FR2956680A1 - System for fixing photovoltaic panel on roof e.g. tiles, on metal frame in dwelling, has support strip fixed on one of rafters and arranged to support two rails, where positioning unit of support strip positions each rail - Google Patents

Abstract

The system has two rails (3) arranged parallel to rafters (C) and arranged to maintain a photovoltaic panel (2) on a frame. A support strip is arranged parallel to battens (L) and fixed on one of the rafters. The support strip is arranged to support the two rails. The support strip comprises a positioning unit that positions each rail. The positioning unit comprises projecting elements defining a space to form a housing for the rail. A wedge is housed in the positioning unit. The wedge comprises a plate part and two legs supported against the projecting elements of the strip.

Description

System for fixing at least one photovoltaic panel on a roof made of tiles or slates. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the field of designing, manufacturing and laying roofing surfaces including photovoltaic modules or panels for the production of electricity from solar energy. More specifically, the invention relates to fastening systems of photovoltaic panels on roofing surfaces such as roofs, including tiled roofs or slates, for example residential roofs existing or to build, based on frameworks comprising rafters and battens. In some countries, such as France, photovoltaic panel fixing systems are profitable by reselling the electricity generated if they are integrated, ie if they meet the criteria for integration in the roof. public bodies or, on the contrary, less profitable if they are not integrated according to these same criteria. 2. Solutions of the Prior Art There are known systems for fixing photovoltaic panels on a roof that require in-situ measurements to properly dispose the elements of the fastening system, which tends to increase the installation time. Photovoltaic panel fixing systems are known for industrial buildings or large roof surfaces. The problems of the roofs of industrial or agricultural buildings are not quite the same as those of the roofs of individual houses.

There are known systems fixing photovoltaic panels on a roof that require taking an existing framework if it is deformed, which requires the operator to add custom wood to catch the deformations of the frame, at the moment of the assembly. There are still known systems for fixing photovoltaic panels on a roof which require a very long assembly time, in particular to adapt the various elements of the assembly to the configuration of the roof, in particular to ensure the tightness of the junction between the fixing system and roof. OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is therefore especially to overcome all or part of these disadvantages of the prior art. More specifically, the invention aims to provide a system for fixing at least one photovoltaic panel on a residential roof comprising slates or tiles, resting on a frame with rafters and battens, existing or in progress of construction.

The invention also aims to provide a system for fixing at least one photovoltaic panel on a roof tile or slate that is easy and quick to ask for an operator. The invention also aims to provide a system for fixing at least one photovoltaic panel on a roof that is modular and can easily be adapted to the roof and the frame at the time of installation. The invention also aims to provide a system for fixing at least one photovoltaic panel that avoids having to multiply the measurements at the time of installation. The invention also aims to mount such a system for fixing at least one photovoltaic panel that is reliable, safe and meets the integration criteria.

4. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The invention meets all or part of these objectives by means of a system for fixing at least one photovoltaic panel on a roof made of tiles or slates placed on a framework comprising rafters and battens, the system comprising at least one photovoltaic panel, - at least two rails intended to be arranged substantially parallel to the rafters and configured to maintain said at least one photovoltaic panel on the frame.

According to the invention, the fastening system comprises at least one support strip intended to be arranged substantially parallel to the battens and to be fixed on at least one chevron, and configured to support said at least two rails, said strip having means for positioning for each rail. Thanks to the invention, with the help of the ruler, it is easy, during assembly, to locate the positioning of the rails. In particular, it is no longer necessary, as with the systems of the prior art, to measure the space between the two rails that hold the photovoltaic panels. This reduces the installation time of the system. The positioning means may comprise at least two projecting elements delimiting between them a space forming a housing for a rail. The fastening system may comprise at least one wedge adapted to be housed in the positioning means. In this case, said at least one shim may comprise a substantially flat piece and two lugs intended to bear against the two elements projecting from the strip. Thanks to the possibility of having at least one wedge in particular between the strip and the rail, it is possible to catch a deformed frame without having to add wood or to make a system of wedges to measure.

