FR2959295A1 - METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RAPID FILLING OF A CRYOGENIC LIQUID DOWNSTREAM RESERVOIR FROM UPSTREAM STORAGE - Google Patents

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RAPID FILLING OF A CRYOGENIC LIQUID DOWNSTREAM RESERVOIR FROM UPSTREAM STORAGE Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2959295A1
FR2959295A1 FR1053199A FR1053199A FR2959295A1 FR 2959295 A1 FR2959295 A1 FR 2959295A1 FR 1053199 A FR1053199 A FR 1053199A FR 1053199 A FR1053199 A FR 1053199A FR 2959295 A1 FR2959295 A1 FR 2959295A1
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France
Prior art keywords
storage
pressure
upstream
upstream storage
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
FR1053199A
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French (fr)
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FR2959295B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Bernard
Olivier Pouchain
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Priority to FR1053199A priority Critical patent/FR2959295B1/en
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Priority to PL11704649T priority patent/PL2564110T3/en
Priority to EP11704649.0A priority patent/EP2564110B1/en
Priority to ES11704649T priority patent/ES2880803T3/en
Priority to JP2013506707A priority patent/JP2013527391A/en
Priority to PT117046490T priority patent/PT2564110T/en
Priority to PCT/FR2011/050075 priority patent/WO2011135210A1/en
Priority to US13/643,390 priority patent/US20130037166A1/en
Priority to AU2011247224A priority patent/AU2011247224B2/en
Publication of FR2959295A1 publication Critical patent/FR2959295A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2959295B1 publication Critical patent/FR2959295B1/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
    • F17C5/04—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. filling with helium or hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/046—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0107—Propulsion of the fluid by pressurising the ullage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F17C2250/0434—Pressure difference
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0486—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location
    • F17C2250/0491—Parameters measured at or inside the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0626—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0631—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/025—Reducing transfer time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/061—Fluid distribution for supply of supplying vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0171—Trucks

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et une installation de remplissage en liquide cryogénique d'au moins un réservoir aval, à partir d'un stockage amont, stockage amont qui contient, sous une pression de stockage supérieure à la pression atmosphérique, le fluide cryogénique en phase liquide au fond du réservoir et en phase gazeuse au sommet du réservoir, ledit stockage amont étant adapté pour alimenter le réservoir aval en liquide soutiré à partir du fond du stockage, ainsi que pour être approvisionné depuis l'extérieur en fluide, se caractérisant en ce que l'on met en place et l'on maintient une différence de pression entre le stockage amont et le réservoir aval, en établissant au niveau de la phase gaz du stockage amont une pression supérieure à la pression d'équilibre du stockage.The invention relates to a process and a cryogenic liquid filling installation of at least one downstream reservoir, from an upstream storage, upstream storage which contains, under a storage pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, the cryogenic fluid in liquid phase at the bottom of the tank and in the gaseous phase at the top of the tank, said upstream storage being adapted to supply the downstream reservoir with liquid withdrawn from the bottom of the storage, as well as to be supplied from the outside with fluid, characterized by what is put in place and maintains a pressure difference between the upstream storage and the downstream reservoir, establishing at the level of the gas phase of the upstream storage a pressure greater than the equilibrium pressure of the storage.

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine des procédés de remplissage en liquide cryogénique tel l'azote liquide d'un réservoir aval, à partir d'un stockage amont. Elle s'intéresse plus particulièrement aux méthodes permettant un remplissage rapide. On trouve de telles opérations de remplissage par exemple pour le remplissage de réservoirs présents dans des camions utilisés pour le transport et la distribution de produits thermosensibles, tels les produits pharmaceutiques et les produits alimentaires. The present invention relates to the field of filling processes in cryogenic liquid such as liquid nitrogen from a downstream reservoir, from an upstream storage. She is particularly interested in methods for fast filling. Such filling operations can be found, for example, for filling tanks in trucks used for transporting and dispensing heat-sensitive products, such as pharmaceuticals and food products.

