricant; Lubrication means facilitating engine starting
    • F01M5/001Heating
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/04Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N19/00Starting aids for combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02N19/02Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N19/00Starting aids for combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02N19/02Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks
    • F02N19/04Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks by heating of fluids used in engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/44Drive Train control parameters related to combustion engines
    • B60L2240/445Temperature
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/006Assembling or mounting of starting devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/06Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the power supply or driving circuits for the starter
    • F02N2200/061Battery state of charge [SOC]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves recharging an electric battery (16) with electrical energy that is recovered from an electric traction machine (18) during braking an electric car when the battery is reached its maximum charging level, which lies between 95 and 100 percent of theoretical total charge. The electrical energy recovered from the machine is transmitted (102) to an electric generator (12) when the battery reaches the maximum charging level such that the generator operates in motor mode and drives a thermal engine (10) without starting the engine to preheat and lubricate the engine.

Description

PROCEDE DE PRECHAUFFAGE ET LUBRIFICATION DU MOTEUR THERMIQUE D'UN VEHICULE AUTOMOBILE ELECTRIQUE A AUTONOMIE AMELIOREE L'invention se rapporte à un procédé de préchauffage et lubrification du moteur thermique d'un véhicule automobile électrique à autonomie améliorée comportant une batterie électrique et un moteur thermique servant à recharger cette batterie. Dans le cadre du développement de véhicules électriques à vocation urbaine de petite dimension, le déchargement des batteries électriques limite l'autonomie de ces véhicules. Pour pallier à cet inconvénient, on peut prévoir une amélioration consistant à utiliser un petit moteur thermique embarqué dans le véhicule et servant à recharger les batteries au besoin, lorsque le véhicule roule, en complément de la recharge par l'intermédiaire d'une prise électrique dans un point fixe (à domicile, par exemple). On sait optimiser la consommation de carburant du moteur thermique en utilisant la récupération d'énergie électrique au freinage. Cependant, cette technique devient inopérante lorsque les batteries sont pleines puisqu'elles ne peuvent plus récupérer l'énergie pourtant disponible lors du freinage. La présente invention vise à résoudre ce problème. Dans ce but, la présente invention propose un procédé de préchauffage et lubrification du moteur thermique d'un véhicule automobile électrique, ce véhicule comportant en outre une machine électrique de traction, une batterie électrique et un générateur électrique relié à la batterie, au moteur thermique et à la machine électrique de traction, le moteur thermique servant à recharger la batterie, ce procédé étant remarquable en ce qu'il comporte des étapes consistant à : recharger la batterie au moyen de l'énergie électrique récupérée en provenance de la machine électrique de traction lors du freinage du véhicule, tant que la batterie n'a pas atteint son niveau maximal de charge ; et transmettre au générateur électrique l'énergie récupérée en provenance de la machine électrique de traction lors du freinage du véhicule, lorsque la batterie a atteint son niveau maximal de charge, de sorte que le générateur électrique fonctionne en mode moteur et entraîne le moteur thermique sans le démarrer, de façon à préchauffer et lubrifier le moteur thermique. The invention relates to a method for preheating and lubricating the heat engine of an electric vehicle with an improved range comprising an electric battery and a heat engine serving a motor. The invention concerns a method for preheating and lubricating to recharge this battery. In the context of the development of small urban electric vehicles, the unloading of electric batteries limits the autonomy of these vehicles. To overcome this drawback, there may be an improvement consisting in using a small heat engine on board the vehicle and used to recharge the batteries as needed, when the vehicle is running, in addition to charging via an electrical outlet in a fixed point (at home, for example). It is possible to optimize the fuel consumption of the engine by using electric energy recovery during braking. However, this technique becomes inoperative when the batteries are full because they can not recover the energy available yet during braking. The present invention aims to solve this problem. For this purpose, the present invention proposes a method for preheating and lubricating the heat engine of an electric motor vehicle, this vehicle further comprising an electric traction machine, an electric battery and an electric generator connected to the battery, to the heat engine and the electric traction machine, the heat engine for recharging the battery, which method is remarkable in that it comprises the steps of: recharging the battery by means of electrical energy recovered from the electrical machine of traction when braking the vehicle, as long as the battery has not reached its maximum level of load; and transmitting to the electric generator the energy recovered from the electric traction machine during braking of the vehicle, when the battery has reached its maximum level of charge, so that the electric generator operates in engine mode and drives the heat engine without start it, so as to preheat and lubricate the engine.