The support strip may be configured to impose a predetermined distance between said at least two rails. The support strip may comprise at least one light formed over at least a part of its length. The light can identify the attachment points and / or mounting points of the strip relative to the frame. The ruler is fixed through the battens to the rafters of the frame which generally have a larger diameter than the battens and therefore form a stronger anchor point. The support strip may have at least one support surface configured to receive the rail. This bearing surface is for example formed near the positioning means or comprises the positioning means. This bearing surface can be configured to directly or indirectly receive the rail. In the latter case, shims are for example interposed between the bearing surface and the rail.

The bearing surface can be made in one piece with the support strip. Alternatively, the support surface may form a separate part of the support strip, being for example formed on a fastener comprising the bearing surface and intended to be fixed on a chevron integrally with the strip. In this case, the fastener may have, over at least a portion of its length, a U-shaped section forming a receiving chute of a strip. The strip may comprise at least one strip section, or even at least two strip sections, each section having two ends, said ends being shaped complementary to each other, so as to make it possible to join together two adjacent strips of strip. Thanks to this aspect of the invention, a strip section may include positioning means for a rail and the number of strip sections may be a function of the roof surface covered by photovoltaic panels. The sections of ruler, thanks to these forms of adapted ends, can be assembled together in the manner of a puzzle, to form a ruler. The fastening system may, in addition to the elements described above, comprise at least a portion of the following elements: a rain screen intended to be disposed under the ruler, a lower plate and / or a bituminous strip forming sealing, abersion plates side, lower and upper, transverse rails or sleepers intended to be arranged between two photovoltaic panels extending one above the other according to the slope of the roof. 5. List of Figures Other features and advantages of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the following description of embodiments of the invention, given by way of illustrative and non-limiting examples and the accompanying drawing in which: FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a fastening system according to the invention placed on a roof, FIGS. 2 to 11 show schematically and in perspective the roof of FIG. of the establishment of the various elements of the fastening system, - Figure 12 represents in isolation, schematically and in perspective, a first example of section of support strip according to the invention, - Figure 13 represents in isolation, of schematically and in perspective, a fixing piece intended to be fixed with the strip of Figure 12, - Figure 14 partially shows, schematically and in perspective, the fastener of FIG 13 secured to the section of the strip of Figure 12, and the addition of shims, - Figure 15 is a schematic cross sectional view along XV-XV of Figure 14 FIG. 16 is a diagrammatic and perspective representation of a second example of a section of a support strip according to the invention, FIG. 17 is a schematic and partial view, in perspective, of two sections of a strip similar to FIG. that of FIG. 16, assembled together, FIG. 18 schematically and partially shows, in perspective, the ruler section of FIG. 16, receiving two shims, FIG. 19 is a schematic and partial representation. , in an exploded view, the assembly of the section of ruler of FIG. 16 with wedges and a rail; FIG. 20 schematically and in perspective, partially, the junction zone of FIG. fastening system with the roof, on the side, and - Figures 21 to 25 show, schematically, different possibilities of assembling photovoltaic panels in the fastening system according to