De façon traditionnelle, le fluide cryogénique, par exemple l'azote liquide est disponible dans un stockage amont de grande capacité, raccordé à un équipement consommateur de ce fluide en aval tel le réservoir d'un camion, le stockage amont contenant sous une pression de stockage supérieure à la pression atmosphérique, le fluide cryogénique en phase liquide au fond du réservoir et en phase gazeuse au sommet du réservoir, ce stockage étant adapté pour d'une part alimenter l'équipement consommateur aval en liquide qui est soutiré au fond du stockage, et d'autre part pour être approvisionné depuis l'extérieur en fluide. In the traditional way, the cryogenic fluid, for example liquid nitrogen, is available in a high-capacity upstream storage, connected to equipment consuming this fluid downstream such as the tank of a truck, the upstream storage containing under a pressure of storage above atmospheric pressure, the cryogenic fluid in the liquid phase at the bottom of the tank and in the gaseous phase at the top of the tank, this storage being adapted to supply the downstream consumer equipment with liquid which is withdrawn at the bottom of the storage and on the other hand to be supplied from the outside with fluid.

On utilise le plus couramment des stockages dits « à basse pression de stockage », c'est-à-dire dont la pression maximale atteinte au sommet du réservoir est en général inférieure à environ 4 bars absolus, classiquement 1,5 bar relatif de pression au sommet du stockage. Pour procéder au transfert rapide du fluide entre ce stockage amont et un tel point aval, par exemple un réservoir à remplir, on utilise couramment une pompe cryogénique, pour augmenter la pression amont lors du transfert vers le réservoir cryogénique situé en aval (figure 1 ci-après annexée). The most commonly used so-called storage "low storage pressure", that is to say, the maximum pressure reached at the top of the tank is generally less than about 4 bar absolute, typically 1.5 bar relative pressure at the top of the storage. In order to proceed with the rapid transfer of the fluid between this upstream storage and such a downstream point, for example a reservoir to be filled, a cryogenic pump is commonly used to increase the upstream pressure during transfer to the cryogenic reservoir situated downstream (FIG. after annexed).

Mais on sait que l'utilisation de telles pompes cryogéniques peut présenter des inconvénients en termes de coût, d'obligations de maintenance, et de contraintes opérationnelles spécifiques telles que la mise en froid avant utilisation. Une pompe cryogénique comprend en effet des pièces tournantes qui nécessitent un entretien spécifique. However, it is known that the use of such cryogenic pumps may present disadvantages in terms of cost, maintenance obligations, and specific operational constraints such as cold setting before use. A cryogenic pump indeed comprises rotating parts that require specific maintenance.

Une autre solution a été proposée qui consiste à utiliser une capacité intermédiaire de transfert qui sera pressurisée avant le remplissage final vers le réservoir aval. Cette solution implique l'utilisation d'un réservoir additionnel, d'où une contrainte d'encombrement et un mode de fonctionnement qui va fortement dépendre du procédé en aval (mise en pression avant utilisation et gestion du remplissage lorsqu'il est vide....). Another solution has been proposed which consists in using an intermediate transfer capacity which will be pressurized before final filling to the downstream reservoir. This solution involves the use of an additional reservoir, hence a congestion constraint and a mode of operation that will depend heavily on the downstream process (pressurization before use and management of the filling when empty. ..).

Une autre solution a été proposée qui consiste à maintenir le stockage cryogénique en amont à la pression d'utilisation lors du transfert mais on sait qu'alors, du fait des caractéristiques de comportement des fluides cryogéniques, dans ces conditions le fluide tendra à se diriger vers la température d `équilibre à la pression du stockage, ce qui donnera lieu à la création de diphasique lors du transfert donc à une réduction du débit lié à la présence du gaz dans l'écoulement (à titre illustratif, 1% de diphasique massique en azote = ratio masse gaz/masse totale équivaut à un taux de vide de 50% i. e. la section occupée par le gaz / section totale). Another solution has been proposed which consists in maintaining the cryogenic storage upstream at the operating pressure during the transfer, but it is known that, because of the behavioral characteristics of the cryogenic fluids, under these conditions the fluid will tend to move to the equilibrium temperature at the storage pressure, which will give rise to the creation of diphasic during the transfer therefore to a reduction of the flow rate related to the presence of the gas in the flow (for illustrative purposes, 1% of two-phase mass in nitrogen = gas mass / total mass ratio equals a vacuum rate of 50% ie the section occupied by the gas / total section).