Ainsi, l'invention permet de conserver la fonction de récupération d'énergie électrique au freinage et ce, même si les batteries sont rechargées au maximum, en utilisant l'énergie électrique récupérée au freinage pour réchauffer l'huile du moteur thermique et préchauffer le moteur thermique par friction interne avant son démarrage. Cela permet en outre un gain en consommation de carburant et une réduction des émissions de dioxyde de carbone. La mise en marche du chauffage est également rendue plus efficace par temps froid, le moteur thermique étant déjà lubrifié avec de l'huile moins visqueuse. Selon une caractéristique particulière, le niveau maximal de charge de la batterie est compris entre 95 % et 100 % de sa charge totale théorique. Selon une caractéristique particulière, le moteur thermique est un moteur 125 cc. Thus, the invention makes it possible to conserve the electrical energy recovery function during braking, even if the batteries are recharged to the maximum, by using the electric energy recovered during braking to heat the engine oil and preheat the engine. internal friction heat engine before starting. This also allows for a gain in fuel consumption and a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. The start of the heating is also made more efficient in cold weather, the heat engine is already lubricated with less viscous oil. According to one particular characteristic, the maximum charge level of the battery is between 95% and 100% of its theoretical total charge. According to a particular characteristic, the heat engine is a 125 cc engine.

Dans le même but que celui indiqué plus haut, la présente invention propose également un véhicule automobile électrique comportant une machine électrique de traction, une batterie électrique et un moteur thermique servant à recharger la batterie, ce véhicule comportant en outre un générateur électrique relié à la batterie, au moteur thermique et à la machine électrique de traction, ce véhicule étant remarquable en ce que la batterie, le générateur électrique, la machine électrique de traction et le moteur thermique sont adaptés à mettre en oeuvre des étapes d'un procédé tel que succinctement décrit ci-dessus. Les avantages de ce véhicule sont identiques à ceux du procédé et ne sont donc pas répétés ici. D'autres aspects et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui suit de modes particuliers de réalisation, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs et en référence aux dessins qui l'accompagnent, dans lesquels : - la figure 1 représente de façon schématique en vue de côté et en vue de dessus un mode de réalisation d'un moteur thermique et d'un générateur électrique adaptés à contribuer à mettre en oeuvre un procédé de préchauffage et lubrification conforme à la présente invention ; - la figure 2 représente de façon schématique un mode particulier de réalisation des différentes entités impliquées dans la mise en oeuvre d'un procédé de préchauffage et lubrification conforme à la présente invention et illustre une première étape de ce procédé, effectuée tant que la batterie n'est pas pleine ; et - la figure 3 représente de façon schématique un mode particulier de réalisation des différentes entités impliquées dans la mise en oeuvre d'un procédé de préchauffage et lubrification conforme à la présente invention et illustre une deuxième étape de ce procédé, effectuée lorsque la batterie est pleine. Dans le cadre de la présente invention, on considère un véhicule automobile électrique à autonomie améliorée comportant pour cela, outre une batterie électrique, un moteur thermique servant à recharger si besoin la batterie. Ce véhicule comporte en outre une machine électrique de traction, une batterie électrique de puissance, un générateur électrique relié à la batterie, au moteur thermique et à la machine électrique de traction. Comme le montre la figure 1, le moteur thermique 10 et le générateur électrique 12 sont mutuellement entraînés en rotation via une courroie 14. Le moteur thermique 10 présente de façon classique un circuit d'admission et d'échappement. Avantageusement, le moteur thermique est un moteur 125 cc, ce choix n'étant aucunement limitatif. La figure 2 illustre une première étape 100 du procédé de préchauffage et lubrification du moteur thermique 10 conforme à l'invention. La figure 2 représente le circuit électrique de puissance reliant le générateur électrique 12 accolé au moteur thermique 10, une batterie électrique de puissance 16 et une machine électrique de traction 18. Le moteur thermique 10 est alimenté en carburant, le carburant étant contenu dans un réservoir 20. L'étape 100 consiste à recharger la batterie 16 au moyen de l'énergie électrique récupérée en provenance de la machine électrique de traction 18 lors du freinage du véhicule. Ce mode de recharge vient en complément de la recharge de la batterie 16 au moyen d'une prise électrique, illustrée de façon schématique sur la figure 2. L'étape 100 est effectuée tant que la batterie 16 n'a pas atteint son niveau maximal de charge. On peut par exemple considérer que le niveau maximal de charge de la batterie 16 est compris entre 95 % et 100 % de sa charge totale théorique. Dans ce cas, l'étape 100 est effectuée tant que le niveau de charge de la batterie est strictement inférieur à 95 % de sa charge totale théorique. For the same purpose as that indicated above, the present invention also proposes an electric motor vehicle comprising an electric traction machine, an electric battery and a heat engine for recharging the battery, this vehicle further comprising an electric generator connected to the battery, the heat engine and the electric traction machine, this vehicle being remarkable in that the battery, the electric generator, the electric traction machine and the heat engine are adapted to implement steps of a method such as briefly described above. The advantages of this vehicle are identical to those of the process and are therefore not repeated here. Other aspects and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description of particular embodiments, given by way of non-limiting examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 schematically shows in side view and in top view an embodiment of a heat engine and an electric generator adapted to contribute to implement a preheating and lubrication method according to the present invention; FIG. 2 diagrammatically represents a particular embodiment of the different entities involved in the implementation of a preheating and lubricating method according to the present invention and illustrates a first step of this method, carried out as long as the battery is not full; and FIG. 3 schematically represents a particular embodiment of the various entities involved in the implementation of a preheating and lubricating process according to the present invention and illustrates a second step of this method, carried out when the battery is full. In the context of the present invention, an electric vehicle having an improved autonomy is considered, comprising, in addition to an electric battery, a heat engine for recharging the battery if necessary. This vehicle further comprises an electric traction machine, an electric power battery, an electric generator connected to the battery, the heat engine and the electric traction machine. As shown in FIG. 1, the heat engine 10 and the electric generator 12 are mutually rotated via a belt 14. The heat engine 10 conventionally has an intake and exhaust system. Advantageously, the heat engine is a 125 cc engine, this choice being in no way limiting. FIG. 2 illustrates a first step 100 of the process for preheating and lubricating the heat engine 10 according to the invention. FIG. 2 represents the electric power circuit connecting the electric generator 12 coupled to the heat engine 10, an electric power battery 16 and an electric traction machine 18. The heat engine 10 is supplied with fuel, the fuel being contained in a reservoir 20. Step 100 is to recharge the battery 16 by means of electrical energy recovered from the electric traction machine 18 during the braking of the vehicle. This charging mode comes in addition to the charging of the battery 16 by means of an electrical outlet, illustrated schematically in FIG. 2. Step 100 is performed as long as the battery 16 has not reached its maximum level. charge. For example, it can be considered that the maximum charge level of the battery 16 is between 95% and 100% of its theoretical total charge. In this case, step 100 is performed as long as the charge level of the battery is strictly less than 95% of its theoretical total charge.