the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION There is shown in FIG. 1 a roof T formed, in the illustrated example, of slates or tiles A. The roof T rests on a metal frame or timber comprising rafters C extending according to the slope of the roof T and substantially horizontal battens L, arranged substantially perpendicular to the rafters. The roof T is in this example a residential roof. As can be seen in FIG. 1, part of the roof T is occupied by a fixing system 1 of photovoltaic panels 2 mounted on the roof T. In the example illustrated, the fixing system 1 comprises four photovoltaic panels 2 , but it is not beyond the scope of the invention if the number of photovoltaic panels 2 is less than or greater than four. It is also not within the scope of the invention if the positioning of the photovoltaic panels 2 is different, ie different from a positioning as illustrated in Figure 1 in "portrait mode". The different elements visible in Figure 1 of the fastening system 1 are as follows. The fastening system 1 comprises, in addition to the photovoltaic panels 2, at least two rails 3 arranged substantially parallel to the rafters C, configured to support and maintain the photovoltaic panels 2 on the frame. In the illustrated example, the rails 3 form the support of the photovoltaic panels 2 and a cover 4 parallel to the rails 3 is disposed above the photovoltaic panels 2 so as to hold them in particular by pinching with the rail 3. In the FIG. illustrated example, the number of rails 3 is three but it can be higher or lower without departing from the scope of the invention, depending on the number of photovoltaic panels 2 of the fastening system. The fastening system 1 further comprises a plurality of crosspieces 5, six in number in the illustrated example, namely three sets of two crosspieces separated by a rail 3 in the extension of one another, arranged in parallel by relative to the battens L, substantially perpendicular to the rails 3 and separating between them two adjacent photovoltaic panels 2, in the direction of the slope or bordering inferiorly or superiorly the photovoltaic panels 2 situated at the edge of the fixing system. The crosspieces 5 are, like the rails 3, arranged under the photovoltaic panels 2 while a cover 6 is attached above to maintain the photovoltaic panels in particular by pinching between the cover 6 and the crossbar 5. The system 1 additionally comprises connecting elements with the roof T ensuring the sealing thereof in the area adjacent to the photovoltaic panels 2. In particular, the fastening system 1 laterally comprises side of the abutment sheets 10, in the upper part an upper abler plate I l and in the lower part a lower abrading plate 12. Other elements of the fastening system 1 are not visible in Figure 1 and will be described below. Figures 2 to 11 illustrate, schematically, the different steps of mounting the fastening system 1 of photovoltaic panels 2 according to the invention. In Figure 2, there is shown a roof T resting on a wood frame or metal formed of C rafters and L battens. The roof T has been partially discovered or has not been completely covered so as to reveal a zone Z of the frame to make room for the mounting of the fastening system 1. FIG. 3 shows the step of placing a sheet 15 joining the tiles or slates A. This sheet 15 extends over the entire width of the zone Z uncovered, at the bottom of the slope, being arranged parallel to the battens L. A bituminous strip 14 is also put in place, substantially covering the sheet 15. In FIG. 4, the laying, on almost all of the zone Z, a rain screen 16 on which it is possible, for example by tracing, locate the battens and / or rafters of the frame by forming lines 17 so as to position, in a step illustrated on the Figure 5, parallel along these strips L, support strips 20, three in number in the illustrated example. Each mounting strip 20 is, during assembly, fixed on at least one chevron C and configured to support at least two rails 3. According to the principle of the invention, each support strip 20 has positioning means 22 for each rail 3.