Un des objectifs de la présente invention est alors de proposer une nouvelle approche de remplissage rapide, permettant d'apporter une solution aux problèmes techniques identifiés ci-dessus. One of the objectives of the present invention is then to propose a new rapid filling approach, making it possible to provide a solution to the technical problems identified above.

Comme on le verra plus en détail dans ce qui suit, la présente invention propose une nouvelle méthode de remplissage dont les caractéristiques essentielles peuvent être résumées ainsi : - on utilise le stockage amont directement, sans intervention d'une capacité additionnelle ; - on met en place une différence de pression entre le stockage amont et le point aval, en établissant au niveau de ce stockage amont une « surpression », à savoir en le pressurisant à une pression supérieure à la pression d'équilibre correspondante à la température du fluide cryogénique du stockage, et en maintenant par des moyens de contrôle/régulation une telle pression supérieure, ce qui va permettre de transférer du liquide sous-refroidi par rapport à sa pression de transfert et donc d'effectuer des remplissages avec des débits plus importants, en limitant les pertes par vaporisation lors du transfert liées aux pertes de charge de l'installation et aux entrées thermiques (le temps de remontée en température du liquide étant suffisamment long par rapport à son temps de séjour dans le stockage amont entre deux remplissages) ; - pour cela, selon un mode préféré de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, on met en place sur le stockage amont ou on associe au stockage amont un dispositif de contrôle, apte à gérer de façon automatisée la pression d'alimentation en liquide cryogénique du stockage amont en pied de cuve (phase liquide), et la température du liquide cryogénique stocké, pour maintenir la phase gaz de ce stockage amont à une telle pression supérieure à la pression d'équilibre du stockage. As will be seen in more detail in the following, the present invention proposes a new filling method whose essential characteristics can be summarized as follows: - the upstream storage is used directly, without intervention of additional capacity; a pressure difference is set up between the upstream storage and the downstream point, by establishing at the level of this upstream storage an "overpressure", namely by pressurizing it at a pressure greater than the equilibrium pressure corresponding to the temperature cryogenic fluid storage, and maintaining by means of control / regulation such a higher pressure, which will allow to transfer the liquid undercooled relative to its transfer pressure and thus to perform fills with more flow rates important, by limiting the losses by vaporization during the transfer related to the pressure losses of the installation and to the thermal inputs (the time of rise in temperature of the liquid being sufficiently long compared to its residence time in the upstream storage between two fillings ); for this, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is put in place on the upstream storage or associated with the upstream storage a control device, able to automatically manage the cryogenic liquid supply pressure upstream tank storage (liquid phase), and the temperature of the cryogenic liquid stored, to maintain the gas phase of the upstream storage at such a pressure greater than the equilibrium storage pressure.

La présente invention concerne alors un procédé de remplissage en liquide cryogénique d'au moins un réservoir aval, à partir d'un stockage amont, stockage amont qui contient, sous une pression de stockage supérieure à la pression atmosphérique, le fluide cryogénique en phase liquide au fond du stockage et en phase gazeuse au sommet du stockage, ledit stockage amont étant adapté pour alimenter le réservoir aval en liquide soutiré à partir du fond du stockage, ainsi que pour être approvisionné depuis l'extérieur en fluide, se caractérisant en ce que l'on met en place et l'on maintient une différence de pression entre le stockage amont et le réservoir aval, en établissant au niveau de la phase gaz du stockage amont une pression supérieure à la pression d'équilibre du stockage. The present invention thus relates to a cryogenic liquid filling process of at least one downstream reservoir, from an upstream storage, upstream storage which contains, under a storage pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, the cryogenic fluid in the liquid phase at the bottom of the storage and in the gaseous phase at the top of the storage, said upstream storage being adapted to supply the downstream reservoir with liquid withdrawn from the bottom of the storage, as well as to be supplied from the outside with fluid, characterized in that a pressure difference is set up and maintained between the upstream storage and the downstream reservoir, establishing at the level of the gas phase of the upstream storage a pressure greater than the equilibrium pressure of the storage.