Autrement dit, tant que la batterie 16 n'est pas pleine, la machine électrique de traction 18 peut remplir la batterie 16 au freinage, c'est-à-dire que le trop-plein d'énergie électrique est envoyé directement dans la batterie, comme l'indique la flèche sur la figure 2. In other words, as the battery 16 is not full, the electric traction machine 18 can fill the battery 16 with braking, that is to say that the overflow of electrical energy is sent directly into the battery as shown by the arrow in Figure 2.

En revanche, comme le montre la figure 3, lors d'une étape 102, lorsque la batterie 16 atteint son niveau maximal de charge, ce qui signifie en pratique par exemple que le niveau de charge de la batterie 16 est compris entre 95 % et 100 % de sa charge totale théorique, la machine électrique de traction 18 ne peut plus remplir la batterie 16 au freinage. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3, during a step 102, when the battery 16 reaches its maximum charge level, which means in practice, for example, that the charge level of the battery 16 is between 95% and 100% of its theoretical total load, the electric traction machine 18 can no longer fill the battery 16 when braking.

A l'étape 102, le trop-plein d'énergie électrique est alors envoyé dans le générateur électrique 12, comme l'indique la flèche sur la figure 3. Le générateur électrique fonctionne alors en mode moteur et entraîne l'attelage mobile du moteur thermique 10 sans le démarrer. Cette étape 102 permet de lubrifier le moteur thermique 10 et de réchauffer son huile par friction et permet ainsi au moteur thermique 10 de démarrer ultérieurement dans de meilleures conditions. In step 102, the overflow of electrical energy is then sent into the electric generator 12, as indicated by the arrow in FIG. 3. The electric generator then operates in engine mode and drives the mobile coupling of the engine. thermal 10 without starting it. This step 102 makes it possible to lubricate the heat engine 10 and to heat its oil by friction and thus allows the engine 10 to start later under better conditions.

Claims (4)