The strips 20 will be described in detail below. FIG. 6 illustrates the laying on the strips of the rails 3. The gap between the rails 3 is imposed by the strips 20. In this illustrated example, the difference is of a length equal to that of a section 30 of a strip . The difference corresponds in fact to the distance between two positioning means 22, a section 30 of a strip including in this example positioning means 22 for a rail 3. The cross members 5 are then deposited on the rails 3 in a step illustrated on Figure 7.

As illustrated in FIG. 8, at least one lower abutment plate 12 is put in place and then, in a step illustrated in FIG. 9, at least one side abutment plate 10 is put in place before being put in place. , as illustrated in FIG. 10, at least one upper aberrant plate 11. In a step illustrated in FIG. 11, the photovoltaic panels 2 bordered by the rails 3 and the crosspieces 5 are put in place. 4 and 6 on the rails 3 and crosspieces 5 respectively, in a step not shown, to complete the installation of the fastening system 1 on the roof T. FIGS. 12 to 19 illustrate two examples of support strips 20 that may be part of the fastening system 1. A first example of support strip 20 is illustrated in FIGS. 12 to 15. The support strip 20 comprises at least one section of strip 30 illustrated in isolation in FIG. 12, in the form of a bar breakthrough e lights 31 along the section 30. Each strip 20, extending over a segment substantially of the width of the roof surface to be covered by the photovoltaic panel (s) 2, may comprise one or more segments 30 of strip. The section 30 has raised side edges to form a flange 32 over the entire length of the section 30. The ends 33 of the portion 30 of strip 20 have complementary shapes to each other, so as to assemble two sections 30 in the extension the one of the other. The section 30 comprises positioning means 22 formed, in the illustrated example, by two projecting elements 34, separated by a space 35 of a length d substantially equal to the width of the rail 3. Thus, the rail 3 can be positioned in this space 35 between the projecting elements 34 formed, in this illustrated example, in one piece with the section of strip 30. The lights 31 make it possible to mark the marked marking, in particular lines 17, on the rain screen 16 , so as to fix the strip 20 on the rafters C of the frame. A section 30 of strip may comprise means for positioning one or more rails 3. A fastener 40 has been illustrated in FIG. 13. This fastener 40 is intended to be coupled to the strip section 30 of the strip. Figure 12 and to be secured to the rafters C and L battens via the ruler. This fastener 40 is in the form of a U forming a chute inside the receiving U of the strip 20, over part of its length. The dorsal portion of the U extends to form two lateral wings 43. The attachment piece 40 has a bearing surface 41, configured to receive the rail 3. In the example shown, the bearing surface 41 extends over a length substantially equal to the length d, so as to occupy the space 35 between the projecting elements 34 of the strip 20, as can be seen in FIG. 14. The bearing surface 41 is, in the illustrated example , pierced with lights 42 to insert a fixing screw for example.

Orifices 44 are also provided, two in number, in the wings 43 of the fastener 40 so as to allow the fastening of the strip 20 and the fastener 40. In Figures 14 and 15, there is shown securing the fastener 40 with the strip 20. In these figures, one can see the establishment of shims 50, two in number in the example shown, which can be used in the fastening system 1 compliant to the invention, so as to catch any deformation of the frame before positioning the rails 3. Each shim 50 is adapted to be partially housed in the positioning means 22 as illustrated. Each shim 50 has a substantially flat piece 51 and lugs 52, two in number in the example shown, intended to bear against the projecting elements 34 of the strip 20 and center the rail 3. As can be seen each shim 50 has longitudinal slots 53, two in number in the illustrated example, coinciding with the slots 42 of the fastener 40, so as to receive fastening means such as a screw, for example. A second example of support strip 20 of the fastening system 1 has been illustrated in FIGS. 16 to 19. In this embodiment, the bearing surface 41 is made in one piece with the support strip 20, forming a tray adjacent to the bar and in elevation relative to the flange 32 of the strip 20 and connected thereto. The bearing surface 41 is bordered by the projecting elements 34 and is able to receive the shims 50 similar to those described in FIGS. 14 and 15.

As can be seen in FIG. 17, two sections 30 of strip are nested with their ends 33 shaped in complementary manner to allow assembly in the manner of a puzzle. FIG. 19 illustrates the fastening of the strip 20 with a rail 3 and fixing means constituted by screws 60 and 61. The screw 61 is intended to assemble the rail 3 with the blocks 50 and the bearing surface 41 while the screw 60 is intended to secure the rail 3 with a chevron C through the slots 31. It should be noted that in this second example, the bearing surface 41 does not include light. The screws 60 and / or 61 may be self-drilling or self-drilling. FIG. 20 partially represents the fastening system 1 once put in place on the roof T. In this figure, we can see a cover 4 cooperating with the rail 3 as well as the edge of a photovoltaic panel 2. side abrading sheet 10 and the lower abrading sheet 12 comprising a plurality of vents 70 allowing the circulation of air under the photovoltaic panels 2.