Selon un des modes de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, on met en place et l'on maintient au niveau de la phase gaz du stockage amont un niveau de pression égal à : Pg = OP+P1 ù p g h» où : - Pg est la pression maintenue dans le ciel gazeux du stockage ; - AP est la perte de charge dans la ligne entre stockage amont et réservoir aval ; - PI est la pression du liquide dans la ligne ; - p est la masse volumique du liquide stocké; - g =9,81 m/s2 ; - et h est la hauteur de liquide disponible. According to one of the embodiments of the invention, a pressure level equal to: Pg = OP + P1 ù pgh "is set up and maintained at the level of the upstream gas phase, where: - Pg is the pressure maintained in the gaseous atmosphere of storage; - AP is the pressure drop in the line between upstream storage and downstream reservoir; - PI is the pressure of the liquid in the line; p is the density of the stored liquid; g = 9.81 m / s 2; and h is the height of liquid available.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront plus clairement dans la description suivante, donnée à titre illustratif mais nullement limitatif, faite en relation avec les dessins annexés pour lesquels : - la figure 1 est une vue schématique partielle d'une installation traditionnelle de remplissage d'un réservoir aval en azote liquide à partir d'un stockage amont, mettant en oeuvre une pompe cryogénique ; - la figure 2 est une vue schématique partielle d'une installation de remplissage rapide conforme à l'invention. Other features and advantages of the present invention will appear more clearly in the following description, given by way of illustration but not by way of limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a partial schematic view of a conventional installation filling a downstream reservoir with liquid nitrogen from an upstream storage, using a cryogenic pump; FIG. 2 is a partial schematic view of a fast filling installation according to the invention.

On reconnaît sur la figure 1 la structure traditionnelle d'une telle installation de remplissage, avec présence sur la ligne d'un moyen de pressurisation du liquide extrait du stockage en pied de cuve et transporté vers le réservoir aval, structure bien connue et qui en conséquence ne sera pas décrite ici plus avant. FIG. 1 shows the traditional structure of such a filling installation, with the presence on the line of a means for pressurizing the liquid extracted from the storage at the bottom of the tank and transported to the downstream reservoir, a well-known structure which makes it consequence will not be described here further.

La figure 2 illustre quant à elle une installation conforme à l'invention, qui ne comporte pas une tel moyen de pressurisation, mais qui en revanche comporte un dispositif de contrôle, apte à agir de façon automatisée sur la pression d'alimentation en liquide cryogénique du stockage amont en pied de cuve et sur la température du liquide cryogénique stocké, en réponse à une 4 mesure de la pression de la phase gaz du stockage amont et de la position de cette mesure par rapport à la pression d'équilibre du stockage, pour maintenir une différence de pression entre le stockage amont et le réservoir aval, en maintenant cette pression de la phase gaz à un niveau supérieur à la pression d'équilibre du stockage correspondante à la température du fluide cryogénique du stockage. FIG. 2 illustrates an installation according to the invention, which does not comprise such a pressurization means, but which, on the other hand, comprises a control device capable of acting automatically on the cryogenic liquid supply pressure. the upstream storage at the bottom of the tank and the temperature of the stored cryogenic liquid, in response to a measurement of the pressure of the gas phase of the upstream storage and the position of this measurement with respect to the equilibrium pressure of the storage, to maintain a pressure difference between the upstream storage and the downstream reservoir, by maintaining this pressure of the gas phase at a level higher than the storage equilibrium pressure corresponding to the temperature of the storage cryogenic fluid.