REVENDICATIONS1. Procédé de préchauffage et lubrification du moteur thermique (10) d'un véhicule automobile électrique, ledit véhicule comportant en outre une machine électrique de traction (18), une batterie électrique (16) et un générateur électrique (12) relié à ladite batterie (16), audit moteur thermique (10) et à ladite machine électrique de traction (18), ledit moteur thermique (10) servant à recharger ladite batterie (16), ledit procédé étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des étapes consistant à : recharger (100) ladite batterie (16) au moyen de l'énergie électrique récupérée en provenance de la machine électrique de traction (18) lors du freinage du véhicule, tant que ladite batterie (16) n'a pas atteint son niveau maximal de charge ; et transmettre (102) audit générateur électrique (12) l'énergie récupérée en provenance de la machine électrique de traction (18) lors du freinage du véhicule, lorsque ladite batterie (16) a atteint son niveau maximal de charge, de sorte que ledit générateur électrique (12) fonctionne en mode moteur et entraîne le moteur thermique (10) sans le démarrer, de façon à préchauffer et lubrifier le moteur thermique (10). REVENDICATIONS1. A method for preheating and lubricating the heat engine (10) of an electric motor vehicle, said vehicle further comprising an electric traction machine (18), an electric battery (16) and an electric generator (12) connected to said battery ( 16), said heat engine (10) and said electric traction machine (18), said heat engine (10) for recharging said battery (16), said method being characterized in that it comprises steps of: recharging (100) said battery (16) by means of electrical energy recovered from the electric traction machine (18) during braking of the vehicle, as long as said battery (16) has not reached its maximum level of charge ; and transmitting (102) to said electric generator (12) the energy recovered from the electric traction machine (18) during braking of the vehicle, when said battery (16) has reached its maximum load level, so that said electric generator (12) operates in engine mode and drives the engine (10) without starting it, so as to preheat and lubricate the engine (10). 2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le niveau maximal de charge de ladite batterie (16) est compris entre 95 % et 100 % de sa charge totale théorique. comportant en outre un générateur électrique (12) relié à ladite batterie (16), audit moteur thermique (10) et à ladite machine électrique de traction (18), ledit véhicule étant caractérisé en ce que ladite batterie (16), ledit générateur électrique (12), ladite machine électrique de traction (18) et ledit moteur thermique (10) sont adaptés à mettre en oeuvre des étapes d'un procédé selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the maximum charge level of said battery (16) is between 95% and 100% of its theoretical total charge. further comprising an electric generator (12) connected to said battery (16), said heat engine (10) and said electric traction machine (18), said vehicle being characterized in that said battery (16), said electric generator (12), said electric traction machine (18) and said heat engine (10) are adapted to carry out steps of a method according to claim 1, 2 or 3. 3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le moteur thermique (10) est un moteur 125 cc. 3. 3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the engine (10) is a 125 cc engine. 4. Véhicule automobile électrique comportant une machine électrique de traction (18), une batterie électrique (16) et un moteur thermique (10) servant à recharger ladite batterie (16), ledit véhicule 4. An electric motor vehicle comprising an electric traction machine (18), an electric battery (16) and a heat engine (10) for recharging said battery (16), said vehicle
FR1156840A 2011-07-27 2011-07-27 METHOD FOR PREHEATING AND LUBRICATING THE THERMAL MOTOR OF AN ELECTRIC MOTOR VEHICLE WITH IMPROVED AUTONOMY Expired - Fee Related FR2978384B1 (en)

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FR1156840A FR2978384B1 (en) 2011-07-27 2011-07-27 METHOD FOR PREHEATING AND LUBRICATING THE THERMAL MOTOR OF AN ELECTRIC MOTOR VEHICLE WITH IMPROVED AUTONOMY

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FR1156840A FR2978384B1 (en) 2011-07-27 2011-07-27 METHOD FOR PREHEATING AND LUBRICATING THE THERMAL MOTOR OF AN ELECTRIC MOTOR VEHICLE WITH IMPROVED AUTONOMY

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FR2978384A1 true FR2978384A1 (en) 2013-02-01
FR2978384B1 FR2978384B1 (en) 2014-03-28

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11326486B2 (en) 2019-09-20 2022-05-10 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Methods and systems for a hybrid electric vehicle

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2701435A1 (en) * 1993-02-15 1994-08-19 Smh Management Services Ag Motor vehicle with electric traction comprising an energy recovery device.
DE69201094T2 (en) * 1991-04-30 1995-05-24 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Drive device for hybrid vehicle.
DE19548120C1 (en) * 1995-12-21 1997-01-16 Daimler Benz Ag Engine pre-heating for a hybrid vehicle
DE10132671A1 (en) * 2001-07-05 2003-01-16 Daimler Chrysler Ag Four-stroke engine starting feeds cylinder compression heat to intake near inlet valve keeping outlet valve shut to allow pre-warmed injection and ignition of mixture.

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE69201094T2 (en) * 1991-04-30 1995-05-24 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Drive device for hybrid vehicle.
FR2701435A1 (en) * 1993-02-15 1994-08-19 Smh Management Services Ag Motor vehicle with electric traction comprising an energy recovery device.
DE19548120C1 (en) * 1995-12-21 1997-01-16 Daimler Benz Ag Engine pre-heating for a hybrid vehicle
DE10132671A1 (en) * 2001-07-05 2003-01-16 Daimler Chrysler Ag Four-stroke engine starting feeds cylinder compression heat to intake near inlet valve keeping outlet valve shut to allow pre-warmed injection and ignition of mixture.

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11326486B2 (en) 2019-09-20 2022-05-10 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Methods and systems for a hybrid electric vehicle

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