The lateral connection between the photovoltaic panels 2 and the tiles or slates A is ensured by the sheet of abergeement of side 10. The lateral connection is also ensured by an obstruction element 72 intended to extend at the edge of the tiles A parallel to the rafters C to prevent the infiltration of water under the tiles A because of the superposition of the tiles A in the slope of the roof T. In the example illustrated, the obstruction element 72 is mounted to move relative to the side of the abutment sheet 10 in a direction substantially perpendicular to that of the rafters C and therefore in a direction substantially parallel to that of the L-shaped battens. In the example shown, the obstruction element 72 comprises a base 73 shown in dashed lines. in Figure 20 and extending beneath the tiles A. From this base 73 extends a projecting elongated member 74 formed in this example by a fold having an inverted V-shaped section of a e height at least equal to the day formed by two adjacent tiles A in the slope of the roof T. The obstruction element 72 is formed from a sheet metal strip, in this example. In this example also, the side abutment plate 10 comprises a substantially flat portion 75, one end of which is intended to extend under the tiles A. The substantially flat base 73 of the obstruction element 72 extends between the substantially flat portion of the side abutment sheet 10 and the tiles A. The base 73 is arranged to slide on the substantially flat portion 75 of the side abutment sheet 10 to allow the operator to adjust the position of the obstruction element 72 and thus effectively seal the day formed between the tiles A.

This device allows ease of assembly that can not be envisaged in the systems of the prior art in which the obstruction element is formed in one piece with the abutment plate from the side, which does not allow it to be adjusted. at the roof. FIGS. 21 to 25 show different configurations that can be taken by the fastening system 1 according to the invention. In Figure 21, we see that the photovoltaic panels 2 can be assembled on the roof T in a rectangle format "landscape". In Figure 22, the photovoltaic panels are arranged in a rectangle format "portrait". In FIGS. 23 and 24, photovoltaic panels 2 are shown in the form of T, respectively at the place and upside down, and in FIG. 25 in the form of a U. Other configurations are of course conceivable, in FIG. function of the roof T, for example. The invention is of course not limited to the examples which have just been described.

Each strip section 30 may comprise positioning means 22 for one or more rails 3. A strip 20 which extends along a segment substantially of the width of the covering surface to be covered with photovoltaic panels may comprise one or more sections of ruler.

Throughout the description, the terms "comprising one" or "comprising one" should be understood as being synonymous respectively with the terms "comprising at least one" and "comprising at least one", unless the opposite is specified.

The indicated ranges are understood to include the terminals, unless otherwise specified.

Claims (11)

REVENDICATIONS1. Fixing system (1) of at least one photovoltaic panel (2) on a roof (T) made of tiles or slates (A) placed on a framework comprising rafters (C) and battens (L), the system comprising at least one photovoltaic panel (2), at least two rails (3) intended to be arranged substantially parallel to the rafters (C) and configured to maintain said at least one photovoltaic panel (2) on the frame, the system being characterized in that it comprises at least one support strip (20) intended to be arranged substantially parallel to the battens (L) and to be fixed on at least one chevron (C), and configured to support said at least two rails ( 3), said strip (20) having positioning means (22) for each rail (3). 2. Fastening system according to claim 1, characterized in that said positioning means (22) comprise at least two projecting elements (34) delimiting between them a space (35) forming a housing for a rail (3). 3. Fastening system according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it comprises at least one wedge (50) adapted to be housed in said positioning means (22). 4. Fastening system according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that said at least one shim (50) comprises a substantially flat piece (51) and two lugs (52) intended to bear against the two projecting elements ( 34) of said ruler (20). 5. Fastening system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support strip (20) is configured to impose a predetermined distance between said at least two rails (3). 6. Fastening system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support strip (20) comprises at least one lumen (31) formed over at least a part of its length. 7. Fastening system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support strip (20) has at leasta bearing surface (41) configured to receive said rail (3). 8. Fastening system according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said bearing surface (41) is formed integrally with the support strip (20). 9. Fastening system according to claim 7, characterized in that said bearing surface (41) forms a separate part of the support strip (20), being formed on a fastener (40) having the surface of support (41) and intended to be fixed on a chevron (C) integrally with the strip (20). 10. Fastening system according to claim 9, characterized in that said fastener (40) has, on at least a portion of its length, a U-shaped section forming a receiving chute of a strip (20). 11. Fastening system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the strip (20) comprises at least one section (30) of strip, or at least two sections (30) of strip, each section (30). having two ends (33), said ends (33) being shaped complementary to each other, so as to make it possible to join together two adjacent strips (30) of strip.