A titre d'exemple, la pression de transfert du fluide cryogénique est ajustée à la valeur nominale souhaitée, par exemple 5 bar relatif pour une application donnée en azote liquide en aval, la température du fluide est par ailleurs contrôlée par rapport à une valeur de référence dans des conditions données, par exemple -187°C qui correspond à une pression d'équilibre de 1,5 bar relatif. Si après une période d'utilisation, l'écart de température par rapport à la valeur de consigne est supérieur à l'hystérésis paramétrée, une nouvelle consigne de pression est insérée dans le contrôleur afin de réduire la pression de ciel gazeux associée et par conséquent de limiter le réchauffement du fluide dans le stockage lors des périodes non-opérationnelles des transferts. Le système se remet à la pression d'utilisation en prévision d'une réutilisation opérationnelle de l'installation de transfert rapide. Le dispositif de contrôle permet ainsi une gestion paramétrable des données de pression, température et heure afin d'optimiser les consommations globales de l'installation. By way of example, the transfer pressure of the cryogenic fluid is adjusted to the desired nominal value, for example 5 bar relative to a given application of downstream liquid nitrogen, the temperature of the fluid is moreover controlled with respect to a value of reference under given conditions, for example -187 ° C which corresponds to an equilibrium pressure of 1.5 bar relative. If after a period of use, the temperature deviation from the setpoint is greater than the set hysteresis, a new pressure setpoint is inserted in the controller to reduce the associated gas sky pressure and therefore to limit the heating of the fluid in the storage during non-operational periods of transfers. The system resumes operating pressure in anticipation of operational reuse of the rapid transfer facility. The control device thus allows parametrizable management of the pressure, temperature and time data in order to optimize the overall consumption of the installation.

Le tableau de résultats d'expérimentations ci-dessous permet de mieux visualiser les avantages de telles conditions conformes à l'invention. The table of results of experiments below makes it possible to better visualize the advantages of such conditions in accordance with the invention.

Ce tableau indique des temps de remplissage obtenus pour 410 litres d'azote liquide transférés de l'amont à l'aval, pour différentes conditions opératoires : - des deltas de pression entre l'amont et l'aval de 1, 2 ou 3 bar ; - en combinaison avec des températures régulées de la phase liquide du stockage amont de -177°C, -181, -187 ou -191 °C ; - dans chaque cas, la valeur « Psat » représente la pression d'équilibre de l'azote à la température de liquide considérée. This table shows filling times obtained for 410 liters of liquid nitrogen transferred from upstream to downstream, for different operating conditions: - pressure deltas between upstream and downstream of 1, 2 or 3 bar ; in combination with regulated temperatures of the upstream storage liquid phase of -177 ° C, -181, -187 or -191 ° C; in each case, the value "Psat" represents the equilibrium pressure of the nitrogen at the liquid temperature considered.

Pour chaque condition opératoire, le tableau fournit le temps de remplissage ainsi que le débit moyen mis en oeuvre. Ainsi à titre d'exemple pour un delta de 3 bar (Pamont = 5 bar et Pavai = 2 5 bars) avec une température du liquide régulée à -187°C, on remplit en 3,7 minutes les 410 litres d'un réservoir aval, avec un débit moyen de 110,8 I/min. Différence Temps de remplissage pour 410 litres de pression (bar) et débit moyen mis en oeuvre Ti = -191°C Ti = - 187°C Ti = - 181°C Ti = - 177°C Psat = 0.7 bar Psat = 1.5 bar Psat = 3.2 bar Psat = 4.8 bar 1 6.6 mn 7.3 mn 8.3 mn 9 mn 62.1 I/m n 56.2 I/m n 49.4 I/m n 45.6 I/m n 2 4 mn 4.8 mn 6.2 mn 7.3 mn 102.5 I/m n 85.4 I/m n 66.1 I/m n 56.2 I/m n 3 3 mn 3.7 mn 5.2 mn 6.4 mn 136.7 I/m n 110.8 I/m n 78.8 I/m n 64.1 I/m n Tableau 1 10 On peut déduire de ce tableau les enseignements suivants : - les colonnes 3 et 4 (-181°C, -177°C) démontrent effectivement une dégradation du débit (exemples comparatifs) ; - les essais de la colonne 1 sont conformes à l'invention, mais l'on peut 15 avancer qu'ils représentent une mise en oeuvre certes possible mais plus couteuse ; - les essais de la colonne 2 (-187 °C, delta de pression de 2 ou 3 bar) représentent un très bon compromis, de performances, et de coût de mise en oeuvre pour l'application et l'installation alimentée ici. For each operating condition, the table gives the filling time as well as the average flow rate used. Thus, for example, for a delta of 3 bar (Pamont = 5 bar and Pavai = 25 bar) with a temperature of the liquid regulated at -187 ° C., the 410 liters of a tank are filled in 3.7 minutes. downstream, with an average flow rate of 110.8 l / min. Difference Filling time for 410 liters of pressure (bar) and average flow rate Ti = -191 ° C Ti = - 187 ° C Ti = - 181 ° C Ti = - 177 ° C Psat = 0.7 bar Psat = 1.5 bar Psat = 3.2 bar Psat = 4.8 bar 1 6.6 min 7.3 min 8.3 min 9 min 62.1 rpm 56.2 rpm 49.4 rpm 45.6 rpm 2 4 min 4.8 min 6.2 min 7.3 min 102.5 rpm 85.4 rpm 66.1 I / min 56.2 I / mn 3 3 min 3.7 min 5.2 min 6.4 min 136.7 I / min 110.8 I / min 78.8 I / min 64.1 I / min Table 1 10 The following lessons can be deduced from this table: - columns 3 and 4 (-181 ° C, -177 ° C) effectively demonstrate flow degradation (comparative examples); the tests of column 1 are in accordance with the invention, but it can be argued that they represent an implementation that is certainly possible but more expensive; - The tests of column 2 (-187 ° C, delta pressure of 2 or 3 bar) represent a very good compromise, performance, and cost of implementation for the application and the installation powered here.

Claims (4)

Revendications1. Procédé de remplissaqe en liquide cryoqénique d'au moins un réservoir aval, à partir d'un stockage amont, stockage amont qui contient, sous une pression de stockage supérieure à la pression atmosphérique, le fluide cryogénique en phase liquide au fond du stockage et en phase gazeuse au sommet du stockage, ledit stockage amont étant adapté pour alimenter le réservoir aval en liquide soutiré à partir du fond du stockage, ainsi que pour être approvisionné depuis l'extérieur en fluide, se caractérisant en ce que l'on met en place et l'on maintient une différence de pression entre le stockage amont et le réservoir aval, en établissant au niveau de la phase gaz du stockage amont une pression supérieure à la pression d'équilibre du stockage. Revendications1. Method for filling cryogenic liquid with at least one downstream reservoir, from an upstream storage, upstream storage which contains, at a storage pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, the cryogenic fluid in the liquid phase at the bottom of the storage and in gas phase at the top of the storage, said upstream storage being adapted to supply the downstream reservoir with liquid withdrawn from the bottom of the storage, as well as to be supplied from the outside with fluid, characterized in that one sets up and maintaining a pressure difference between the upstream storage and the downstream reservoir, establishing at the gas phase of the upstream storage a pressure greater than the equilibrium pressure of the storage. 2. Procédé de remplissage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on maintient la pression de la phase gaz du stockage amont en agissant sur la pression d'alimentation en liquide cryogénique du stockage amont en pied de cuve et sur la température du liquide cryogénique stocké. 2. Filling process according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure of the gas phase of the upstream storage is maintained by acting on the cryogenic liquid supply pressure of the upstream storage at the bottom of the tank and on the temperature of the cryogenic liquid stored. 3. Procédé de remplissage selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'on dispose d'un dispositif de contrôle, apte à gérer de façon automatisée la pression d'alimentation en liquide cryogénique du stockage amont en pied de cuve et la température du liquide cryogénique stocké, en réponse à une mesure de la pression de la phase gaz du stockage amont et de la position de cette mesure par rapport à la pression d'équilibre du stockage. 3. A method of filling according to claim 2, characterized in that one has a control device, able to automatically manage the cryogenic liquid supply pressure of the upstream storage at the bottom of the tank and the temperature of the cryogenic liquid stored, in response to a measurement of the pressure of the gas phase of the upstream storage and the position of this measurement with respect to the equilibrium pressure of the storage. 4. Installation de remplissaqe en liquide cryoqénique d'au moins un réservoir aval, à partir d'un stockage amont, stockage amont qui contient, sous une pression de stockage supérieure à la pression atmosphérique, le fluide cryogénique en phase liquide au fond du stockage et en phase gazeuse au sommet du stockage, ledit stockage amont étant adapté pour alimenter le réservoir aval en liquide soutiré au fond du stockage, ainsi que pour être approvisionné depuis l'extérieur en fluide, se caractérisant en ce qu'elle 3o comprend un dispositif de contrôle, apte à gérer de façon automatisée la pression d'alimentation en liquide cryogénique du stockage amont en pied de cuve et la température du liquide cryogénique stocké, en réponse à unemesure de la pression de la phase gaz du stockage amont et de la position de cette mesure par rapport à la pression d'équilibre du stockage, afin de maintenir au niveau de la phase gaz du stockage amont une pression supérieure à la pression d'équilibre du stockage. -------------------- 4. Cryogenic liquid filling plant of at least one downstream reservoir, from an upstream storage, upstream storage which contains, under a storage pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, the cryogenic fluid in the liquid phase at the bottom of the storage and in the gaseous phase at the top of the storage, said upstream storage being adapted to feed the downstream reservoir with liquid drawn off at the bottom of the storage, as well as to be supplied from the outside with fluid, characterized in that it comprises a device control system, capable of automatically managing the cryogenic liquid supply pressure of the upstream storage tank at the bottom of the tank and the temperature of the stored cryogenic liquid, in response to a measurement of the pressure of the upstream storage gas phase and the position of this measurement with respect to the equilibrium pressure of the storage, in order to maintain at the level of the gas phase of the upstream storage a pressure greater than the equilibrium pressure of storage. --------------------
FR1053199A 2010-04-27 2010-04-27 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RAPID FILLING OF A CRYOGENIC LIQUID DOWNSTREAM RESERVOIR FROM UPSTREAM STORAGE Expired - Fee Related FR2959295B1 (en)

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EP11704649.0A EP2564110B1 (en) 2010-04-27 2011-01-17 Method for rapidly filling a downstream tank with cryogenic liquid from an upstream store
ES11704649T ES2880803T3 (en) 2010-04-27 2011-01-17 Rapid filling procedure of a downstream reservoir with cryogenic liquid from upstream storage
JP2013506707A JP2013527391A (en) 2010-04-27 2011-01-17 Method and apparatus for rapidly injecting chilled liquid from an upstream reservoir into a downstream tank
PL11704649T PL2564110T3 (en) 2010-04-27 2011-01-17 Method for rapidly filling a downstream tank with cryogenic liquid from an upstream store
PT117046490T PT2564110T (en) 2010-04-27 2011-01-17 Method and equipment for rapidly filling a downstream tank with cryogenic liquid from an upstream store
PCT/FR2011/050075 WO2011135210A1 (en) 2010-04-27 2011-01-17 Method and equipment for rapidly filling a downstream tank with cryogenic liquid from an upstream store
US13/643,390 US20130037166A1 (en) 2010-04-27 2011-01-17 Method and equipment for rapidly filling a downstream tank with cryogenic liquid from an upstream store
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